JPH10271924A - Production of tomato of high sugar content by cultivation with culture solution - Google Patents
Production of tomato of high sugar content by cultivation with culture solutionInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10271924A JPH10271924A JP9079351A JP7935197A JPH10271924A JP H10271924 A JPH10271924 A JP H10271924A JP 9079351 A JP9079351 A JP 9079351A JP 7935197 A JP7935197 A JP 7935197A JP H10271924 A JPH10271924 A JP H10271924A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- nutrient solution
- cultivation
- sugar content
- period
- tomato
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- Y02P60/216—
Landscapes
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、養液栽培におい
て、高糖度トマトを栽培する方法に関する。特に、本発
明は、ある程度の収量を確保しながら、高糖度で美味な
トマトを生産する方法に関する。The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a high sugar content tomato in hydroponic cultivation. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for producing a delicious tomato with a high sugar content while securing a certain yield.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】最近、適度な甘みと酸味のある美味しい
トマト、いわゆる高糖度トマトへの消費者の需要が高ま
っている。高糖度トマトは、主に土耕によって生産され
ていたが、例えば、「農耕と園芸」１９９６年１０号７
２〜７６Ｐには、養液栽培によって高糖度トマトを生産
する方法が提案されている。ここに記載されている生産
システムは、根域制限法と点滴給液方式を併用したもの
である。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, there has been an increasing demand from consumers for delicious tomatoes having moderate sweetness and sour taste, so-called high sugar content tomatoes. High-sugar tomatoes were mainly produced by soil cultivation. For example, "Agriculture and Horticulture", October 10, 1996
2-76P proposes a method for producing a high sugar content tomato by hydroponics. The production system described here uses both the root zone restriction method and the infusion liquid supply method.
【０００３】しかしながら、上記高糖度トマトの生産シ
ステムは、そのための特殊な生産装置を必要とするもの
であり、栽培管理上も特殊な技術を要するものである。
すなわち、根域を制限した栽培ベッドは、気象条件の変
化に伴う温度と湿度の変動によって、水分変動が激し
く、高糖度トマトの安定的栽培が困難であり、高糖度ト
マトの生産に適する養液の点滴間隔及び点滴量を毛細管
作用によって実現するためには、熟練を要するという課
題があった。[0003] However, the above-mentioned production system for high sugar content tomatoes requires a special production device therefor, and also requires special techniques in cultivation management.
In other words, a cultivation bed with a limited root zone has a severe fluctuation of water due to temperature and humidity fluctuations due to changes in weather conditions, making it difficult to cultivate high-sugar tomatoes stably, and a nutrient solution suitable for producing high-sugar tomatoes. In order to realize the drip interval and drip volume by the capillary action, there was a problem that skill was required.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明が解決しようと
する課題は、従来技術に存在する前述の課題であり、本
発明は、従来から使われている養液栽培装置をそのまま
使用するものであり、養液栽培を行う上で一般的に調節
・管理されているＥＣ（電気伝導度）に着目するもので
あり、ＥＣを高めた養液を使用することによって、高糖
度トマトを生産する方法を提供することを目的とする。The problem to be solved by the present invention is the above-mentioned problem existing in the prior art, and the present invention uses a conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus as it is. There is a method of producing high sugar content tomatoes by using a nutrient solution with a high EC, which focuses on EC (electric conductivity) which is generally adjusted and managed in performing nutrient cultivation. The purpose is to provide.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、養液栽培期間
の内、少なくとも１週間以上の栽培期間を、ＥＣ（電気
伝導度）０．５〜３．０Ｓ／ｍの範囲の高ＥＣ養液を用
いて栽培することを特徴とする養液栽培による高糖度ト
マト生産方法を要旨とするものである。また、本発明
は、高ＥＣ養液を用いる栽培期間が、開花期以降の間に
あることあるいは養液栽培開始から開花期の間にあるこ
とを特徴とする上記の養液栽培による高糖度トマト生産
方法を要旨とするものである。According to the present invention, a high EC culture in an EC (electric conductivity) range of 0.5 to 3.0 S / m is carried out for at least one week or more of a hydroponic culture period. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The gist of the present invention is a method for producing a high sugar content tomato by hydroponic cultivation, which comprises cultivating using a liquid. The present invention also provides a high-sugar tomato produced by the above-mentioned nutrient cultivation, wherein the cultivation period using the high EC nutrient solution is after the flowering period or between the start of the nutrient cultivation and the flowering period. The main point is the production method.
【０００６】さらに、本発明は、養液を循環使用する養
液栽培において、栽培開始時の養液のＥＣを０．１〜
１．０Ｓ／ｍとし、養液栽培の進行に応じた水分蒸散と
植物の吸水によって、循環使用する養液のＥＣを徐々に
高め、少なくとも開花期以降において、高ＥＣ養液を用
いて栽培することを特徴とする上記の養液栽培による高
糖度トマト生産方法を要旨とするものである。Further, the present invention provides a nutrient solution having a EC of 0.1 to 0.1 at the start of cultivation in a nutrient solution circulating using a nutrient solution.
At 1.0 S / m, the EC of the nutrient solution to be circulated is gradually increased by water evaporation and plant water absorption according to the progress of nutrient cultivation, and cultivation is performed using a high EC nutrient solution at least after the flowering period. The gist of the present invention is a method for producing a high sugar content tomato by hydroponic cultivation.
