JPH10226547A - Production of artificial aggregate - Google Patents
Production of artificial aggregateInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10226547A JPH10226547A JP3232997A JP3232997A JPH10226547A JP H10226547 A JPH10226547 A JP H10226547A JP 3232997 A JP3232997 A JP 3232997A JP 3232997 A JP3232997 A JP 3232997A JP H10226547 A JPH10226547 A JP H10226547A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- aggregate
- pulverized
- fly ash
- amount
- reducing agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/10—Burned or pyrolised refuse
- C04B18/105—Gaseous combustion products or dusts collected from waste incineration, e.g. sludge resulting from the purification of gaseous combustion products of waste incineration
- C04B18/106—Fly ash from waste incinerators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/0016—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B20/002—Hollow or porous granular materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、都市ごみの焼却時
に排ガス中に飛散する飛灰の資源化に関し、飛灰から建
築、土木用などに使用する骨材を製造する場合に有害物
を無害化する方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the recycling of fly ash that is scattered in exhaust gas during the incineration of municipal solid waste, and makes harmless substances harmless when manufacturing aggregate for construction and civil engineering from fly ash. About how to convert.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】都市ごみの焼却時に排ガス中に飛散して
捕集された飛灰の大半は廃棄物として埋め立て処分され
ている。しかし、焼却飛灰中には、鉛、亜鉛などの重金
属類が多く含まれている。このため、埋め立て後の溶出
を防止するため、重金属類の溶出防止処理が施されてい
る。2. Description of the Related Art Most of fly ash scattered and collected in exhaust gas during incineration of municipal waste is disposed of as landfill. However, incinerated fly ash contains a lot of heavy metals such as lead and zinc. For this reason, in order to prevent elution after landfill, a treatment for preventing elution of heavy metals is performed.
【０００３】現在採用されている、あるいは検討されて
いる溶出防止処理の技術、すなわち飛灰より重金属を溶
出させないようにするための技術は、以下のようなもの
である。[0003] The technology of the elution prevention treatment currently employed or studied, that is, the technology for preventing heavy metals from being eluted from fly ash, is as follows.
【０００４】ａ．溶融固化 この方法では、飛灰を加熱溶融し、その後冷却固化す
る。飛灰の一部はガラス化する。この方法は、飛灰の減
容化が図れるものの、エネルギー消費量が高く、コスト
的に問題点がある。また生成するスラグガラスの資源化
が難しい。A. Melt solidification In this method, fly ash is heated and melted, and then cooled and solidified. Part of the fly ash is vitrified. Although this method can reduce the volume of fly ash, it has a high energy consumption and has a problem in cost. Also, it is difficult to recycle the generated slag glass.
【０００５】ｂ．セメント固化 この方法では、セメントを混ぜ込んで、固化する。混合
するセメントの分だけ処理量が増大するため、最終処分
場の寿命を縮める問題がある。コスト的には安価である
ものの、経済的というにはほど遠い状況である。B. Cement solidification In this method, cement is mixed and solidified. Since the treatment amount is increased by the amount of the cement to be mixed, there is a problem that the life of the final disposal site is shortened. Although cheap in terms of cost, it is far from economic.
【０００６】ｃ．キレート処理 この方法では、鉛や亜鉛などの重金属類をキレート剤に
より安定な化合物として溶出を防止する。キレート剤が
高価であり、長期の重金属類の安定効果の面で信頼性が
必ずしも確かではなく、また、焼却灰の減容化が充分で
ない問題点がある。C. Chelation treatment In this method, heavy metals such as lead and zinc are prevented from being eluted by a chelating agent as a stable compound. The chelating agent is expensive, and its reliability is not always reliable in terms of long-term stability of heavy metals, and the volume of incinerated ash is not sufficiently reduced.
【０００７】ｄ．酸洗浄 この方法では、飛灰を酸洗浄し、あらかじめ溶出する可
能性の高い金属分を除去し、洗浄後の飛灰を埋め立て、
前記金属分を含む洗浄水を別途処理する。処理設備が大
規模となり、焼却灰の減容化が充分でない問題点があ
る。D. Acid washing In this method, fly ash is acid-washed to remove metals that are likely to elute in advance, and the fly ash after cleaning is reclaimed.
