JPH10306756A - Fuel injection valve driving device - Google Patents
Fuel injection valve driving deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10306756A JPH10306756A JP9119529A JP11952997A JPH10306756A JP H10306756 A JPH10306756 A JP H10306756A JP 9119529 A JP9119529 A JP 9119529A JP 11952997 A JP11952997 A JP 11952997A JP H10306756 A JPH10306756 A JP H10306756A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- valve opening
- signal
- voltage
- pressure chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、圧電素子または
磁歪素子等のアクチュエータを介して針弁前後の燃料圧
力を変化させることにより針弁を駆動する燃料噴射弁の
駆動装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel injection valve driving device that drives a needle valve by changing the fuel pressure before and after the needle valve via an actuator such as a piezoelectric element or a magnetostrictive element.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来から自動車用エンジンに備えられる
燃料噴射弁には、印加電圧に応じて体積変化する圧電素
子や、磁界の変化に応じて体積変化する磁歪素子を備え
たアクチュエータによって針弁（弁体）を開弁作動させ
るものが知られており、針弁をこれらアクチュエータで
駆動することにより、燃料噴射弁の応答性を向上でき、
噴射可能範囲が拡大してエンジンの高出力化に対応でき
るとともに、少量の燃料を安定して噴射することが可能
となってエンジンの燃費低減を図ることができる。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a fuel injection valve provided in an automobile engine has a needle valve (actuator) provided with an actuator having a piezoelectric element whose volume changes according to an applied voltage and a magnetostrictive element whose volume changes according to a change in a magnetic field. The opening of the valve body is known, and by driving the needle valve with these actuators, the responsiveness of the fuel injection valve can be improved,
The injectable range can be expanded to cope with higher output of the engine, and a small amount of fuel can be stably injected, so that the fuel efficiency of the engine can be reduced.
【０００３】このような燃料噴射弁としては、例えば、
特開平７−２２９４５７号公報に開示されるものが知ら
れており、アクチュエータとして圧電素子からなるピエ
ゾアクチュエータを用いるとともに、針弁の開閉をその
前後差圧に基づいて行うようにしたものである。As such a fuel injection valve, for example,
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 7-229457 discloses a device in which a piezo actuator composed of a piezoelectric element is used as an actuator and a needle valve is opened and closed based on a pressure difference between the front and rear thereof.
【０００４】これについて説明すると、針弁の前後には
燃圧室と差圧室が画成されており、燃圧室には所定の圧
力で燃料が導入され、差圧室は燃圧室とオリフィスによ
り連通されている。針弁背後側の差圧室にはピエゾアク
チュエータが設けられており、このピエゾアクチュエー
タの伸縮により針弁の開閉作動が制御される。すなわ
ち、ピエゾアクチュエータに予め設定した電圧を印加し
て、伸長させた状態で針弁前後の燃圧室と差圧室の圧力
はオリフィスを介して均等化されている。To explain this, a fuel pressure chamber and a differential pressure chamber are defined before and after the needle valve, fuel is introduced into the fuel pressure chamber at a predetermined pressure, and the differential pressure chamber communicates with the fuel pressure chamber through an orifice. Have been. A piezo actuator is provided in the differential pressure chamber behind the needle valve, and the opening and closing operation of the needle valve is controlled by expansion and contraction of the piezo actuator. That is, the pressure of the fuel pressure chamber and the pressure of the differential pressure chamber before and after the needle valve are equalized through the orifice in a state where a preset voltage is applied to the piezo actuator and the piezo actuator is extended.
【０００５】このとき針弁はリターンスプリングの付勢
力により閉弁保持している。この状態からピエゾアクチ
ュエータへの印加電圧を所定の開弁電圧へ変更してピエ
ゾアクチュエータを瞬時に収縮させると、針弁背後の差
圧室の容積が拡大する。At this time, the needle valve is kept closed by the urging force of the return spring. When the voltage applied to the piezo actuator is changed from this state to a predetermined valve opening voltage and the piezo actuator is instantaneously contracted, the volume of the differential pressure chamber behind the needle valve increases.
【０００６】同時に、差圧室は針弁前方の燃圧室に対し
てオリフィスを介して連通しているので、一時的に差圧
室の内圧が低下して針弁の前後に開弁方向の圧力差が発
生する。これにより針弁はリターンスプリングに抗して
開弁し、噴口が開いて燃料が噴射されることになる。At the same time, since the differential pressure chamber communicates with the fuel pressure chamber in front of the needle valve via the orifice, the internal pressure of the differential pressure chamber temporarily decreases, and the pressure in the valve opening direction is increased before and after the needle valve. A difference occurs. As a result, the needle valve opens against the return spring, the injection port is opened, and fuel is injected.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記従
来例では、ピエゾアクチュエータへ印加する電圧を矩形
波によって与えており、また、開弁時の電圧は針弁を確
実かつ迅速に開弁させるため、開弁に必要な電圧よりも
大きな電圧を与え、敢えてオーバーシュートさせてい
る。そして、開弁期間中はこのオーバーシュートさせた
開弁電圧を維持し、閉弁時にはこのオーバーシュートさ
せた開弁電圧から所定の閉弁電圧へ瞬時に切り換えてい
るため、この結果、開弁期間中はピエゾアクチュエータ
がオーバーシュートさせた分だけ余分に収縮しており、
閉弁時におけるピエゾアクチュエータの伸長動作はその
分時間遅れを生じ、針弁が閉弁するまでに時間を要し、
燃料噴射弁の応答性能が低下するという問題があった。However, in the above conventional example, the voltage applied to the piezo actuator is given by a rectangular wave, and the voltage at the time of opening the valve is to reliably and quickly open the needle valve. A voltage higher than the voltage required to open the valve is given to overshoot. During the valve opening period, the overshoot valve opening voltage is maintained, and when the valve is closed, the overshoot valve voltage is instantaneously switched to a predetermined valve closing voltage. Inside, the piezo actuator is contracted extra by the overshoot,
The extension operation of the piezo actuator at the time of closing the valve causes a time delay correspondingly, and it takes time until the needle valve closes,
There is a problem that the response performance of the fuel injection valve is reduced.
【０００８】そこで、本発明は上記の問題点に鑑みてな
されたものであり、圧電素子や磁歪素子を用いた燃料噴
射弁の応答性を向上させることを目的とする。Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to improve the responsiveness of a fuel injection valve using a piezoelectric element or a magnetostrictive element.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】第１の発明は、加圧燃料
が導かれる燃圧室と、燃圧室と差圧室の差圧に応じて変
位する針弁と、針弁によって開閉されて燃圧室の燃料を
噴射する噴口と、針弁を閉弁方向に付勢する弾性部材
と、圧電素子または磁歪素子から構成されたアクチュエ
ータと、アクチュエータの伸縮に応じて差圧室の圧力を
加減圧するピストンと、エンジンの運転状態に応じて前
記アクチュエータへ開弁信号と閉弁信号を選択的に送出
する制御手段とを備えた燃料噴射弁の駆動装置におい
て、前記制御手段は、開弁状態を維持可能な第１開弁信
号と、開弁維持状態よりもさらにアクチュエータを開弁
方向へ駆動する第２開弁信号とを予め設定した開弁信号
設定手段と、開弁初期には前記第２開弁信号を選択する
一方、開弁後期には前記第１信号を選択する駆動信号切
換手段とを備える。According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel pressure chamber into which pressurized fuel is introduced, a needle valve which is displaced in accordance with a differential pressure between the fuel pressure chamber and a differential pressure chamber, and a fuel pressure chamber which is opened and closed by the needle valve. An injection port for injecting fuel in the chamber, an elastic member for urging the needle valve in the valve closing direction, an actuator composed of a piezoelectric element or a magnetostrictive element, and increasing and decreasing the pressure in the differential pressure chamber in accordance with expansion and contraction of the actuator In a fuel injection valve driving device including a piston and control means for selectively transmitting a valve opening signal and a valve closing signal to the actuator in accordance with an operation state of an engine, the control means maintains the valve open state. Valve-opening signal setting means for presetting a possible first valve-opening signal and a second valve-opening signal for driving the actuator further in the valve-opening direction than in the valve-open maintaining state; While selecting the valve signal, the late valve opening And a drive signal switching means for selecting the first signal.
【００１０】また、第２の発明は、前記第１の発明にお
いて、前記駆動信号切換手段は、開弁開始から所定の時
間が経過するまで前記第２開弁信号を維持する一方、所
定時間経過後には前記第１開弁信号に切り換えるタイマ
を備える。In a second aspect based on the first aspect, the drive signal switching means maintains the second valve opening signal until a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of valve opening, while the predetermined time has elapsed. A timer for switching to the first valve opening signal is provided later.
