JPH1039285A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH1039285A JPH1039285A JP8190756A JP19075696A JPH1039285A JP H1039285 A JPH1039285 A JP H1039285A JP 8190756 A JP8190756 A JP 8190756A JP 19075696 A JP19075696 A JP 19075696A JP H1039285 A JPH1039285 A JP H1039285A
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- scattering
- light
- incident
- crystal display
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- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、広視野角化をは
かった液晶表示装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】液晶表示装置としては、一般に、ＴＮ
（ツイステッドネマティック）型またはＳＴＮ（スーパ
ーツイステッドネマティック）型のものが利用されてい
る。これらの液晶表示装置は、液晶の分子が一対の基板
間においてツイスト配向している液晶セルと、この液晶
セルをはさんで配置された入射側および出射側の偏光板
とで構成されている。2. Description of the Related Art As a liquid crystal display device, TN is generally used.
(Twisted nematic) type or STN (super twisted nematic) type is used. These liquid crystal display devices are composed of a liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal molecules are twist-aligned between a pair of substrates, and an incident side and an output side polarizing plate interposed between the liquid crystal cells.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上記ＴＮ型や
ＳＴＮ型の液晶表示装置は、その表示特性に、液晶セル
の液晶分子の配向状態によって決まる方向性があり、そ
のため、視野角（表示を良好な状態で見ることができる
観察角範囲）が狭いという問題をもっている。However, the above-mentioned TN type or STN type liquid crystal display device has a display characteristic whose directionality is determined by the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal cell. There is a problem that the observation angle range in which the image can be viewed in a good state is narrow.
【０００４】これは、液晶セルのΔｎ・ｄ（液晶の屈折
率異方性Δｎと液晶層厚ｄとの積）の値が観察角によっ
て見かけ上変化するためであり、したがって、液晶セル
の両基板の内面にそれぞれ設けられている電極間への印
加電圧が同じであっても、つまり基板面に対する液晶分
子の立上がり角が同じであっても、光の透過率は観察方
向によって異なるから、上記液晶表示装置の電圧−透過
率特性には観察角依存性がある。This is because the value of Δn · d (the product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal and the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer) of the liquid crystal cell apparently changes depending on the observation angle. Even if the applied voltage between the electrodes provided on the inner surface of the substrate is the same, that is, even if the rising angle of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate surface is the same, the light transmittance differs depending on the observation direction. The voltage-transmittance characteristic of the liquid crystal display device has an observation angle dependency.
【０００５】そして、液晶表示装置は、その液晶セルの
液晶分子の配向状態によって決まる固有の視角（コント
ラストが最も高く見える観察角）をもっており、その視
角付近の方向から観察したときは良好なコントラストの
表示が観察されるが、観察角が視角方向からずれるのに
ともなってコントラストが極端に低下し、また、明るさ
に階調をもたせた階調表示においては、中間調の表示の
明るさが観察角によって大きく変化して階調反転を生じ
てしまうため、その表示をコントラストが充分でしかも
階調反転のない良好な状態で見ることができる観察角範
囲が限られており、したがって視野角が狭い。[0005] The liquid crystal display device has a unique viewing angle (observation angle at which the contrast is highest) determined by the orientation state of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal cell, and has a good contrast when viewed from a direction near the viewing angle. The display is observed, but the contrast is extremely reduced as the observation angle deviates from the viewing angle direction. In a gray scale display in which the brightness is given a gradation, the brightness of the halftone display is observed. Since the grayscale inversion is caused by a large change depending on the angle, the viewing angle range in which the display can be viewed in a satisfactory state with sufficient contrast and no grayscale inversion is limited, and thus the viewing angle is narrow. .
【０００６】なお、液晶表示装置は、一般に、その画面
（光の出射面）に垂直な軸線に対して前記画面の下縁方
向に僅かに（２°〜５°程度）傾いた方向に視角がくる
ように液晶セルのそれぞれの基板の近傍における液晶分
子の配向方向を設定したものが用いられており、このよ
うに設計された液晶表示装置は、前記軸線に対する画面
下縁方向への観察角が約１５°を越えると階調の反転が
生じ、また前記垂線に対する画面上縁方向への観察角が
約１０°を越えると黒レベルが急激に浮き上がる（漏光
によって黒の表示の濃さが薄くなる）ため、その視野角
は２５°程度しかない。In general, a liquid crystal display device has a viewing angle in a direction slightly inclined (about 2 ° to 5 °) toward the lower edge of the screen with respect to an axis perpendicular to the screen (light emitting surface). A liquid crystal display device in which the orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of each substrate of the liquid crystal cell is set as described above is used, and the liquid crystal display device thus designed has an observation angle in the lower edge direction of the screen with respect to the axis. When the angle exceeds about 15 °, the gray level is inverted, and when the viewing angle of the perpendicular line toward the upper edge of the screen exceeds about 10 °, the black level rises rapidly (the darkness of black display is reduced due to light leakage). Therefore, the viewing angle is only about 25 °.
【０００７】この発明は、液晶の分子が一対の基板間に
おいてツイスト配向している液晶セルを用いるものであ
りながら、コントラストが充分でしかも階調反転のない
良好な表示を観察できる観察角範囲を大きくして、広視
野角化を実現することができる液晶表示装置を提供する
ことを目的としたものである。The present invention uses a liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal molecules are twist-aligned between a pair of substrates. However, the present invention provides a viewing angle range in which a satisfactory display with sufficient contrast and no grayscale inversion can be observed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display device which can be enlarged to realize a wide viewing angle.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明の液晶表示装置
は、液晶の分子が一対の基板間においてツイスト配向し
ている液晶セルと、光の散乱特性に入射角依存性を有す
る散乱板と、２枚のディスコテイック液晶フィルムと
を、少なくとも前記散乱板を前記液晶セルの出射面側に
配置して積層し、これらをはさんでその入射側と出射側
とにそれぞれ偏光板を配置してなり、前記散乱板は、そ
の垂線に対して一方の方向に、前記垂線に対する角度が
互いに異なる２つの面ではさまれた散乱角度範囲をも
ち、この散乱角度範囲内の入射角で入射した光を散乱さ
せて出射し、前記散乱角度範囲外の入射角で入射した光
はほとんど散乱させることなく高い透過率で出射する散
乱特性を有するものであって、この散乱板が、前記散乱
角度範囲を含む方向を所定の方向に向けて設けられてい
るとともに、前記２枚のディスコテイック液晶フィルム
は、それぞれの遅相軸を互いにほぼ直交させて設けられ
ていることを特徴とするものである。According to the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display device comprising: a liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal molecules are twist-aligned between a pair of substrates; a scattering plate having an incident angle dependency in light scattering characteristics; Two discotic liquid crystal films are laminated with at least the scattering plate disposed on the exit surface side of the liquid crystal cell, and a polarizing plate is disposed on each of the incident side and the exit side with these interposed therebetween. The scattering plate has a scattering angle range sandwiched between two surfaces having different angles with respect to the perpendicular in one direction with respect to the perpendicular, and transmits light incident at an incident angle within the scattering angle range. The light that is scattered and emitted and has a scattering characteristic of being emitted at a high transmittance without being scattered is hardly scattered, and the scattering plate includes the scattering angle range. Direction Together provided toward the fixed direction, Disukoteikku liquid crystal film of the two sheets is characterized in that are provided respective slow axes were substantially perpendicular to each other.
【０００９】この発明の液晶表示装置によれば、液晶セ
ルを出射して前記散乱板に入射した光のうち、この散乱
板の散乱角度範囲内の入射角で入射した光が散乱されて
出射するため、前記散乱板を、その散乱角度範囲を含む
方向を所定の方向、つまり視野角を広げたい方向に向け
て設けて、その方向への出射光を散乱させてやれば、階
調の反転が生じない表示が得られる光の出射角範囲が広
くなる。According to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, of the light emitted from the liquid crystal cell and incident on the scattering plate, the light incident at an incident angle within the scattering angle range of the scattering plate is scattered and emitted. Therefore, if the scattering plate is provided with a direction including the scattering angle range in a predetermined direction, that is, a direction in which the viewing angle is desired to be widened, and the emitted light in that direction is scattered, the inversion of the gradation is performed. The emission angle range of light that can provide a display that does not occur is widened.