The washing water containing the metal is separately treated. There is a problem that the treatment equipment becomes large-scale and volume reduction of incineration ash is not sufficient.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記方法は、いずれも
飛灰の大半部分が埋め立て処分となっいるばかりか新た
な廃棄物すら生み出しかねないものとなっている。しか
し、埋め立て処分場、特に飛灰を処理するための管理型
の最終処分場は残余年数が少なくなる一方であり、多く
の自治体が処分場の確保と寿命の延長に苦慮していると
ころである。In each of the above methods, most of the fly ash is landfilled and may even generate new waste. However, landfills, especially managed landfills for processing fly ash, are decreasing in remaining years, and many municipalities are struggling to secure landfills and extend their life.
【０００９】加えて、セメント固化、キレート処理、酸
洗浄と言った方法では例えば、重金属類の溶出を長期
間、確実に防止できるかどうか、処理コストをどこまで
低下させ得るか、処理設備の運転技術を簡便にするには
どうすべきかといった点で解決すべき点は多い。[0009] In addition, methods such as cement solidification, chelating treatment and acid cleaning, for example, determine whether elution of heavy metals can be reliably prevented for a long period of time, how much processing cost can be reduced, and how to operate processing equipment. There are many points that need to be resolved in terms of what should be done to simplify.
【００１０】これらの課題を解決するために、飛灰を高
温で焼成して無害化すると共に建築、土木用材料として
使用できる骨材として再資源化する方法が開発されてき
た。[0010] In order to solve these problems, a method has been developed in which fly ash is burned at a high temperature to render it harmless and, at the same time, recycled as aggregate that can be used as a material for construction and civil engineering.
【００１１】飛灰を原料として骨材を作製した場合、人
体の健康への有害性は重金属の溶出性により評価されて
いるが、長期の環境変化による有害物の溶出の可能性を
基本的に排除するには、骨材中に残存する有害物を極力
除去しておくことが好ましい。When aggregates are made from fly ash as a raw material, the harmfulness to human health is evaluated based on the dissolution property of heavy metals, but basically the possibility of dissolution of harmful substances due to long-term environmental changes. To eliminate the harmful substances, it is preferable to remove harmful substances remaining in the aggregate as much as possible.
【００１２】従って、本発明は、ロータリーキルンで焼
却飛灰を焼成して骨材化する場合に骨材中に残留する重
金属類、特に健康上問題となる鉛の揮発除去技術の改善
を目的としている。Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to improve the technology for volatilizing and removing heavy metals remaining in the aggregate, particularly lead, which is a health problem when the incinerated fly ash is burned into an aggregate in a rotary kiln. .
【００１３】[0013]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明では、都市ごみの
焼却飛灰と組成調合材と粘結材と還元剤とを用いて、焼
成後のシリカと酸化カルシュウムの含有率を所定の範囲
となるように調合して、更に必要に応じて発泡剤を加え
て、ペレットのような形成体を形成し、酸化雰囲気のロ
ータリーキルンで焼成する。これにより、骨材の使用中
における鉛や亜鉛などの重金属の溶出を少なくすると共
に土木、建築用の骨材として使用できる強度と比重など
の機械的特性と化学的品質を持った人工骨材を作製する
事ができる。具体的には、還元剤である炭素成分を添加
して成形体の内部を還元状態に保ちながら、焼成ガス中
の酸素濃度を高くして形成体の表面を酸化雰囲気にして
焼成すると、鉛などの重金属類の揮発が促進され、骨材
中の重金属類の残留量を著しく低減できる。According to the present invention, the content of silica and calcium oxide after firing is controlled within a predetermined range by using incinerated fly ash of municipal solid waste, a composition mixture, a binder, and a reducing agent. Then, a foaming agent is further added as needed to form a formed body such as a pellet, which is fired in a rotary kiln in an oxidizing atmosphere. This makes it possible to reduce the elution of heavy metals such as lead and zinc during the use of aggregates, and to produce artificial aggregates with mechanical properties such as strength and specific gravity and chemical quality that can be used as aggregates for civil engineering and construction. Can be made. Specifically, when a carbon component serving as a reducing agent is added to keep the inside of the molded body in a reduced state, the oxygen concentration in the calcining gas is increased, and the surface of the molded body is calcined in an oxidizing atmosphere. Is promoted, and the residual amount of heavy metals in the aggregate can be significantly reduced.