【００１１】また、第３の発明は、前記第１の発明にお
いて、前記制御手段は、前記アクチュエータに加わる荷
重を検出する荷重センサを備えて、前記駆動信号切換手
段は、荷重の検出値が所定値となったときに第２開弁信
号から第１開弁信号へ切り換える。In a third aspect based on the first aspect, the control means includes a load sensor for detecting a load applied to the actuator, and the drive signal switching means determines that the detected value of the load is a predetermined value. When the value becomes the value, the second valve opening signal is switched to the first valve opening signal.
【００１２】また、第４の発明は、前記第１の発明にお
いて、前記第１開弁信号は、前記ピストンに加わる荷重
の絶対値が、弾性部材が発生する付勢力の絶対値よりも
大きい所定値となるよう設定する。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the first valve opening signal is such that an absolute value of a load applied to the piston is larger than an absolute value of an urging force generated by an elastic member. Set to be a value.
【００１３】また、第５の発明は、前記第１の発明にお
いて、前記制御手段は、前記アクチュエータに加わる荷
重を検出する荷重センサと、この検出荷重に基づいて前
記第１開弁信号または第２開弁信号を学習補正する学習
補正手段とを備える。In a fifth aspect based on the first aspect, the control means includes: a load sensor for detecting a load applied to the actuator; and a first valve opening signal or a second signal based on the detected load. A learning correction means for learning and correcting the valve opening signal.
【００１４】また、第６の発明は、前記第５の発明にお
いて、前記学習補正手段は、第１開弁信号または第２開
弁信号のうちの少なくとも一方が所定値未満となったと
きに警告を発生する警告手段とを備える。In a sixth aspect based on the fifth aspect, the learning correction means is configured to warn when at least one of the first valve opening signal and the second valve opening signal is less than a predetermined value. Warning means for generating
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の効果】第１の発明は、開弁初期には第２開弁信
号によって開弁維持状態よりもさらにアクチュエータを
開弁方向へ駆動することで、迅速に針弁の開弁を行うと
ともに、開弁後期には開弁状態を維持可能な第１開弁信
号へ切り換えることにより、第２開弁信号を維持した状
態から閉弁信号へ切り換える場合に比して、閉弁動作に
おけるアクチュエータ及びピストンのストロークを短縮
するので、速やかに閉弁動作を行うことが可能となっ
て、前記従来例に比して閉弁時の応答性を向上させるこ
とが可能となり、開弁及び閉弁共に応答性を向上させる
ことができ、燃料噴射制御の精度を向上させることが可
能となる。According to the first invention, the needle valve is quickly opened by driving the actuator further in the valve opening direction than in the valve opening maintaining state by the second valve opening signal in the early stage of the valve opening. By switching to the first valve-opening signal that can maintain the valve-open state in the later stage of valve-opening, the actuator and the valve in the valve-closing operation can be switched from the state in which the second valve-opening signal is maintained to the valve-closing signal. Since the stroke of the piston is shortened, the valve closing operation can be promptly performed, and the response at the time of closing the valve can be improved as compared with the conventional example. Performance can be improved, and the accuracy of fuel injection control can be improved.
【００１６】また、第２の発明は、タイマのカウントに
よって第２開弁信号から第１開弁信号への切り換えを行
うため、簡易な制御によって開弁及び閉弁共に応答性を
向上させることができる。In the second invention, the switching from the second valve-opening signal to the first valve-opening signal is performed by counting the timer, so that the responsiveness of both the valve-opening and valve-closing can be improved by simple control. it can.
【００１７】また、第３の発明は、アクチュエータに加
わる荷重を検出する荷重センサを備えて、荷重の検出値
が所定値となったときに第２開弁信号から第１開弁信号
へ切り換えるため、開弁期間にかかわらず正確な燃料噴
射制御を行うことができる。Further, the third invention is provided with a load sensor for detecting a load applied to the actuator, and for switching from the second valve opening signal to the first valve opening signal when the detected value of the load becomes a predetermined value. Thus, accurate fuel injection control can be performed regardless of the valve opening period.
【００１８】また、第４の発明は、第１開弁信号はピス
トンに加わる荷重の絶対値が弾性部材が発生する付勢力
の絶対値よりも大きく設定されるため、差圧室の圧力は
弾性部材に抗して針弁の開弁状態を維持することができ
る。In the fourth invention, the absolute value of the load applied to the piston is set to be greater than the absolute value of the urging force generated by the elastic member in the first valve-opening signal. The open state of the needle valve can be maintained against the member.
【００１９】また、第５の発明は、荷重センサの検出荷
重に基づいて第１開弁信号または第２開弁信号を学習補
正することで、圧電素子等からなるアクチュエータの温
度変化や各部品の寸法公差または経時変化に起因する荷
重変動を確実に抑制することが可能となって、燃料噴射
弁の噴射特性のばらつきや経時変化を確実に防いで、常
時正確な燃料噴射を実現することができる。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the first valve opening signal or the second valve opening signal is learned and corrected based on the load detected by the load sensor, so that the temperature change of the actuator composed of a piezoelectric element or the like and the change of each part can be achieved. Load variations due to dimensional tolerances or changes over time can be reliably suppressed, and variations in injection characteristics of fuel injection valves and changes over time can be reliably prevented, and accurate fuel injection can always be achieved. .
【００２０】また、第６の発明は、補正された第１開弁
信号または第２開弁信号のうちの少なくとも一方が所定
値未満となったときには、針弁が固着して変位できない
場合や、アクチュエータの故障等が考えられ、このよう
な異常を確実に検知して、運転者へ知らせることが可能
となる。Further, according to a sixth aspect of the present invention, when at least one of the corrected first valve opening signal and the corrected second valve opening signal is less than a predetermined value, the needle valve is stuck and cannot be displaced. It is possible that the actuator has a failure or the like, and such an abnormality can be reliably detected and notified to the driver.
【００２１】[0021]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明を筒内噴射式火花点
火エンジンに配設される燃料噴射弁の駆動装置に適用し
た一実施形態を添付図面に基づいて説明する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a drive device for a fuel injection valve provided in a direct injection type spark ignition engine will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
【００２２】図１において、燃料噴射弁３０のケーシン
グ９の先端部には、図示しないエンジンの燃焼室に臨ま
せるノズルボディ１が設けられ、このノズルボディ１は
先端に開口した噴口１ａから、燃料噴霧を燃焼室内へ向
けて噴射するように構成される。In FIG. 1, a nozzle body 1 is provided at a tip end of a casing 9 of a fuel injection valve 30 so as to face a combustion chamber of an engine (not shown). The spray is configured to be injected into the combustion chamber.
【００２３】ノズルボディ１の内部には、噴口１ａ側に
弁体２ａを形成する一方、他端にピストン部２ｃを形成
した針弁２が摺動可能に収装され、ノズルボディ１の内
部には針弁２のを取り囲むように燃圧室３が画成され
て、噴口１ａは針弁２によって開閉される。A needle valve 2 having a valve body 2a formed on the side of the injection port 1a and a piston part 2c formed at the other end is slidably housed inside the nozzle body 1, and is slidably housed inside the nozzle body 1. The fuel pressure chamber 3 is defined so as to surround the needle valve 2, and the nozzle 1 a is opened and closed by the needle valve 2.
【００２４】燃圧室３への加圧燃料の供給は、ケーシン
グ９の側面に開口した燃料入口６から行われ、この燃料
入口６は図示しない燃料供給手段と連通する。The supply of pressurized fuel to the fuel pressure chamber 3 is performed from a fuel inlet 6 opened on the side surface of the casing 9, and the fuel inlet 6 communicates with fuel supply means (not shown).
【００２５】針弁２は、噴口１ａ側のノズルボディ１の
シート部と接離する弁体２ａを形成する一方、ケーシン
グ９の隔壁９a側の基端（図中右側）にはノズルボディ
１の内周を摺動するピストン部２ｃが形成され、弁体２
ａとピストン部２ｃの間には棒状のロッド部２ｂが形成
される。The needle valve 2 forms a valve body 2a which comes into contact with and separates from the seat portion of the nozzle body 1 on the side of the injection port 1a, while the base end (right side in the figure) of the casing 9 on the partition wall 9a side has the nozzle body 1 A piston portion 2c sliding on the inner periphery is formed, and the valve body 2
A rod-shaped rod portion 2b is formed between a and the piston portion 2c.
【００２６】針弁２のピストン部２ｃの背面、すなわ
ち、ケーシング９の隔壁９ａと対向する側には、ピスト
ン部２ｃと隔壁９ａとの間に差圧室８が画成され、この
差圧室８にはピストン部２ｃを介して針弁２を閉弁方向
へ付勢する弾性部材としてのリターンスプリング４が介
装される。そして、ピストン部２ｃの端面と隔壁９ａと
の間には所定の間隙等からなる絞り通路２０が形成さ
れ、この絞り通路２０を介して燃圧室３と差圧室８の間
で燃料の移動を徐々に行うことができる。On the back surface of the piston portion 2c of the needle valve 2, that is, on the side of the casing 9 facing the partition wall 9a, a differential pressure chamber 8 is defined between the piston portion 2c and the partition wall 9a. A return spring 4 as an elastic member that urges the needle valve 2 in the valve closing direction via the piston portion 2c is interposed in 8. A throttle passage 20 having a predetermined gap or the like is formed between the end face of the piston portion 2c and the partition wall 9a. The fuel moves between the fuel pressure chamber 3 and the differential pressure chamber 8 via the throttle passage 20. Can be done gradually.