【０００７】さらに、本発明は、高ＥＣ養液を用いる栽
培期間が、栽培開始時から開花期までの間にあることを
特徴とする上記の養液栽培による高糖度トマト生産方法
を要旨とするものである。さらに、本発明は、ＮａＣ
ｌ、ＫＣｌ、ＭｇＣｌ２、ＭｇＳＯ４、Ｎａ２ＳＯ４、
ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４、ＭｇＨＰＯ４及びＣａＣｌ２などから
なる塩類の１ないし２種以上を添加することによりつく
られた高ＥＣ養液を用いることを特徴とする上記の養液
栽培による高糖度トマト生産方法を要旨とするものであ
る。Further, the present invention provides a method for producing a high sugar content tomato by hydroponic cultivation, wherein the cultivation period using the high EC nutrient solution is between the start of cultivation and the flowering period. Things. Further, the present invention relates to NaC
1, KCl, MgCl2, MgSO4, Na2SO4,
A method for producing a high-sugar tomato by the above-mentioned nutrient solution cultivation, characterized by using a high EC nutrient solution prepared by adding one or more kinds of salts consisting of NaH2PO4, MgHPO4, CaCl2 and the like. It is.
【０００８】従来の養液栽培に使用される養液のＥＣ
（電気伝導度）は、０．０５〜０．２Ｓ／ｍ程度であっ
て、ＥＣ０．５以上の高ＥＣ養液で栽培することは、一
般的に考えられなかった。本発明者らは、高糖度トマト
の養液栽培について鋭意研究を進めた結果、驚くべきこ
とに、従来常識では考えられなかった高ＥＣ養液で栽培
すると、高糖度トマトが生産できることを見出し、この
新しい知見に基づいて、本発明を完成した。[0008] EC of nutrient solution used for conventional nutrient solution cultivation
(Electric conductivity) is about 0.05 to 0.2 S / m, and cultivation with a high EC nutrient solution having an EC of 0.5 or more was not generally considered. The present inventors have conducted intensive research on hydroponic cultivation of high sugar content tomatoes, and surprisingly found that, when cultivated in a high EC nutrient solution that could not be considered by conventional common knowledge, high sugar content tomatoes can be produced, The present invention has been completed based on this new finding.
【０００９】本発明方法に用いる高ＥＣ養液を得るため
の好ましい方法は、ＮａＣｌ、ＫＣｌ、ＭｇＣｌ２、Ｍ
ｇＳＯ４、Ｎａ２ＳＯ４、ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４、ＭｇＨＰＯ
４及びＣａＣｌ２などからなる塩類の１ないし２種以上
を添加することによる方法である。この方法によって、
養液の浸透圧を高めることができ、植物への水分ストレ
スを増大させることができる。トマト植物への水分スト
レスが高糖度トマトの生産を可能とする。The preferred method for obtaining the high EC nutrient solution used in the method of the present invention is NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, M
gSO4, Na2SO4, NaH2PO4, MgHPO
This is a method by adding one or two or more kinds of salts consisting of 4 and CaCl2. By this method,
The osmotic pressure of the nutrient solution can be increased, and the water stress on the plant can be increased. Water stress on tomato plants enables production of high sugar content tomatoes.
【００１０】養液のＥＣを０．５〜３．０Ｓ／ｍの範囲
にするということは、使用する塩類の種類によって異な
るが、塩類濃度を概ね１，５００〜２５，０００ｐｐｍ
にすることである。なお、本発明方法において、ＥＣの
上限については、絶対にＥＣ３．０Ｓ／ｍを超えてはな
らないという意味ではない。ＥＣ３．０Ｓ／ｍを超えて
もトマトは生育するが、収量を確保する上で、できるだ
け避けた方が好ましいという意味である。[0010] Making the EC of the nutrient solution in the range of 0.5 to 3.0 S / m depends on the kind of the salt used, but the salt concentration is generally 1,500 to 25,000 ppm.
It is to be. In the method of the present invention, the upper limit of EC does not mean that EC must not exceed 3.0 S / m. Even if the EC exceeds 3.0 S / m, tomato grows, but it means that it is preferable to avoid as much as possible in order to secure the yield.
【００１１】高ＥＣ養液のＥＣの範囲は、このような意
味で０．５〜３．０Ｓ／ｍとするが、好ましくは０．７
〜２．０Ｓ／ｍ、もっとも好ましくは０．７〜１．５Ｓ
／ｍである。The EC range of the high EC nutrient solution is 0.5 to 3.0 S / m in this sense, but is preferably 0.7 to 3.0 S / m.
~ 2.0S / m, most preferably 0.7 ~ 1.5S
/ M.
【００１２】本発明方法は、０．５〜３．０Ｓ／ｍの範
囲の高ＥＣ養液をトマト養液栽培の最初から用いて栽培
する方法でもよいが、好ましくは、トマト養液栽培の開
始時は、ＥＣの低い養液を用いて、トマトの開花期以降
の間において、高ＥＣ養液を使用するか、あるいは、ト
マト養液栽培の最初からトマトの開花期までの間におい
て、高ＥＣ養液を使用するか、いずれかの方法が、トマ
ト果実の収量を確保する上で望ましい。The method of the present invention may be a method in which a high EC nutrient solution in the range of 0.5 to 3.0 S / m is used from the beginning of the tomato nutrient solution cultivation. Sometimes, a high EC nutrient solution is used using a nutrient solution with a low EC during the tomato flowering period or after, or a high EC nutrient solution is used from the beginning of the tomato nutrient culture to the flowering period of the tomato. Use of nutrient solutions or either method is desirable to ensure the yield of tomato fruit.