【００１４】本発明の一態様では、都市ごみの焼却飛灰
と粘結材（ベントナイト）と組成調合材（珪砂、陶石、
長石、カオリナイト、木節粘度などのシリカを含む鉱
物）とを、得られた混合物の焼成後の化学組成のシリカ
が２０〜８０重量％で酸化カルシュウムが１０〜３５％
になるように配合する。これにより、土木、建築用の骨
材としての組成が得られる。この時、骨材を軽量化する
場合には、酸化カルシウムが０．５〜１５重量％になる
ようにし、更に軽量化する場合には発泡剤として、好ま
しくは、平均粒度１０μｍ以下の酸化鉄および炭化珪素
をそれぞれ外割で２〜１０重量％、０．１〜２．５重量
％を用いる。更に、石炭またはコークスを還元剤として
炭素量換算で１〜１０％を加えるのが好ましい。このよ
うにして得た混合物を平均粒径が１５μｍ以下となるよ
うに粉砕する。次いで、得られた粉砕物に水を加えて成
形して成形体を得る。その後、要すれば乾燥した後、こ
の成形体をロータリーキルンで１０００〜１２５０℃で
焼成する。ロータリーキルンで焼成する場合、燃焼ガス
中の酸素濃度を５〜１２％と高くして成形体表面を酸化
雰囲気に曝すように焼成すると、焼成温度を高く保持で
きるため重金属類の揮発が促進され、生成した骨材中に
残留する鉛などの重金属の量を著しく減少できる。従っ
て、土木用、建築用として使用された骨材から溶出する
重金属の量も大きく減少できる。In one embodiment of the present invention, incinerated fly ash of municipal solid waste, a binder (bentonite), and a composition mixture (silica sand, pottery stone,
Minerals containing silica such as feldspar, kaolinite, and wood knot viscosity), and 20 to 80% by weight of silica and 10 to 35% of calcium oxide having a chemical composition of the obtained mixture after firing.
It is blended so that it becomes. Thereby, the composition as an aggregate for civil engineering and construction is obtained. At this time, in order to reduce the weight of the aggregate, the content of calcium oxide is adjusted to 0.5 to 15% by weight. In the case of further reducing the weight, iron oxide having an average particle size of 10 μm or less is preferably used as a foaming agent. Silicon carbide is used at 2 to 10% by weight and 0.1 to 2.5% by weight, respectively. Further, it is preferable to add 1 to 10% in terms of carbon amount using coal or coke as a reducing agent. The mixture thus obtained is pulverized so that the average particle size is 15 μm or less. Next, water is added to the obtained pulverized product to form a molded product. Then, after drying if necessary, this molded body is fired at 1000 to 1250 ° C. in a rotary kiln. In the case of firing in a rotary kiln, when the oxygen concentration in the combustion gas is increased to 5 to 12% and the surface of the molded body is exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere, the firing temperature can be kept high, so that the volatilization of heavy metals is promoted, and The amount of heavy metals such as lead remaining in the aggregate can be significantly reduced. Therefore, the amount of heavy metal eluted from the aggregate used for civil engineering and construction can be greatly reduced.
【００１５】本発明に用いる成形方法としては所定の寸
法の成形体を形成できるものであればいずれでも支障は
ないが、バンペレタイザーや押し出し成形機を用いると
簡便である。また、焼成は連続操業や品質の均一性を勘
案すればロータリーキルンを用いることが好ましい。The molding method used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can form a molded body having a predetermined size. However, it is convenient to use a bump pelletizer or an extrusion molding machine. In addition, it is preferable to use a rotary kiln for firing in consideration of continuous operation and uniformity of quality.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の実施の形態】焼却飛灰と組成調合材と粘結材と
からなる原料（軽量化を図るときには発泡剤を添加す
る）をペレットのような成形体にして、ロータリーキル
ンで焼成して人工骨材または人工軽量骨材を製造する際
に、原料中に還元剤、具体的には炭素成分を添加して、
成形体内部を還元状態に保ちながら、燃焼ガス中の酸素
濃度を高くして成形体表面を酸化雰囲気として焼成する
と、鉛などの重金属類の揮発を促進し、生成した骨材中
の残留量を著しく低減できる。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A raw material composed of incinerated fly ash, a composition mixture and a binder (to which a foaming agent is added for weight reduction) is formed into a molded product such as pellets, which is fired in a rotary kiln and artificially produced. When producing aggregates or artificial lightweight aggregates, a reducing agent, specifically a carbon component, is added to the raw material,
By keeping the inside of the compact in a reduced state and raising the oxygen concentration in the combustion gas to bake the surface of the compact in an oxidizing atmosphere, the volatilization of heavy metals such as lead is promoted, and the residual amount in the generated aggregate is reduced. It can be significantly reduced.
