JPH10255836A - Lithium secondary battery - Google Patents
Lithium secondary batteryInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10255836A JPH10255836A JP9076502A JP7650297A JPH10255836A JP H10255836 A JPH10255836 A JP H10255836A JP 9076502 A JP9076502 A JP 9076502A JP 7650297 A JP7650297 A JP 7650297A JP H10255836 A JPH10255836 A JP H10255836A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- benzoate
- ester
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- lithium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明が属する技術分野】本発明はリチウム二次電池に
係わり、詳しくは、長寿命の電池を得ることを目的とし
た、電解液の溶媒の改良に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery, and more particularly, to an improvement in a solvent for an electrolyte for obtaining a battery having a long life.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】近年、
電解液に非水電解液を使用するリチウム二次電池が、エ
ネルギー密度が高く、しかも、アルカリ二次電池と異な
り、水の分解電圧を考慮する必要がないために、正極活
物質を適宜選定することにより高電圧設計が可能である
などの理由から、注目されている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years,
Since a lithium secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte as an electrolyte has a high energy density and, unlike an alkaline secondary battery, does not need to consider the decomposition voltage of water, a positive electrode active material is appropriately selected. Therefore, attention has been paid to the reason that high voltage design is possible.
【0003】リチウム二次電池の電解液としては、エチ
レンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ジメチル
カーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート等の炭酸エステル
に、LiPF6 、LiBF4 等のリチウム塩を溶かした
ものがよく知られている。As an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, there is well known an electrolyte obtained by dissolving a lithium salt such as LiPF 6 or LiBF 4 in a carbonate such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate.
【0004】しかしながら、電解液の溶媒に炭酸エステ
ルを使用したリチウム二次電池には、充電時に炭酸エス
テルが負極の表面で分解するために、電池寿命(充放電
サイクル寿命)が短いという問題がある。However, a lithium secondary battery using a carbonate as a solvent for an electrolytic solution has a problem that the battery life (charge / discharge cycle life) is short because the carbonate is decomposed on the surface of the negative electrode during charging. .
【0005】本発明は、電解液の溶媒に炭酸エステルを
使用したリチウム二次電池の上記の問題を解決するべく
なされたものであって、充電時に炭酸エステルが負極の
表面で分解しにくい、電池寿命の長いリチウム二次電池
を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problem of a lithium secondary battery using a carbonate as a solvent of an electrolyte, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a battery in which the carbonate is hardly decomposed on the surface of a negative electrode during charging. An object is to provide a lithium secondary battery having a long life.
【0006】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明に係るリチウム二
次電池(本発明電池)は、電解液の溶媒として、炭酸エ
ステル60〜99体積%、好ましくは90〜97体積%
と、安息香酸エステル40〜1体積%、好ましくは10
〜3体積%とからなる混合溶媒を使用したものである。The lithium secondary battery according to the present invention (battery of the present invention) is characterized in that the solvent of the electrolyte is 60 to 99% by volume, preferably 90 to 97% by volume of a carbonate ester.
And benzoate 40 to 1% by volume, preferably 10
-3% by volume.
【0007】炭酸エステルと安息香酸エステルの比率が
上記の如く規制されるのは、安息香酸エステルが過少及
び過多のいずれの場合も電池寿命の長いリチウム二次電
池を得ることが困難になるからである。The reason why the ratio of carbonate to benzoate is regulated as described above is that it is difficult to obtain a lithium secondary battery having a long battery life when the amount of benzoate is too small or too large. is there.
【0008】炭酸エステルの具体例としては、環状炭酸
エステルとして、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカ
ーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネ
ートが、鎖状炭酸エステルとして、ジメチルカーボネー
ト、ジエチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネー
ト、メチルプロピルカーボネート、ブチルメチルカーボ
ネート、エチルプロピルカーボネート、ブチルエチルカ
ーボネート、ジプロピルカーボネートが、それぞれ挙げ
られる。イオン電導性の良い電解液を得る上で、電導度
の高い環状炭酸エステルと粘度の低い鎖状炭酸エステル
とを併用することが好ましい。Specific examples of carbonates include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and vinylene carbonate as cyclic carbonates, and dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, butyl carbonate as chain carbonates. Examples thereof include methyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, butyl ethyl carbonate, and dipropyl carbonate. In order to obtain an electrolytic solution having good ion conductivity, it is preferable to use a cyclic carbonate having a high conductivity and a chain carbonate having a low viscosity in combination.