【００１３】高ＥＣ養液を用いるトマトの栽培期間につ
いては、少なくとも１週間、好ましくは少なくとも２週
間、もっとも好ましくは少なくとも４週間である。[0013] The cultivation period of the tomato using the high EC nutrient solution is at least one week, preferably at least two weeks, most preferably at least four weeks.
【００１４】さらに好ましくは、養液を循環使用する養
液栽培において、栽培開始時の養液のＥＣ度を０．１〜
１．０Ｓ／ｍとし、養液栽培の進行に応じた水分蒸散と
植物の吸収によって、ＥＣを徐々に高め、少なくとも開
花期以降において、高ＥＣ養液で栽培することを特徴と
する高糖度トマト生産方法である。More preferably, in the nutrient solution circulating using the nutrient solution, the EC degree of the nutrient solution at the start of the cultivation is 0.1 to 0.1.
A high-sugar tomato characterized by 1.0 S / m and gradually increasing EC by water evaporation and plant absorption according to the progress of nutrient cultivation, and cultivating with high EC nutrient solution at least after the flowering period. It is a production method.
【００１５】養液を循環する養液栽培は、いかなる養液
栽培装置を用いても可能であるが、望ましい一つの養液
栽培装置として実公平７―５０９２１号公報に示される
「浮根式養液栽培装置」を上げることができる。この装
置を用いる場合には、栽培を始めるときに貯液槽内にＥ
Ｃを０．２〜０．５Ｓ／ｍに調整した養液を入れ、毛細
管作用によって吸液部材で吸い上げられ、浮板上のトマ
ト苗根部に供給される。栽培を始めるときの貯液槽内の
養液のＥＣは、さらに好ましくは０．２〜０．８Ｓ／ｍ
に、もっとも好ましくは、０．４〜０．７Ｓ／ｍに調整
する。The hydroponic cultivation in which the nutrient solution is circulated can be performed by using any hydroponic cultivation apparatus. As one preferable hydroponic cultivation apparatus, "Floating Root Nutrient Solution" described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-50921 is disclosed. Cultivation equipment ". When this device is used, when cultivation starts, E
A nutrient solution whose C is adjusted to 0.2 to 0.5 S / m is charged, sucked up by a liquid-absorbing member by capillary action, and supplied to the tomato seedlings on the floating plate. The EC of the nutrient solution in the storage tank at the start of cultivation is more preferably 0.2 to 0.8 S / m.
Most preferably, it is adjusted to 0.4 to 0.7 S / m.
【００１６】この装置では、貯液槽内の養液を間隔を置
いて運転されるポンプで汲み上げて、浮板の上面に設け
られた溝部に設置した養液供給部材から養液が循環して
時間を置いて供給され、吸液部材に蓄積されている余剰
成分が洗浄される。In this apparatus, the nutrient solution in the storage tank is pumped by a pump operated at intervals, and the nutrient solution circulates from a nutrient solution supply member installed in a groove provided on the upper surface of the floating plate. Surplus components supplied at a certain time and accumulated in the liquid absorbing member are washed.
【００１７】養液のＥＣは、養液が吸液部材で植物に常
時供給され、また、養液供給部材から時間を置いて循環
供給されることによって、養液内の水分が蒸散し、徐々
に高くなっていく。少なくとも、トマトの開花期以降の
間に、養液のＥＣが０．５〜３．０Ｓ／ｍの範囲に達
し、高糖度トマトを生産することができる。本発明方法
によって栽培されるトマト品種は、いかなる品種でもよ
いが、大玉の完熟系である品種名「桃太郎」や「おどり
こ」などが好ましい。The EC of the nutrient solution is constantly supplied to the plant by the liquid-absorbing member, and when the nutrient solution is circulated and supplied from the nutrient solution supply member at a certain time, the water in the nutrient solution evaporates and gradually disappears. To be higher. At least, after the flowering period of the tomato, the EC of the nutrient solution reaches the range of 0.5 to 3.0 S / m, and a high sugar content tomato can be produced. The tomato variety cultivated by the method of the present invention may be any variety, but preferably the cultivar names “Momotaro” and “Odoriko”, which are ripe Otama varieties.
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例】本発明の実施例を以下に示すが、もちろん本
発明は、これらの実施例に限るものではない。 １．材料および方法 1996年6月18日にトマト（Lycopersicon esculentum Mil
l.）の品種・桃太郎（発売元：タキイ種苗株式会社）の
種子をロックウールキューブ（3×3×3cm）に１粒ずつ
播種し、温度25℃設定の育苗器の中で発芽させた後、温
室内で育苗した。EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described below, but of course the present invention is not limited to these examples. 1. Materials and Methods June 18, 1996, tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mil
l.) seeds of Momotaro (released by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) are sown one by one in a rock wool cube (3 × 3 × 3 cm) and germinated in a seedling incubator set at a temperature of 25 ° C. The seedlings were raised in a greenhouse.
【００１９】本葉２枚時の7月2日にロックウールキュー
ブ（7.5×7.5×7.5cm）に仮植し、本葉5〜7枚時の7月16
日に幅約0.5ｍ、長さ約2.7ｍの９つの養液栽培ベッドに
それぞれ12本ずつ定植した。なお、ベッド間の間隔は約
2.2ｍであり、10アール当たりの植付本数は、約2,000本
に相当する。Temporarily planted on a rock wool cube (7.5 × 7.5 × 7.5 cm) on July 2 with two true leaves, and July 16 with five to seven true leaves
Twelve plants were planted on nine hydroponic beds about 0.5 m wide and about 2.7 m long each day. The space between beds is approximately
It is 2.2m, and the number of plants per 10 ares is equivalent to about 2,000.