【００１７】実験キルンを用いた基礎実験により、成形
体内部を還元状態に保ちながら焼成すると、鉛、亜鉛、
カドミウムなどの重金属類の揮発、すなわち成形体から
の除去が、内部が酸化状態の場合に比べて、低温（１１
００℃以下）で促進されることが確認された。According to a basic experiment using an experimental kiln, when the inside of the compact is fired while being kept in a reduced state, lead, zinc,
The volatilization of heavy metals such as cadmium, that is, the removal from the molded body, is performed at a lower temperature (11
(00 ° C. or less).
【００１８】重金属類と反応しやすい酸素を減少して加
熱すると、焼却飛灰中に塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム
として含まれる塩素と前記重金属類が化合して塩化物を
生成しやすく、塩化揮発が促進されるものと思われる。When the oxygen that easily reacts with heavy metals is reduced and heated, chlorine contained as sodium chloride and potassium chloride in the incineration fly ash is combined with the heavy metals to easily produce chlorides, which promotes chloride volatilization. It seems to be done.
【００１９】還元剤としては、石炭、コークスなどの固
形の高炭素含有物が使用できる。また重油等の液状の炭
素含有物も使用できる。還元剤の添加量は、炭素量換算
で１〜１０重量％が好ましい。１％以下では還元効果が
発揮されない。また１０％以上では、焼成により得た骨
材の中に未反応炭素の残留量が多くなり、骨材の強度が
低下する。As the reducing agent, solid high carbon content materials such as coal and coke can be used. Liquid carbon-containing substances such as heavy oil can also be used. The addition amount of the reducing agent is preferably 1 to 10% by weight in terms of carbon amount. At less than 1%, no reduction effect is exhibited. If it is 10% or more, the amount of unreacted carbon remaining in the aggregate obtained by firing increases, and the strength of the aggregate decreases.
【００２０】発泡剤として、好ましくは、平均粒度１０
μｍ以下の酸化鉄および炭化珪素をそれぞれ外割で２〜
１０重量％、０．１〜２．５重量％を用いる。発泡剤の
平均粒度が１０μｍより大きくなると発泡剤としての効
果が著しく減少する。The foaming agent preferably has an average particle size of 10
Iron oxide and silicon carbide of less than μm
Use 10% by weight, 0.1-2.5% by weight. When the average particle size of the blowing agent is larger than 10 μm, the effect as the blowing agent is significantly reduced.
【００２１】一方、焼成時の燃焼ガス中の酸素濃度を高
くして酸化雰囲気中で焼成すると、重金属類の揮発が促
進されることが確認された。この原因については、以下
のように考えられる。酸化雰囲気中で焼成すると、成形
体の表面は酸化され、成形体中に含まれる鉄がＦｅ2Ｏ3
となって褐色を呈する。成形体の内部は還元雰囲気とな
っいるため鉄はＦｅＯまたはＦｅ3Ｏ4となり黒色を示
す。Ｆｅ2Ｏ3は、ＦｅＯまたはＦｅ3Ｏ4と比較して融点
が高いから、成形体の表面の耐火度が内部より上昇す
る。成形体の内部から重金属類が主として塩化物として
揮散する場合、成形体の表面の耐火度が高く、通気性が
確保されているため揮散が進行しやすい。また、一般的
には燃焼ガス中の酸素濃度を増加させると、ロータリー
キルン内を通過するガス量は増加し、予熱部から上昇し
て重金属類の揮発に必要な温度に成形体を長時間保持で
きる。On the other hand, it was confirmed that when the oxygen concentration in the combustion gas at the time of firing was increased and firing was performed in an oxidizing atmosphere, the volatilization of heavy metals was promoted. The cause is considered as follows. When fired in an oxidizing atmosphere, the surface of the compact is oxidized and the iron contained in the compact becomes Fe 2 O 3
It becomes brown. Since the inside of the molded body is in a reducing atmosphere, iron becomes FeO or Fe 3 O 4 and shows black. Since Fe 2 O 3 has a higher melting point than FeO or Fe 3 O 4 , the fire resistance of the surface of the molded body increases from the inside. When heavy metals mainly volatilize as chlorides from the inside of the molded body, volatilization easily proceeds because the surface of the molded body has high fire resistance and air permeability is secured. In general, when the oxygen concentration in the combustion gas is increased, the amount of gas passing through the rotary kiln increases, and the molded body can be maintained at a temperature required for volatilization of heavy metals by rising from the preheating section for a long time. .