【００１０】しかも、この液晶表示装置では、入射側の
偏光板を透過して入射した光が、遅相軸を互いにほぼ直
交させて配置した２枚のディスコテイック液晶フィルム
を透過して出射側偏光板に入射するため、これらのディ
スコテイック液晶フィルムの複屈折作用により、階調の
反転が生じない表示が得られる光の出射角範囲が、前記
散乱板の散乱作用による範囲よりもさらに全周方向に広
くなるとともに、黒レベルが低く押さえられてコントラ
ストが高くなる。Further, in this liquid crystal display device, the light incident through the polarizing plate on the incident side is transmitted through the two discotic liquid crystal films arranged with the slow axes substantially orthogonal to each other, and the light on the emitting side is transmitted. Since the light is incident on the polarizing plate, the birefringence of these discotic liquid crystal films makes the emission angle range of light from which a display in which gradation inversion does not occur is more complete than the range due to the scattering effect of the scattering plate. As the width increases in the circumferential direction, the black level is suppressed low and the contrast increases.
【００１１】したがって、この発明の液晶表示装置によ
れば、液晶の分子が一対の基板間においてツイスト配向
している液晶セルを用いるものでありながら、コントラ
ストが充分でしかも階調反転のない良好な表示を観察で
きる観察角範囲を大きくして、広視野角化を実現するこ
とができる。Therefore, according to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, although a liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal molecules are twisted between a pair of substrates is used, a satisfactory contrast is obtained without gradation inversion. The viewing angle range in which display can be observed is widened, and a wide viewing angle can be realized.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の実施の形態】この発明の液晶表示装置は、光の
散乱特性に入射角依存性を有する散乱板の散乱作用と、
遅相軸を互いにほぼ直交させて配置した２枚のディスコ
テイック液晶フィルムの複屈折作用とを利用して、コン
トラストが充分でしかも階調反転のない良好な表示を観
察できる観察角範囲を大きくしたものである。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a scattering function of a scattering plate having an incident angle dependence on light scattering characteristics;
Utilizing the birefringence effect of two discotic liquid crystal films whose slow axes are arranged almost orthogonal to each other, the viewing angle range in which a satisfactory display with sufficient contrast and no gradation inversion can be observed is increased. It was done.
【００１３】この発明の液晶表示装置において、前記散
乱板は、その散乱角度範囲を含む方向を、前記液晶セル
と入射側および出射側の偏光板とからなる液晶表示系が
もっている固有の視角方向を含む方向に向けて設けるの
が好ましく、このようにすれば、前記液晶表示系の視角
方向を含む方向の視野角を広くすることができる。In the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the scattering plate has a direction including a scattering angle range in a unique viewing angle direction provided by a liquid crystal display system including the liquid crystal cell and the incident side and the exit side polarizing plates. It is preferable to provide the liquid crystal display system in the direction including the viewing angle. In this case, the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display system in the direction including the viewing angle direction can be widened.
【００１４】この場合、前記液晶表示系は、その出射面
（液晶表示装置の画面）の垂線に対して一方の方向に２
°〜５°程度傾いた方向に視角がくるように設計し、前
記散乱板として、その散乱角度範囲を規定する前記２つ
の面のうちの第１の面が、散乱板の垂線に対して前記一
方の方向に０°〜約２０°の範囲の方向にあり、第２の
面が、前記垂線に対して前記一方の方向に前記第１の面
を越える角度で傾いた方向にあって、前記散乱角度範囲
が約３０°〜約５０°であるものを用いるのが望まし
い。In this case, the liquid crystal display system has two directions in one direction with respect to a perpendicular line of an emission surface (a screen of the liquid crystal display device).
Designed so that the viewing angle comes in a direction inclined by about 5 ° to 5 °, and as the scattering plate, the first surface of the two surfaces that defines the scattering angle range is perpendicular to the scattering plate. A second surface in a direction inclined from the perpendicular by an angle exceeding the first surface in the one direction with respect to the perpendicular, It is desirable to use one having a scattering angle range of about 30 ° to about 50 °.
【００１５】さらに、前記２枚のディスコテイック液晶
フィルムは、それぞれの液晶の屈折率異方性Δｎ′とフ
ィルム厚ｄ′との積Δｎ′・ｄ′の値のトータル値が、
前記液晶セルの液晶の屈折率異方性Δｎと液晶層厚ｄと
の積Δｎ・ｄの値とほぼ同じであるものが望ましく、こ
のようにすれば、ディスコテイック液晶フィルムの複屈
折作用が表示に悪影響を及ぼすことはない。Further, in the two discotic liquid crystal films, the total value of the product Δn ′ · d ′ of the refractive index anisotropy Δn ′ of each liquid crystal and the film thickness d ′ is:
It is desirable that the value of the product Δn · d of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal cell and the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer be substantially the same. In this case, the birefringence effect of the discotic liquid crystal film is reduced. There is no adverse effect on the display.
【００１６】この場合、例えば前記液晶セルの液晶分子
のツイスト角がほぼ９０°であるときは、一方のディス
コテイック液晶フィルムを、その遅相軸を前記液晶セル
の一方の基板の近傍における液晶分子の配向方向とほぼ
平行にして設け、他方のディスコテイック液晶フィルム
を、その遅相軸を前記液晶セルの他方の基板の近傍にお
ける液晶分子の配向方向とほぼ平行にして設けるのが好
ましい。In this case, for example, when the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal cell is approximately 90 °, one of the discotic liquid crystal films is moved so that the slow axis of the discotic liquid crystal film is shifted toward the liquid crystal near one of the substrates of the liquid crystal cell. It is preferable to provide the other discotic liquid crystal film substantially parallel to the orientation direction of the molecules and to provide the other discotic liquid crystal film with the slow axis thereof substantially parallel to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules near the other substrate of the liquid crystal cell.
【００１７】また、この発明の液晶表示装置において、
入射側の偏光板の入射面側に、垂線に対して所定の方向
に傾いた方向に向けて光を集光する集光性をもった集光
部材を、その集光方向を前記散乱板の散乱角度範囲を含
む方向とは反対の方向に向けて配置すれば、前記散乱板
の散乱角度範囲を含む方向とは反対の方向においても透
過光量が多くなり、その光が２枚のディスコテイック液
晶フィルムを透過して出射側偏光板に入射するから、よ
り広い視野角を得ることができる。Further, in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention,
A light-collecting member having a light-condensing property for condensing light in a direction inclined in a predetermined direction with respect to a vertical line on the incident surface side of the incident-side polarizing plate, the light-condensing direction of the scattering plate If the light is arranged in the direction opposite to the direction including the scattering angle range, the amount of transmitted light is increased even in the direction opposite to the direction including the scattering angle range of the scattering plate, and the light is emitted by two discotic discs. Since the light passes through the liquid crystal film and is incident on the emission-side polarizing plate, a wider viewing angle can be obtained.
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例】図１はこの発明の一実施例を示す液晶表示装
置の分解斜視図である。この液晶表示装置は、液晶の分
子１３ａが一対の基板１１，１２間においてツイスト配
向している液晶セル１０と、光の散乱特性に入射角依存
性を有する散乱板１４と、２枚のディスコテイック液晶
フィルム１５，１６とを、少なくとも前記散乱板１４を
前記液晶セル１０の出射面側に配置して積層し、これら
をはさんでその入射側と出射側とにそれぞれ偏光板１
７，１８を配置し、さらに、前記入射側の偏光板１７の
入射面側に、図示しない光源からの光を所定の方向に向
けて集光する集光部材１９を配置して構成されている。FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. This liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal cell 10 in which liquid crystal molecules 13a are twist-aligned between a pair of substrates 11 and 12, a scattering plate 14 whose light scattering characteristic has an incident angle dependence, and two discote chips. The liquid crystal films 15 and 16 are laminated by disposing at least the scattering plate 14 on the emission surface side of the liquid crystal cell 10, and sandwiching the polarizing plate 1 on each of the incident side and the emission side.
7 and 18, and a light condensing member 19 for condensing light from a light source (not shown) in a predetermined direction on the incident surface side of the polarizing plate 17 on the incident side. .
【００１９】前記液晶セル１０は、ガラス等からなる一
対の透明基板１１，１２の間に液晶層１３を介在入した
ものであり、図では省略しているが、この液晶セル１０
の両基板１１，１２の内面にはそれぞれ、透明な電極が
形成されるとともに、その上に配向膜が設けられてい
る。なお、この一対の基板１１，１２は図示しない枠状
のシール材を介して接合されており、液晶は両基板１
１，１２間の前記シール材で囲まれた領域に封入されて
いる。The liquid crystal cell 10 has a liquid crystal layer 13 interposed between a pair of transparent substrates 11 and 12 made of glass or the like.
Transparent electrodes are formed on the inner surfaces of the two substrates 11 and 12, respectively, and an alignment film is provided thereon. The pair of substrates 11 and 12 are joined via a frame-shaped sealing material (not shown).
It is sealed in a region surrounded by the sealing material between 1 and 12.