【００２７】一方、ケーシング９の隔壁９ａよりも基端
側（図中右側）は筒状に形成されており、内周には圧電
素子からなるピエゾアクチュエータ１０が軸方向（図中
左右方向）へ伸縮自在に配設され、ケーシング９の開口
端（基端）には封止部材１６が配設される。On the other hand, the base end side (right side in the figure) of the casing 9 with respect to the partition wall 9a is formed in a cylindrical shape, and a piezo actuator 10 composed of a piezoelectric element is provided on the inner periphery in the axial direction (left-right direction in the figure). A sealing member 16 is provided at the opening end (base end) of the casing 9 so as to be extendable and contractible.
【００２８】なお、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０は、ＰＺ
Ｔ（チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛）系セラミック、ＰＭＮ（ニ
オブ酸マグネシウム酸鉛）系セラミックなどからなる圧
電素子を円盤状に形成した部材を多数積層し、これら、
各圧電素子間及び両端には図示しない電極が介装され
て、図示しないコントローラからの印加電圧に応じてピ
エゾアクチュエータ１０は、軸方向へ伸縮する。The piezo actuator 10 has a PZ
A large number of disc-shaped piezoelectric elements made of T (lead zirconate titanate) ceramic, PMN (lead magnesium niobate) ceramic, etc. are laminated,
Electrodes (not shown) are interposed between the piezoelectric elements and both ends, and the piezo actuator 10 expands and contracts in the axial direction according to a voltage applied from a controller (not shown).
【００２９】隔壁９ａと対向したピエゾアクチュエータ
１０の先端には、ピストン１１が固設される。このピス
トン１１と隔壁９ａの間には圧力室１３が画成され、こ
の圧力室１３は隔壁９ａに設けた貫通孔９ｂを介して差
圧室８と連通する。なお、ピストン１１の外周とケーシ
ング９の内周との間には、圧力室１３からの燃料漏れを
防ぐＯリング１２が設けられる。A piston 11 is fixedly provided at the tip of the piezo actuator 10 facing the partition 9a. A pressure chamber 13 is defined between the piston 11 and the partition 9a, and the pressure chamber 13 communicates with the differential pressure chamber 8 through a through hole 9b provided in the partition 9a. An O-ring 12 for preventing fuel leakage from the pressure chamber 13 is provided between the outer periphery of the piston 11 and the inner periphery of the casing 9.
【００３０】なお、ピストン１１と隔壁９ａとの間に
は、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０を収縮方向へ付勢する付
勢手段として、皿バネ状のリターンスプリング２２が介
装される。A return spring 22 in the form of a disc spring is interposed between the piston 11 and the partition wall 9a as urging means for urging the piezo actuator 10 in the contracting direction.
【００３１】一方、封止部材１６と対向したピエゾアク
チュエータ１０の基端側には板状のスペーサ１４が固設
され、このスペーサ１４と封止部材１６との間にはボー
ル１５が介装される。このボール１５は、ピエゾアクチ
ュエータ１０の軸線上に設けられて、封止部材１６に対
するピエゾアクチュエータ１０の相対的な回動を許容
し、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０に軸まわりのねじれが発
生するのを防止する。On the other hand, a plate-shaped spacer 14 is fixed to the base end side of the piezo actuator 10 facing the sealing member 16, and a ball 15 is interposed between the spacer 14 and the sealing member 16. You. The ball 15 is provided on the axis of the piezo actuator 10 to allow relative rotation of the piezo actuator 10 with respect to the sealing member 16 to prevent the piezo actuator 10 from being twisted around its axis.
【００３２】次に、燃料噴射弁３０の動作について説明
する。Next, the operation of the fuel injection valve 30 will be described.
【００３３】図１は、エンジン停止時における燃料噴射
弁３０の閉弁状態を示しており、コントローラ５は所定
の閉弁電圧Ｖ０を印加してピエゾアクチュエータ１０を
伸長駆動する一方、図示しない燃圧供給回路より所定の
圧力Ｐｆの加圧燃料が燃料入口６を介して燃圧室３へ供
給される。FIG. 1 shows a closed state of the fuel injection valve 30 when the engine is stopped. The controller 5 applies a predetermined valve closing voltage V0 to extend and drive the piezo actuator 10, while supplying a fuel pressure (not shown). Pressurized fuel at a predetermined pressure Pf is supplied from the circuit to the fuel pressure chamber 3 through the fuel inlet 6.
【００３４】ピエゾアクチュエータ１０は印加された閉
弁電圧Ｖ０に応じて針弁２側へ伸長し、リターンスプリ
ング２２の付勢力に抗して最伸長位置まで駆動され、ピ
エゾアクチュエータ１０の伸長に伴って、ピストン１１
は圧力室１３の容積を縮小する方向（隔壁９ａ側）へ移
動し、圧力室１３の圧力は上昇し、同時に、圧力室１３
と連通する差圧室８の圧力も上昇するため、差圧室８の
圧力上昇とリターンスプリング４の付勢力によって、ピ
ストン部２ｃは燃圧室３の圧力に抗して噴口１ａ側に押
圧されて閉弁することができる。The piezo actuator 10 extends toward the needle valve 2 in response to the applied valve closing voltage V 0, and is driven to the most extended position against the urging force of the return spring 22. , Piston 11
Moves in the direction of reducing the volume of the pressure chamber 13 (to the side of the partition wall 9a), and the pressure in the pressure chamber 13 increases.
The pressure of the differential pressure chamber 8 communicating with the pressure chamber 8 also increases, so that the pressure of the differential pressure chamber 8 and the urging force of the return spring 4 push the piston portion 2c against the pressure of the fuel pressure chamber 3 toward the injection port 1a. The valve can be closed.
【００３５】一方、燃料噴射弁３０の開弁駆動は、コン
トローラ５がピエゾアクチュエータ１０への印加する駆
動電圧を、上記閉弁電圧から後述する開弁電圧へ切り換
えることにより行われ、アクチュエータ１０は上記伸長
状態から急激に収縮する。On the other hand, the valve opening drive of the fuel injection valve 30 is performed by the controller 5 switching the driving voltage applied to the piezo actuator 10 from the valve closing voltage to the valve opening voltage described later. It contracts rapidly from the extended state.
【００３６】ピエゾアクチュエータ１０は、コントロー
ラ５からの開弁電圧に伴って収縮するとともに、リター
ンスプリング２２によって最収縮位置へ向けて付勢され
る。The piezo actuator 10 contracts according to the valve opening voltage from the controller 5 and is urged by the return spring 22 toward the most contracted position.
【００３７】この開弁状態では、ピエゾアクチュエータ
１０が収縮状態にあるため、ピストン１１は封止部材１
６側へ変位して圧力室１３の容積は急増する。In this open state, the piezo actuator 10 is in a contracted state, and the piston 11 is
6 and the volume of the pressure chamber 13 increases rapidly.
【００３８】圧力室１３の内圧は容積の急増に伴って急
減圧し、この急減圧に伴って差圧室８の圧力も急減す
る。差圧室８は急減圧する一方、燃圧室３には常時所定
の燃圧Ｐｆが加わっているため、針弁２のピストン部２
ｃに加わる前後差圧は増大して、針弁２はリターンスプ
リング４の付勢力に抗して開弁方向（隔壁９ａ側）へ変
位する。The internal pressure of the pressure chamber 13 is rapidly reduced as the volume is rapidly increased, and the pressure in the differential pressure chamber 8 is also rapidly reduced as the pressure is reduced. While the pressure in the differential pressure chamber 8 is rapidly reduced, a predetermined fuel pressure Pf is constantly applied to the fuel pressure chamber 3.
The front-back differential pressure applied to c increases, and the needle valve 2 is displaced in the valve opening direction (the partition 9a side) against the urging force of the return spring 4.
【００３９】この、針弁２の変位に伴って弁体２ａは開
弁して噴口１ａが開き、燃料入口６から供給された燃圧
室３内の加圧燃料は、図示しない燃焼室内に噴射され
る。With the displacement of the needle valve 2, the valve element 2a opens to open the injection port 1a, and the pressurized fuel in the fuel pressure chamber 3 supplied from the fuel inlet 6 is injected into a combustion chamber (not shown). You.
