JPH10282697A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Electrophotographic photoreceptor

Info

Publication number
JPH10282697A
JPH10282697A JP9110997A JP9110997A JPH10282697A JP H10282697 A JPH10282697 A JP H10282697A JP 9110997 A JP9110997 A JP 9110997A JP 9110997 A JP9110997 A JP 9110997A JP H10282697 A JPH10282697 A JP H10282697A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
layer
photoreceptor
conductive substrate
photosensitive layer
antioxidant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP9110997A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yoshimasa Tomiuchi
芳昌 富内
Osamu Nabeta
修 鍋田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuji Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Fuji Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP9110997A priority Critical patent/JPH10282697A/en
Publication of JPH10282697A publication Critical patent/JPH10282697A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the stable electrophotographic photoreceptor small in fluctuation of characteristics due to repeated uses for a long period by incorporating a thioether type antioxidant having a specified sulfide structural unit in a photosensitive layer. SOLUTION: This electrophotographic photoreceptor provided on a conductive substrate with the photosensitive layer composed essentially of an organic material and containing at least one kind of thioether type antioxidant having a sulfide structural unit represented by the formula in which each of R1 and R2 is an H or halogen atom or an alkoxy, hydroxy, optionally, or substituted alkyl or aryl group; and (n) is an inter of 1-25. This photoreceptor may be any one of a functionally separated type formed by laminating a charge generating layer and a charge transfer layer on a conductive substrate in this order, and a functionally separated type formed by laminating the charge generating layer and the charge transfer layer and further a protective layer on the conductive substrate in this order, and a monolayer type single photosensitive layer formed the conductive substrate.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】この発明は電子写真用感光体に関
し、詳しくは有機材料を主要材料とする感光層を備えた
電子写真用有機感光体の感光層に含ませる酸化防止剤に
関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and more particularly to an antioxidant contained in a photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic organic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer mainly composed of an organic material.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来より電子写真方式のプリンタ、ファ
クシミリ、デジタル複写機、アナログ複写機に用いられ
る電子写真用感光体(以下、感光体とも称する)の感光
材料としては、セレンまたはセレン合金などの無機光導
電性物質、酸化亜鉛あるいは塩化カドミウムなどの無機
光導電性物質を樹脂結着剤中に分散させたもの、ポリ−
N−ビニルカルバゾールまたはポリビニルアントラセン
などの有機光導電性物質、フタロシアニン化合物あるい
はビスアゾ化合物などの有機光導電性物質を樹脂結着剤
中に分散させたものや真空蒸着させたものなどが利用さ
れている。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a photosensitive material of an electrophotographic photosensitive member (hereinafter, also referred to as a photosensitive member) used in an electrophotographic printer, a facsimile, a digital copying machine, and an analog copying machine, selenium or a selenium alloy is used. Inorganic photoconductive material such as zinc oxide or cadmium chloride dispersed in a resin binder, poly-
Organic photoconductive substances such as N-vinyl carbazole or polyvinyl anthracene, organic photoconductive substances such as phthalocyanine compounds or bisazo compounds dispersed in a resin binder, and those obtained by vacuum evaporation are used. .

【0003】また、感光体には暗所で表面電荷を保持す
る機能、光を受容して電荷を発生する機能、同じく光を
受容して電荷を輸送する機能とが必要であるが、一つの
層でこれらの機能をあわせもったいわゆる単層型感光体
と、主として電荷発生に寄与する層と暗所での表面電荷
の保持と光受容時の電荷輸送に寄与する層とに機能分離
した層を積層したいわゆる積層型感光体がある。これら
の感光体を用いた電子写真法による画像形成には、例え
ばカールソンプロセスが適用される。この方式での画像
形成は暗所での感光体へのコロナ放電による帯電、帯電
された感光体表面上への露光による原稿の文字や絵など
の静電潜像の形成、形成された静電潜像のトナーによる
現像、現像されたトナー像の紙などの支持体への定着に
より行われ、トナー像転写後の感光体は除電、残留トナ
ーの除去、光除電などを行った後、再使用に供される。
A photoreceptor is required to have a function of retaining a surface charge in a dark place, a function of receiving light to generate a charge, and a function of receiving light and transporting a charge. A so-called single-layer type photoreceptor that combines these functions in layers, and a layer that separates functions into a layer that mainly contributes to charge generation and a layer that contributes to charge retention and surface transport in dark places and to charge transport during photoreception. There is a so-called laminated type photoreceptor in which are laminated. For example, the Carlson process is applied to image formation by electrophotography using these photoconductors. Image formation in this method involves charging a photoreceptor in a dark place by corona discharge, forming an electrostatic latent image such as a character or picture on a document by exposing the charged photoreceptor surface, and forming the formed electrostatic The latent image is developed with toner, and the developed toner image is fixed on a support such as paper.The photoreceptor after transfer of the toner image is reused after neutralization, removal of residual toner, light neutralization, etc. To be served.