【００２０】この液晶は、誘電異方性が正のネマティッ
ク液晶であり、その液晶分子１３ａは、それぞれの基板
１１，１２の近傍における配向方向を前記配向膜で規制
されて、両基板１１，１２間においてツイスト配向して
いる。This liquid crystal is a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy, and its liquid crystal molecules 13a are controlled by the alignment films in the direction of alignment in the vicinity of the substrates 11 and 12, so that the two substrates 11, 12 Twist orientation is between them.
【００２１】また、上記偏光板１７，１８のうち、入射
側の偏光板１７は、その吸収軸１７ａを液晶セル１０の
入射側基板１１の近傍における液晶分子の配向方向１１
ａとほぼ平行にして設けられ、出射側の偏光板１８は、
その吸収軸１８ａを前記液晶セル１０の出射側基板１２
の近傍における液晶分子の配向方向１２ａとほぼ平行に
して設けられており、前記液晶セル１０とこれらの偏光
板１７，１８とによって、ＴＮ型の液晶表示系が構成さ
れている。The polarizing plate 17 on the incident side of the polarizing plates 17 and 18 has its absorption axis 17a oriented in the orientation direction 11 of the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the incident side substrate 11 of the liquid crystal cell 10.
a, and the polarizing plate 18 on the output side is
The absorption axis 18a is connected to the emission side substrate 12 of the liquid crystal cell 10.
The liquid crystal cell 10 and these polarizing plates 17 and 18 constitute a TN type liquid crystal display system.
【００２２】そして、この実施例では、前記液晶セル１
０の液晶分子１３ａのツイスト角をほぼ９０°とすると
ともに、前記ＴＮ型の液晶表示系に固有の視角の方向
（最も高いコントラストが得られる観察方向）Ｆが、こ
の液晶表示系の出射面（液晶表示装置の画面）に垂直な
軸線（以下、垂直軸という）Ｚに対して画面の下縁方向
に僅かに傾いた方向にくるように、液晶セル１０のそれ
ぞれの基板１１，１２の近傍における液晶分子の配向方
向１１ａ，１２ａを設定している。In this embodiment, the liquid crystal cell 1
0, the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules 13a is set to approximately 90 °, and the viewing angle direction (observation direction in which the highest contrast is obtained) F inherent in the TN type liquid crystal display system is determined by the emission surface ( In the vicinity of each of the substrates 11 and 12 of the liquid crystal cell 10, the liquid crystal cell 10 is in a direction slightly inclined toward the lower edge of the screen with respect to an axis (hereinafter, referred to as a vertical axis) Z perpendicular to the screen (the screen of the liquid crystal display device). The orientation directions 11a and 12a of the liquid crystal molecules are set.
【００２３】すなわち、図１に示したように、液晶セル
１０の入射側基板１１の近傍における液晶分子の配向方
向１１ａは、液晶表示装置の画面の横軸Ｘに対して出射
側から見て右回りにほぼ４５°の方向にあり、出射側基
板１２の近傍における液晶分子の配向方向１２ａは、前
記横軸Ｘに対して出射側から見て左回りにほぼ４５°の
方向にあり、液晶分子１３ａは、入射側基板１１から出
射側基板１２に向かい出射側から見て右回りにほぼ９０
°のツイスト角でツイスト配向している。That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the orientation direction 11a of the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the incident side substrate 11 of the liquid crystal cell 10 is rightward with respect to the horizontal axis X of the screen of the liquid crystal display device when viewed from the emission side. And the orientation direction 12a of the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the emission-side substrate 12 is approximately 45 ° counterclockwise as viewed from the emission side with respect to the horizontal axis X. 13a is substantially 90 ° clockwise as viewed from the emission side from the incidence side substrate 11 to the emission side substrate 12.
Twist orientation at a twist angle of °.
【００２４】そして、液晶表示装置の画面の縦軸Ｙに沿
った方向であって、前記垂直軸Ｚから見て画面の下縁方
向を６：００の方向、画面の上縁方向を１２：００の方
向とすると、上記液晶表示系の視角方向Ｆは、画面の縦
軸Ｙと上記垂直軸Ｚとを含む面とほぼ平行で、かつ前記
垂直軸Ｚよりも僅かに６：００の方向に傾いた方向にあ
る。In the direction of the vertical axis Y of the screen of the liquid crystal display device, when viewed from the vertical axis Z, the lower edge direction of the screen is 6:00, and the upper edge direction of the screen is 12:00. , The viewing angle direction F of the liquid crystal display system is substantially parallel to a plane including the vertical axis Y of the screen and the vertical axis Z, and is slightly inclined at 6:00 from the vertical axis Z. Direction.
【００２５】一方、上記散乱板１４は、その板面に沿っ
た特定の方向を含む面であって散乱板の垂線に対する角
度が互いに異なる２つの面ではさまれた散乱角度範囲Ｓ
をもち、この散乱角度範囲内の入射角で入射した光を散
乱させて出射し、前記散乱角度範囲外の入射角で入射し
た光はほとんど散乱させることなく高い透過率で出射す
る特性をもっている。On the other hand, the scattering plate 14 is a surface including a specific direction along the plate surface, and has a scattering angle range S between two surfaces having different angles from the perpendicular to the scattering plate.
The light incident at an incident angle within the scattering angle range is scattered and emitted, and the light incident at an incident angle outside the scattering angle range is emitted with high transmittance with little scattering.
【００２６】このような散乱特性を有する散乱板として
は、種々の特性のものが知られているが、この液晶表示
装置では、前記散乱板１４として、散乱角度範囲Ｓが散
乱板の垂線に対して一方の方向にあるものを用い、この
散乱板１４を、その垂線を上記液晶表示系の垂直軸Ｚに
一致させるとともに、前記散乱角度範囲Ｓを含む方向
（前記一方の方向）を、視野角を広げたい方向に向けて
設けている。なお、この実施例の液晶表示装置では、上
記ＴＮ型の液晶表示系がもっている固有の視角方向Ｆを
含む方向が視野角を広げたい方向である。Various types of scattering plates having such scattering characteristics are known, but in this liquid crystal display device, the scattering plate 14 has a scattering angle range S that is perpendicular to the scattering plate. The scattering plate 14 is arranged in such a manner that its perpendicular line coincides with the vertical axis Z of the liquid crystal display system, and the direction including the scattering angle range S (the one direction) is changed to the viewing angle. Is provided in the direction that you want to spread. In the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment, the direction including the unique viewing angle direction F of the TN type liquid crystal display system is the direction in which the viewing angle is to be widened.
【００２７】すなわち、この散乱板１４の散乱角度範囲
Ｓは、画面の縦軸Ｙと上記垂直軸Ｚとを含む面とほぼ平
行であって前記垂直軸Ｚから見て６：００の方向（画面
の下縁方向）を向いた方向にあり、その散乱角度範囲Ｓ
を規定する前記２つの面は、画面の横軸Ｘを含む面であ
る。That is, the scattering angle range S of the scattering plate 14 is substantially parallel to a plane including the vertical axis Y of the screen and the vertical axis Z, and the direction of 6:00 when viewed from the vertical axis Z (screen). And the scattering angle range S
Are the surfaces including the horizontal axis X of the screen.
【００２８】また、この実施例では、上記液晶表示系
を、上記垂直軸Ｚに対して一方の方向（６：００の方
向）に２°〜５°程度傾いた方向に視角がくるように設
計し、前記散乱板１４として、その散乱角度範囲Ｓを規
定する２つの面のうちの第１の面が、散乱板の垂線（垂
直軸Ｚと同じ）に対して前記一方の方向（６：００の方
向）に０°〜約２０°の範囲の方向にあり、第２の面
が、前記垂線に対して前記一方の方向に前記第１の面を
越える角度で傾いた方向にあって、散乱角度範囲Ｓが約
３０°〜約５０°であるものを用いている。In this embodiment, the liquid crystal display system is designed so that the viewing angle is in a direction inclined by about 2 ° to 5 ° in one direction (direction of 6:00) with respect to the vertical axis Z. Then, as the scattering plate 14, the first surface of the two surfaces defining the scattering angle range S is in the one direction (6:00) with respect to the perpendicular (same as the vertical axis Z) of the scattering plate. Direction) in the range of 0 ° to about 20 °, and the second surface is inclined at an angle exceeding the first surface in the one direction with respect to the perpendicular, and An angle range S of about 30 ° to about 50 ° is used.