【００２０】育苗期間中は水1,000リットル当たりＪＴ
養液栽培用肥料Ａ−１号を600g、Ｂ−２号（11.0硝酸カ
ルシウム）を 325g、微量要素入りＣ−１号を50g（発売
元：Ａ−１号、Ｂ−２号、Ｃ−１号ともに日本たばこ産
業株式会社）を溶かし、ｐＨを約6.5に調整した養液を
用いた。この養液のＥＣ（電気伝導度）は約0.13S／mで
あった。以下、この養液を「標準養液」と記すこともあ
る。During seedling raising period, JT per 1,000 liters of water
600g of fertilizer A-1 for nutrient cultivation, 325g of B-2 (11.0 calcium nitrate), 50g of C-1 containing trace elements (Distributors: A-1, B-2, C-1 No. 1 was used to dissolve and use a nutrient solution whose pH was adjusted to about 6.5. The EC (electric conductivity) of this nutrient solution was about 0.13 S / m. Hereinafter, this nutrient solution may be referred to as “standard nutrient solution”.
【００２１】[0021]
【表１】 表１に示す１区から７区では、実公平７−５０９２１号
公報の第２図に示される浮根式養液栽培装置（市販の水
耕栽培装置「楽農太郎」、発売元；日本たばこ産業株式
会社）を、８区と９区では特公平８−２４４９８号公報
の第２図に示される従来の浮根式養液栽培装置を使用し
た。[Table 1] In the first to seventh wards shown in Table 1, the floating root nutrient solution cultivation apparatus (commercially available hydroponic cultivation apparatus "Rakuno Taro", sold by Nihon Tobacco Inc.) shown in FIG. 2 of Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-50921. In the 8th and 9th wards, the conventional floating root hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 2 of JP-B-8-24498 was used.
【００２２】８区と９区で使用した従来の浮根式養液栽
培装置では吸水性の不織布等により吸い上げられた養液
の養分のうち、作物に吸収されなかった塩類等が浮き板
の上面の中央部に集積し、このため作物の根や地上部の
生育が抑制されることが知られている。In the conventional floating root nutrient solution cultivation apparatus used in Sections 8 and 9, of the nutrients of the nutrient solution sucked up by the water-absorbent nonwoven fabric, salts not absorbed by the crop are removed from the upper surface of the floating plate. It is known that it accumulates in the central part, which suppresses the growth of crop roots and aboveground parts.
【００２３】一方、１区から７区で使用した「楽農太
郎」では発泡スチロール製の浮き板に傾斜が付けられ、
さらに浮き板の上面に設けた溝に小さな穴を開けたビニ
ールチューブからなる養液供給部材を設置して、ベッド
内の養液をこのチューブを通して定期的に循環させるこ
とにより浮き板上面の不織布等に集積した塩類等が洗い
流される構造となっている。各ベッドは各処理養液を入
れた個別のタンクに接続されており、ベッドに取り付け
られたレベルセンサーによりベッド内の養液が減少する
と自動的に養液が供給された。On the other hand, in "Rakuno Taro" used in the 1st to 7th ward, a floating plate made of styrene foam is inclined.
In addition, a nutrient solution supply member consisting of a vinyl tube with a small hole formed in the groove provided on the upper surface of the floating plate is installed, and the nutrient solution in the bed is periodically circulated through this tube to thereby provide a non-woven fabric on the upper surface of the floating plate. The structure is such that the salts and the like accumulated in the area are washed away. Each bed was connected to a separate tank containing each treatment nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution was automatically supplied when the nutrient solution in the bed was reduced by a level sensor attached to the bed.
【００２４】表１に本実施例の区別を示した。１区は、
従来技術による対照区であり、２〜９区が本発明方法区
である。 表１に示す各区の具体的な養液栽培方法は、
次のとおりである。Table 1 shows the distinction of this embodiment. District 1 is
The control group according to the prior art is a control group, and 2 to 9 are the method groups of the present invention. Specific hydroponic cultivation methods for each ward shown in Table 1
It is as follows.
【００２５】１区の対照区では育苗に用いた養液と同じ
組成の標準養液を使用し、１日に３回、１回当たり１５
分間ベッド内の養液を循環した。また、２週間毎に養液
を全量交換した。ただし、8月19日からベッド内の養液
のＥＣが約0.2Ｓ/mと設定値よりかなり高くなったの
で、以後は標準養液を薄めてＥＣ約0.08S/mの養液を供
給した。In one control group, a standard nutrient solution having the same composition as the nutrient solution used for raising seedlings was used.
The nutrient solution in the bed was circulated for minutes. In addition, the whole nutrient solution was exchanged every two weeks. However, since the EC of the nutrient solution in the bed became significantly higher than the set value of about 0.2 S / m from August 19, the standard nutrient solution was diluted to supply a nutrient solution with an EC of about 0.08 S / m. .
【００２６】２区、３区および４区では標準養液に塩化
ナトリウム（NaCl）、塩化マグネシウム（MgCl２）、硫
酸ナトリウム（Na２SO４）、塩化カルシウム（CaCl
２）、塩化カリウム（KCl）を主成分とし、その他数十
種類の微量成分を含む観賞魚用人工海水「SEALIFE（発
売元：株式会社マリン・テック、以下「人工海水」と記
すこともある）」をそれぞれ1,200、2,400、3,600ppm加
えた養液を定植時から供給し、栽培期間中の養液交換は
原則として行わなかった。養液循環は対照区と同様に行
った。In the second, third and fourth sections, sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) were used as standard nutrient solutions.