【0004】かかるカールソンプロセスを用いた電子写
真装置には各種の画像形成プロセスが採用されている。
帯電プロセスには金属ワイヤーを用いたコロトロン方式
やスコロトロン方式、帯電ブラシや帯電ローラを用いた
接触帯電方式が、現像プロセスには、2成分現像方式、
非磁性1成分現像方式、磁性1成分現像方式等が適用さ
れている。
[0004] Various image forming processes are employed in the electrophotographic apparatus using the Carlson process.
For the charging process, a corotron system or a scorotron system using a metal wire, a contact charging system using a charging brush or a charging roller, and for a developing process, a two-component developing system,
A non-magnetic one-component developing method, a magnetic one-component developing method, and the like are applied.

【0005】近年、可とう性、熱安定性、膜形成性など
の利点により、有機材料を用いた電子写真用感光体が実
用化されてきている。例えば、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバ
ゾールと、2,4,7−トリニトロフルオレン−9−オ
ンとからなる感光体(米国特許第3484237号明細
書に記載)、有機顔料を主成分とする感光体(特開昭4
7─37543号公報に記載)、染料と樹脂とからなる
共晶錯体を主成分とする感光体(特開昭47─1078
5号公報に記載)などである。現在、かかる有機材料を
用いた電子写真感光体としては、無金属フタロシアニ
ン、チタニルフタロシアニン等の金属フタロシアニン、
アゾ化合物等と樹脂バインダからなる電荷発生層、およ
びヒドラゾン化合物、スチリル化合物、ジアミン化合
物、ブタジエン化合物等と樹脂バインダからなる電荷輸
送層を積層してなる機能分離型積層構造のものが主流と
なっている。
In recent years, electrophotographic photoreceptors using organic materials have been put to practical use due to their advantages such as flexibility, thermal stability, and film forming properties. For example, a photoreceptor composed of poly-N-vinylcarbazole and 2,4,7-trinitrofluoren-9-one (described in US Pat. No. 3,484,237), and a photoreceptor containing an organic pigment as a main component ( JP 4
No. 7,375,543), and a photoreceptor containing a eutectic complex composed of a dye and a resin as a main component (JP-A-47-1078).
No. 5). At present, electrophotographic photoreceptors using such organic materials include metal-free phthalocyanines, metal phthalocyanines such as titanyl phthalocyanine,
The mainstream is a charge generation layer composed of an azo compound or the like and a resin binder, and a function separation type laminated structure formed by laminating a charge transport layer composed of a hydrazone compound, a styryl compound, a diamine compound, a butadiene compound, or the like and a resin binder. I have.

【0006】しかしながら、上述のような有機材料を主
要成分とする感光層を備えた感光体を実用条件で長時間
使用すると、帯電位の低下,残留電位の上昇,感度の低
下などの問題が発生する。これらの原因として、感光体
が使用時に帯電工程などのコロナ放電により発生するオ
ゾンなどの活性なガスに曝されること、また、メンテナ
ンス時に強力な外光に曝されることが挙げられる。これ
らの外的要因が上述の諸特性に与える影響は、感光体を
オゾン雰囲気中に放置する、あるいは、感光体に所定の
強い光を照射するといった実験的方法で確認できる。
However, when a photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer containing an organic material as a main component as described above is used for a long time under practical conditions, problems such as a decrease in charged potential, an increase in residual potential, and a decrease in sensitivity occur. I do. These factors include exposure of the photoreceptor to an active gas such as ozone generated by corona discharge in a charging step during use, and exposure to strong external light during maintenance. The influence of these external factors on the above-mentioned various properties can be confirmed by an experimental method such as leaving the photoconductor in an ozone atmosphere or irradiating the photoconductor with a predetermined strong light.

【0007】上述のような問題を解決するために、酸化
防止剤や紫外線吸収剤として知られる物質を添加剤とし
て感光層に含有させる試みが種々なされている。その中
でも、フェノール構造を有する酸化防止剤が有効である
ことが報告されている(例えば特開昭62−10515
1号公報)。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, various attempts have been made to incorporate a substance known as an antioxidant or an ultraviolet absorber into the photosensitive layer as an additive. Among them, it is reported that an antioxidant having a phenol structure is effective (for example, JP-A-62-10515).
No. 1).