【００４０】上記針弁２の開閉駆動はピストン部２ｃの
前後差圧ΔＰと、リターンスプリング４の付勢力の関係
に応じて行われ、燃圧室３の圧力をＰ１、ピストン１１
の受圧面積をＡ、差圧室８の圧力をＰ２とし、リターン
スプリング４が発生する付勢力をＦｋとすると、まず、
ピストン部２ｃに加わる差圧ΔＰは、 ΔＰ＝Ｐ２−Ｐ１ であり、針弁２が閉弁状態の時にピストン１１に加わる
荷重を閉弁荷重Ｆ０すると、 ｜Ｆ０｜＝｜ΔＰ×Ａ｜ ………（１） で表される一方、針弁２が開弁状態の時にピストン１１
に加わる荷重を開弁維持荷重Ｆ２とすると、 ｜Ｆ２｜＝｜ΔＰ×Ａ｜＞｜Ｆｋ｜ ………（２） となるように、リターンスプリング４のバネ定数が設定
され、Ｆ２＞Ｆ０となる。The opening and closing drive of the needle valve 2 is performed in accordance with the relationship between the pressure difference ΔP between the front and rear of the piston portion 2c and the urging force of the return spring 4;
Assuming that the pressure receiving area is A, the pressure in the differential pressure chamber 8 is P2, and the urging force generated by the return spring 4 is Fk,
The differential pressure ΔP applied to the piston portion 2c is ΔP = P2−P1. When the load applied to the piston 11 when the needle valve 2 is in the closed state is the valve closing load F0, | F0 | = | ΔP × A | (1) On the other hand, when the needle valve 2 is open, the piston 11
Assuming that the load applied to the valve is the valve-opening maintenance load F2, the spring constant of the return spring 4 is set such that | F2 | = | ΔP × A |> | Fk | (2) Become.
【００４１】次に、コントローラ５は、エンジンの運転
状態に応じて開弁信号Ｓｉまたは閉弁信号Ｓｓからなる
駆動信号Ｓを指令する燃料噴射司令部５０と、開弁信号
Ｓｉが発生した時点から所定時間ｔ１までをカウントす
るとタイマ６１を備え、駆動部５２はこれらタイマ６１
と駆動信号Ｓの状態に応じて、ピエゾアクチュエータ１
０へ所定の電圧を印加して針弁２を開閉駆動する。な
お、駆動信号Ｓは、開弁信号ＳｉをＨｉレベル、閉弁信
号ＳｓをＬｏレベルとする。Next, the controller 5 includes a fuel injection command unit 50 for instructing a drive signal S consisting of a valve opening signal Si or a valve closing signal Ss in accordance with the operating state of the engine. When the timer counts up to a predetermined time t1, a timer 61 is provided.
And piezo actuator 1 according to the state of drive signal S
A predetermined voltage is applied to 0 to open / close the needle valve 2. In the drive signal S, the valve opening signal Si is set to the Hi level, and the valve closing signal Ss is set to the Lo level.
【００４２】すなわち、開弁信号Ｓｉが発生してから開
弁初期の所定時間ｔ１までは、ピストン１１に上記開弁
維持荷重Ｆ２を超える開弁開始荷重Ｆ１が加わるような
開弁開始電圧Ｖ１（第２開弁信号）をピエゾアクチュエ
ータ１０に印加する。That is, from the generation of the valve-opening signal Si to the predetermined time t1 at the beginning of valve-opening, the valve-opening start voltage V1 ( The second valve opening signal is applied to the piezo actuator 10.
【００４３】所定時間ｔ１が経過した後の開弁後期で
は、ピストン１１に上記開弁維持荷重Ｆ２が加わるよう
な開弁維持電圧Ｖ２（第１開弁信号）をピエゾアクチュ
エータ１０に印加し、この開弁維持電圧Ｖ２を閉弁信号
Ｓｓが指令されるまで維持し、閉弁指令信号Ｓｓが発生
するとピエゾアクチュエータ１０に所定の閉弁電圧Ｖ０
を印加し、伸長駆動させてピストン１１には上記閉弁荷
重Ｆ０が加わって針弁２を閉弁駆動する。In the latter period after the predetermined time t1 has elapsed, a valve-opening maintenance voltage V2 (first valve-opening signal) that applies the valve-opening maintenance load F2 to the piston 11 is applied to the piezo actuator 10. The valve-opening maintenance voltage V2 is maintained until the valve-closing signal Ss is commanded. When the valve-closing command signal Ss is generated, a predetermined valve-closing voltage V0 is applied to the piezo actuator 10.
Is applied, and the piston 11 is driven to extend to apply the valve closing load F0 to drive the needle valve 2 to close.
【００４４】ここで、ピストン１１に加わる各荷重は絶
対値で表され、これらの関係は、 開弁開始荷重｜Ｆ１｜＞開弁維持荷重｜Ｆ２｜＞閉弁荷重｜Ｆ０｜ ………（３） そして、ピストン１１を駆動するためのピエゾアクチュ
エータ１０への各印加電圧の関係は、 閉弁電圧Ｖ０＞開弁維持電圧Ｖ２＞開弁開始電圧Ｖ１ ………（４） に予め設定される。Here, each load applied to the piston 11 is represented by an absolute value, and these relations are as follows: valve opening start load | F1 |> valve opening maintenance load | F2 |> valve closing load | F0 | 3) The relationship between the voltages applied to the piezo actuator 10 for driving the piston 11 is set in advance as follows: valve closing voltage V0> valve opening maintaining voltage V2> valve opening start voltage V1 (4). .
【００４５】ここで、コントローラ５で行われるピエゾ
アクチュエータ１０の駆動制御の一例を、図２のフロー
チャートを参照しながら以下に詳述する。なお、このフ
ローチャートは、例えば、所定時間ごとに実行されるも
のである。Here, an example of the drive control of the piezo actuator 10 performed by the controller 5 will be described in detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG. This flowchart is executed, for example, every predetermined time.
【００４６】ステップＳ１では、駆動信号Ｓを読み込む
とともに、開弁信号Ｓｉであるか否かを判定して、駆動
信号Ｓが開弁信号Ｓｉへ変化していればステップＳ２へ
進んで、所定の開弁開始電圧Ｖ１をピエゾアクチュエー
タ１０へ印加して、伸長状態から急激に収縮駆動させて
針弁２の開弁駆動を開始する一方、閉弁信号Ｓｓのまま
であればステップＳ７へ進んで、引き続き閉弁電圧Ｖ０
をピエゾアクチュエータ１０に印加して針弁２の閉弁状
態を保持する。In step S1, the driving signal S is read, and it is determined whether or not the driving signal S is the valve opening signal Si. If the driving signal S has changed to the valve opening signal Si, the process proceeds to step S2, where The valve opening start voltage V1 is applied to the piezo actuator 10 to rapidly drive the needle valve 2 to contract from the extended state and start the valve opening drive of the needle valve 2. On the other hand, if the valve closing signal Ss remains, the process proceeds to step S7. Continued valve closing voltage V0
Is applied to the piezo actuator 10 to keep the needle valve 2 closed.
【００４７】そして、ステップＳ３では、開弁開始電圧
Ｖ１の印加からの時間を測定するため、タイマの加算を
開始して、ステップＳ４でタイマの値が所定値ｔ１にな
るまでステップＳ３の加算を繰り返す。Then, in step S3, the addition of the timer is started in order to measure the time from the application of the valve opening start voltage V1, and in step S4, the addition of step S3 is performed until the value of the timer reaches the predetermined value t1. repeat.
【００４８】ステップＳ４で所定時間ｔ１の経過が判定
されると、ステップＳ５へ進んで、ピエゾアクチュエー
タ１０への印加電圧を開弁開始電圧Ｖ１から開弁維持電
圧Ｖ２へ増大し、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０を若干伸長
駆動させて、ピストン１１に加わる力を針弁２の開弁を
維持するのに必要十分な開弁維持荷重Ｆ２とし、針弁２
の開弁状態を維持して燃圧室３内の燃料を噴射する。If it is determined in step S4 that the predetermined time t1 has elapsed, the process proceeds to step S5, in which the voltage applied to the piezo actuator 10 is increased from the valve opening start voltage V1 to the valve opening maintaining voltage V2. By slightly extending the drive, the force applied to the piston 11 is set to a valve opening maintaining load F2 necessary and sufficient to maintain the needle valve 2 open, and the needle valve 2
The fuel in the fuel pressure chamber 3 is injected while maintaining the valve open state.
【００４９】そして、ステップＳ６では、再び駆動信号
Ｓを読み込むとともに、開弁信号Ｓｉが閉弁信号Ｓｓに
変化したかを判定して、開弁信号Ｓｉのままであればス
テップＳ５へ戻って開弁維持電圧Ｖ２を保持するととも
に燃料噴射を継続する一方、閉弁信号Ｓｓに変化した場
合には、ステップＳ７へ進んでピエゾアクチュエータ１
０への印加電圧を開弁維持電圧Ｖ２から閉弁電圧Ｖ０へ
増大し、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０を最伸長位置へ駆動
させて、ピストン１１に加わる力が針弁２を閉弁させる
閉弁荷重Ｆ２とし、開弁していた針弁２を閉弁させた
後、タイマをリセットして処理を終了する。In step S6, the drive signal S is read again, and it is determined whether the valve opening signal Si has changed to the valve closing signal Ss. If the valve opening signal Si remains, the process returns to step S5 to open. While maintaining the valve maintenance voltage V2 and continuing the fuel injection, if the signal has changed to the valve closing signal Ss, the process proceeds to step S7, where the piezo actuator 1
The applied voltage to 0 is increased from the valve-opening maintenance voltage V2 to the valve-closing voltage V0, the piezo actuator 10 is driven to the most extended position, and the force applied to the piston 11 is set to a valve-closing load F2 for closing the needle valve 2. After closing the opened needle valve 2, the timer is reset and the process is terminated.