2) Artificial seawater for ornamental fish "SEALIFE" (mainly composed of potassium chloride (KCl) and dozens of other minor components) (Publisher: Marine Tech Co., Ltd .; sometimes referred to as "artificial seawater" hereinafter) Was added from the time of planting, and nutrient solution exchange during the cultivation period was not performed in principle. The nutrient solution was circulated similarly to the control.
【００２７】５区は標準養液に人工海水を2,400ppm加え
た養液を定植時から供給し、毎週ベッド内のＥＣを測定
し、0.7S／mを越えていた場合に同じ組成の新しい養液
と全量交換した。養液循環は対照区と同様に行った。In the fifth section, a nutrient solution in which 2,400 ppm of artificial seawater was added to a standard nutrient solution was supplied from the time of planting, and the EC in the bed was measured weekly. If it exceeded 0.7 S / m, a new nutrient having the same composition was obtained. The whole amount was exchanged with the liquid. The nutrient solution was circulated similarly to the control.
【００２８】６区と７区では定植時から第２花房開花期
の8月8日までは標準養液で栽培し、8月8日に標準養液に
人工海水を2,400ppm加えた養液と全量交換し、以後この
養液を供給して栽培した。ただし、７区は５区と同様に
ＥＣが0.7S／mを越えていた場合養液を全量交換した。
両区とも養液循環は対照区と同様に行った。In the 6th and 7th cultivations, the plant is cultivated with a standard nutrient solution from the time of planting until the second inflorescence flowering period on August 8, and on August 8, a nutrient solution obtained by adding 2,400 ppm of artificial seawater to the standard nutrient solution. The whole amount was exchanged, and then the nutrient solution was supplied for cultivation. However, in the 7th section, the whole nutrient solution was exchanged when the EC exceeded 0.7 S / m as in the 5th section.
In both plots, nutrient solution circulation was performed in the same manner as in the control plot.
【００２９】８区と９区では先に述べた従来の浮根式養
液栽培装置を使用し、標準養液に人工海水をそれぞれ1,
200、2,400ppm加えた養液を供給し、養液循環は行わな
かった。In the 8th and 9th wards, the above-mentioned conventional floating root nutrient solution cultivation apparatus is used, and artificial seawater is added to the standard nutrient solution by 1, respectively.
The nutrient solution with 200 and 2,400 ppm added was supplied, and the nutrient solution was not circulated.
【００３０】標準養液に人工海水を1,200ppm加えた場合
の養液のＥＣは約0.31S/m、2,400ppmの場合は約0.51S/
m、3,600ppmの場合は0.69S/mであった。When 1,200 ppm of artificial seawater is added to the standard nutrient solution, the EC of the nutrient solution is about 0.31 S / m, and when it is 2,400 ppm, it is about 0.51 S / m.
In the case of m and 3,600 ppm, it was 0.69 S / m.
【００３１】ベッド内の養液のＥＣとｐＨを毎週２回程
度測定し、ｐＨは概ね５〜７に調整した。各区とも第３
花房の上位葉２枚を残して摘心し、３段栽培とした。ま
た、カルシウム欠乏による尻腐れ果の発生を防ぐために
市販のカルシウム剤「アグリメイト（発売元：日本曹達
株式会社）を100倍に希釈した液を各区12株のうち８株
の各花房に8月12日から9月6日の間、数日おきに計６回
散布した。第１回目散布時の第１果房の果実は直径３cm
程度に肥大していた。なお、尻腐れが発生した果実を発
見した場合は取り除き、その数を記録した。その他温度
管理、病害虫防除などは通常通り行った。The EC and pH of the nutrient solution in the bed were measured about twice a week, and the pH was adjusted to about 5-7. The third in each ward
The top two leaves of the inflorescence were pinched, and three-stage cultivation was performed. Also, in order to prevent the occurrence of ass rot fruit due to calcium deficiency, a commercially available calcium agent "Agrimate (released by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.) diluted 100 times was applied to each flower cluster of 8 of 12 plants in each ward in August. It was sprayed a total of 6 times every few days from 12 to September 6. The fruit of the first cluster was 3 cm in diameter at the first spraying.
It was oversized. In addition, when the fruit with the butt rot was found, it was removed and the number was recorded. In addition, temperature control and pest control were performed as usual.
【００３２】収穫は1996年9月6日から10月30日に実施
し、果数と果重、果実の糖度および還元型アスコルビン
酸（以下、「ビタミンＣ」と記すこともある）含有率を
調査した。The harvest was carried out from September 6 to October 30, 1996. The fruit number and fruit weight, the sugar content of the fruit and the content of reduced ascorbic acid (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “vitamin C”) were determined. investigated.