【００２２】燃焼ガス中の酸素濃度は、５〜１２％が重
金属の揮発促進に適している。酸素濃度が５％以下で
は、重金属類の揮発促進効果が少なく、逆に１２％以上
では、燃料燃焼時の過剰空気が著しく増加して、成形体
の内部の還元状態が維持できなくなる。なお、燃焼ガス
中の酸素濃度が高すぎると、燃料の必要量が大幅に増加
する。An oxygen concentration in the combustion gas of 5 to 12% is suitable for promoting the volatilization of heavy metals. When the oxygen concentration is 5% or less, the effect of promoting the volatilization of heavy metals is small. On the other hand, when the oxygen concentration is 12% or more, excess air during fuel combustion increases remarkably, and the reduced state inside the compact cannot be maintained. If the oxygen concentration in the combustion gas is too high, the required amount of fuel increases significantly.
【００２３】本発明の方法では、飛灰と組成調合材と粘
結剤と還元剤とを混合した混合物を構成する粒子の平均
粒径が１５μｍより大きいと、最終的に得られる人工骨
材の強度が低下する。よって、形成の前に、平均粒径が
１５μｍ以下となるように粉砕することが必要である。
なお、この粉砕が均一混合の役割を果たすことは言うま
でもないことである。In the method of the present invention, if the average particle diameter of the particles constituting the mixture of the fly ash, the composition mixture, the binder and the reducing agent is larger than 15 μm, Strength decreases. Therefore, before formation, it is necessary to pulverize so that the average particle size is 15 μm or less.
Needless to say, this grinding plays a role of uniform mixing.
【００２４】前述のように粉砕して得た混合物に水を加
えて転動造粒かまたは押し出し造粒によりペレットのよ
うに成形する。このようにして得た成形体の大きさをど
の程度にするかは、主として製品として得る人工軽量骨
材の大きさに従うが、一般に５〜１５ｍｍとすることが
多い。Water is added to the mixture obtained by pulverization as described above, and the mixture is formed into pellets by rolling granulation or extrusion granulation. The size of the molded body obtained in this way mainly depends on the size of the artificial lightweight aggregate obtained as a product, but is generally 5 to 15 mm in general.
【００２５】焼成は１０５０〜１２５０℃とする。この
範囲より低い温度では、焼成が十分でなく、この範囲よ
り高い温度では、成形体の粘結性が高まり、成形体の相
互付着により操業不能となる確率が高くなるからであ
る。The firing is performed at 1,050 to 1,250 ° C. If the temperature is lower than this range, the sintering is not sufficient, and if the temperature is higher than this range, the caking property of the molded body is increased, and the probability of operation failure due to mutual adhesion of the molded bodies increases.
【００２６】焼成に用いる炉はロータリーキルンが好ま
しい。ロータリーキルンは、設備が簡単で、焼成により
得た骨材の品質にバラツキが少なく、建築、土木用に使
用される間に鉛などの重金属類の溶出が少なく、無害化
の信頼性が高い点で、骨材を焼成する設備として好まし
い。The furnace used for firing is preferably a rotary kiln. Rotary kilns are simple in terms of equipment, have less variation in the quality of aggregates obtained by firing, less elution of heavy metals such as lead during construction and civil engineering, and have high harmless reliability. It is preferable as a facility for firing aggregate.
【００２７】以下に、鉛に関する本発明の実施例を説明
する。本発明者等は、同様な結果が亜鉛、カドミウムに
ついても得られることを確認した。An embodiment of the present invention relating to lead will be described below. The present inventors have confirmed that similar results can be obtained for zinc and cadmium.