【００２９】また、上記ディスコテイック液晶フィルム
１５，１６は、分子形状が円板状をなしている高分子液
晶からなる特殊な位相差フィルムであって、円板状分子
が、フィルムの一方の面から他方の面に向かってほぼ水
平に倒伏した状態からほぼ垂直に立上がるように順次姿
勢を変えて配向しているとともに、これらの円板状分子
の姿勢変化の中心軸線（円板状分子のフィルム面に平行
な直径方向）がほぼ平行な方向にあるものであり、前記
円板状分子の姿勢変化の中心軸線に沿った方向が遅相
軸、それと直交する方向（フィルム面に沿った方向）が
進相軸である。Each of the discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 is a special retardation film made of a polymer liquid crystal having a disk-shaped molecular shape. The orientation of the discotic molecules is changed so that they rise from the horizontal surface to the other surface and then rise almost vertically from the horizontal plane. The direction along the central axis of the posture change of the discotic molecules is the slow axis, and the direction perpendicular to the slow axis (the direction along the film surface) is the direction parallel to the film surface. Direction) is the fast axis.
【００３０】上記２枚のディスコテイック液晶フィルム
１５，１６のうち、一方のディスコテイック液晶フィル
ム１６は、液晶セル１０の入射側に配置されており、他
方のディスコテイック液晶フィルム１７は、液晶セル１
０の出射側に、上記散乱板１４の出射面に重ねて配置さ
れている。One of the two discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 is disposed on the incident side of the liquid crystal cell 10, and the other discotic liquid crystal film 17 is disposed on the incident side of the liquid crystal cell 10. Liquid crystal cell 1
The light-exiting side of the light-scattering plate 14 is disposed on the light-exiting side of the light-scattering plate 14.
【００３１】そして、この液晶表示装置では、上記２枚
のディスコテイック液晶フィルム１５，１６を、円板状
分子の配向状態が同じである面同士、例えば円板状分子
がほぼ垂直に配向している側の面同士を互いに向き合わ
せるとともに、それぞれの遅相軸を互いにほぼ直交させ
て設けている。In this liquid crystal display device, the two discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 are oriented such that the surfaces of the discotic molecules have the same orientation state, for example, the discotic molecules are oriented almost vertically. The surfaces on the opposite sides face each other, and the respective slow axes are provided substantially orthogonal to each other.
【００３２】図１において、１５ａ，１６ａは上記２枚
のディスコテイック液晶フィルム１５，１６の遅相軸を
示しており、この実施例では、液晶セル１０の入射面側
に配置したディスコテイック液晶フィルム１５を、その
遅相軸を１５ａを画面の横軸Ｘに対して出射側から見て
右回りにほぼ４５°の方向に向けて設け、液晶セル１０
の出射面側に配置したディスコテイック液晶フィルム１
６を、その遅相軸を１６ａを前記横軸Ｘに対して出射側
から見て左回りにほぼ４５°の方向に向けて設けてい
る。In FIG. 1, reference numerals 15a and 16a denote slow axes of the two discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16, respectively. In this embodiment, discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 are arranged on the incident surface side of the liquid crystal cell 10. The liquid crystal film 15 is provided with its slow axis 15a oriented approximately 45 ° clockwise with respect to the horizontal axis X of the screen when viewed from the emission side.
Discotic liquid crystal film 1 arranged on the exit surface side of
6 is provided with its slow axis 16a oriented approximately 45 ° counterclockwise with respect to the horizontal axis X when viewed from the emission side.
【００３３】すなわち、この実施例では、２枚のディス
コテイック液晶フィルム１５，１６を上記のようにして
設けることにより、それぞれの遅相軸１５ａ，１６ａを
互いにほぼ直交させるとともに、入射面側のディスコテ
イック液晶フィルム１５の遅相軸１５ａを液晶セル１０
の入射側基板１１の近傍における液晶分子の配向方向１
１ａとほぼ平行にし、出射面側のディスコテイック液晶
フィルム１６の遅相軸１６ａを液晶セル１０の出射側基
板１２の近傍における液晶分子の配向方向１２ａとほぼ
平行にしている。That is, in this embodiment, by providing the two discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 as described above, the respective slow axes 15a and 16a are made substantially orthogonal to each other, and at the same time, The slow axis 15a of the discotic liquid crystal film 15 is
Orientation direction 1 of liquid crystal molecules near the incident side substrate 11
1a, and the slow axis 16a of the discotic liquid crystal film 16 on the emission surface side is made substantially parallel to the orientation direction 12a of the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the emission side substrate 12 of the liquid crystal cell 10.
【００３４】さらに、この実施例では、上記２枚のディ
スコテイック液晶フィルム１５，１６のそれぞれの液晶
の屈折率異方性Δｎ′とフィルム厚ｄ′との積Δｎ′・
ｄ′の値のトータル値が、液晶セル１９の液晶の屈折率
異方性Δｎと液晶層厚ｄとの積Δｎ・ｄの値とほぼ同じ
になるように、各ディスコテイック液晶フィルム１５，
１６のΔｎ′・ｄ′値を設定している。Furthermore, in this embodiment, the product Δn ′ · product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn ′ of the liquid crystal of each of the two discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 and the film thickness d ′.
Each discotic liquid crystal film 15, d is so set that the total value of d ′ is substantially the same as the product Δn · d of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal cell 19 and the liquid crystal layer thickness d.
16 Δn ′ · d ′ values are set.
【００３５】また、入射側の偏光板１７の入射面側に配
置された集光部材１９は、例えば、アクリル樹脂等から
なる透明シートの表面（出射面）全体に、微細幅の横長
プリズム部１９ａをその幅方向に連続させて形成したプ
リズムシートであり、この集光部材１９は、その垂線に
対して所定の方向に傾いた方向に向けて光を集光する集
光性をもっている。The light condensing member 19 disposed on the incident surface side of the polarizing plate 17 on the incident side covers the entire surface (outgoing surface) of a transparent sheet made of, for example, acrylic resin, etc. Are formed continuously in the width direction of the prism sheet, and the light condensing member 19 has a light condensing property for condensing light in a direction inclined in a predetermined direction with respect to a perpendicular to the prism sheet.
【００３６】図２は上記集光部材１９の一部分の拡大図
であり、その各プリズム部１９ａは、図に破線で示した
通常のプリズム形状に対して、その頂点をプリズムの中
心垂直線Ｈから所定の傾き角θだけ一側に偏らせた断面
形状をなしている。なお、前記傾き角θは５°〜３０°
であり、プリズム部１９ａの頂角αは６０°〜８５°で
ある。FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of the light condensing member 19. Each prism portion 19a has its vertex in the normal prism shape shown by a broken line in FIG. It has a cross-sectional shape deviated to one side by a predetermined tilt angle θ. Note that the inclination angle θ is 5 ° to 30 °.
And the vertex angle α of the prism portion 19a is 60 ° to 85 °.
【００３７】すなわち、上記集光部材１９は、図示しな
い光源からの入射光を各プリズム部１９ａにより図２に
矢線で示したように屈折させて出射するものであり、そ
の垂線（プリズムの中心垂直線Ｈ）に対して所定の方向
に傾いた方向に向けて光を集光する集光性を有してい
る。That is, the condensing member 19 refracts incident light from a light source (not shown) by each prism portion 19a as shown by an arrow in FIG. 2 and emits the refracted light. It has a light collecting property of collecting light in a direction inclined in a predetermined direction with respect to the vertical line H).
【００３８】この集光部材１９は、その垂線を上記液晶
表示系の垂直軸Ｚに一致させるとともに、各プリズム部
１９ａの長さ方向を画面の横軸Ｘとほぼ平行にし、集光
方向を上記散乱板１４の散乱角度範囲Ｓを含む方向
（６：００の方向）とは反対の方向（１２：００の方
向）に向けて配置されている。The light condensing member 19 has its perpendicular line coincident with the vertical axis Z of the liquid crystal display system, the length direction of each prism portion 19a is substantially parallel to the horizontal axis X of the screen, and the light condensing direction is set as described above. The scattering plate 14 is arranged in a direction opposite to the direction including the scattering angle range S (direction of 6:00) (direction of 12:00).
【００３９】図３は上記集光部材１９の観察角−輝度特
性を示しており、この集光部材１９は、同図に破線で示
した通常のプリズムシート（図２に破線で示したプリズ
ム形状のもの）の観察角−輝度特性に比べて、観察角
（集光部材の垂線に対する角度）が０°の付近から観察
したときの出射光の輝度がある程度低くなり、また、
６：００の方向（散乱板１４の散乱角度範囲Ｓを含む方
向）から観察したときは、通常のプリズムシートに比べ
て充分な輝度が得られる観察角範囲が若干狭くなるが、
１２：００の方向、つまり散乱板１４の散乱角度範囲Ｓ
を含む方向とは反対の方向から観察したときの出射光の
輝度は、広い観察角にわたって観察角０°の付近の輝度
とほとんど変わらない。FIG. 3 shows an observation angle-luminance characteristic of the light-collecting member 19. The light-collecting member 19 is formed by a normal prism sheet shown by a broken line in FIG. ), The brightness of the emitted light when viewed from around 0 ° is relatively low, as compared with the observation angle-luminance characteristic of
When observed from the direction of 6:00 (the direction including the scattering angle range S of the scattering plate 14), the observation angle range in which sufficient luminance is obtained is slightly narrower than that of a normal prism sheet.
