JPH10339099A - Rectangular steel segment - Google Patents
Rectangular steel segmentInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10339099A JPH10339099A JP9152085A JP15208597A JPH10339099A JP H10339099 A JPH10339099 A JP H10339099A JP 9152085 A JP9152085 A JP 9152085A JP 15208597 A JP15208597 A JP 15208597A JP H10339099 A JPH10339099 A JP H10339099A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- joint
- segment
- shaped
- plate
- shaped member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、シールドトンネル
の土木技術分野における、シールドトンネルの内側を覆
工し土圧を支持する矩形式鋼製セグメントに関し、特に
その継手の構造に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rectangular steel segment for lining the inside of a shield tunnel and supporting an earth pressure in the technical field of civil engineering of a shield tunnel, and more particularly to a joint structure thereof.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】地下鉄、地下通路、海底トンネル等を築
造する場合に、近年、地下を掘削して進む機械を使用し
て施工するシールド工法が多くなってきている。従来の
シールド工法は、図１１に示すように、地下５１のトン
ネル５２を円形断面に掘削し、その内面に円弧状の鋼殻
リング５３を円筒状に組み立てて覆工し、その後コンク
リート等により矩形断面のトンネル５４を形成し、その
中に道路や鉄道を通すものであった。この場合、でき上
がりのトンネル５４の断面より円形の半月状の部分を余
分に掘削しなければならないため、不経済であった。そ
こで最近、図１２に示すように、最終的なトンネル５４
の断面に合わせた鋼殻リング５６を用い、矩形断面のト
ンネル５５を始めから地下５１に掘削する矩形式シール
ドトンネル工法が開発されている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, when constructing subways, underground passages, submarine tunnels, and the like, shield construction methods using machines that excavate underground and proceed are increasing. In the conventional shield method, as shown in FIG. 11, a tunnel 52 of an underground 51 is excavated into a circular cross section, an arc-shaped steel shell ring 53 is assembled into a cylindrical shape on the inner surface thereof, and then lining is performed. A tunnel 54 having a cross section was formed, through which a road and a railway were passed. In this case, a circular half-moon-shaped portion must be excavated more than the cross section of the completed tunnel 54, which is uneconomical. Therefore, recently, as shown in FIG.
A rectangular shield tunnel method has been developed in which a tunnel 55 having a rectangular section is excavated from the beginning into the underground 51 using a steel shell ring 56 adapted to the section of the tunnel.
【０００３】従来のセグメントでは、図１１のように円
弧状の鋼殻リング５３を組み合わせて円形断面にするた
め、セグメント部材はアーチ作用によって圧縮力のみ作
用する。図１２に示す矩形断面を形成する鋼殻リング５
６では底版、側版、上版が土圧、水圧により曲げや引張
りを受けるようになり、従来のものより応力が大きく、
従来のセグメントでは特に継手部分の強度が不足する問
題があった。図１３は矩形式のセグメントを組み立てた
一例を示すものである。この例では、隅部セグメント６
１、６３と、底版セグメント６４と、側版セグメント６
３と、上版セグメント６１、６５、６６とから構成され
ており、各部材の横断面は図１４に示すように、エッジ
部の溝形鋼７２、中央部のＨ形鋼７１を骨格部材とし、
スキンプレート７４で連結すると共に縦リブ７３を内蔵
している。これらのセグメントはそれぞれプレート構造
の継手部６７で互いに連結されている。この例では鋼殻
リング５６内に切張り柱６８を用いている。セグメント
の耐力は、周方面に接続された、Ｈ形鋼７１及び溝形鋼
７２の曲げ及び軸力によって発揮される。セグメントの
継手部においては、Ｈ形鋼７１や溝形鋼７２の力が一
旦、継手６７の端部プレートに伝達され、この端部プレ
ート同士ががボルトによって隣接セグメントと結合さ
れ、力は端部プレート相互を介して隣接セグメントのＨ
形鋼や溝形鋼に伝達される。矩形セグメントの場合、継
手部に強大な力が作用するため、従来の端部プレートで
は強度が不足する。すなわち、このようなセグメントの
継手６７は、曲げや引張りを生ずるため、従来の圧縮の
み受ける円弧状のセグメントに比べ強度の大きい継手を
用いる必要がある。In a conventional segment, as shown in FIG. 11, an arcuate steel shell ring 53 is combined to form a circular cross section. Therefore, only a compressive force acts on the segment member by an arch action. Steel shell ring 5 forming a rectangular cross section shown in FIG.