【００５０】上記処理を所定時間ごとに実行するとによ
り、開弁信号Ｓｉと閉弁信号Ｓｓによる燃料噴射弁３０
の開閉動作は図３のようなる。By executing the above-described processing at predetermined time intervals, the fuel injection valve 30 based on the valve opening signal Si and the valve closing signal Ss is obtained.
The opening / closing operation of is as shown in FIG.
【００５１】いま、時間ｔ０で開弁信号Ｓｉが発生する
と、閉弁状態で伸長していたピエゾアクチュエータ１０
には、開弁信号Ｓｉが発生した時点から所定時間ｔ１の
間は、ピストン１１に加わる力が開弁維持荷重Ｆ２未満
の開弁開始荷重Ｆ１となるように開弁開始電圧Ｖ１が印
加され、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０を急激に収縮させ
て、差圧室８の容積の拡大を迅速に行って針弁２を迅速
に開弁することができる。Now, when the valve opening signal Si is generated at time t0, the piezo actuator 10 which has been extended in the valve closed state.
During the predetermined time t1 from the time when the valve opening signal Si is generated, the valve opening start voltage V1 is applied so that the force applied to the piston 11 becomes the valve opening start load F1 less than the valve opening maintaining load F2, By rapidly contracting the piezo actuator 10, the volume of the differential pressure chamber 8 can be rapidly increased, and the needle valve 2 can be quickly opened.
【００５２】このとき、駆動電圧Ｖは時間ｔ０より、閉
弁電圧Ｖ０から開弁開始電圧Ｖ１へ急激に減少して、時
間ｔ１以前にＶ１へ到達した後、この開弁開始電圧Ｖ１
を維持する。一方、ピストン１１に加わる荷重は、ピエ
ゾアクチュエータ１０等の応答遅れより、所定時間ｔ１
を経過した付近で開弁開始荷重Ｆ１に到達する。At this time, the drive voltage V sharply decreases from the valve closing voltage V0 to the valve opening start voltage V1 from time t0, and reaches V1 before the time t1.
To maintain. On the other hand, the load applied to the piston 11 has a predetermined time t1 due to a response delay of the piezo actuator 10 or the like.
, The valve opening start load F1 is reached.
【００５３】所定時間ｔ１が経過した後には、ピエゾア
クチュエータ１０への印加電圧は開弁開始電圧Ｖ１から
開弁維持電圧Ｖ２へ上昇し、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０
は開弁初期に比して伸長して、ピストン１１に加わる力
を、上記２式に示したように、リターンスプリング４の
付勢力Ｆｋに抗して、針弁２の開弁状態を維持する開弁
維持荷重Ｆ２に設定することができる。After the predetermined time t1 has elapsed, the voltage applied to the piezo actuator 10 rises from the valve opening start voltage V1 to the valve opening maintaining voltage V2, and the piezo actuator 10
Is extended compared to the initial stage of valve opening, and maintains the valve-open state of the needle valve 2 against the urging force Fk of the return spring 4 against the force applied to the piston 11 as shown in the above equation (2). The valve opening maintenance load F2 can be set.
【００５４】そして、時間ｔ２において駆動信号Ｓが閉
弁信号Ｓｓへ変化すると、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０へ
の印加電圧は、開弁維持電圧Ｖ２から閉弁電圧Ｖ０へ復
帰して、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０を伸長駆動させて差
圧室８の圧力を上昇させることで、針弁２のピストン部
２ｃに加わる圧力差を増大して閉弁させることができ、
図３に示すように、駆動部５２の内部回路の応答遅れや
ピエゾアクチュエータ１０等の応答遅れに応じて、閉弁
信号Ｓｓが発生した時間ｔ２以降の時間ｔ３で実際の閉
弁が行われて燃料噴射が終了する。When the drive signal S changes to the valve closing signal Ss at the time t2, the voltage applied to the piezo actuator 10 returns from the valve opening maintaining voltage V2 to the valve closing voltage V0, and the piezo actuator 10 is driven to extend. By increasing the pressure in the differential pressure chamber 8, the pressure difference applied to the piston portion 2c of the needle valve 2 can be increased to close the valve,
As shown in FIG. 3, according to the response delay of the internal circuit of the drive unit 52 or the response delay of the piezo actuator 10, the actual valve closing is performed at time t3 after the time t2 at which the valve closing signal Ss is generated. The fuel injection ends.
【００５５】こうして、所定時間ｔ１までの開弁初期の
み、ピストン１１に加わる荷重の絶対値が最大となるよ
うに、印加電圧を開弁維持電圧Ｖ２より一時的にオーバ
ーシュートさせることで、針弁２の開弁を迅速かつ確実
に行った後、開弁状態を維持するのに必要十分な駆動電
圧である開弁維持電圧Ｖ２へ上昇させてピエゾアクチュ
エータ１０を若干伸長させておき、その後、閉弁信号Ｓ
ｓの発生により、閉弁電圧Ｖ０を印加してピエゾアクチ
ュエータ１０を最伸長位置まで駆動して針弁２の閉弁を
行うが、この閉弁動作は、前記従来例のように電圧の印
加を矩形波状に行って、開弁開始電圧Ｖ１を維持した状
態から閉弁電圧Ｖ０へ上昇させるのに比して、ピエゾア
クチュエータ１０及ピストン１１のストロークを短縮す
ることで、速やかに閉弁を行うことが可能となって、前
記従来例に比して閉弁時の応答性を向上させることが可
能となり、開弁及び閉弁共に応答性を向上させることが
でき、燃料噴射制御の精度を向上させることが可能とな
るのである。In this way, the applied voltage is temporarily overshot from the valve-opening maintenance voltage V2 so that the absolute value of the load applied to the piston 11 is maximized only during the initial period of the valve opening until the predetermined time t1. After the valve is opened quickly and reliably, the piezo actuator 10 is slightly extended by raising to a valve-opening maintenance voltage V2 which is a driving voltage necessary and sufficient to maintain the valve-opening state, and then closes. Valve signal S
Due to the occurrence of s, the valve closing voltage V0 is applied to drive the piezo actuator 10 to the most extended position to close the needle valve 2. This valve closing operation is performed by applying the voltage as in the conventional example. The valve is quickly closed by shortening the stroke of the piezo actuator 10 and the piston 11 as compared with raising the voltage to the valve closing voltage V0 from the state in which the valve opening start voltage V1 is maintained by performing a rectangular wave shape. It is possible to improve the responsiveness at the time of closing the valve as compared with the conventional example, to improve the responsiveness of both the opening and closing of the valve, and to improve the accuracy of the fuel injection control. It becomes possible.
【００５６】図４は第２の実施形態を示し、前記第１実
施形態のピストン１１とピエゾアクチュエータ１０との
間に、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０に加わる荷重を検出す
る荷重センサ７を介装するともに、コントローラ５のに
は荷重センサ７の検出値から開弁開始荷重Ｆ１及び開弁
維持荷重Ｆ２を測定する荷重測定部５１と、この測定し
た荷重に基づいて開弁開始電圧Ｖ１及び開弁維持電圧Ｖ
２を学習補正する学習補正部５３を設けたものである。FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment, in which a load sensor 7 for detecting a load applied to the piezo actuator 10 is interposed between the piston 11 and the piezo actuator 10 of the first embodiment, and a controller is provided. 5 includes a load measuring unit 51 for measuring the valve opening start load F1 and the valve opening maintaining load F2 from the detection values of the load sensor 7, and the valve opening starting voltage V1 and the valve opening maintaining voltage V based on the measured loads.
2 is provided with a learning correction unit 53 for learning correction.
【００５７】隔壁９ａと対向したピエゾアクチュエータ
１０の先端とピストン１１の間には、非導電性部材から
なるスペーサ１７と荷重センサ７が介装される。A spacer 17 made of a non-conductive member and a load sensor 7 are interposed between the tip of the piezo actuator 10 facing the partition 9a and the piston 11.
【００５８】スペーサ１７を介してピストン１１との間
に配設された荷重センサ７は、例えば、圧電素子で構成
されて、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０に加わる荷重、すな
わち、ピストン１１に加わる荷重を電圧に変換し、コン
トローラ５の荷重測定部５１はこの電圧に基づいて算出
した荷重から、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０を駆動する駆
動電圧Ｖの学習補正値を出力する。The load sensor 7 disposed between the piston 11 via the spacer 17 is composed of, for example, a piezoelectric element, and converts a load applied to the piezo actuator 10, that is, a load applied to the piston 11 into a voltage. Then, the load measuring unit 51 of the controller 5 outputs a learning correction value of the driving voltage V for driving the piezo actuator 10 from the load calculated based on the voltage.