12:00 direction, that is, the scattering angle range S of the scattering plate 14
Is almost the same as the luminance near the observation angle 0 ° over a wide observation angle.
【００４０】なお、上記光源は、例えば、アクリル導光
樹脂等からなる透明な導光板の一側または両側の端面に
それぞれ対向させて直管状蛍光ランプ等の光源ランプを
配置してなる面光源であり、前記光源ランプを前記導光
板にその端面から取り込み、その光を導光板で導いて、
この導光板の表面から出射するものである。The light source is, for example, a surface light source in which a light source lamp such as a straight tube fluorescent lamp is disposed so as to face one or both end surfaces of a transparent light guide plate made of an acrylic light guide resin or the like. Yes, the light source lamp is taken into the light guide plate from its end face, and the light is guided by the light guide plate,
The light is emitted from the surface of the light guide plate.
【００４１】この液晶表示装置によれば、液晶セル１０
を出射して散乱板１４に入射した光のうち、この散乱板
１４の散乱角度範囲Ｓ内の入射角で入射した光が散乱さ
れて出射するため、前記散乱板１４を、その散乱角度範
囲Ｓを含む方向を所定の方向、つまり視野角を広げたい
方向に向けて設けて、その方向への出射光を散乱させて
やれば、階調の反転が生じない表示が得られる光の出射
角範囲が広くなる。According to this liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal cell 10
Out of the light incident on the scattering plate 14 is scattered and emitted from the scattering plate 14 at an incident angle within the scattering angle range S of the scattering plate 14, so that the scattering plate 14 Is provided in a predetermined direction, that is, a direction in which the viewing angle is desired to be widened, and if light emitted in that direction is scattered, a light emission angle range in which display in which gradation inversion does not occur is obtained. Becomes wider.
【００４２】しかも、この液晶表示装置では、入射側の
偏光板１７を透過して入射した光が、遅相軸１５ａ，１
６ａを互いにほぼ直交させて配置した２枚のディスコテ
イック液晶フィルム１５，１６を透過して出射側偏光板
１８に入射するため、これらのディスコテイック液晶フ
ィルム１５，１６の複屈折作用により、階調の反転が生
じない表示が得られる光の出射角範囲が、前記散乱板１
４の散乱作用による範囲よりもさらに全周方向に広くな
るとともに、黒レベルが低く押さえられてコントラスト
が高くなる。Moreover, in this liquid crystal display device, the light that has passed through the polarizing plate 17 on the incident side and has entered the slow axis 15a, 1
6a are transmitted through the two discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 arranged substantially orthogonal to each other and enter the output-side polarizing plate 18, so that the birefringence of the discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 causes The light emission angle range in which a display in which gradation inversion does not occur is obtained depends on the scattering plate 1.
In addition to being wider in the entire circumferential direction than the range due to the scattering action of No. 4, the black level is suppressed low and the contrast is increased.
【００４３】図４は上記ＴＮ型の液晶表示系だけを備え
た表示装置の観察角−透過率特性図、図５は前記液晶表
示系に上記散乱板１４を付加した表示装置の観察角−透
過率特性図、図６は前記液晶表示系に２枚のディスコテ
イック液晶フィルム１５，１６を付加した表示装置の観
察角−透過率特性図、図７は前記液晶表示系に散乱板１
４と２枚のディスコテイック液晶フィルム１５，１６と
を付加した表示装置の観察角−透過率特性図であり、い
ずれの図においても、（ａ）は液晶表示系の垂直軸Ｚに
対して６：００の方向から観察したときの特性を示し、
（ｂ）は前記垂直軸Ｚに対して１２：００の方向から観
察したときの特性を示している。FIG. 4 is an observation angle-transmittance characteristic diagram of a display device having only the TN type liquid crystal display system, and FIG. 5 is an observation angle-transmission ratio characteristic of a display device in which the scattering plate 14 is added to the liquid crystal display system. FIG. 6 is an observation angle-transmittance characteristic diagram of a display device in which two discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 are added to the liquid crystal display system, and FIG. 7 is a scattering plate 1 in the liquid crystal display system.
FIG. 7 is an observation angle-transmittance characteristic diagram of a display device to which four and two discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 are added. In each of the drawings, (a) is a graph with respect to a vertical axis Z of the liquid crystal display system. The characteristics when observed from the direction of 6:00 are shown,
(B) shows the characteristics when observed from the direction of 12:00 with respect to the vertical axis Z.
【００４４】これらの表示装置の観察角−透過率特性を
比較すると、液晶表示系だけを備えた表示装置の６：０
０の方向における特性は、図４の（ａ）のように、約３
０°の観察角までは黒レベルの浮き上がりが小さいが、
観察角が約１５°を越えると、低階調の側に階調の反転
が生じる特性であり、１２：００の方向における特性
は、図４の（ｂ）のように、１８°程度の観察角までは
階調の反転を生じないが、観察角が約１０°を越えると
黒レベルが急激に浮き上がる特性である。A comparison of the viewing angle-transmittance characteristics of these display devices shows that the display device having only a liquid crystal display system has a 6: 0 ratio.
The characteristic in the direction of 0 is about 3 as shown in FIG.
Up to the observation angle of 0 °, the floating of the black level is small,
When the viewing angle exceeds about 15 °, the gray scale is inverted on the low gray scale side, and the characteristic in the direction of 12:00 is about 18 ° as shown in FIG. The gray level is not inverted up to the corner, but when the viewing angle exceeds about 10 °, the black level rapidly rises.
【００４５】次に、上記液晶表示系に散乱板１４を付加
した表示装置の観察角−透過率特性を見ると、その６：
００の方向における特性は、図５の（ａ）のように、約
４５°の観察角までは階調の反転がなく、また３０°を
越える観察角にわたって黒レベルの浮き上がりが小さい
特性であり、したがって、６：００の方向の視野角は上
記液晶表示系だけを備えた表示装置に比べて大幅に改善
される。Next, looking at the viewing angle-transmittance characteristic of the display device in which the scattering plate 14 is added to the above-mentioned liquid crystal display system, the sixth is:
As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the characteristics in the direction of 00 are such that there is no gradation inversion up to an observation angle of about 45 °, and the floating of the black level is small over an observation angle of more than 30 °. Therefore, the viewing angle in the direction of 6:00 is greatly improved as compared with a display device having only the liquid crystal display system.
【００４６】しかし、この表示装置は、１２：００の方
向における特性が、図５の（ｂ）のように、上記液晶表
示系だけを備えた表示装置とあまり変わらない特性であ
り、階調の反転を生じない観察角範囲は僅かに広くはな
るものの、観察角が約１０°を越えると黒レベルが急激
に浮き上がる。However, the characteristics of this display device in the direction of 12:00 are not so different from those of the display device having only the liquid crystal display system as shown in FIG. Although the viewing angle range in which inversion does not occur is slightly widened, when the viewing angle exceeds about 10 °, the black level rises sharply.
【００４７】また、上記液晶表示系に２枚のディスコテ
イック液晶フィルム１５，１６を付加した表示装置の観
察角−透過率特性を見ると、その６：００の方向におけ
る特性は、図６の（ａ）のように、３０°近くの観察角
までは階調の反転がなく、また４０°を越える観察角に
わたって黒レベルの浮き上がりが小さい特性であり、し
たがって、６：００の方向の視野角は、液晶表示系だけ
を備えた表示装置に比べれば良いが、図５の（ａ）に示
した特性、つまり散乱板１４を付加した表示装置の６：
００の方向の観察角−透過率特性に比べると、階調の反
転を生じない観察角範囲が小さい。When viewing the viewing angle-transmittance characteristics of a display device in which two discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 are added to the liquid crystal display system, the characteristics in the direction of 6:00 are as shown in FIG. As shown in (a), there is no gradation inversion up to an observation angle close to 30 °, and the floating of the black level is small over an observation angle exceeding 40 °, and therefore, the viewing angle in the direction of 6:00. Is better than a display device having only a liquid crystal display system. However, the characteristic shown in FIG. 5A, that is, 6:
Compared with the viewing angle-transmittance characteristic in the direction of 00, the viewing angle range in which no grayscale inversion occurs is smaller.