【0009】安息香酸エステルの具体例としては、安息
香酸メチル、安息香酸エチル、安息香酸プロピル、安息
香酸ブチル、安息香酸アミル、安息香酸オクチル及び安
息香酸セチルが挙げられる。これらの安息香酸エステル
は、一種単独を用いてもよく、必要に応じて二種以上を
併用してもよい。Specific examples of the benzoate include methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, amyl benzoate, octyl benzoate and cetyl benzoate. These benzoic acid esters may be used alone or in combination of two or more as needed.
【0010】本発明は、リチウム二次電池の電解液の溶
媒の改良に関する。それゆえ、電解液の溶質(リチウム
塩)、負極材料、正極材料などは、特に限定されない。
リチウム二次電池用として従来公知の材料を用いること
ができる。[0010] The present invention relates to an improvement in a solvent for an electrolytic solution of a lithium secondary battery. Therefore, the solute (lithium salt) of the electrolytic solution, the negative electrode material, the positive electrode material, and the like are not particularly limited.
A conventionally known material for a lithium secondary battery can be used.
【0011】リチウム塩としては、LiPF6 、LiB
F4 、LiClO4 、LiCF3 SO3 、LiAs
F6 、LiN(CF3 SO2 )2 及びLiOSO2 (C
F2 )3CF3 が例示される。As lithium salts, LiPF 6 , LiB
F 4 , LiClO 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiAs
F 6 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 and LiOSO 2 (C
F 2 ) 3 CF 3 is exemplified.
【0012】負極材料としては、電気化学的にリチウム
イオンを吸蔵及び放出することが可能な物質及び金属リ
チウムが挙げられる。電気化学的にリチウムイオンを吸
蔵及び放出することが可能な物質としては、黒鉛、コー
クス、有機物焼成体等の炭素材料;リチウム−アルミニ
ウム合金、リチウム−マグネシウム合金、リチウム−イ
ンジウム合金、リチウム−錫合金、リチウム−タリウム
合金、リチウム−鉛合金、リチウム−ビスマス合金等の
リチウム合金;及び錫、チタン、鉄、モリブデン、ニオ
ブ、バナジウム及び亜鉛の一種又は二種以上を含む金属
酸化物又は金属硫化物が例示される。Examples of the negative electrode material include a substance capable of electrochemically inserting and extracting lithium ions and lithium metal. Materials capable of electrochemically absorbing and releasing lithium ions include carbon materials such as graphite, coke, and fired organic materials; lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium-indium alloy, and lithium-tin alloy. , Lithium-thallium alloys, lithium-lead alloys, lithium-bismuth alloys and other lithium alloys; and metal oxides or metal sulfides containing one or more of tin, titanium, iron, molybdenum, niobium, vanadium and zinc. Is exemplified.
【0013】正極材料としては、マンガン、コバルト、
ニッケル、バナジウム及びニオブの一種又は二種以上を
含む金属酸化物が例示される。具体例としては、LiM
n2O4 、LiCoO2 、LiNiO2 、Li2 V2 O
5 及びLiNb O3 が挙げられる。As the cathode material, manganese, cobalt,
Metal oxides containing one or more of nickel, vanadium and niobium are exemplified. As a specific example, LiM
n 2 O 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , Li 2 V 2 O
5 and LiNb O 3 and the like.
【0014】本発明電池は、炭酸エステルと安息香酸エ
ステルとの所定割合の混合溶媒を電解液の溶媒として用
いているので、電池寿命が長い。理由は定かでないが、
安息香酸エステルが共存することにより炭酸エステルが
安定化して充電時に分解しにくくなるためと考えられ
る。The battery of the present invention has a long battery life because a predetermined ratio of a mixed solvent of a carbonate ester and a benzoate ester is used as a solvent for the electrolytic solution. I'm not sure why,
It is considered that the coexistence of the benzoate stabilizes the carbonate and makes it difficult to decompose during charging.