In 6, the bottom plate, side plate and upper plate are subjected to bending and tension by earth pressure and water pressure, and the stress is larger than the conventional one.
In the conventional segment, there was a problem that the strength of the joint portion was particularly insufficient. FIG. 13 shows an example in which rectangular segments are assembled. In this example, corner segment 6
1, 63, bottom plate segment 64, side plate segment 6
3 and upper plate segments 61, 65 and 66, and the cross section of each member is, as shown in FIG. 14, a channel steel 72 at the edge and an H-shaped steel 71 at the center as a frame member. ,
It is connected by a skin plate 74 and has a built-in vertical rib 73. These segments are connected to each other by a joint 67 having a plate structure. In this example, a tension column 68 is used in the steel shell ring 56. The proof stress of the segments is exerted by the bending and axial forces of the H-section steel 71 and the channel steel 72 connected to the circumferential surface. In the joint portion of the segment, the force of the H-section steel 71 or the channel 72 is once transmitted to the end plates of the joint 67, and the end plates are connected to adjacent segments by bolts, and the force is applied to the end portions. H of adjacent segments through plates
Transmitted to shaped steel and channel steel. In the case of a rectangular segment, a strong force acts on the joint portion, so that the strength of the conventional end plate is insufficient. That is, since the joint 67 of such a segment causes bending or tension, it is necessary to use a joint having a higher strength than a conventional arc-shaped segment subjected to only compression.
【０００４】特開平６−２３５２９９号公報には、この
ようなセグメントの接続部における防水性能を向上させ
ると共に施工性の向上を図る継手構造として、Ｈ形鋼を
用いる継手が開示されている。この構造は継手の強度の
面でもプレート構造の継手より優れた特性を発揮するも
のである。しかし、セグメントの継手部に取付けられた
Ｈ形鋼のウエブをボルトで結合するものであり、継手部
の引張り及び曲げに対してさらに強力な継手構造が望ま
れている。Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 6-235299 discloses a joint using an H-shaped steel as a joint structure for improving the waterproof performance and the workability at the connecting portion of such segments. This structure exhibits characteristics superior to those of the plate structure in terms of the strength of the joint. However, the web of the H-section steel attached to the joint portion of the segment is joined by bolts, and a joint structure that is stronger against tension and bending of the joint portion is desired.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、最近、新し
く開発された矩形シールドトンネル工法に用いる矩形セ
グメントの構造、特にその継手構造を提供するものであ
る。解決すべき課題は従来のセグメントでは強度不足と
なる継手部の構造を十分な強度を有する構造とすること
である。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a structure of a rectangular segment used for a newly developed rectangular shield tunneling method, particularly a joint structure thereof. The problem to be solved is to make the structure of the joint portion, which has insufficient strength in the conventional segment, a structure having sufficient strength.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記課題を解
決するために開発されたもので、セグメントの端部継手
部に取付けられ互いにフランジ面同士が当接するＨ形部
材と、このＨ形部材のフランジ４枚を貫通して相互に締
結する連結ボルトとを継手部に備えたことを特徴とする
矩形式鋼製セグメントである。前記Ｈ形部材としては規
格品のＨ形鋼を用いることはもちろん、必要強度に応じ
て、プレートとＴ形断面の部材で形成したＨ形状の部材
を用いるとよい。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been developed in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. An H-shaped member which is attached to an end joint portion of a segment and whose flange surfaces are in contact with each other is provided. It is a rectangular steel segment, characterized in that the joint portion is provided with a connecting bolt that penetrates four flanges of the member and fastens each other. As the H-shaped member, not only a standard H-shaped steel but also an H-shaped member formed of a plate and a member having a T-shaped cross section may be used according to the required strength.