【００４８】しかし、この２枚のディスコテイック液晶
フィルム１５，１６を付加した表示装置の１２：００の
方向における特性は、図６の（ｂ）のように、階調の反
転を生じない観察角範囲が２０°近くまで広がり、ま
た、黒レベルの浮き上がりも３０°を越える観察角にわ
たって小さいため、１２：００の方向の視野角は、上記
散乱板１４を付加しただけの表示装置に比べて改善され
る。However, the characteristics in the direction of 12:00 of the display device to which the two discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 are added, as shown in FIG. Since the angle range is widened to nearly 20 °, and the floating of the black level is small over the observation angle exceeding 30 °, the viewing angle in the direction of 12:00 is smaller than that of the display device in which the scattering plate 14 is simply added. Be improved.
【００４９】これらの表示装置の特性に対して、上記液
晶表示系に散乱板１４と２枚のディスコテイック液晶フ
ィルム１５，１６とを付加した表示装置の６：００の方
向における特性は、図７の（ａ）のように、５０°近く
の広い観察角範囲にわたって階調の反転がなく、また５
０°近くまでの広い観察角にわたって黒レベルの浮き上
がりが小さい特性であり、したがって、６：００の方向
の視野角が、上記液晶表示系に散乱板１４を付加しただ
けのものよりもさらに良くなる。In contrast to the characteristics of these display devices, the characteristics of the display device in which the scattering plate 14 and the two discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 are added to the liquid crystal display system in the direction of 6:00 are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 7 (a), there is no gradation inversion over a wide observation angle range near 50 °.
The characteristic is that the rise of the black level is small over a wide observation angle up to near 0 °, and thus the viewing angle in the direction of 6:00 is even better than that obtained by simply adding the scattering plate 14 to the liquid crystal display system. .
【００５０】ただし、この表示装置の１２：００の方向
における特性は、図７の（ｂ）のように、３０°程度の
観察角までは黒レベルの浮き上がりが小さいものの、観
察角が約１２°を越えると高階調の側に階調の反転が生
じる特性である。However, as shown in FIG. 7B, the characteristics of this display device in the direction of 12:00 are such that although the black level rise is small up to an observation angle of about 30 °, the observation angle is about 12 °. Exceeds the threshold value, the gradation is inverted on the high gradation side.
【００５１】しかし、液晶表示装置に求められる視野角
の改善は、主に、液晶表示系がもっている固有の視角方
向Ｆへの視野角を広げることであり、上述したように視
角方向Ｆが垂直軸Ｚから６：００の方向にくるように設
計した液晶表示系を用いる液晶表示装置の場合は前記
６：００の方向の視野角を広くすることである。However, the improvement of the viewing angle required for the liquid crystal display device is mainly to widen the viewing angle in the viewing direction F inherent to the liquid crystal display system. In the case of a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal display system designed to be in the direction of 6:00 from the axis Z, the viewing angle in the direction of 6:00 is to be widened.
【００５２】したがって、上記液晶表示系に散乱板１４
と２枚のディスコテイック液晶フィルム１５，１６を付
加した表示装置によれば、液晶の分子１３ａが一対の基
板１１，１２間においてツイスト配向している液晶セル
１０を用いるものでありながら、コントラストが充分で
しかも階調反転のない良好な表示を観察できる観察角範
囲を６：００の方向および１２：００の方向のいずれに
も大きくして、広視野角化を実現することができる。Therefore, the scattering plate 14 is provided in the liquid crystal display system.
According to the display device in which the liquid crystal molecules 13a are twisted between the pair of substrates 11 and 12, the contrast is increased. And the viewing angle range in which good display without gradation inversion can be observed is increased in both the direction of 6:00 and the direction of 12:00 to realize a wide viewing angle.
【００５３】なお、前記２枚のディスコテイック液晶フ
ィルム１５，１６は、それぞれのΔｎ′・ｄ′の値のト
ータル値が、液晶セル１０のΔｎ・ｄの値とほぼ同じで
あるため、これらのディスコテイック液晶フィルム１
５，１６の複屈折作用が表示に悪影響を及ぼすことはな
い。Since the two discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 have substantially the same total value of Δn ′ · d ′ as the value of Δn · d of the liquid crystal cell 10, Disco Liquid Crystal Film 1
The birefringence of 5, 16 does not adversely affect the display.
【００５４】そして、上記実施例では、上記液晶表示系
に散乱板１４と２枚のディスコテイック液晶フィルム１
５，１６を付加し、さらに入射側の偏光板１７の入射面
側に、垂線に対して所定の方向に傾いた方向に向けて光
を集光する集光性をもった集光部材１９を、その集光方
向を前記散乱板１４の散乱角度範囲Ｓを含む方向とは反
対の方向に向けて配置しているため、前記散乱板１４の
散乱角度範囲Ｓを含む方向とは反対の方向においても透
過光量が多くなり、その光が２枚のディスコテイック液
晶フィルムを透過して出射側偏光板に入射するから、液
晶表示系に散乱板１４と２枚のディスコテイック液晶フ
ィルム１５，１６だけを付加したものよりも、さらに広
い視野角を得ることができる。In the above embodiment, the scattering plate 14 and the two discotic liquid crystal films 1 were added to the liquid crystal display system.
5 and 16, and a light-collecting member 19 having a light-condensing property for condensing light in a direction inclined in a predetermined direction with respect to a perpendicular to the incident surface side of the polarizing plate 17 on the incident side. Since the light-condensing direction is arranged in the direction opposite to the direction including the scattering angle range S of the scattering plate 14, the light-collecting direction is opposite to the direction including the scattering angle range S of the scattering plate 14. Since the amount of transmitted light also increases, and the light is transmitted through the two discotic liquid crystal films and enters the output side polarizing plate, the scattering plate 14 and the two discotic liquid crystal films 15, 16 are provided to the liquid crystal display system. It is possible to obtain a wider viewing angle than that obtained by adding only.
【００５５】図８は、上記液晶表示系に散乱板１４と２
枚のディスコテイック液晶フィルム１５，１６とを付加
し、さらに入射側の偏光板１７の入射面側に上記集光部
材１９を配置した表示装置の観察角−透過率特性図であ
り、（ａ）は液晶表示系の垂直軸Ｚに対して６：００の
方向から観察したときの特性を示し、（ｂ）は前記垂直
軸Ｚに対して１２：００の方向から観察したときの特性
を示している。FIG. 8 shows that the scattering plates 14 and 2 are provided in the liquid crystal display system.
FIG. 9 is an observation angle-transmittance characteristic diagram of a display device in which two discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 are added, and the light collecting member 19 is arranged on the incident surface side of the polarizing plate 17 on the incident side. ) Shows the characteristics when observed from the direction of 6:00 with respect to the vertical axis Z of the liquid crystal display system, and (b) shows the characteristics when observed from the direction of 12:00 with respect to the vertical axis Z. ing.
【００５６】この表示装置の６：００の方向における特
性は、図８の（ａ）のように、５０°近くの観察角範囲
にわたって、階調の反転がなくしかも黒レベルの浮き上
がりも小さい特性であり、さらに１２：００の方向にお
ける特性も、図８の（ｂ）のように、１８°程度の観察
角までは階調の反転がなく、また３０°程度観察角まで
は黒レベルの浮き上がりも小さい特性である。As shown in FIG. 8A, the characteristics of this display device in the direction of 6:00 are such that there is no grayscale inversion and a small rise in the black level over an observation angle range close to 50 °. In addition, in the characteristic in the direction of 12:00, as shown in FIG. 8B, there is no gradation inversion up to an observation angle of about 18 °, and the black level rises up to an observation angle of about 30 °. It is a small characteristic.
【００５７】なお、上記実施例では、入射側の偏光板の
入射面側に、垂線に対して所定の方向に傾いた方向に向
けて光を集光する集光性をもった集光部材１９を設けて
いるが、この集光部材１９は無くてもよいし、また、図
３に破線で示したような観察角−輝度特性を有する通常
のプリズムシートとしてもよく、その場合でも、図７に
示したような観察角−透過率特性が得られる。In the above embodiment, the light-collecting member 19 having a light-collecting property for condensing light in a direction inclined in a predetermined direction with respect to the perpendicular is provided on the incident surface side of the polarizing plate on the incident side. However, the condensing member 19 may be omitted, or a normal prism sheet having an observation angle-luminance characteristic as shown by a broken line in FIG. 3 may be provided. The observation angle-transmittance characteristics shown in FIG.