【0008】[0008]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】上述のように、感光層
に酸化防止剤や紫外線吸収剤を添加することにより、感
光層の劣化はある程度防止できるが、市場の要求を充分
に満足するに至っていない。この発明は、上述の現状に
鑑みてなされたものであって、長期にわたっての使用に
おいても特性の変動が少なく安定な電子写真用有機感光
体を提供すること、特に、前述した、コロトロン方式、
スコロトロン方式ならびに帯電ブラシや帯電ローラ等を
用いた接触帯電方式等の各種帯電プロセス、さらには2
成分現像方式、非磁性1成分現像方式、磁性1成分現像
方式などの各種現像プロセスを有する種々の電子写真装
置に対応可能な裕度をもった感光体の実現を目的とす
る。
As described above, the deterioration of the photosensitive layer can be prevented to some extent by adding an antioxidant or an ultraviolet absorber to the photosensitive layer, but the market requirements have been sufficiently satisfied. Not in. The present invention has been made in view of the above-described situation, and provides a stable electrophotographic organic photoreceptor having a small variation in characteristics even in long-term use.
Various charging processes such as a scorotron method and a contact charging method using a charging brush or a charging roller;
It is an object of the present invention to realize a photoconductor having a margin that can be used in various electrophotographic apparatuses having various developing processes such as a component developing system, a non-magnetic one-component developing system, and a magnetic one-component developing system.

【0009】[0009]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記の課題は、この発明
によれば、導電性基体上に有機材料を主要成分とする感
光層を備えてなる電子写真用感光体において、前記感光
層に、下記一般式(I)で示されるスルフィド構造単位
を有するチオエーテル系酸化防止剤を少なくとも一種含
ませることによって解決される。
According to the present invention, there is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer containing an organic material as a main component. The problem is solved by including at least one thioether-based antioxidant having a sulfide structural unit represented by the following general formula (I).

【0010】[0010]

【化2】 Embedded image

【0011】[式(I)中、R1 ,R2 は水素原子,ハ
ロゲン原子,アルコキシ基,ヒドロキシ基,置換されて
もよいアルキル基,置換されてもよいアリール基のうち
のいずれかを表し、nは1〜25の整数を表す。] 上記一般式(I)で示されるスルフィド構造単位を有す
るチオエーテル系酸化防止剤の具体例としは下記の(I
−1)〜(I−5)の化合物が挙げられる。
[In the formula (I), R 1 and R 2 represent any one of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, a hydroxy group, an optionally substituted alkyl group, and an optionally substituted aryl group. , N represents an integer of 1 to 25. Specific examples of the thioether-based antioxidant having a sulfide structural unit represented by the general formula (I) include the following (I)
-1) to (I-5).

【0012】[0012]

【化3】 Embedded image

【0013】この発明に係わる感光体は、図1に示すよ
うな導電性基体1上に電荷発生層3,電荷輸送層4をこ
の順に積層した感光層2aを備えた機能分離積層型、図
2に示すような導電性基体1上に電荷輸送層4,電荷発
生層3をこの順に積層した感光層2bを形成しさらにそ
の上に保護層5を備えた機能分離積層型感光体、図3に
示すような単一の感光層2cを備えた単層型、いずれの
構成の感光体でもよい。図2に示す構成の感光体におい
ては、感光層2bのみならず、さらに、保護層5にも上
述の酸化防止剤を添加することも有効である。
The photoreceptor according to the present invention is a function-separated laminated type having a photosensitive layer 2a in which a charge generation layer 3 and a charge transport layer 4 are laminated in this order on a conductive substrate 1 as shown in FIG. A photosensitive layer 2b in which a charge transport layer 4 and a charge generation layer 3 are laminated in this order on a conductive substrate 1 as shown in FIG. A single-layer type photoreceptor having a single photosensitive layer 2c as shown in FIG. In the photoconductor having the configuration shown in FIG. 2, it is effective to add the above-described antioxidant not only to the photosensitive layer 2b but also to the protective layer 5.

【0014】[0014]

【作用】有機材料を主要成分とする感光層に、前記一般
式(I)で示されるスルフィド構造単位を有するチオエ
ーテル系酸化防止剤を少なくとも一種含ませることによ
り、感光体のオゾンなどの活性なガスに対する耐性,強
光照射に対する耐性が大幅に向上する。
The photosensitive layer containing an organic material as a main component contains at least one thioether-based antioxidant having a sulfide structural unit represented by the above general formula (I), so that an active gas such as ozone of the photoreceptor can be produced. Resistance to strong light irradiation is greatly improved.