【０００７】また本発明の別の継手構造としては、セグ
メントの端部継手部の背面板側に取付けられ互いに板面
が当接しボルト結合する継目板と、セグメントの骨格部
材の端部を両面から挟みボルト綴じするガゼットプレー
トとからなる継手を備えたことを特徴とする矩形式鋼製
セグメントを提供する。Further, as another joint structure of the present invention, a joint plate attached to the back plate side of the end joint portion of the segment, the plate surfaces of which are in contact with each other and bolted together, and the end portion of the frame member of the segment from both sides. A rectangular steel segment comprising a joint consisting of a gusset plate to be pinched by a bolt.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明の実施の形態】以下図面を参照して本発明の実施
の形態について説明する。図１〜図３は実施例の継手構
造を示す三面図である。図１は継手部の平面図、図２は
そのＡ−Ａ矢視図、図３はＢ−Ｂ矢視図である。隣接す
るセグメント１ａ、１ｂの端部に、それぞれＨ形部材２
ａ、２ｂが取付けられており、これらのＨ形部材２ａ、
２ｂはフランジ３、３が互いに隣接するＨ形部材のフラ
ンジ外面に当接するように取付けられている。そして、
このＨ形部材２ａ、２ｂは、４枚のフランジを貫通する
孔５を穿設してあり、この孔５を貫通してＨ形部材を綴
じ合わせる多数のボルト４を備えている。従ってこの継
手構造は、簡単な構造で、引張り及び曲げに対して強力
な継手となる。Ｈ形部材としては、規格品のＨ形鋼を用
いてもよく、継手強度に応じてプレートとＴ字断面の部
材、例えばカットＴとを組み合わせて形成した合成部材
でもよく、プレートとカットＴを用いれば、板厚やウエ
ブ高さを自由に変えることが可能である。Ｈ形部材はプ
レートより剛性が大きいため、従来のプレート構造では
適用できない矩形シールド工法への適用が可能となっ
た。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 are three views showing the joint structure of the embodiment. FIG. 1 is a plan view of the joint portion, FIG. 2 is a view along arrow AA, and FIG. 3 is a view along arrow BB. H-shaped members 2 are attached to the ends of the adjacent segments 1a and 1b, respectively.
a, 2b are attached, and these H-shaped members 2a,
2b is mounted so that the flanges 3, 3 abut against the outer surfaces of the adjacent H-shaped members. And
The H-shaped members 2a and 2b are provided with holes 5 penetrating four flanges, and are provided with a large number of bolts 4 that pass through the holes 5 and bind the H-shaped members. Therefore, this joint structure has a simple structure and is a strong joint against tension and bending. As the H-shaped member, a standard H-shaped steel may be used, or a composite member formed by combining a plate and a member having a T-shaped cross section, for example, a cut T according to the joint strength, may be used. If used, the thickness and web height can be freely changed. Since the H-shaped member has higher rigidity than the plate, it can be applied to a rectangular shield construction method that cannot be applied with the conventional plate structure.
【０００９】次に、図４〜図７に、隣接するセグメント
１ａ、１ｂの骨格部材である溝形鋼１１やＨ形鋼１２
を、添接板２１、２２、２３、２４で直接締結する構造
を示した。図４はこの継手部の平面図、図５はそのＣ−
Ｃ矢視図、図６はそのＤ−Ｄ矢視図で、溝形鋼１１の継
手部の側面図、図７は図４のＥ−Ｅ矢視図でＨ形鋼１２
の継手部の側面図である。この構造の継手は、セグメン
ト同士の軸力が端部プレートを介せずに、直接に骨格部
材である形鋼から形鋼へ伝達されるため、継手強度は飛
躍的に向上する。Next, FIGS. 4 to 7 show channel members 11 and H-shaped members 12 which are frame members of adjacent segments 1a and 1b.
Are directly fastened by the attachment plates 21, 22, 23, 24. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the joint, and FIG.
6 is a side view of the joint portion of the channel steel 11 taken along the arrow D-D in FIG. 6, and FIG. 7 is a view taken along the line EE in FIG.
It is a side view of the joint part of. In the joint having this structure, the axial strength of the segments is directly transmitted from the shaped steel as the frame member to the shaped steel without passing through the end plate, so that the joint strength is remarkably improved.
【００１０】図８は、従来の継手と本発明による継手の
強度を比較したものである。横軸に継手の伸びを取り、
縦軸に継手に作用する引張り力を取ってある。曲線３１
は母材の特性を示すものである。曲線３５で示す従来の
プレート構造の継手に比べて、端部にカットＴとプレー
トを用いてＨ形部材としたもの（曲線３４）、Ｈ形鋼を
用いたもの（曲線３３）、及び添接板によって接合した
もの（曲線３２）が明らかに強度が大きくなることがわ
かる。FIG. 8 shows a comparison between the strength of a conventional joint and the strength of the joint according to the present invention. Take the joint extension on the horizontal axis,
The vertical axis indicates the tensile force acting on the joint. Curve 31
Indicates the characteristics of the base material. Compared to the joint having the conventional plate structure shown by the curve 35, an H-shaped member using a cut T and a plate at the end (curve 34), an H-shaped steel (curve 33), and an attachment It can be seen that the one joined by the plate (curve 32) clearly has a higher strength.