【００５８】また、上記実施例の液晶表示装置は、その
画面の下縁方向、つまり６：００の方向の視野角を広く
したものであるが、視野角を広くする方向は液晶表示装
置の用途に応じて選択すればよく、その場合も、散乱板
１４を、その散乱角度範囲Ｓを含む方向を、液晶セル１
０と入射側および出射側の偏光板１１７，１８とからな
る液晶表示系がもっている固有の視角方向Ｆを含む方向
に向けて設ければ、前記液晶表示系の視角方向Ｆを含む
方向の視野角を広くすることができる。In the liquid crystal display device of the above embodiment, the viewing angle in the lower edge direction of the screen, that is, in the direction of 6:00, is widened. In this case as well, the scattering plate 14 is oriented in a direction including the scattering angle range S in the liquid crystal cell 1.
If it is provided in a direction including the unique viewing angle direction F of the liquid crystal display system having the liquid crystal display system including the zero and the polarizing plates 117 and 18 on the incident side and the output side, the view in the direction including the viewing angle direction F of the liquid crystal display system is provided. The corners can be widened.
【００５９】なお、その場合も、前記液晶表示系は、そ
の出射面（液晶表示装置の画面）の垂線に対して一方の
方向に２°〜５°程度傾いた方向に視角がくるように設
計し、前記散乱板１４として、その散乱角度範囲Ｓを規
定する前記２つの面のうちの第１の面が、散乱板１４の
垂線に対して前記一方の方向に０°〜約２０°の範囲の
方向にあり、第２の面が、前記垂線に対して前記一方の
方向に前記第１の面を越える角度で傾いた方向にあっ
て、前記散乱角度範囲が約３０°〜約５０°であるもの
を用いるのが望ましい。In this case as well, the liquid crystal display system is designed such that the viewing angle is in a direction inclined by about 2 ° to 5 ° in one direction with respect to a perpendicular line of the emission surface (the screen of the liquid crystal display device). The first surface of the two surfaces defining the scattering angle range S of the scattering plate 14 is in a range of 0 ° to about 20 ° in the one direction with respect to a perpendicular to the scattering plate 14. And the second surface is in a direction inclined with respect to the perpendicular to the one direction at an angle exceeding the first surface, and the scattering angle range is about 30 ° to about 50 °. It is desirable to use some.
【００６０】また、上記実施例では、液晶セル１０の液
晶分子１３ａのツイスト角をほぼ９０°としたが、この
ツイスト角は９０°に限られるものではなく、また、液
晶表示系も、ＴＮ型に限らず、液晶セルの液晶分子を１
８０°〜２７０°のツイスト角でツイスト配向させたＳ
ＴＮ（スーパーツイステッドネマティック）型のもので
あってもよい。Further, in the above embodiment, the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules 13a of the liquid crystal cell 10 was set to approximately 90 °, but the twist angle is not limited to 90 °, and the liquid crystal display system is also TN type. The liquid crystal molecule of the liquid crystal cell is not limited to 1
S twist-oriented at a twist angle of 80 ° to 270 °
It may be of the TN (super twisted nematic) type.
【００６１】なお、その場合でも、２枚のディスコテイ
ック液晶フィルム１５，１６は、それぞれのΔｎ′・
ｄ′の値のトータル値が、前記液晶セルのΔｎ・ｄの値
とほぼ同じであるものが望ましく、このようにすれば、
ディスコテイック液晶フィルムの複屈折作用が表示に悪
影響を及ぼすことはない。In this case as well, the two discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 are provided with respective Δn ′ ·
It is desirable that the total value of d ′ is substantially the same as the value of Δn · d of the liquid crystal cell.
The birefringence of the discotic liquid crystal film does not adversely affect the display.
【００６２】また、上記実施例では、液晶セル１０の出
射側に配置したディスコテイック液晶フィルム１６を、
散乱板１４の出射面に重ねて配置したが、このディスコ
テイック液晶フィルム１６は、前記散乱板１４の入射面
側に配置してもよい。In the above embodiment, the discotic liquid crystal film 16 disposed on the light exit side of the liquid crystal cell 10 is
The discotic liquid crystal film 16 may be arranged on the incident surface side of the scattering plate 14, although the discotic liquid crystal film 16 is arranged so as to overlap the emission surface of the scattering plate 14.
【００６３】さらに、前記２枚のディスコテイック液晶
フィルム１５，１６は、その両方を液晶セル１０の入射
側または出射側に配置してもよく、さらに両方のディス
コテイック液晶フィルム１５，１６を液晶セル１０の出
射側に配置する場合は、これらのディスコテイック液晶
フィルム１５，１６の間に散乱板１４を配置しても、２
枚のディスコテイック液晶フィルム１５，１６を積層し
てそのいずれかの面に散乱板１４を配置してもよい。Further, both of the two discotic liquid crystal films 15, 16 may be arranged on the incident side or the outgoing side of the liquid crystal cell 10, and both discotic liquid crystal films 15, 16 may be disposed. When the scattering plate 14 is arranged between the discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 when the scattering plate is arranged on the emission side of the liquid crystal cell 10,
The discotic liquid crystal films 15 and 16 may be laminated, and the scattering plate 14 may be arranged on any one of the surfaces.
【００６４】[0064]
【発明の効果】この発明の液晶表示装置によれば、液晶
セルを出射して前記散乱板に入射した光のうち、この散
乱板の散乱角度範囲内の入射角で入射した光が散乱され
て出射するため、前記散乱板を、その散乱角度範囲を含
む方向を所定の方向、つまり視野角を広げたい方向に向
けて設けて、その方向への出射光を散乱させてやれば、
階調の反転が生じない表示が得られる光の出射角範囲が
広くなるし、また、入射側の偏光板を透過して入射した
光が、遅相軸を互いにほぼ直交させて配置した２枚のデ
ィスコテイック液晶フィルムを透過して出射側偏光板に
入射するため、これらのディスコテイック液晶フィルム
の複屈折作用により、階調の反転が生じない表示が得ら
れる光の出射角範囲が、前記散乱板の散乱作用による範
囲よりもさらに全周方向に広くなるとともに、黒レベル
が低く押さえられてコントラストが高くなるから、液晶
の分子が一対の基板間においてツイスト配向している液
晶セルを用いるものでありながら、コントラストが充分
でしかも階調反転のない良好な表示を観察できる観察角
範囲を大きくして、広視野角化を実現することができ
る。According to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, of the light emitted from the liquid crystal cell and incident on the scattering plate, the light incident at an incident angle within the scattering angle range of the scattering plate is scattered. In order to emit the light, if the scattering plate is provided with a direction including the scattering angle range in a predetermined direction, that is, in a direction in which the viewing angle is to be widened, and scatters the emitted light in that direction,
The emission angle range of light from which a display in which gradation inversion does not occur can be widened, and the light transmitted through the incident-side polarizing plate and incident thereon has two slow axes arranged substantially orthogonal to each other. Since the light is transmitted through the discotic liquid crystal film and is incident on the emission-side polarizing plate, the birefringence effect of these discotic liquid crystal films makes it possible to obtain a light emission angle range in which display without inversion of gradation is obtained. A liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal molecules are twist-aligned between a pair of substrates is used because the width becomes wider in the entire circumferential direction than the range due to the scattering action of the scattering plate, and the black level is suppressed low to increase the contrast. In spite of this, it is possible to widen the viewing angle range in which a favorable display with sufficient contrast and no grayscale inversion can be observed, and a wide viewing angle can be realized.
【００６５】この発明の液晶表示装置において、前記散
乱板は、その散乱角度範囲を含む方向を、前記液晶セル
と入射側および出射側の偏光板とからなる液晶表示系が
もっている固有の視角方向を含む方向に向けて設けるの
が好ましく、このようにすれば、前記液晶表示系の視角
方向を含む方向の視野角を広くすることができる。In the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the scattering plate has a direction including a scattering angle range, which is a unique viewing angle direction provided by a liquid crystal display system including the liquid crystal cell and the incident side and the exit side polarizing plates. It is preferable to provide the liquid crystal display system in the direction including the viewing angle. In this case, the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display system in the direction including the viewing angle direction can be widened.
【００６６】さらに、前記２枚のディスコテイック液晶
フィルムは、それぞれの液晶の屈折率異方性Δｎ′とフ
ィルム厚ｄ′との積Δｎ′・ｄ′の値のトータル値が、
前記液晶セルの液晶の屈折率異方性Δｎと液晶層厚ｄと
の積Δｎ・ｄの値とほぼ同じであるものが望ましく、こ
のようにすれば、ディスコテイック液晶フィルムの複屈
折作用が表示に悪影響を及ぼすことはない。Further, in the two discotic liquid crystal films, the total value of the product Δn ′ · d ′ of the refractive index anisotropy Δn ′ of each liquid crystal and the film thickness d ′ is:
It is desirable that the value of the product Δn · d of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal cell and the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer be substantially the same. In this case, the birefringence effect of the discotic liquid crystal film is reduced. There is no adverse effect on the display.