【0015】[0015]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、この発明を前述の図1に示
した構成の感光体に適用した場合の実施例について説明
する。しかし、この発明が以下の実施例に限定されるも
のでないことはいうまでもない。感光体の導電性基体と
しては、アルミニウムからなる円筒やアルミニウム蒸着
フィルムなど、あるいはこれらの表面にアルマイト処理
や樹脂皮膜形成などの表面装飾を施したものが用いられ
る。表面装飾に用いられる高分子樹脂皮膜の材料として
は、カゼイン,ポリビニルアルコール,ポリアミド,メ
ラミン,セルロースなどの絶縁性高分子、あるいは、ポ
リチオフェン,ポリピロール,ポリアニリンなどの導電
性高分子、あるいは、これらの高分子に金属酸化物粉
末,低分子化合物を含有させたもの、などが挙げられ
る。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a photosensitive member having the structure shown in FIG. 1 will be described below. However, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. As the conductive substrate of the photoreceptor, a cylinder made of aluminum, an aluminum vapor-deposited film, or the like, or a material obtained by applying a surface decoration such as an alumite treatment or forming a resin film to the surface thereof is used. Materials for the polymer resin film used for surface decoration include insulating polymers such as casein, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide, melamine, and cellulose; conductive polymers such as polythiophene, polypyrrole, and polyaniline; Examples thereof include a metal oxide powder and a compound containing a low molecular compound in a molecule.

【0016】電荷発生層は、電荷発生物質と樹脂バイン
ダーにより構成される。電荷発生物質としては、下記の
構造式(II−1)〜(II−26)に示す各種フタロ
シアニン化合物,アゾ化合物,多環キノン化合物,およ
びこれらの誘導体が挙げられる。電荷発生層の樹脂バイ
ンダーとしては、ポリカーボネート,ポリエステル,ポ
リアミド,ポリウレタン,エポキシ,ポリビニルブチラ
ール,ポリビニルアセタール,フェノキシ樹脂,シリコ
ーン樹脂,アクリル樹脂,塩化ビニル樹脂,塩化ビニリ
デン樹脂,酢酸ビニル樹脂,ホルマール樹脂,セルロー
ス樹脂、またはこれらの共重合体、およびこれらのハロ
ゲン化物,シアノエチル化合物が用いられる。
The charge generation layer is composed of a charge generation substance and a resin binder. Examples of the charge generating material include various phthalocyanine compounds, azo compounds, polycyclic quinone compounds, and derivatives thereof represented by the following structural formulas (II-1) to (II-26). Examples of the resin binder for the charge generation layer include polycarbonate, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, epoxy, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, phenoxy resin, silicone resin, acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinylidene chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, formal resin, and cellulose. Resins, their copolymers, and their halides and cyanoethyl compounds are used.

【0017】[0017]

【化4】 Embedded image

【0018】[0018]

【化5】 Embedded image

【0019】[0019]

【化6】 Embedded image

【0020】[0020]

【化7】 Embedded image

【0021】電荷輸送層は、電荷輸送物質と樹脂バイン
ダーを主要材料とし、これに前記一般式(I)に示した
スルフィド構造単位を有するチオエーテル系酸化防止剤
を添加して構成される。電荷輸送物質としては、下記の
構造式(III−1)〜(III−10)に示す各種ヒ
ドラゾン系化合物、構造式(IV−1)〜(IV−8)
に示す各種ブタジエン系化合物,構造式(V−1)〜
(V−15)に示す各種アミン系化合物,構造式(VI
−1)〜(VI−10)に示す各種スチリル系化合物お
よびこれらの誘導体,構造式(VII−1)〜(VII
−18)に示す各種ジスチリル系化合物およびこれらの
誘導体、を単独で、または適宜組み合わせて混合して用
いることができる。電荷輸送層の樹脂バインダーとして
は、下記構造式(VIII−1)〜(VIII−6)に
示すポリカーボネート,ホリスチレン,ポリフェニレン
エーテルアクリル樹脂などを用いることができる。
The charge transport layer comprises a charge transport material and a resin binder as main materials, and is added with a thioether-based antioxidant having a sulfide structural unit represented by the above general formula (I). As the charge transport material, various hydrazone-based compounds represented by the following structural formulas (III-1) to (III-10), structural formulas (IV-1) to (IV-8)
Various butadiene-based compounds shown in Structural Formulas (V-1) to
Various amine-based compounds represented by (V-15), structural formula (VI
-1) to (VI-10), various styryl compounds and derivatives thereof, and structural formulas (VII-1) to (VII).
The various distyryl compounds and derivatives thereof described in -18) can be used alone or in appropriate combination as a mixture. As the resin binder for the charge transport layer, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyphenylene ether acrylic resin represented by the following structural formulas (VIII-1) to (VIII-6) can be used.