【００１１】また、図９は種々の継手を有するセグメン
ト１に、図１０に示すように等分布荷重４１を負荷した
時の荷重と変形量との関係を示すグラフである。変形量
は主桁を支点とするスパン４２（４３５ｍｍ）両端固定
梁として算出した。すなわち、変形量Ｓ（ｍｍ）は Ｓ＝（ｗＬ4 ）／３８４・Ｅ・Ｉ ｗ＝等分布荷重 ｋｇ／ｃｍ Ｌ＝スパンｃｍ Ｅ＝ヤング率 ｋｇ／ｍｍ2 Ｉ＝断面二次モーメント ｃｍ4 曲線３６はＨ−１１２×２００×８×１２、曲線３７は
□−２００×１００×９、曲線３８は、［−２００×９
０×８×１３．５、曲線３９は、ＰＬ−２００×２５ｔ
である。Ｈ形鋼の曲げ剛性が著しく大きいことが示され
ている。FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the load and the amount of deformation when the equally distributed load 41 is applied to the segment 1 having various joints as shown in FIG. The amount of deformation was calculated as a span 42 (435 mm) fixed beam at both ends using the main girder as a fulcrum. That is, the deformation amount S (mm) is as follows: S = (wL 4 ) / 384 · E · I w = Equally distributed load kg / cm L = Span cm E = Young's modulus kg / mm 2 I = Second moment of area cm 4 Curve 36 is H-112 × 200 × 8 × 12, curve 37 is □ −200 × 100 × 9, and curve 38 is [−200 × 9
0 × 8 × 13.5, curve 39 is PL-200 × 25t
It is. It is shown that the bending rigidity of the H-section steel is remarkably large.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、矩形シールドトンネル
の開発の中で問題視されていたセグメントの継手をＨ形
部材を使った構造又は添接板を用いた構造にすることに
よって強度を向上し、過酷な条件に対応することができ
るようになった。According to the present invention, the joints of the segments, which have been regarded as problematic in the development of the rectangular shield tunnel, have a structure using an H-shaped member or a structure using an attachment plate to improve the strength. Then, it became possible to cope with severe conditions.
【図１】実施例の継手部の平面図である。FIG. 1 is a plan view of a joint according to an embodiment.
【図２】図１のＡ−Ａ矢視図図である。FIG. 2 is a view as viewed in the direction of arrows AA in FIG. 1;
【図３】図１のＢ−Ｂ矢視図である。FIG. 3 is a view taken in the direction of arrows BB in FIG. 1;
【図４】実施例の添接板継手を示す平面図である。FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an attachment plate joint of the embodiment.
【図５】図４のＣ−Ｃ矢視図である。FIG. 5 is a view taken in the direction of the arrows CC in FIG. 4;
【図６】図４のＤ−Ｄ矢視図である。FIG. 6 is a view as seen from the direction of the arrow DD in FIG. 4;
【図７】図４のＥ−Ｅ矢視図である。FIG. 7 is a view as seen from the direction of arrows EE in FIG. 4;
【図８】発明の効果を示すグラフである。FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of the present invention.
【図９】種々の継手の曲げ剛性を示すグラフである。FIG. 9 is a graph showing the bending stiffness of various joints.
【図１０】図９の曲げの説明図である。FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the bending in FIG. 9;
【図１１】従来のシールドトンネル工法の説明図であ
る。FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of a conventional shield tunnel method.
【図１２】矩形式のシールドトンネル工法の説明図であ
る。FIG. 12 is an explanatory view of a rectangular shield tunnel method.
【図１３】矩形式のシールドトンネルのセグメントの組
立図である。FIG. 13 is an assembly view of a segment of a rectangular shield tunnel.
【図１４】矩形式のシールドトンネルのセグメントの断
面図である。FIG. 14 is a sectional view of a segment of a rectangular shield tunnel.