【0015】[0015]
【実施例】以下、本発明を実施例に基づいてさらに詳細
に説明するが、本発明は下記実施例に何ら限定されるも
のではなく、その要旨を変更しない範囲において適宜変
更して実施することが可能なものである。EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and the present invention may be practiced by appropriately changing the gist of the invention. Is possible.
【0016】(実験1)この実験では、本発明電池及び
従来電池の電池寿命を調べた。(Experiment 1) In this experiment, the battery life of the battery of the present invention and the conventional battery was examined.
【0017】(本発明電池の作製) 〔正極の作製〕正極活物質としてのLiCoO2 85重
量部と、導電剤としての炭素粉末10重量部と、結着剤
としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン5重量部とを混合し、こ
れにN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを加えて混練してスラ
リーを調製し、このスラリーを正極集電体としてのアル
ミニウム箔の両面に、ドクターブレード法により塗布
し、150°Cで2時間真空乾燥して、正極を作製し
た。(Preparation of Battery of the Present Invention) [Preparation of Positive Electrode] 85 parts by weight of LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode active material, 10 parts by weight of carbon powder as a conductive agent, and 5 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder And N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is added thereto and kneaded to prepare a slurry. The slurry is applied to both surfaces of an aluminum foil as a positive electrode current collector by a doctor blade method, and is heated at 150 ° C. After vacuum drying for 2 hours, a positive electrode was prepared.
【0018】〔負極の作製〕天然黒鉛(格子面(00
2)面の面間隔3.35Å;c軸方向の結晶子の大きさ
2000Å)85重量部と、結着剤としてのポリフッ化
ビニリデン15重量部とを混合し、これにN−メチル−
2−ピロリドンを加えて混練してスラリーを調製し、こ
のスラリーを負極集電体としての銅箔の両面に、ドクタ
ーブレード法により塗布し、150°Cで2時間真空乾
燥して、負極を作製した。[Preparation of negative electrode] Natural graphite (lattice plane (00
2) plane spacing 3.35 °; crystallite size in the c-axis direction 2000 °) 85 parts by weight and 15 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder were mixed, and N-methyl-
2-Pyrrolidone was added and kneaded to prepare a slurry, and this slurry was applied to both surfaces of a copper foil as a negative electrode current collector by a doctor blade method, and vacuum-dried at 150 ° C. for 2 hours to produce a negative electrode did.
【0019】〔電解液の調製〕エチレンカーボネートと
ジエチルカーボネートとの体積比1:1の混合溶媒94
体積部に、安息香酸メチル、安息香酸エチル、安息香酸
プロピル又は安息香酸ブチル6体積部を混合して得た混
合溶媒に、LiPF6 (ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウ
ム)を1モル/リットル溶かして4種類の電解液を調製
した。[Preparation of electrolyte solution] A mixed solvent 94 of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 1: 1.
In a mixed solvent obtained by mixing 6 parts by volume of methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate or butyl benzoate with 1 part by volume, LiPF 6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate) is dissolved at 1 mol / liter to obtain 4 types. Was prepared.
【0020】〔電池の組立〕上記の正極、負極及び各電
解液を用いて、AAサイズ(直径13.8mm、高さ4
8.9mm)のリチウム二次電池(本発明電池)A(安
息香酸メチル使用),B(安息香酸エチル使用),C
(安息香酸プロピル使用),D(安息香酸ブチル使用)
を作製した。なお、セパレータとして、ポリプロピレン
製の微多孔性シートを使用した。[Assembly of Battery] AA size (diameter: 13.8 mm, height: 4
8.9 mm) lithium secondary battery (battery of the present invention) A (using methyl benzoate), B (using ethyl benzoate), C
(Using propyl benzoate), D (using butyl benzoate)
Was prepared. In addition, a polypropylene microporous sheet was used as a separator.