【００５９】次に、コントローラ５で行われるピエゾア
クチュエータ１０の学習補正及び駆動制御の一例を、図
４のフローチャートを参照しながら以下に詳述する。な
お、上記と同様に、このフローチャートは、例えば、所
定時間ごとに実行されるものである。Next, an example of learning correction and drive control of the piezo actuator 10 performed by the controller 5 will be described in detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG. Note that, similarly to the above, this flowchart is executed, for example, every predetermined time.
【００６０】ステップＳ２１では、駆動信号Ｓを読み込
むとともに、開弁信号Ｓｉであるか否かを判定して、駆
動信号Ｓが閉弁信号Ｓｓから開弁信号Ｓｉへ変化してい
れば、ステップＳ２２へ進む一方、閉弁信号Ｓｓのまま
であればステップＳ３６へ進んで、引き続き閉弁電圧Ｖ
０をピエゾアクチュエータ１０に印加する。In step S21, the driving signal S is read, and it is determined whether or not the driving signal S is the valve opening signal Si. If the driving signal S has changed from the valve closing signal Ss to the valve opening signal Si, step S22 On the other hand, if the valve closing signal Ss remains, the process proceeds to step S36, where the valve closing voltage V
0 is applied to the piezo actuator 10.
【００６１】ステップＳ２２では、開弁開始電圧Ｖ１及
び開弁維持電圧Ｖ２の学習補正値Ｖ１old及びＶ２oldを
それぞれ読み込んで、ステップＳ２３でこれら学習補正
値Ｖ１old及びＶ２oldを、現在の開弁開始電圧Ｖ１及び
開弁維持電圧Ｖ２として設定する。In step S22, the learning correction values V1old and V2old of the valve opening start voltage V1 and the valve opening maintaining voltage V2 are read, respectively. In step S23, the learning correction values V1old and V2old are read and the current valve opening start voltages V1 and V2old are used. It is set as the valve-opening maintenance voltage V2.
【００６２】そして、ステップＳ２４では、この開弁開
始電圧Ｖ１をピエゾアクチュエータ１０へ印加して、伸
長状態から急激に収縮駆動させて針弁２の開弁駆動を開
始する。In step S24, the valve opening start voltage V1 is applied to the piezo actuator 10, and the needle valve 2 is started to open by rapidly contracting from the extended state.
【００６３】ステップＳ２５では、開弁開始電圧Ｖ１の
印加開始からの時間を測定するためタイマの加算を開始
し、そして、ステップＳ２６では、ステップＳ４でタイ
マの値が所定値ｔ１になるまでステップＳ３の加算を繰
り返すとともに、開弁開始電圧Ｖ１の印加を継続する。In step S25, addition of a timer is started to measure the time from the start of application of the valve opening start voltage V1, and in step S26, step S3 is performed until the timer value reaches a predetermined value t1 in step S4. And the application of the valve opening start voltage V1 is continued.
【００６４】ステップＳ２６でタイマが所定時間ｔ１を
経過すると、ステップＳ２７で荷重センサ７からの検出
電圧Ｖｂに基づいて、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０に加わ
る開弁開始荷重Ｆ１の測定が行われる。このｔ１が経過
した時点では、図８に示すように、ピエゾアクチュエー
タ１０に加わる荷重は、上記応答遅れによって所定の開
弁開始荷重Ｆ１近傍となっており、この時点の荷重セン
サ７の検出電圧Ｖｂ１’から、図７のマップに基づいて
開弁開始荷重の測定値Ｆ１ａを演算する。なお、図中Ｖ
ｂ０、Ｖｂ２、Ｖｂ１は、それぞれ閉弁荷重Ｆ０、開弁
維持荷重Ｆ２、開弁開始荷重Ｆ１に対応した検出電圧で
ある。When the timer has passed the predetermined time t1 in step S26, the valve opening start load F1 applied to the piezo actuator 10 is measured based on the detected voltage Vb from the load sensor 7 in step S27. At the time when this time t1 has elapsed, as shown in FIG. 8, the load applied to the piezo actuator 10 is near the predetermined valve opening start load F1 due to the response delay, and the detection voltage Vb1 of the load sensor 7 at this time is obtained. , A measured value F1a of the valve opening load is calculated based on the map of FIG. In the figure, V
b0, Vb2, and Vb1 are detection voltages corresponding to the valve closing load F0, the valve opening maintenance load F2, and the valve opening start load F1, respectively.
【００６５】そして、ステップＳ２８では、図６のマッ
プに基づいて、上記開弁開始荷重測定値Ｆ１ａと所定の
開弁開始荷重Ｆ１の差ΔＦ１に応じた駆動電圧ΔＶ１を
演算して、次式により開弁開始電圧Ｖ１を補正する。In step S28, a drive voltage ΔV1 corresponding to a difference ΔF1 between the valve opening start load measurement value F1a and a predetermined valve opening start load F1 is calculated based on the map shown in FIG. The valve opening start voltage V1 is corrected.
【００６６】Ｖ１＝Ｖ１＋ΔＶ１ ………（５） この補正処理が終了すると同時に、ステップＳ２９へ進
んで開弁維持電圧Ｖ２の印加が開始される。V1 = V1 + ΔV1 (5) Simultaneously with the completion of this correction processing, the routine proceeds to step S29, where the application of the valve opening maintaining voltage V2 is started.
【００６７】ピエゾアクチュエータ１０への印加電圧は
開弁開始電圧Ｖ１から開弁維持電圧Ｖ２へ切り換えられ
て、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０は若干伸長駆動して、ピ
ストン１１に加わる力を、針弁２の開弁を維持するのに
必要十分な開弁維持荷重Ｆ２とし、針弁２の開弁状態を
維持して燃圧室３内の燃料を噴射する。The voltage applied to the piezo actuator 10 is switched from the valve opening start voltage V 1 to the valve opening maintaining voltage V 2, and the piezo actuator 10 is slightly extended and driven to apply the force applied to the piston 11 to the valve opening of the needle valve 2. The fuel in the fuel pressure chamber 3 is injected while maintaining the valve-open state of the needle valve 2 with the valve-opening maintenance load F2 necessary and sufficient to maintain the pressure.
【００６８】そして、ステップＳ３０では、再び駆動信
号Ｓを読み込むとともに、開弁信号Ｓｉが閉弁信号Ｓｓ
に変化したかを判定して、開弁信号Ｓｉのままであれば
ステップＳ２９へ戻って開弁維持電圧Ｖ２を保持すると
ともに燃料噴射を継続する一方、駆動信号Ｓが開弁信号
Ｓｉから閉弁信号Ｓｓに変化した場合には、ステップＳ
３１へ進んで、開弁維持電圧Ｖ２の補正処理を行う。In step S30, the drive signal S is read again, and the valve-opening signal Si is changed to the valve-closing signal Ss.
Is determined, and if the valve-opening signal Si remains, the process returns to step S29 to maintain the valve-opening maintenance voltage V2 and continue fuel injection, while the drive signal S changes from the valve-opening signal Si to the valve closing. If the signal has changed to signal Ss, step S
Proceeding to 31, the process of correcting the valve opening maintaining voltage V2 is performed.
【００６９】ステップＳ３０で駆動信号Ｓが閉弁信号Ｓ
ｓに変化すると、ステップＳ３１では荷重センサ７から
の検出電圧Ｖｂに基づいて、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０
に加わる開弁維持荷重Ｆ２の測定が行われる。In step S30, the driving signal S is changed to the valve closing signal S.
s, in step S31, based on the detection voltage Vb from the load sensor 7,
Is measured.
【００７０】この閉弁信号Ｓｓが発生した時間ｔ２で
は、図８に示すように、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０に加
わる荷重は、上記応答遅れによって所定の開弁維持荷重
Ｆ２近傍を維持しており、この時点の荷重センサ７の検
出電圧Ｖｂ２’から、図７のマップに基づいて開弁維持
荷重の測定値Ｆ２ａを演算する。At time t2 when the valve-closing signal Ss is generated, as shown in FIG. 8, the load applied to the piezo actuator 10 is maintained near the predetermined valve-opening maintenance load F2 due to the response delay. From the detected voltage Vb2 'of the load sensor 7, the measured value F2a of the valve opening maintaining load is calculated based on the map of FIG.
【００７１】そして、ステップＳ３２では、図６のマッ
プに基づいて、上記開弁維持荷重測定値Ｆ２ａと所定の
開弁維持荷重Ｆ２の差ΔＦ２に応じた駆動電圧ΔＶ２を
演算して、次式により開弁維持電圧Ｖ２を補正する。In step S32, based on the map shown in FIG. 6, a drive voltage ΔV2 corresponding to a difference ΔF2 between the measured valve-opening maintenance load F2a and a predetermined valve-opening maintenance load F2 is calculated. The valve opening maintaining voltage V2 is corrected.