【００６７】また、この発明の液晶表示装置において、
入射側の偏光板の入射面側に、垂線に対して所定の方向
に傾いた方向に向けて光を集光する集光性をもった集光
部材を、その集光方向を前記散乱板の散乱角度範囲を含
む方向とは反対の方向に向けて配置すれば、前記散乱板
の散乱角度範囲を含む方向とは反対の方向においても透
過光量が多くなり、その光が２枚のディスコテイック液
晶フィルムを透過して出射側偏光板に入射するから、よ
り広い視野角を得ることができる。In the liquid crystal display of the present invention,
A light-collecting member having a light-condensing property for condensing light in a direction inclined in a predetermined direction with respect to a vertical line on the incident surface side of the incident-side polarizing plate, the light-condensing direction of the scattering plate If the light is arranged in the direction opposite to the direction including the scattering angle range, the amount of transmitted light is increased even in the direction opposite to the direction including the scattering angle range of the scattering plate, and the light is emitted by two discotic discs. Since the light passes through the liquid crystal film and is incident on the emission-side polarizing plate, a wider viewing angle can be obtained.
【図１】この発明の一実施例を示す液晶表示装置の分解
斜視図。FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】前記液晶表示装置に用いた集光部材の一部分の
拡大図。FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of a light collecting member used in the liquid crystal display device.
【図３】前記集光部材の観察角−輝度特性図。FIG. 3 is an observation angle-luminance characteristic diagram of the light condensing member.
【図４】液晶セルと入射側および出射側の偏光板とから
なる液晶表示系だけを備えた表示装置の観察角−透過率
特性図。FIG. 4 is an observation angle-transmittance characteristic diagram of a display device including only a liquid crystal display system including a liquid crystal cell and a polarizing plate on an incident side and an emitting side.
【図５】前記液晶表示系に散乱板を付加した表示装置の
観察角−透過率特性図。FIG. 5 is an observation angle-transmittance characteristic diagram of a display device in which a scattering plate is added to the liquid crystal display system.
【図６】前記液晶表示系に２枚のディスコテイック液晶
フィルムを付加した表示装置の観察角−透過率特性図。FIG. 6 is an observation angle-transmittance characteristic diagram of a display device in which two discotic liquid crystal films are added to the liquid crystal display system.
【図７】前記液晶表示系に散乱板と２枚のディスコテイ
ック液晶フィルムとを付加した表示装置の観察角−透過
率特性図。FIG. 7 is an observation angle-transmittance characteristic diagram of a display device in which a scattering plate and two discotic liquid crystal films are added to the liquid crystal display system.
【図８】前記液晶表示系に散乱板と２枚のディスコテイ
ック液晶フィルムとを付加し、さらに入射側の偏光板の
入射面側に集光部材を配置した表示装置の観察角−透過
率特性図。FIG. 8: Observation angle vs. transmittance of a display device in which a scattering plate and two discotic liquid crystal films are added to the liquid crystal display system, and a light-condensing member is arranged on the incident surface side of the polarizing plate on the incident side. Characteristic diagram.
１０…液晶セル １１ａ…入射側基板の近傍における液晶分子配向方向 １２ａ…出射側基板の近傍における液晶分子配向方向 １４…散乱板 Ｓ…散乱角度範囲 １５，１６…ディスコテイック液晶フィルム １５ａ，１６ａ…遅相軸 １７，１８…偏光板 １７，１８…吸収軸 １９…集光部材 Reference Signs List 10: liquid crystal cell 11a: liquid crystal molecule alignment direction near entrance side substrate 12a: liquid crystal molecule orientation direction near exit side substrate 14: scattering plate S: scattering angle range 15, 16, discotic liquid crystal film 15a, 16a Slow axis 17, 18 ... Polarizing plate 17, 18 ... Absorption axis 19: Light collecting member
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ｇ０２Ｆ 1/1347 Ｇ０２Ｆ 1/1347 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification code Agency reference number FI Technical display location G02F 1/1347 G02F 1/1347
Claims (4)
ト配向している液晶セルと、光の散乱特性に入射角依存
性を有する散乱板と、２枚のディスコテイック液晶フィ
ルムとを、少なくとも前記散乱板を前記液晶セルの出射
面側に配置して積層し、これらをはさんでその入射側と
出射側とにそれぞれ偏光板を配置してなり、 前記散乱板は、その垂線に対して一方の方向に、前記垂
線に対する角度が互いに異なる２つの面ではさまれた散
乱角度範囲をもち、この散乱角度範囲内の入射角で入射
した光を散乱させて出射し、前記散乱角度範囲外の入射
角で入射した光はほとんど散乱させることなく高い透過
率で出射する散乱特性を有するものであって、この散乱
板が、前記散乱角度範囲を含む方向を所定の方向に向け
て設けられているとともに、 前記２枚のディスコテイック液晶フィルムは、それぞれ
の遅相軸を互いにほぼ直交させて設けられていることを
特徴とする液晶表示装置。1. A liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal molecules are twisted between a pair of substrates, a scattering plate having an incident angle dependence of light scattering characteristics, and two discotic liquid crystal films. The scattering plate is arranged and laminated on the emission surface side of the liquid crystal cell, and a polarizing plate is arranged on each of the incident side and the emission side with these layers interposed therebetween. In one direction, it has a scattering angle range sandwiched between two surfaces having different angles with respect to the perpendicular, and scatters and emits the incident light at an incident angle within the scattering angle range, and out of the scattering angle range. Light incident at an incident angle has a scattering characteristic of being emitted at a high transmittance with little scattering, and the scattering plate is provided with a direction including the scattering angle range directed in a predetermined direction. With 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the two discotic liquid crystal films are provided with their slow axes substantially orthogonal to each other.
向を、前記液晶セルと入射側および出射側の偏光板とか
らなる液晶表示系がもっている固有の視角方向を含む方
向に向けて設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１に
記載の液晶表示装置。2. A direction in which the scattering plate includes a scattering angle range is directed to a direction including a unique viewing angle direction of a liquid crystal display system including the liquid crystal cell and a polarizing plate on an incident side and an emitting side. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is provided.
のそれぞれの液晶の屈折率異方性Δｎ′とフィルム厚
ｄ′との積Δｎ′・ｄ′の値のトータル値が、前記液晶
セルの液晶の屈折率異方性Δｎと液晶層厚ｄとの積Δｎ
・ｄの値とほぼ同じであることを特徴とする請求項１に
記載の液晶表示装置。3. The total value of the product Δn ′ · d ′ of the refractive index anisotropy Δn ′ of each liquid crystal of the two discotic liquid crystal films and the film thickness d ′ is defined by the following formula: Product Δn of refractive index anisotropy Δn of liquid crystal and liquid crystal layer thickness d
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the value of d is substantially the same.
して所定の方向に傾いた方向に向けて光を集光する集光
性をもった集光部材が、その集光方向を前記散乱板の散
乱角度範囲を含む方向とは反対の方向に向けて配置され
ていることを特徴とする請求項１〜３のいずれか１つに
記載の液晶表示装置。4. A light-collecting member having a light-collecting property for condensing light in a direction inclined in a predetermined direction with respect to a perpendicular line is provided on the light-incident side of the light-incident surface of the polarizing plate. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the liquid crystal display device is arranged so that a direction is opposite to a direction including a scattering angle range of the scattering plate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8190756A JPH1039285A (en) | 1996-07-19 | 1996-07-19 | Liquid crystal display device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8190756A JPH1039285A (en) | 1996-07-19 | 1996-07-19 | Liquid crystal display device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1039285A true JPH1039285A (en) | 1998-02-13 |
Family
ID=16263217
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8190756A Pending JPH1039285A (en) | 1996-07-19 | 1996-07-19 | Liquid crystal display device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH1039285A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008129375A (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2008-06-05 | Seiko Epson Corp | Liquid crystal device and electronic equipment |
| JP2012203092A (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-10-22 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Optical sheet, backlight unit using the same, and image display apparatus |
| WO2020045374A1 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | ソニー株式会社 | Ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus and liquid crystal display device |
-
1996
- 1996-07-19 JP JP8190756A patent/JPH1039285A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008129375A (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2008-06-05 | Seiko Epson Corp | Liquid crystal device and electronic equipment |
| TWI427364B (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2014-02-21 | Japan Display West Inc | Liquid crystal device and electronic apparatus |
| JP2012203092A (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-10-22 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Optical sheet, backlight unit using the same, and image display apparatus |
| WO2020045374A1 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | ソニー株式会社 | Ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus and liquid crystal display device |
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