【0022】[0022]

【化8】 Embedded image

【0023】[0023]

【化9】 Embedded image

【0024】[0024]

【化10】 Embedded image

【0025】[0025]

【化11】 Embedded image

【0026】[0026]

【化12】 Embedded image

【0027】[0027]

【化13】 Embedded image

【0028】[0028]

【化14】 Embedded image

【0029】[0029]

【化15】 Embedded image

【0030】[0030]

【化16】 Embedded image

【0031】[0031]

【化17】 Embedded image

【0032】[0032]

【化18】 Embedded image

【0033】さらに、電荷輸送層に添加する酸化防止剤
として、前記一般式(I)に示したスルフィド構造単位
を有するチオエーテル系酸化防止剤に、下記構造式(I
X−1)〜(IX−56)に示すようなヒンダードフェ
ノール類、チオエーテル類、ホスファイト、ホスフィン
のような3価のリン化合物、ジフェニルアミン化合物、
アニソイン、トロピン、アトロピン、ジフェニルチオ尿
素、フォスファフェナントレン、ジチエニルエチレン、
Dリボフラノース類、カテコール類を併用することによ
り、より効果を高めることができる。
Further, as an antioxidant to be added to the charge transport layer, a thioether-based antioxidant having a sulfide structural unit represented by the above general formula (I) is added to the following structural formula (I)
X-1) to trivalent phosphorus compounds such as hindered phenols, thioethers, phosphites and phosphines as shown in (IX-56), diphenylamine compounds,
Anisoin, tropine, atropine, diphenylthiourea, phosphaphenanthrene, dithienylethylene,
The combined use of D-ribofuranoses and catechols can further enhance the effect.

【0034】[0034]

【化19】 Embedded image

【0035】[0035]

【化20】 Embedded image

【0036】[0036]

【化21】 Embedded image

【0037】[0037]

【化22】 Embedded image

【0038】[0038]

【化23】 Embedded image

【0039】[0039]

【化24】 Embedded image

【0040】[0040]

【化25】 Embedded image

【0041】[0041]

【化26】 Embedded image

【0042】実施例1 外径60mm,長さ310mm,肉厚1mmのアルミニ
ウム円筒を洗浄,乾燥した後、その外周面に、数平均分
子量10万のポリアミド((株)ダイセル−ヒュルス
製;商品名「T171」)4重量部とスチレン−マレイ
ン酸樹脂(BASF Japan Ltd.製;商品名
「スプラパールAP−20」)1重量部をメタノール2
00重量部と1−ブタノール100重量部との混合溶媒
に溶解させて調製した樹脂皮膜塗布液をDip法で塗布
して膜厚0.1μmの樹脂皮膜を形成して基体とする。
Example 1 After washing and drying an aluminum cylinder having an outer diameter of 60 mm, a length of 310 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm, a polyamide having a number average molecular weight of 100,000 (manufactured by Daicel-Huls Co .; 4 parts by weight of “T171”) and 1 part by weight of a styrene-maleic acid resin (manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd .; trade name “Suprapearl AP-20”) are mixed with methanol 2
A resin film coating solution prepared by dissolving in a mixed solvent of 00 parts by weight and 100 parts by weight of 1-butanol was applied by a Dip method to form a resin film having a thickness of 0.1 μm to obtain a substrate.

【0043】この基体上に、電荷発生物質としての前記
構造式(II−17)に示したビスアゾ化合物1重量部
と樹脂バインダーとしてのジアリルフタレート樹脂(大
阪ソーダ(株)製;商品名「ダップK」)1重量部とを
メチルエチルケトン150重量部と混合し、混合機で3
時間混練して調製した電荷発生層用塗布液をDip法で
塗布して膜厚0.1μmの電荷発生層を形成した。
On this substrate, 1 part by weight of the bisazo compound represented by the structural formula (II-17) as a charge generating substance and a diallyl phthalate resin as a resin binder (manufactured by Osaka Soda Co., Ltd .; trade name "Dap K") )) 1 part by weight and 150 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone, and mix with a mixer.
The coating liquid for a charge generation layer prepared by kneading for a time was applied by a Dip method to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.1 μm.