【００２８】[0028]
［実施例１−１−１〜２−２−３］実験に使用した２種
類の焼却飛灰（Ａ、Ｂ）、珪砂、長石、ベントナイト、
ヘマタイトの化学組成を表１に、石炭コークスの工業分
析値を表２に示した。これらの原料と炭化珪素を表３に
示す配合で計量採取して、更にこれに石炭、コークスを
表４に示す割合で加えて、ボールミルで平均粒径１５μ
ｍ以下に粉砕混合した。粉砕した原料の粒度分布は、レ
ーザー回折式粒度分布計で測定した。[Example 1-1-1 to 2-2-3] Two types of incinerated fly ash (A, B), quartz sand, feldspar, bentonite,
Table 1 shows the chemical composition of hematite, and Table 2 shows the industrial analysis values of coal coke. These raw materials and silicon carbide were weighed and collected in the proportions shown in Table 3, and coal and coke were further added thereto in the proportions shown in Table 4, and the average particle size was 15 μm in a ball mill.
m or less. The particle size distribution of the pulverized raw material was measured with a laser diffraction type particle size distribution meter.
【００２９】得られた粉砕原料に水を加えながら、バン
ペレタイザーで直径５〜１５ｍｍ程度の球状ペレットに
造粒し乾燥した後、１０５０〜１２５０℃の温度帯域を
有し、回転速度４ｒｐｍのロータリーキルン（煉瓦内径
３００ｍｍ×長さ４８００ｍｍ）に供給して滞留時間３
６分で焼成した。焼成時の燃焼ガス中の酸素濃度を表４
に示した。焼成後の骨材の化学組成を表３に、原料の平
均粒径を表６に示した。焼成した骨材の比重はＪＩＳ
Ａ １１１０に基づいて測定し、圧壊強度は直径約１０
ｍｍの骨材について測定した。得られた結果を表６に合
わせて示した。While adding water to the obtained pulverized raw material, the mixture is granulated into spherical pellets having a diameter of about 5 to 15 mm using a bumper resizer and dried. (Brick inner diameter 300mm x length 4800mm) and residence time 3
Baking for 6 minutes. Table 4 shows the oxygen concentration in the combustion gas during firing.
It was shown to. Table 3 shows the chemical composition of the aggregate after firing, and Table 6 shows the average particle size of the raw materials. The specific gravity of the fired aggregate is JIS
A 1110, the crushing strength was about 10 mm in diameter.
mm of aggregate. The results obtained are shown in Table 6.
【００３０】表４に示すように所定の添加率で還元剤を
加えた成形体を、所定の燃焼ガス中の酸素濃度で焼成す
ると、焼成した骨材中に残留する鉛の量は、表６に示す
ように、０．０５％以下と少なくなった。As shown in Table 4, when the molded body to which the reducing agent was added at a predetermined addition rate was fired at a predetermined oxygen concentration in the combustion gas, the amount of lead remaining in the fired aggregate was as shown in Table 6. As shown in FIG.
【００３１】［比較例]比較例の原料は、各々対応番号
の実施例と同一配合とし、粉砕時の平均粒径も１５μｍ
以下にした。また、ロータリーキルンの回転速度（４ｒ
ｐｍ）と、ロータリーキルン内滞留時間（３６分）を実
施例と同じにした。なお、他の実験によれば、ロータリ
ーキルン内の滞留時間が２４分より短いと、骨材中の鉛
残留量が多くなった。また、成形体の加熱温度を９９０
℃にすると、加熱時間を１１２分にしても、鉛残留量が
多かった。Comparative Example The raw materials of the comparative example had the same composition as those of the corresponding examples, and the average particle size at the time of pulverization was 15 μm.
I did it below. Also, the rotational speed of the rotary kiln (4r
pm) and the residence time in the rotary kiln (36 minutes) were the same as in the example. According to another experiment, when the residence time in the rotary kiln was shorter than 24 minutes, the amount of lead remaining in the aggregate increased. Further, the heating temperature of the molded body is set to 990
At ℃, even when the heating time was 112 minutes, the residual amount of lead was large.
【００３２】［比較例１−１−１］燃焼ガス中の酸素濃
度（７％）が本発明の範囲内にあっても、還元剤の添加
量（０％）が本発明の範囲より少ないため、鉛残留量
（０．３４％）が実施例の６倍以上と多くなった。Comparative Example 1-1-1 Even if the oxygen concentration (7%) in the combustion gas was within the range of the present invention, the amount of the reducing agent added (0%) was smaller than the range of the present invention. , The residual amount of lead (0.34%) was 6 times or more that of the example.