【００７２】Ｖ２＝Ｖ２＋ΔＶ２ ………（６） この開弁維持電圧Ｖ２の補正が終了すると、ステップＳ
３３で補正後の開弁維持電圧Ｖ２が所定の最小値Ｖmin
未満となったかを判定する。V2 = V2 + ΔV2 (6) When the correction of the valve-opening maintaining voltage V2 is completed, step S is performed.
33, the valve opening maintaining voltage V2 after the correction is equal to a predetermined minimum value Vmin.
It is determined whether it has become less than.
【００７３】補正後の開弁維持電圧Ｖ２が所定の最小値
Ｖmin未満となった状態では、針弁２が固着して変位で
きない場合や、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０が故障あるい
は断線して伸長不能となった場合等が推定され、このよ
うな不具合が発生したと判定してステップＳ３４へ進
み、燃料系統に異常があることを警告灯などで構成され
た警告手段５４を介して運転者へ知らせる。In the state where the corrected valve opening maintaining voltage V2 is less than the predetermined minimum value Vmin, the needle valve 2 is stuck and cannot be displaced, or the piezo actuator 10 fails or breaks and cannot be extended. It is estimated that such a problem has occurred, and the process proceeds to step S34, where the driver is informed that there is an abnormality in the fuel system via a warning means 54 including a warning light.
【００７４】ここで、針弁２が固着して変位できない場
合を判定できるのは、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０が収縮
する際に、針弁２がピエゾアクチュエータ１０側へ変位
できない分だけ、通常よりも圧力室１３の圧力が下が
り、この結果、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０に加わる荷重
が減るからである。従って、前述の通り、開弁維持電圧
Ｖ２の補正を行うと、開弁維持電圧Ｖ２は所定の最小値
Ｖmin未満となって、針弁２の固着を判定することがで
きるのである。Here, the case where the needle valve 2 cannot be displaced due to the sticking of the needle valve 2 can be determined because the needle valve 2 cannot be displaced toward the piezo actuator 10 when the piezo actuator 10 contracts. This is because the pressure applied to the piezo actuator 10 is reduced. Therefore, as described above, when the valve opening maintaining voltage V2 is corrected, the valve opening maintaining voltage V2 becomes less than the predetermined minimum value Vmin, and it is possible to determine the sticking of the needle valve 2.
【００７５】上記開弁維持電圧Ｖ２の補正処理及び異常
判定処理が終了すると同時に、ステップＳ３６では、ピ
エゾアクチュエータ１０への印加電圧を開弁維持電圧Ｖ
２から閉弁電圧Ｖ０へ切り換えて、ピエゾアクチュエー
タ１０を最伸長位置へ駆動させて、ピストン１１に加わ
る力が針弁２を閉弁させる閉弁荷重Ｆ２とし、開弁して
いた針弁２を閉弁させる。At the same time that the correction processing of the valve opening maintaining voltage V2 and the abnormality determination processing are completed, in step S36, the voltage applied to the piezo actuator 10 is changed to the valve opening maintaining voltage V2.
2 to the valve closing voltage V0, the piezo actuator 10 is driven to the most extended position, the force applied to the piston 11 is set to a valve closing load F2 for closing the needle valve 2, and the opened needle valve 2 is Close the valve.
【００７６】そして、ステップＳ３７でタイマをリセッ
トしてから、ステップＳ３８で上記ステップＳ２８、Ｓ
３２で補正した開弁開始電圧Ｖ１及び開弁維持電圧Ｖ２
を学習補正値Ｖ１old、Ｖ２oldへ代入して学習記憶して
から処理を終了する。なお、これら学習補正値Ｖ１ol
d、Ｖ２oldは、コントローラ５に配設された不揮発性メ
モリ等に格納されて、エンジン停止後にも保持されて次
回の運転時に使用される。Then, after resetting the timer in step S37, in step S38 the above steps S28 and S
32, the valve opening start voltage V1 and the valve opening maintaining voltage V2
Are substituted into the learning correction values V1old and V2old, the learning is stored, and the process is terminated. Note that these learning correction values V1ol
d and V2old are stored in a non-volatile memory or the like provided in the controller 5, are retained even after the engine is stopped, and are used in the next operation.
【００７７】こうして、前記第１実施形態と同様に、開
弁初期には開弁維持電圧Ｖ２未満の開弁開始電圧Ｖ１を
一時的に印加してオーバーシュートさせて、針弁２の開
弁を迅速に行った後、開弁状態を維持するのに必要十分
な駆動電圧である開弁維持電圧Ｖ２へ上昇させてピエゾ
アクチュエータ１０を若干伸長させて、閉弁動作の応答
性を向上させるのに加えて、開弁開始電圧Ｖ１及び開弁
維持電圧Ｖ２は、ステップＳ２８、Ｓ３２で燃料噴射の
度に学習補正されるため、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０の
温度変化や各部品の寸法公差または経時変化に起因する
荷重変動を確実に抑制することが可能となって、燃料噴
射弁３０の噴射特性のばらつきや経時変化を確実に防い
で、正確な燃料噴射を実現することが可能となるのであ
る。In this manner, as in the first embodiment, the valve opening start voltage V1 lower than the valve-opening maintenance voltage V2 is temporarily applied in the initial stage of valve opening to cause overshoot, thereby opening the needle valve 2. After the swift operation, the piezo actuator 10 is increased to a valve opening maintaining voltage V2, which is a driving voltage necessary and sufficient to maintain the valve opening state, to slightly extend the piezo actuator 10, thereby improving the responsiveness of the valve closing operation. In addition, since the valve opening start voltage V1 and the valve opening maintaining voltage V2 are learned and corrected each time fuel is injected in steps S28 and S32, they are caused by a temperature change of the piezo actuator 10, a dimensional tolerance of each component, or a change over time. This makes it possible to reliably suppress the load fluctuation, to thereby prevent the injection characteristics of the fuel injection valve 30 from varying and changing over time, thereby realizing accurate fuel injection.
【００７８】さらに、閉弁維持電圧Ｖ２が所定の最小値
Ｖmin未満となるような場合では、針弁２が固着して変
位できない場合や、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０の故障等
が考えられ、このような異常を的確に検知して、運転者
へ知らせることが可能となるのである。Further, when the valve-closing maintaining voltage V2 is less than the predetermined minimum value Vmin, the needle valve 2 may be stuck and cannot be displaced, or the piezo actuator 10 may be damaged. Can be accurately detected and the driver can be informed.
【００７９】また、燃料噴射弁３０の製造時には、荷重
Ｆと検出電圧Ｖｂ及び駆動電圧Ｖのマップまたは関数
と、所定の開弁開始荷重Ｖ１、開弁維持荷重Ｖ２及び閉
弁荷重Ｖ０を設定するだけでよく、各構成部品の寸法公
差によるばらつきを修正する調整工程を不要にして、製
造コストの低減が可能となる。When the fuel injection valve 30 is manufactured, a map or a function of the load F, the detected voltage Vb and the drive voltage V, and a predetermined valve opening start load V1, a valve opening maintaining load V2 and a valve closing load V0 are set. In this case, the adjustment process for correcting the variation due to the dimensional tolerance of each component is not required, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
【００８０】加えて、荷重センサ７をピエゾアクチュエ
ータ１０の先端とピストン１１との間に設けたため、荷
重センサ７の検出値にはピストン１１の慣性が加わるだ
けで、ピエゾアクチュエータ１０の慣性が加わらないの
で、荷重センサ７をピエゾアクチュエータ１０の基端
側、すなわち、スペーサ１４との間に配設した場合に比
して、荷重Ｆの検出精度を向上させて制御精度を向上さ
せることができ、また、荷重センサ７を圧電素子より構
成したため、製造コストの上昇を抑制することができ
る。In addition, since the load sensor 7 is provided between the tip of the piezo actuator 10 and the piston 11, only the inertia of the piston 11 is added to the detection value of the load sensor 7, but the inertia of the piezo actuator 10 is not added. Therefore, as compared with the case where the load sensor 7 is disposed on the base end side of the piezoelectric actuator 10, that is, between the load sensor 7 and the spacer 14, the detection accuracy of the load F can be improved and the control accuracy can be improved. Since the load sensor 7 is constituted by a piezoelectric element, an increase in manufacturing cost can be suppressed.
【００８１】なお、上記ステップＳ２６では、タイマを
用いてピエゾアクチュエータ１０の印加電圧を開弁開始
電圧Ｖ１から開弁維持電圧Ｖ２へ切り換えたが、図示は
しないが、タイマを使用せずに、検出荷重Ｆ１ａが開弁
開始荷重Ｆ１となったときに、開弁開始電圧Ｖ１から開
弁維持電圧Ｖ２へ移行しても同様である。In step S26, the voltage applied to the piezo actuator 10 is switched from the valve opening start voltage V1 to the valve opening maintaining voltage V2 by using a timer. However, although not shown, detection is performed without using the timer. The same applies when the load F1a becomes the valve opening start load F1 and shifts from the valve opening start voltage V1 to the valve opening maintaining voltage V2.