【0044】この電荷発生層上に、電荷輸送物質として
の前記構造式(III−8)に示される化合物1000
重量部,樹脂バインダーとしての前記構造式(VIII
−5)に示されるビスフェノルA型−ビフェニル共重合
ポリカーボネート(出光興産(株)製;商品名「BP−
Pc」)1000重量部,酸化防止剤としての前記構造
式(I−1)に示したチオエーテル系化合物15重量部
をジクロロメタン7000重量部に溶解して調製した電
荷輸送層用塗布液をDip法で塗布して膜厚20μmの
電荷輸送層を形成して感光体を作製した。
On this charge generation layer, compound 1000 represented by the above structural formula (III-8) was used as a charge transport material.
Parts by weight, the above-mentioned structural formula (VIII) as a resin binder
-5) bisphenol A type-biphenyl copolymerized polycarbonate (manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd .; trade name "BP-
Pc ") A charge transport layer coating solution prepared by dissolving 1000 parts by weight of 15 parts by weight of the thioether compound represented by the structural formula (I-1) as an antioxidant in 7000 parts by weight of dichloromethane was subjected to the Dip method. This was applied to form a charge transporting layer having a thickness of 20 μm, thereby producing a photoreceptor.

【0045】実施例2 実施例1において、電荷輸送物質を前記構造式(VII
−17)に示した化合物に替えたこと以外は、実施例1
と同様にして感光体を作製した。 実施例3 実施例1において、酸化防止剤を前記構造式(I−2)
に示した化合物に替えたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に
して感光体を作製した。
Example 2 In Example 1, the charge-transporting substance was replaced with the compound represented by the structural formula (VII)
Example 1 except that the compound shown in -17) was used.
A photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as described above. Example 3 In Example 1, the antioxidant was replaced with the structural formula (I-2)
A photoconductor was prepared by the same way as that of Example 1 except that the compound shown in above was used.

【0046】実施例4 実施例1において、電荷発生物質を記構造式(II−
7)に示した化合物に替えたこと以外は、実施例1と同
様にして感光体を作製した。 実施例5 実施例1において、酸化防止剤としてさらに前記構造式
(IX−5)に示した化合物30重量部を添加したこと
以外は、実施例1と同様にして感光体を作製した。
Example 4 In Example 1, the charge-generating substance was replaced by the structural formula (II-
A photoconductor was prepared by the same way as that of Example 1 except that the compound shown in 7) was used. Example 5 A photoconductor was prepared by the same way as that of Example 1 except that 30 parts by weight of the compound represented by Structural Formula (IX-5) was added as an antioxidant.

【0047】実施例6 実施例1において、酸化防止剤としてさらに前記構造式
(IX−6)に示した化合物30重量部を添加したこと
以外は、実施例1と同様にして感光体を作製した。 実施例7 実施例1において、電荷輸送層に用いる樹脂バインダー
を前記構造式(VIII−5)に示されるビスフェノル
A型−ビフェニル共重合ポリカーボネートから前記構造
式(VIII−1)に示したビスフェノールA型ポリカ
ーボネート(帝人化成(株)製;商品名「パーンライト
L−1225」)に替えたこと以外は、実施例1と同様
にして感光体を作製した。
Example 6 A photoconductor was prepared by the same way as that of Example 1 except that 30 parts by weight of the compound represented by the structural formula (IX-6) was added as an antioxidant. . Example 7 In Example 1, the resin binder used for the charge transport layer was a bisphenol A type represented by the structural formula (VIII-1) from a bisphenol A type-biphenyl copolymerized polycarbonate represented by the structural formula (VIII-5). A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that polycarbonate (manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Ltd .; trade name “Parnlite L-1225”) was used.

【0048】実施例8 実施例1において、電荷輸送層に用いる樹脂バインダー
を前記構造式(VIII−5)に示されるビスフェノル
A型−ビフェニル共重合ポリカーボネートから前記構造
式(VIII−2)に示したビスフェノールZ型ポリカ
ーボネート(三菱瓦斯化学(株)製;商品名「PCZ3
00」)に替えたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして感
光体を作製した。
Example 8 In Example 1, the resin binder used for the charge transport layer was represented by the structural formula (VIII-2) from the bisphenol A type-biphenyl copolymer polycarbonate represented by the structural formula (VIII-5). Bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd .; trade name "PCZ3
00 ”), except that the photoconductor was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.

【0049】比較例1 実施例1において、酸化防止剤としての前記構造式(I
−1)に示したチオエーテル系化合物を含有させなかっ
たこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして感光体を作製し
た。 比較例2 実施例2において、酸化防止剤としての前記構造式(I
−1)に示したチオエーテル系化合物を含有させなかっ
たこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして感光体を作製し
た。
Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, the above-mentioned structural formula (I) was used as an antioxidant.
A photoconductor was prepared by the same way as that of Example 1 except that thioether compound shown in -1) was not contained. Comparative Example 2 In Example 2, the above-mentioned structural formula (I) as an antioxidant was used.
A photoconductor was prepared by the same way as that of Example 2 except that thioether compound shown in -1) was not contained.