【0021】(従来電池の作製)電解液の調製において
安息香酸エステルを配合しなかったこと以外は本発明電
池の作製と同様にして、リチウム二次電池(比較電池)
Kを作製した。(Preparation of Conventional Battery) A lithium secondary battery (comparative battery) was prepared in the same manner as in the preparation of the battery of the present invention except that benzoic acid ester was not added in the preparation of the electrolytic solution.
K was produced.
【0022】〈各電池の電池寿命〉各電池について、6
00mA(1C相当)で4.1Vまで充電した後、60
0mAで2.75Vまで放電する工程を1サイクルとす
る充放電サイクル試験を室温にて行い、それらの電池寿
命を調べた。電池寿命は、放電容量が400mAh以下
に低下したときの充放電サイクルとして求めた。結果を
表1及び図1に示す。図1は、縦軸に放電容量(mA
h)を、横軸に充放電サイクルをとったグラフである。<Battery life of each battery>
After charging to 4.1 V at 00 mA (corresponding to 1 C), 60
A charge / discharge cycle test was performed at room temperature, in which the step of discharging to 2.75 V at 0 mA was one cycle, and the battery life was examined. The battery life was determined as a charge / discharge cycle when the discharge capacity was reduced to 400 mAh or less. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. FIG. 1 shows the discharge capacity (mA) on the vertical axis.
h) is a graph in which the horizontal axis represents a charge / discharge cycle.
【0023】[0023]
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0024】表1及び図1に示すように、本発明電池A
〜Dの電池寿命は820〜860サイクルと長いのに対
して、従来電池Kのそれは550サイクルと短い。As shown in Table 1 and FIG.
D has a long battery life of 820 to 860 cycles, whereas that of the conventional battery K is as short as 550 cycles.
【0025】(実験2)この実験では、混合溶媒中の安
息香酸メチルの比率(体積%)と、電池寿命の関係を調
べた。(Experiment 2) In this experiment, the relationship between the ratio (volume%) of methyl benzoate in the mixed solvent and the battery life was examined.
【0026】エチレンカーボネートとジエチルカーボネ
ートとの体積比1:1の混合溶媒に、安息香酸メチルを
表2に示す種々の割合で混合して得た混合溶媒に、Li
PF6 を1モル/リットル溶かして電解液を調製した。
これらの電解液を使用したこと以外は実験1と同様にし
て、リチウム二次電池を作製し、実験1と同じ条件の充
放電サイクル試験を行って、各電池の電池寿命を調べ
た。結果を表2及び図2に示す。図2は、縦軸に充放電
サイクル(電池寿命)を、横軸に安息香酸メチルの混合
溶媒中の比率(体積%)をとったグラフである。The mixed solvent obtained by mixing methyl benzoate at various ratios shown in Table 2 with a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate at a volume ratio of 1: 1 was mixed with Li
The PF 6 by dissolving 1 mol / liter to prepare an electrolytic solution.
A lithium secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Experiment 1 except that these electrolytes were used, and a charge / discharge cycle test was performed under the same conditions as in Experiment 1 to check the battery life of each battery. The results are shown in Table 2 and FIG. FIG. 2 is a graph in which the vertical axis represents the charge / discharge cycle (battery life) and the horizontal axis represents the ratio (vol%) of methyl benzoate in the mixed solvent.
【0027】[0027]
【表2】 [Table 2]
【0028】表2及び図2より、安息香酸メチルを1〜
40体積%、好ましくは3〜10体積%含有する混合溶
媒を使用した場合に、電池寿命の長いリチウム二次電池
が得られることが分かる。他の安息香酸エステルについ
ても、それを1〜40体積%、好ましくは3〜10体積
%含有する混合溶媒が好ましいことを別途確認した。From Table 2 and FIG. 2, methyl benzoate was 1 to
It can be seen that a lithium secondary battery with a long battery life can be obtained when a mixed solvent containing 40% by volume, preferably 3 to 10% by volume is used. Regarding other benzoic acid esters, it was separately confirmed that a mixed solvent containing 1 to 40% by volume, preferably 3 to 10% by volume of the benzoic acid ester was preferable.