【００３３】果実の糖度はデジタル糖度計（株式会社ア
タゴ製、PR101）を用いて測定した。また、ビタミンＣ
含有率は5〜10g程度の果実の切片に等重量の５％メタリ
ン酸溶液を加えて乳鉢で磨砕し、小型反射式光度計シス
テム「ＲＱフレックスシステム（製造：メルク、発売
元：関東化学株式会社）」により測定した。また、栽培
期間中に1または２週間毎にベッド内の養液を採取し、
養液組成を調査した。分析にはイオンクロマト（横河ア
ナリティカルシステム製、IC7000）と原子吸光光度計
（日立製、Z-6100）を使用した。The sugar content of the fruit was measured using a digital sugar content meter (PR101, manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.). Also, vitamin C
A content of 5 to 10 g of fruit slices is mixed with an equal weight of 5% metaphosphoric acid solution and ground in a mortar to produce a small reflection-type photometer system "RQ Flex System (manufactured by Merck; sales agency: Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.) Company) ". Also, during the cultivation period, collect the nutrient solution in the bed every one or two weeks,
The nutrient solution composition was investigated. An ion chromatograph (Yokogawa Analytical System, IC7000) and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Z-6100) were used for the analysis.
【００３４】２．結果 （１）栽培概要 本発明方法区では対照区に比べて草丈は低く、茎は細
く、葉は小さく、下方に湾曲した。また、本発明では栽
培後期に下位葉が対照区よりやや多く枯れ上がる傾向は
あったが、いずれの区においても枯死することは無かっ
た。2. Results (1) Outline of Cultivation In the method plot of the present invention, the plant height was lower, the stem was thinner, the leaves were smaller, and the curve was downward, as compared with the control plot. Further, in the present invention, the lower leaves tended to wither slightly more in the latter stage of the cultivation than in the control group, but did not die in any of the groups.
【００３５】第１花房の開花は7月31日から8月1日に始
まり、開花や収穫開始時期には対照区と本発明方法区の
間には大きな差は無かったが、収穫は対照区が本発明方
法区より約２週間早く終了した。つまり、本発明方法区
では対照区に比べて果実の成熟はやや遅かった。The flowering of the first inflorescence started from July 31 to August 1 and there was no significant difference between the control plot and the method plot of the present invention at the time of flowering and the start of harvesting, but the harvest was controlled. Was completed about two weeks earlier than the method of the present invention. In other words, fruit ripening was slightly slower in the method group of the present invention than in the control group.
【００３６】（２）ベッド内の養液のＥＣの推移(2) EC transition of nutrient solution in bed
【表２】 表２に約１ヶ月毎の養液のＥＣを示した。１区の対照区
では8月20日頃の数日間を除き、ＥＣは約0.12s/mとほぼ
一定に保たれたが、本発明方法区では処理後時間の経過
とともにＥＣは高くなり、栽培終了の約１ヶ月前からや
や低下する傾向があった。[Table 2] Table 2 shows the EC of the nutrient solution about every one month. In the control plot of one plot, EC was kept almost constant at about 0.12 s / m except for a few days around August 20, but in the plot of the present invention, the EC increased with the passage of time after treatment, and the cultivation was terminated. Approximately one month before the test, there was a tendency to decrease slightly.
【００３７】２区と３区ではＥＣ1.0s/mを越え、さらに
は４区では3.0s/mを越えた。これに対して、養液を循環
しない８区と９区では養液のＥＣは0.6または0.7s/mを
越えることはなかった。その他の５区、６区、７区でも
ＥＣは0.7S/mを越え、いずれの区でも標準養液のＥＣよ
り著しく高い値であった。The EC exceeded 1.0 s / m in the second and third sections, and exceeded 3.0 s / m in the fourth section. On the other hand, in the 8th and 9th sections where the nutrient solution was not circulated, the EC of the nutrient solution did not exceed 0.6 or 0.7 s / m. The EC exceeded 0.7 S / m in the other sections (5, 6, and 7), and in all the sections, the EC was significantly higher than the EC of the standard nutrient solution.
【００３８】栽培中のベッド内の養液を採取して分析し
た結果、本発明方法区では対照区に比べてナトリウムと
塩素の濃度が著しく高く、マグネシウムとイオウの濃度
がかなり高く、またカリウムやカルシウム、リンなどの
濃度が高かった。As a result of collecting and analyzing the nutrient solution in the cultivated bed, the concentrations of sodium and chlorine were significantly higher, the concentrations of magnesium and sulfur were significantly higher, and the concentrations of potassium and High concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, etc.
【００３９】（３）収穫したトマト果実の糖度およびビ
タミンＣ含有率(3) Sugar content and vitamin C content of harvested tomato fruit
【表３】 表３にトマト果実の糖度とビタミンＣ含有率を示した。
対照区の糖度（Brix％）は5.4、ビタミンＣ含有率は新
鮮重100g当たり22mg（以下、ビタミンＣ含有率の単位を
「mg/100g・FW」と記すこともある）であった。また、一
般に市販されているトマトの糖度は５〜６程度、ビタミ
ンＣ含有率は20mg/100g・FW程度である。[Table 3] Table 3 shows the sugar content and vitamin C content of the tomato fruit.
The sugar content (Brix%) of the control group was 5.4, and the vitamin C content was 22 mg per 100 g of fresh weight (hereinafter, the unit of the vitamin C content may be described as “mg / 100 g · FW”). Generally, commercially available tomatoes have a sugar content of about 5 to 6 and a vitamin C content of about 20 mg / 100 g · FW.
【００４０】これに対して本発明方法区の２〜９区では
糖度が8.3〜11.5、ビタミンＣ含有率が29〜41mg/100g・F
Wと明らかに高く、本発明方法が高糖度で、しかも高ビ
タミンＣであるトマトの生産に極めて有効であることが
示された。一般に高温期ではトマトの果実の肥大と着色
が早く、このため糖度が低いトマトが多く生産される
が、本実施例では高温期に栽培したにもかかわらず、最
低でも糖度8.3のトマトが生産され、３つの本発明方法
区では糖度10以上のトマトが生産された。On the other hand, in the method sections 2 to 9 of the present invention, the sugar content is 8.3 to 11.5 and the vitamin C content is 29 to 41 mg / 100 g · F.