【0050】比較例3 実施例1において、酸化防止剤を前記構造式(I−1)
に示したチオエーテル系化合物15重量部から前記構造
式(IX−7)に示したヒンダードフェノール系化合物
40重量部に替えたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして
感光体を作製した。
Comparative Example 3 In Example 1, the antioxidant was replaced by the above-mentioned structural formula (I-1)
A photoconductor was prepared by the same way as that of Example 1 except that 15 parts by weight of thioether-based compound shown in (1) was replaced with 40 parts by weight of hindered phenol-based compound shown in Structural Formula (IX-7).

【0051】比較例4 実施例2において、酸化防止剤を前記構造式(I−1)
に示したチオエーテル系化合物15重量部から前記構造
式(IX−29)に示したヒンダードアミン系化合物1
0重量部に替えたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして感
光体を作製した。
Comparative Example 4 In Example 2, the antioxidant was replaced with the above-mentioned structural formula (I-1)
15 parts by weight of the thioether-based compound represented by the formula (IX-29)
A photoconductor was prepared by the same way as that of Example 2 except that the weight was changed to 0 parts by weight.

【0052】上述のようにして作製した実施例および比
較例の各感光体について電子写真特性を評価する。連続
使用時の特性変動を評価する目的で、市販の普通紙複写
機に各感光体を搭載し、帯電機構,露光機構,除電機構
の出力を固定した条件下で、常温常湿(温度20℃,相
対湿度60%)の雰囲気中で、A3用紙5万枚のランニ
ング試験を行い、ランニング開始時の白紙電位Vw と黒
紙電位Vb を測定し、ランニングによる白紙電位Vw の
変化量△Vw および黒紙電位Vb の変化量△Vb を得
た。
The electrophotographic characteristics of each of the photoconductors of the examples and the comparative examples manufactured as described above are evaluated. In order to evaluate the characteristic fluctuations during continuous use, each photoconductor was mounted on a commercially available plain paper copier, and the conditions of the output of the charging mechanism, the exposure mechanism, and the static elimination mechanism were fixed at room temperature and normal humidity (temperature: 20 ° C). In an atmosphere of 60% relative humidity), a running test was performed on 50,000 sheets of A3 paper, and the potential Vw of the blank paper and the potential Vb of the black paper at the start of the running were measured. The change amount ΔVb of the paper potential Vb was obtained.

【0053】また、耐オゾン性を評価する目的で、各感
光体をオゾン濃度100ppmの雰囲気中に4時間暴露
し、暴露前後の半減衰露光量(lux・s)を測定し
た。さらに、耐強光疲労性を評価する目的で、各感光体
に1000ルクスの白色光を1時間照射し、一定の帯電
条件の下での照射前の初期帯電電位Vs を測定し、強光
照射による帯電電位変化量△Vs を得た。
For the purpose of evaluating the ozone resistance, each photoreceptor was exposed to an atmosphere having an ozone concentration of 100 ppm for 4 hours, and the half-attenuation exposure (lux · s) before and after the exposure was measured. Further, for the purpose of evaluating the resistance to strong light fatigue, each photoreceptor was irradiated with 1000 lux of white light for 1 hour, and the initial charging potential Vs before irradiation under a constant charging condition was measured. △ Vs.

【0054】これらの結果を下記表1に示す。The results are shown in Table 1 below.

【0055】[0055]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0056】表1に見られるように、酸化防止剤として
前記構造式(I−1),(I−2)のようなチオエーテ
ル系化合物を含んでいない感光体は、オゾン暴露,強光
照射により感光体特性が著しく低下し、実機でのランニ
ング試験による電位変動は実用許容範囲から逸脱してい
る。また、実施例1および比較例3,4の各感光体の結
果から明らかなように、チオエーテル系化合物はヒンダ
ードフェノール系化合物,ヒンダードアミン系化合物に
比して、感度および帯電能の安定性に関して卓越した優
位性を示した。また、実施例1〜8の各感光体の結果か
ら、この発明に係わるチオエーテル系化合物が広範な材
料,材料組成の有機感光体において効果を有することが
判る。さらに、実施例1と実施例7,8の各感光体の結
果から樹脂バインダーにビスフェノールA型−ビフェニ
ル共重合ポリカーボネートを使用すると卓越した安定性
を示すことが判る。
As can be seen from Table 1, the photoreceptor containing no thioether compound such as the structural formulas (I-1) and (I-2) as an antioxidant was exposed to ozone and irradiated with strong light. The characteristics of the photoreceptor are remarkably deteriorated, and potential fluctuations caused by a running test in an actual machine deviate from a practically allowable range. Further, as is clear from the results of the photoreceptors of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the thioether compound is more excellent in sensitivity and stability of charging ability than the hindered phenol compound and the hindered amine compound. Showed superiority. Further, from the results of the photoconductors of Examples 1 to 8, it can be seen that the thioether-based compound according to the present invention is effective for organic photoconductors having a wide range of materials and material compositions. Furthermore, from the results of the photoreceptors of Example 1 and Examples 7 and 8, it can be seen that the use of bisphenol A-type biphenyl copolymerized polycarbonate as the resin binder shows excellent stability.