【0029】上記の実施例では、安息香酸エステルとし
て、安息香酸メチル、安息香酸エチル、安息香酸プロピ
ル又は安息香酸ブチルを使用したが、先に挙げた他の安
息香酸エステルを使用した場合にも、電池寿命の長いリ
チウム二次電池が得られることを別途確認した。In the above embodiment, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate or butyl benzoate was used as the benzoate, but when the other benzoates mentioned above were used, It was separately confirmed that a lithium secondary battery having a long battery life was obtained.
【0030】[0030]
【発明の効果】本発明により電池寿命の長いリチウム二
次電池が提供される。According to the present invention, a lithium secondary battery having a long battery life is provided.
【図1】本発明電池及び従来電池の電池寿命(充放電サ
イクル寿命)を示すグラフである。FIG. 1 is a graph showing battery life (charge / discharge cycle life) of a battery of the present invention and a conventional battery.
【図2】混合溶媒中の安息香酸メチルの比率(体積%)
と、電池寿命の関係を示すグラフである。FIG. 2 Ratio of methyl benzoate in the mixed solvent (% by volume)
5 is a graph showing the relationship between the battery life and the battery life.
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 吉村 精司 大阪府守口市京阪本通2丁目5番5号 三 洋電機株式会社内 (72)発明者 能間 俊之 大阪府守口市京阪本通2丁目5番5号 三 洋電機株式会社内 (72)発明者 西尾 晃治 大阪府守口市京阪本通2丁目5番5号 三 洋電機株式会社内Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Seiji Yoshimura 2-5-5 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka Inside Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshiyuki Noma 2-5-2 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka No. 5 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Koji Nishio 2-5-5 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi City, Osaka Prefecture Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.
Claims (3)
体積%と、安息香酸エステル40〜1体積%とからなる
ことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。The solvent of the electrolyte is a carbonate ester of 60 to 99.
A lithium secondary battery comprising a volume percentage of 40% to 1% by volume of a benzoate.
体積%と、安息香酸エステル10〜3体積%とからなる
ことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solvent of the electrolytic solution is 90 to 97 carbonic esters.
A lithium secondary battery comprising a volume percentage of 10% to 3% by volume of a benzoate.
ル、安息香酸エチル、安息香酸プロピル、安息香酸ブチ
ル、安息香酸アミル、安息香酸オクチル及び安息香酸セ
チルよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種である請求
項1又は2記載のリチウム二次電池。3. The benzoic acid ester is at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, amyl benzoate, octyl benzoate and cetyl benzoate. Item 3. The lithium secondary battery according to Item 1 or 2.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9076502A JPH10255836A (en) | 1997-03-11 | 1997-03-11 | Lithium secondary battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9076502A JPH10255836A (en) | 1997-03-11 | 1997-03-11 | Lithium secondary battery |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH10255836A true JPH10255836A (en) | 1998-09-25 |
Family
ID=13607018
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP9076502A Pending JPH10255836A (en) | 1997-03-11 | 1997-03-11 | Lithium secondary battery |
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Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH10255836A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004063432A (en) * | 2002-06-05 | 2004-02-26 | Sony Corp | Battery |
JP2009277659A (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2009-11-26 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
WO2015111676A1 (en) | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-30 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Non-aqueous electrolyte solution and non-aqueous electrolyte solution secondary battery using same |
-
1997
- 1997-03-11 JP JP9076502A patent/JPH10255836A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004063432A (en) * | 2002-06-05 | 2004-02-26 | Sony Corp | Battery |
JP2009277659A (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2009-11-26 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
WO2015111676A1 (en) | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-30 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Non-aqueous electrolyte solution and non-aqueous electrolyte solution secondary battery using same |
KR20160107262A (en) | 2014-01-22 | 2016-09-13 | 미쓰비시 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | Non-aqueous electrolyte solution and non-aqueous electrolyte solution secondary battery using same |
US10177414B2 (en) | 2014-01-22 | 2019-01-08 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the same |
US10777850B2 (en) | 2014-01-22 | 2020-09-15 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the same |
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