W was clearly high, indicating that the method of the present invention is extremely effective for producing tomatoes having high sugar content and high vitamin C. In general, in the high temperature period, the tomato fruit is rapidly enlarged and colored, so that many tomatoes having a low sugar content are produced.In this example, tomatoes having a sugar content of at least 8.3 are produced despite cultivation in the high temperature period. In the three method groups of the present invention, tomatoes having a sugar content of 10 or more were produced.
【００４１】また、ＥＣが高い養液を用いて、長期間栽
培した区のトマト果実ほど、糖度とビタミンＣ含有率は
高いトマトが生産できることが示された。It was also shown that tomato fruits in a section cultivated for a long time using a nutrient solution having a high EC can produce a tomato having a high sugar content and a high vitamin C content.
【００４２】[0042]
【表４】 表４に１株当たりの果重、果数および尻腐れ果の数を示
した。なお、尻腐れ果についてはカルシウム剤を散布し
た区と散布しない区に分け、収穫時に尻腐れが発生して
いた果実と収穫前に取り除いた果実を合わせた数を示し
てあるが、１株当り収量の果重と果数はカルシウム剤の
散布の有無を区別しないで示してあり、また収穫前に除
去した尻腐れ果は含まれていない。[Table 4] Table 4 shows the fruit weight, the number of fruits and the number of butt rot fruits per strain. The butt rot fruit was divided into the area where calcium was sprayed and the area where it was not sprayed, and the number of fruits that had butt rot at harvest and those removed before harvest were combined. Yield weight and fruit number are shown regardless of the presence or absence of calcium application, and do not include butt rot fruit removed before harvesting.
【００４３】１株当たりの果重の合計は対照区の1,765g
に対して、本発明方法区では196〜651gであった。開花
期以降に高ＥＣ養液で栽培した６区及び７区は、収量が
高かった。また、ＥＣが０．７Ｓ／ｍを超えたら養液を
全量交換した５区の収量が高かった。The total fruit weight per share was 1,765 g in the control plot.
On the other hand, the weight was 196 to 651 g in the method group of the present invention. Sections 6 and 7 cultivated with the high EC nutrient solution after the flowering period had higher yields. In addition, when EC exceeded 0.7 S / m, the yield of the five sections in which the whole nutrient solution was exchanged was high.
【００４４】一般に、高糖度トマトの生産では普通のト
マトの場合より収量が低い。本方法では、糖度が低く、
食味が著しく劣るトマトが出回っている高温期におい
て、糖度が８以上で食味が良いトマトを対照区の1/3以
上の収量を確保して生産できることを示したものであ
り、実用価値が十分あると判断する。高糖度トマトの生
産では尻腐れ果の発生が多くなり、特に高温期の栽培に
おいて著しく多くなるが、カルシウム剤を散布すれば、
尻腐れ果の発生を防止することができることも明らかに
なった。In general, the yield of high sugar content tomatoes is lower than that of ordinary tomatoes. In this method, the sugar content is low,
This shows that in the high temperature period when tomatoes with extremely inferior taste are circulating, tomatoes with a sugar content of 8 or more and a good taste can be produced while securing a yield of 1/3 or more of the control group, which has sufficient practical value. Judge. In the production of high sugar content tomatoes, the occurrence of ass rot fruit increases, especially in high temperature cultivation, but if calcium is sprayed,
It has also been found that the occurrence of butt rot can be prevented.
【００４５】（５）果実の特性と食味評価の結果 対照区や市販トマトは果実は大きく、形や色は良いが、
甘みは少なく、果肉は柔らかく、べとべとした食感があ
る。これに対して、本発明方法で得られた果実は果皮や
果肉がかなり硬く、このため貯蔵性や輸送性に極めて優
れ、高温期であっても樹上で赤くなった果実、つまり完
熟した果実を収穫できる。食味は甘みが強く、酸味もや
や強い。つまり味が濃く、食味が良い。また果肉が硬い
ために、噛みごたえがあり、テクスチャーが極めて良
い。(5) Results of Fruit Characteristics and Taste Evaluation Fruits of the control and commercial tomatoes are large and have good shape and color.
The sweetness is low, the pulp is soft and has a crisp texture. On the other hand, the fruit obtained by the method of the present invention has a considerably hard skin and pulp, so that it is extremely excellent in storage and transportability, and is a reddish fruit even on a high temperature, that is, a ripe fruit. Can be harvested. The taste is sweet and sour. In other words, it has a strong taste and good taste. In addition, since the pulp is hard, it has a chewy texture and has an extremely good texture.