【００３３】［比較例２−２−１］還元剤の添加量（６
％）が本発明の範囲内にあっても、燃焼ガス中の酸素濃
度（４％）が本発明の範囲より少ないため、鉛残留量
（０．１１％）が実施例の２倍以上と多くなった。[Comparative Example 2-2-1] The amount of the reducing agent added (6
%) Is within the range of the present invention, the oxygen concentration (4%) in the combustion gas is lower than the range of the present invention, so that the residual amount of lead (0.11%) is more than twice as large as that of the example. became.
【００３４】［比較例１−２−２］還元剤の添加量（６
％）が本発明の範囲内にあっても、燃焼ガス中の酸素濃
度（１３％）が本発明の範囲より多いため。鉛残留量
（０．１８％）が実施例の３倍以上と多くなった。[Comparative Example 1-2-2] The amount of the reducing agent added (6
%) Is within the range of the present invention, because the oxygen concentration (13%) in the combustion gas is higher than the range of the present invention. The lead residue (0.18%) was more than three times that of the example.
【００３５】［比較例２−２−２］還元剤の添加量（７
％）が本発明の範囲内にあっても、燃焼ガス中の酸素濃
度（１３％）が本発明の範囲より多いため。鉛残留量
（０．１０％）が実施例の２倍と多くなった。[Comparative Example 2-2-2] The amount of the reducing agent added (7
%) Is within the range of the present invention, because the oxygen concentration (13%) in the combustion gas is higher than the range of the present invention. The residual amount of lead (0.10%) was twice as large as that of the example.
【００３６】［比較例１−１−２］還元剤の添加量（１
１％）が本発明の範囲より多く、燃焼ガス中の酸素濃度
（３％）が本発明の範囲より少ないため、鉛残留量
（０．６３％）が実施例の１０倍以上と多くなった。[Comparative Example 1-1-2] The amount of the reducing agent added (1
1%) is larger than the range of the present invention, and the oxygen concentration in the combustion gas (3%) is smaller than the range of the present invention. Therefore, the residual amount of lead (0.63%) is more than 10 times as large as that of the example. .
【００３７】［比較例２−１−２］還元剤の添加量（１
２％）が本発明の範囲より多く、燃焼ガス中の酸素濃度
（１３％）も本発明の範囲より多いため、鉛残留量
（０．３６％）が実施例の７倍以上と多くなった。[Comparative Example 2-1-2] The amount of the reducing agent added (1
2%) is more than the range of the present invention, and the oxygen concentration in the combustion gas (13%) is also more than the range of the present invention. .
【００３８】[0038]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００３９】[0039]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００４０】[0040]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００４１】[0041]
【表４】 [Table 4]
【００４２】[0042]
【表５】 [Table 5]
【００４３】[0043]
【表６】 [Table 6]
【００４４】[0044]
【表７】 [Table 7]
【００４５】[0045]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、焼却飛灰を無害化して
土木、建築用骨材として有効利用するにあたり、骨材中
の鉛等の重金属類の残留量を大幅に減少できることか
ら、様々な自然環境の中で骨材の無害化の信頼性を著し
く向上し、環境、衛生上極めて意義が大きい。また、揮
発した鉛等の重金属類の回収、再利用率も向上すること
から、資源リサイクル上も有意義である。According to the present invention, the amount of residual heavy metals such as lead in the aggregate can be greatly reduced in detoxifying incinerated fly ash and effectively utilizing it as civil engineering and building aggregate. It significantly improves the reliability of detoxifying aggregates in a natural environment, and is extremely significant in terms of environment and hygiene. In addition, recovery and reuse rates of heavy metals such as volatilized lead are improved, which is significant in resource recycling.
Claims (7)
粉塵を捕集した飛灰に粘結材と組成調合材と還元剤とを
添加して得られた混合物を平均粒径が１５μｍ以下にな
るように粉砕し、次いで、得られた粉砕物を成形して成
形体を得た後、酸素濃度が５〜１２％の燃焼ガス中にお
いて１０００〜１２５０℃で焼成することを特徴とする
人工骨材の製造方法。1. A mixture obtained by adding a binder, a composition mixture, and a reducing agent to fly ash, which collects dust scattered in exhaust gas during incineration of municipal solid waste, to reduce the average particle size to 15 μm or less. The artificial bone is characterized in that it is pulverized so as to form a pulverized material, and then the obtained pulverized material is molded to obtain a molded body. The method of manufacturing the material.