１ａ、１ｂ セグメント ２ａ、２ｂ Ｈ形部材 ３ フランジ ４ ボルト ５ 孔 １１ 溝形鋼 １２ Ｈ形鋼 １３ スキンプレート ２１、２２、２３、２４ 添接板 ２５ 継目板 ３１、３２、３３、３４、３５ 曲線 ５１ 地下 ５２、５４、５５ トンネル ５３、５６ 鋼殻リング ６０ セグメント ６１、６２ セグメント（隅部） ６３ セグメント（側版） ６４ セグメント（底版） ６５、６６ セグメント（上版） ６７ 継手部 ６８ 切張り柱 ７０ セグメント ７１ Ｈ形鋼 ７２ 溝形鋼 ７３ 縦リブ ７４ スキンプレート 1a, 1b Segment 2a, 2b H-shaped member 3 Flange 4 Bolt 5 Hole 11 Channel steel 12 H-shaped steel 13 Skin plate 21, 22, 23, 24 Attached plate 25 Joint plate 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 Curve 51 basement 52, 54, 55 tunnel 53, 56 steel shell ring 60 segment 61, 62 segment (corner) 63 segment (side plate) 64 segment (bottom plate) 65, 66 segment (upper plate) 67 joint part 68 jointed column 68 70 segment 71 H-section steel 72 Channel steel 73 Vertical rib 74 Skin plate
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 請川 誠 東京都中央区京橋１丁目７番１号 戸田建 設株式会社内 (72)発明者 谷口 徹 東京都中央区京橋１丁目７番１号 戸田建 設株式会社内 (72)発明者 篠原 満 東京都中央区京橋１丁目７番１号 戸田建 設株式会社内 (72)発明者 米沢 洋 東京都千代田区内幸町２丁目２番３号 川 崎製鉄株式会社内 (72)発明者 今塩 宏之 東京都千代田区内幸町２丁目２番３号 川 崎製鉄株式会社内 (72)発明者 塩田 啓介 東京都千代田区内幸町２丁目２番３号 川 崎製鉄株式会社内 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Makoto Ukegawa 1-7-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Toda Construction Corporation (72) Inventor Toru Taniguchi 1-7-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Mitsuru Shinohara 1-7-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Toda-ken Corporation (72) Inventor Hiroshi Yonezawa 2-3-2 Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Kawasaki Inside (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Imashio 2-3-2 Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Kawasaki Steel Corp. (72) Keisuke Shiota 2-3-2 Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Kawasaki Steel Inside the corporation
Claims (4)
いにフランジ面同士が当接するＨ形部材と、該Ｈ形部材
のフランジ４枚を貫通して相互に締結する連結ボルトと
を継手部に備えたことを特徴とする矩形式鋼製セグメン
ト。1. An H-shaped member which is attached to an end joint portion of a segment and whose flange surfaces are in contact with each other, and a connecting bolt which penetrates four flanges of the H-shaped member and fastens each other, is provided in the joint portion. A rectangular steel segment, characterized in that:
とする請求項１記載の矩形式鋼製セグメント。2. The rectangular steel segment according to claim 1, wherein said H-shaped member is an H-shaped steel.
部材で形成したＨ形状の部材であることを特徴とする請
求項１記載の矩形式鋼製セグメント。3. The rectangular steel segment according to claim 1, wherein the H-shaped member is an H-shaped member formed by a plate and a member having a T-shaped cross section.
取付けられ互いに板面が当接しボルト結合する継目板
と、セグメントの骨格部材の端部を両面から挟みボルト
綴じする添接板とからなる継手を備えたことを特徴とす
る矩形式鋼製セグメント。4. A joint plate attached to the back plate side of the end joint portion of the segment, the plate surfaces of which are in contact with each other and bolted together, and an attachment plate which sandwiches the ends of the frame member of the segment from both sides and binds the bolt. A rectangular steel segment comprising a joint made of:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15208597A JP3798118B2 (en) | 1997-06-10 | 1997-06-10 | Rectangular steel segment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15208597A JP3798118B2 (en) | 1997-06-10 | 1997-06-10 | Rectangular steel segment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10339099A true JPH10339099A (en) | 1998-12-22 |
| JP3798118B2 JP3798118B2 (en) | 2006-07-19 |
Family
ID=15532727
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15208597A Expired - Fee Related JP3798118B2 (en) | 1997-06-10 | 1997-06-10 | Rectangular steel segment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3798118B2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007277953A (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-25 | Nippon Steel Corp | Segment connecting structure and arrangement structure |
| JP2007277954A (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-25 | Nippon Steel Corp | Connecting structure between segment rings |
| CN103575528A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-02-12 | 中国建筑股份有限公司 | Self-balancing counter-force core tube and shield segment testing machine |
| CN106194215A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2016-12-07 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of Tunnel dynamic across the anti-stick slide of active fault and method of construction thereof |
-
1997
- 1997-06-10 JP JP15208597A patent/JP3798118B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007277953A (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-25 | Nippon Steel Corp | Segment connecting structure and arrangement structure |
| JP2007277954A (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-25 | Nippon Steel Corp | Connecting structure between segment rings |
| CN103575528A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-02-12 | 中国建筑股份有限公司 | Self-balancing counter-force core tube and shield segment testing machine |
| CN106194215A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2016-12-07 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of Tunnel dynamic across the anti-stick slide of active fault and method of construction thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3798118B2 (en) | 2006-07-19 |
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