【００４６】[0046]
【表５】 表５は、食味試験の結果を示す。２０人で対照区と本発
明方法区で得られた果実の食味を評価した結果、１８人
は本発明方法区のトマトが「とてもおいしい」又は「お
いしい」と評価し、「まずい」又は「とてもまずい」と
評価する者はいなかった。[Table 5] Table 5 shows the results of the taste test. As a result of evaluating the taste of the fruits obtained in the control group and the method group of the present invention by 20 persons, 18 persons evaluated that the tomato of the method group of the present invention was “very delicious” or “delicious”, and evaluated “bad” or “very good”. Nobody rated it bad. "
【００４７】本発明方法区のトマトは「甘み、酸味が強
く、味が濃く、おいしい」、「果肉が硬く、テクスチャ
ーが良い」という意見が大多数であり、中には「トマト
とは思えなく、果物のようだ」とのコメントがあった。
一方、「同じ（どちらとも言えない）」と評価した者は
「甘みが強く、味が濃い」ことは認めたが、「酸味が強
すぎる」あるいは「果皮や果肉が硬い」ために「どちら
とも言えない」と評価した。なお、対照区のトマトは普
段小売店から購入しているトマトと同等の食味であると
ういことであった。The majority of the tomatoes in the method group of the present invention were "sweet, sour, strong and tasty," and "pulp was hard and had a good texture."It's like a fruit. "
On the other hand, those who rated "same (neither can say either)" acknowledged that "sweetness and taste are strong", but because of "too sour" or "hard skin and flesh" I can't say it. " In addition, the tomatoes in the control area had the same taste as tomatoes usually purchased from retail stores.
【００４８】従って、本食味試験の結果から本発明方法
区のトマトは、大多数の人が「おいしい」と評価し、対
照区や小売店で売られているトマトに比べて味やテクス
チャーなどの食味にいて優れていることが確認された。Therefore, from the results of this taste test, the majority of the tomatoes in the method group of the present invention were evaluated as "delicious", and the taste and texture of the tomatoes were higher than those of the control group and tomatoes sold in retail stores. It was confirmed that the taste was excellent.
【００４９】[0049]
【発明の効果】本発明方法によって、高糖度トマトを安
定して生産でき、しかも、かなりの収量を確保できる。
本発明方法によって生産し、収穫したトマトは、ビタミ
ンＣも多く、味がよく、通常の養液栽培法で生産された
トマトと比べて大多数に人に好まれる。According to the method of the present invention, a high sugar content tomato can be stably produced, and a considerable yield can be secured.
The tomatoes produced and harvested by the method of the present invention are rich in vitamin C, have a good taste, and are generally preferred by humans as compared to tomatoes produced by conventional hydroponics.
Claims (5)
上の栽培期間を、ＥＣ（電気伝導度）０．５〜３．０Ｓ
／ｍの範囲の高ＥＣ養液を用いて栽培することを特徴と
する養液栽培による高糖度トマト生産方法。1. A cultivation period of at least one week in a hydroponic cultivation period, an EC (electric conductivity) of 0.5 to 3.0 S.
A method for producing a high sugar content tomato by hydroponic cultivation, wherein the method is cultivated using a high EC nutrient solution in the range of / m.
以降の間にあることを特徴とする請求項１記載の養液栽
培による高糖度トマト生産方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation period using the high EC nutrient solution is after the flowering period.
栽培開始時の養液のＥＣを０．１〜１．０Ｓ／ｍとし、
養液栽培の進行に応じた水分蒸散と植物の吸水によっ
て、循環使用する養液のＥＣを徐々に高め、少なくとも
開花期以降において、高ＥＣ養液を用いて栽培すること
を特徴とする請求項１記載の養液栽培による高糖度トマ
ト生産方法。3. In a nutrient solution cultivation using a nutrient solution in circulation,
EC of the nutrient solution at the start of cultivation is set to 0.1 to 1.0 S / m,
The cultivation using a high-EC nutrient solution, at least after the flowering stage, by gradually elevating the EC of the circulating nutrient solution by water evaporation and water absorption of the plant according to the progress of the nutrient cultivation. 2. The method for producing a high sugar content tomato by hydroponics according to 1.
時から開花期までの間にあることを特徴とする請求項１
記載の養液栽培による高糖度トマト生産方法。4. The cultivation period using the high EC nutrient solution is between the start of cultivation and the flowering period.
A method for producing a high sugar content tomato by hydroponics according to the above.
４、Ｎａ２ＳＯ４、ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４、ＭｇＨＰＯ４及び
ＣａＣｌ２などからなる塩類の１ないし２種以上を添加
することによりつくられた高ＥＣ養液を用いることを特
徴とする請求項１〜４記載の養液栽培による高糖度トマ
ト生産方法。5. NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, MgSO
4. A high EC nutrient solution according to claim 1, wherein a high EC nutrient solution prepared by adding one or two or more kinds of salts consisting of Na2SO4, NaH2PO4, MgHPO4 and CaCl2 is used. Sugar content tomato production method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9079351A JPH10271924A (en) | 1997-03-31 | 1997-03-31 | Production of tomato of high sugar content by cultivation with culture solution |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9079351A JPH10271924A (en) | 1997-03-31 | 1997-03-31 | Production of tomato of high sugar content by cultivation with culture solution |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10271924A true JPH10271924A (en) | 1998-10-13 |
Family
ID=13687494
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9079351A Pending JPH10271924A (en) | 1997-03-31 | 1997-03-31 | Production of tomato of high sugar content by cultivation with culture solution |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH10271924A (en) |
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| JP2006254776A (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-28 | Chubu Electric Power Co Inc | Method and apparatus for hydroponics of plant |
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| WO2009063806A1 (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2009-05-22 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | Composition for production of plant body having improved sugar content, and use thereof |
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| WO2009063806A1 (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2009-05-22 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | Composition for production of plant body having improved sugar content, and use thereof |
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| US8524978B2 (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2013-09-03 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | Composition for production of plant body having improved sugar content, and use thereof |
| US9930887B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2018-04-03 | Okayama Prefecture | Compound for increasing amino acid content in plant, and use thereof |
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