粉塵を捕集した飛灰に粘結材と組成調合材と還元剤と発
泡剤とを添加して得られた混合物を平均粒径が１５μｍ
以下になるように粉砕し、次いで、得られた粉砕物を成
形して成形体を得た後、酸素濃度が５〜１２％の燃焼ガ
ス中において１０００〜１２５０℃で焼成することを特
徴とする人工骨材の製造方法。2. A mixture obtained by adding a binder, a composition mixture, a reducing agent, and a foaming agent to fly ash, which collects dust scattered in exhaust gas during incineration of municipal solid waste, has an average particle size of 15 μm
After being pulverized so as to obtain the following, and then molding the obtained pulverized product to obtain a molded product, the product is fired at 1000 to 1250 ° C. in a combustion gas having an oxygen concentration of 5 to 12%. Manufacturing method of artificial aggregate.
オリナイト、木節粘度および焼却主灰からなる群のうち
の少なくとも一種を用いることを特徴とする請求項１ま
たは２に記載の人工骨材の製造方法。3. The artificial composition according to claim 1, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of silica sand, pottery stone, feldspar, kaolinite, wood knot viscosity and incinerated main ash is used as the composition mixture. Aggregate manufacturing method.
る群のうちの少なくとも一種を用い、炭素量として１〜
１０％の添加量とすることを特徴とする請求項１または
２に記載の人工骨材の製造方法。4. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the group consisting of coal and coke is used as the reducing agent, and
The method for producing an artificial aggregate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of addition is 10%.
化鉄および炭化珪素からなる群のうちの少なくとも一種
を用いることを特徴とする請求項２記載の人工骨材の製
造方法。5. The method for producing an artificial aggregate according to claim 2, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of iron oxide and silicon carbide having an average particle size of 10 μm or less is used as a foaming agent.
で２〜１０重量％、炭化珪素は０．１〜２．５重量％の
添加量にすることを特徴とする請求項５に記載の人工骨
材の製造方法。6. The method according to claim 5, wherein iron oxide and silicon carbide are used, and iron oxide is added in an amount of 2 to 10% by weight and silicon carbide is added in an amount of 0.1 to 2.5% by weight. 3. The method for producing an artificial aggregate according to claim 1.
ロータリーキルンを用いることを特徴とする請求項１〜
６のいずれかに記載の人工骨材の製造方法。7. The molded article is a pellet, and a rotary kiln is used as a firing furnace.
7. The method for producing an artificial aggregate according to any one of 6.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3232997A JPH10226547A (en) | 1997-02-17 | 1997-02-17 | Production of artificial aggregate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3232997A JPH10226547A (en) | 1997-02-17 | 1997-02-17 | Production of artificial aggregate |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10226547A true JPH10226547A (en) | 1998-08-25 |
Family
ID=12355912
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3232997A Pending JPH10226547A (en) | 1997-02-17 | 1997-02-17 | Production of artificial aggregate |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH10226547A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002092530A1 (en) * | 2001-05-16 | 2002-11-21 | Unisearch Limited | Aggregate for concrete and construction |
| JP2005320218A (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-11-17 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Manufacturing method of cement feed material |
| JP2006160580A (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-06-22 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Method for producing artificial aggregate |
| JP2009034591A (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-19 | Mhi Environment Engineering Co Ltd | Detoxification treatment apparatus and method for ash to be treated |
| CN113372130A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-10 | 湖南国发控股有限公司 | Foamed ceramic produced by fly ash and commercial concrete mixing plant waste and preparation method thereof |
-
1997
- 1997-02-17 JP JP3232997A patent/JPH10226547A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002092530A1 (en) * | 2001-05-16 | 2002-11-21 | Unisearch Limited | Aggregate for concrete and construction |
| US6802896B2 (en) | 2001-05-16 | 2004-10-12 | Unisearch Limited | Concrete aggregate |
| AU2002252841B2 (en) * | 2001-05-16 | 2007-10-18 | Newsouth Innovations Pty Limited | Aggregate for concrete and construction |
| JP2005320218A (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-11-17 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Manufacturing method of cement feed material |
| JP2006160580A (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-06-22 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Method for producing artificial aggregate |
| JP2009034591A (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-19 | Mhi Environment Engineering Co Ltd | Detoxification treatment apparatus and method for ash to be treated |
| CN113372130A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-10 | 湖南国发控股有限公司 | Foamed ceramic produced by fly ash and commercial concrete mixing plant waste and preparation method thereof |
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