【００８２】また、上記ステップＳ３３において、開弁
維持電圧Ｖ２の補正値と所定値とを比較して異常を判定
したが、図示はしないが、開弁開始電圧Ｖ１の補正値と
所定値とを比較して異常を判定しても同様である。In step S33, the abnormality is determined by comparing the correction value of the valve-opening maintenance voltage V2 with a predetermined value. Although not shown, the correction value of the valve-opening start voltage V1 is compared with the predetermined value. The same is true even if the abnormality is determined by comparison.
【００８３】また、上記実施形態において、ピストン１
１を駆動するアクチュエータとして圧電素子からなるピ
エゾアクチュエータ１０を採用した場合を示したが、図
示はしないが、磁界の強さに応じて伸縮する磁歪素子を
用いた磁歪アクチュエータまたは超磁歪アクチュエータ
を採用しても同様である。In the above embodiment, the piston 1
Although a case where a piezoelectric actuator 10 composed of a piezoelectric element is employed as an actuator for driving the actuator 1 is shown, although not shown, a magnetostrictive actuator or a giant magnetostrictive actuator using a magnetostrictive element that expands and contracts according to the strength of a magnetic field is employed. It is the same as above.
【図１】本発明の一実施形態を示す燃料噴射弁の概略断
面図。FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a fuel injection valve showing one embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】コントローラで行われる駆動処理の一例を示す
フローチャートである。FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a driving process performed by a controller.
【図３】駆動信号Ｓ、荷重Ｆ及び駆動電圧Ｖと時間の関
係を示すグラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between a drive signal S, a load F, a drive voltage V, and time.
【図４】第２の実施形態を示し、燃料噴射弁の概略断面
図。FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a fuel injection valve according to a second embodiment.
【図５】コントローラで行われる駆動処理及び学習補正
処理の一例を示すフローチャートである。FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a driving process and a learning correction process performed by a controller.
【図６】駆動電圧Ｖと荷重Ｆの関係を示すマップであ
る。FIG. 6 is a map showing a relationship between a driving voltage V and a load F;
【図７】検出電圧Ｖｂと荷重Ｆの関係を示すマップであ
る。FIG. 7 is a map showing a relationship between a detection voltage Vb and a load F;
【図８】駆動信号Ｓ、荷重Ｆ、駆動電圧Ｖ及び検出電圧
Ｖｂと時間の関係を示すグラフである。FIG. 8 is a graph showing a relationship between a drive signal S, a load F, a drive voltage V, a detection voltage Vb, and time.
１ ノズルボディ １ａ 噴口 ２ 針弁 ２ａ 弁体 ２ｃ ピストン部 ３ 燃圧室 ４ リターンスプリング（弾性部材） ５ コントローラ（制御手段） ６ 燃料入口 ７ 荷重センサ ８ 差圧室 １０ ピエゾアクチュエータ １１ ピストン １３ 圧力室 １４、１７ スペーサ ２２ リターンスプリング ３０ 燃料噴射弁 ５０ 噴射司令部 ５１ 荷重測定部 ５２ 駆動部 ５３ 補正部 ５４ 警告手段 ６１ タイマ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Nozzle body 1a Injection port 2 Needle valve 2a Valve body 2c Piston part 3 Fuel pressure chamber 4 Return spring (elastic member) 5 Controller (control means) 6 Fuel inlet 7 Load sensor 8 Differential pressure chamber 10 Piezo actuator 11 Piston 13 Pressure chamber 14, 17 Spacer 22 Return Spring 30 Fuel Injection Valve 50 Injection Command Unit 51 Load Measurement Unit 52 Drive Unit 53 Correction Unit 54 Warning Means 61 Timer
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 福田 隆 神奈川県横浜市神奈川区宝町２番地 日産 自動車株式会社内 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Takashi Fukuda Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., 2 Takaracho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa
Claims (6)
と、 針弁を閉弁方向に付勢する弾性部材と、 圧電素子または磁歪素子から構成されたアクチュエータ
と、 アクチュエータの伸縮に応じて差圧室の圧力を加減圧す
るピストンと、 エンジンの運転状態に応じて前記アクチュエータへ開弁
信号と閉弁信号を選択的に送出する制御手段とを備えた
燃料噴射弁の駆動装置において、 前記制御手段は、 開弁状態を維持可能な第１開弁信号と、開弁維持状態よ
りもさらにアクチュエータを開弁方向へ駆動する第２開
弁信号とを予め設定した開弁信号設定手段と、 開弁初期には前記第２開弁信号を選択する一方、開弁後
期には前記第１信号を選択する駆動信号切換手段とを備
えたことを特徴とする燃料噴射弁の駆動装置。1. A fuel pressure chamber into which pressurized fuel is guided, a needle valve displaced in accordance with a pressure difference between the fuel pressure chamber and the differential pressure chamber, an injection port opened and closed by the needle valve to inject fuel in the fuel pressure chamber, and a needle. An elastic member for urging the valve in the valve closing direction, an actuator composed of a piezoelectric element or a magnetostrictive element, a piston for increasing or decreasing the pressure in a differential pressure chamber in accordance with expansion and contraction of the actuator, and A fuel injection valve driving device comprising: a control unit for selectively transmitting a valve opening signal and a valve closing signal to the actuator; wherein the control unit includes: a first valve opening signal capable of maintaining a valve opening state; Valve-opening signal setting means for presetting a second valve-opening signal for driving the actuator further in the valve-opening direction than in the valve-maintenance state; Drive to select the first signal Driving device for a fuel injection valve, characterized in that a No. switching means.
定の時間が経過するまで前記第２開弁信号を維持する一
方、所定時間経過後には前記第１開弁信号に切り換える
タイマを備えたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料
噴射弁の駆動装置。The drive signal switching means includes a timer for maintaining the second valve opening signal until a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of valve opening, and for switching to the first valve opening signal after the predetermined time has elapsed. The driving device for a fuel injection valve according to claim 1, wherein
わる荷重を検出する荷重センサを備えて、前記駆動信号
切換手段は、荷重の検出値が所定値となったときに第２
開弁信号から第１開弁信号へ切り換えることを特徴とす
る請求項１に記載の燃料噴射弁の駆動装置。3. The control means includes a load sensor for detecting a load applied to the actuator, and the drive signal switching means controls a second signal when a detected value of the load becomes a predetermined value.
The driving apparatus for a fuel injection valve according to claim 1, wherein the switching from the valve opening signal to the first valve opening signal is performed.
る荷重の絶対値が、弾性部材が発生する付勢力の絶対値
よりも大きい所定値となるよう設定したことを特徴とす
る請求項１に記載の燃料噴射弁の駆動装置。4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first valve opening signal is set such that an absolute value of a load applied to the piston is a predetermined value larger than an absolute value of an urging force generated by an elastic member. 2. The driving device for a fuel injection valve according to claim 1.
わる荷重を検出する荷重センサと、この検出荷重に基づ
いて前記第１開弁信号または第２開弁信号を学習補正す
る学習補正手段とを備えたことを特徴とする請求項１に
記載の燃料噴射弁の駆動装置。5. The control means includes a load sensor for detecting a load applied to the actuator, and learning correction means for learning and correcting the first valve opening signal or the second valve opening signal based on the detected load. The driving device for a fuel injection valve according to claim 1, wherein
第２開弁信号のうちの少なくとも一方が所定値未満とな
ったときに警告を発生する警告手段とを備えたことを特
徴とする請求項５に記載の燃料噴射弁の駆動装置。6. The learning correction means includes warning means for generating a warning when at least one of the first valve opening signal and the second valve opening signal is less than a predetermined value. The driving device for a fuel injection valve according to claim 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11952997A JP3885283B2 (en) | 1997-05-09 | 1997-05-09 | Drive device for fuel injection valve |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11952997A JP3885283B2 (en) | 1997-05-09 | 1997-05-09 | Drive device for fuel injection valve |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10306756A true JPH10306756A (en) | 1998-11-17 |
| JP3885283B2 JP3885283B2 (en) | 2007-02-21 |
Family
ID=14763549
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11952997A Expired - Lifetime JP3885283B2 (en) | 1997-05-09 | 1997-05-09 | Drive device for fuel injection valve |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3885283B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0893855A2 (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-01-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Cable connection on an electromechanical assembly element |
| JP2003529017A (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2003-09-30 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | A method for determining the rail pressure of an injection valve with a piezo actuator |
| US7828228B2 (en) | 2008-01-10 | 2010-11-09 | Denso Corporation | Fuel injection apparatus |
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| US7828228B2 (en) | 2008-01-10 | 2010-11-09 | Denso Corporation | Fuel injection apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3885283B2 (en) | 2007-02-21 |
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