【0057】以上の実施例においては、電荷輸送層に酸
化防止剤としてこの発明に係わる前記一般式(I)で示
されるスルフィド構造単位を有するチオエーテル系化合
物を含ませたが、さらに、同時に電荷発生層にも含ませ
ることも有効である。
In the above embodiments, the charge transporting layer contains a thioether compound having a sulfide structural unit represented by the general formula (I) according to the present invention as an antioxidant. It is also effective to include it in the layer.

【0058】[0058]

【発明の効果】この発明によれば、導電性基体上に有機
材料を主要成分とする感光層を備えてなる電子写真用感
光体において、前記感光層に、前記一般式(I)で示さ
れるスルフィド構造単位を有するチオエーテル系酸化防
止剤を少なくとも一種含ませることにより、長期にわた
っての使用においても特性の変動が少なく安定な電子写
真用有機感光体を得ることができる。
According to the present invention, in an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer containing an organic material as a main component on a conductive substrate, the photosensitive layer is represented by the general formula (I). By including at least one thioether-based antioxidant having a sulfide structural unit, it is possible to obtain a stable electrophotographic organic photoreceptor with little change in characteristics even when used for a long time.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】この発明に係わる感光体の一例の機能分離積層
型感光体の模式的断面図
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a function-separated laminated photoconductor as an example of a photoconductor according to the present invention.

【図2】この発明に係わる感光体の異なる例の機能分離
積層型感光体の模式的断面図
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a function-separated laminated photoconductor of another example of the photoconductor according to the present invention.

【図3】この発明に係わる感光体のさらに異なる例の単
層型感光体の模式的断面図
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single-layer type photoreceptor of still another example of the photoreceptor according to the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 導電性基体 2a,2b,2c 感光層 3 電荷発生層 4 電荷輸送層 5 保護層 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Conductive substrate 2a, 2b, 2c Photosensitive layer 3 Charge generation layer 4 Charge transport layer 5 Protective layer

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】導電性基体上に有機材料を主要成分とする
感光層を備えてなる電子写真用感光体において、前記感
光層に、下記一般式(I)で示されるスルフィド構造単
位を有するチオエーテル系酸化防止剤を少なくとも一種
含ませることを特徴とする電子写真用感光体。 【化1】 [式(I)中、R1 ,R2 は水素原子,ハロゲン原子,
アルコキシ基,ヒドロキシ基,置換されてもよいアルキ
ル基,置換されてもよいアリール基のうちのいずれかを
表し、nは1〜25の整数を表す。]
1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer containing an organic material as a main component, wherein the photosensitive layer has a thioether having a sulfide structural unit represented by the following general formula (I). A photoconductor for electrophotography, comprising at least one antioxidant. Embedded image [In the formula (I), R 1 and R 2 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom,
Represents any of an alkoxy group, a hydroxy group, an optionally substituted alkyl group, and an optionally substituted aryl group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 25. ]
JP9110997A 1997-04-09 1997-04-09 Electrophotographic photoreceptor Pending JPH10282697A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9110997A JPH10282697A (en) 1997-04-09 1997-04-09 Electrophotographic photoreceptor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9110997A JPH10282697A (en) 1997-04-09 1997-04-09 Electrophotographic photoreceptor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH10282697A true JPH10282697A (en) 1998-10-23

Family

ID=14017363

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP9110997A Pending JPH10282697A (en) 1997-04-09 1997-04-09 Electrophotographic photoreceptor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH10282697A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6489069B1 (en) * 1999-02-15 2002-12-03 Konica Corporation Electrophotographic image carrier and image forming apparatus, image forming method and processing cartridge using it
KR100739698B1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2007-07-13 삼성전자주식회사 Charge transport materials having a central disulfane linkage

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6489069B1 (en) * 1999-02-15 2002-12-03 Konica Corporation Electrophotographic image carrier and image forming apparatus, image forming method and processing cartridge using it
KR100739698B1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2007-07-13 삼성전자주식회사 Charge transport materials having a central disulfane linkage

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