JPH10168881A - Sheet pile using support structure of earth retaining waling material - Google Patents
Sheet pile using support structure of earth retaining waling materialInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10168881A JPH10168881A JP34451096A JP34451096A JPH10168881A JP H10168881 A JPH10168881 A JP H10168881A JP 34451096 A JP34451096 A JP 34451096A JP 34451096 A JP34451096 A JP 34451096A JP H10168881 A JPH10168881 A JP H10168881A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- support
- sheet pile
- attached
- pressed
- locking member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、鉄塔構築時の基礎
工事における立坑の掘削時や、またガス管、上・下水道
管、電線・電話ケーブル等の埋設管工事に際し、掘削溝
等の立坑壁の崩落防止に使用する土留め腹起こし材の矢
板利用支持構造に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shaft for excavating a shaft such as an excavation trench when excavating a shaft in a foundation work for constructing a steel tower, or for burying pipes for gas pipes, water and sewer pipes, electric wires and telephone cables. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a support structure utilizing sheet piles of earth retaining flaring material used to prevent the collapse of landslides.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】例えば埋設管の敷設において、その多く
は通常開削工法により行われており、従来から行われて
いる代表的な工法として、例えば、管埋設深さまで掘削
した溝の両側に矢板を並べて打ち込み、腹起こし材をこ
れに沿って水平に当てがい、溝内において対向する腹起
こし材間を切梁で支持して土圧による矢板の倒れ込みを
防止しつつ、埋設管の延長方向に掘削を進行する方法が
ある。2. Description of the Related Art For example, in laying buried pipes, most of them are usually carried out by open-cutting methods. As a typical method which has been conventionally carried out, for example, sheet piles are drilled on both sides of a trench excavated to a pipe burying depth. Drilling in the extension direction of the buried pipe while placing the gusset horizontally and applying the gusset horizontally horizontally, supporting the gap between the facing gussets in the groove with cutting beams to prevent the sheet pile from falling down due to earth pressure There is a way to proceed.
【０００３】この工法の一例を図１１に示す。この工法
は、掘削溝の内壁に沿って一定間隔で相対向して矢板用
支柱２１を設け、この相対向する支柱２１の間隔を保持
するために矢板用支柱に水平に切梁２２ａを架設し、掘
削溝の同じ側の支柱間に前記切梁２２ａと同じ位置にお
いて取り付けた腹起こし材２３と、掘削溝と腹起こし材
２３との間に配列された複数の矢板２４とによって土圧
による矢板の倒れ込みを防止するようにした溝掘削工法
である。FIG. 11 shows an example of this method. In this method, sheet pile supports 21 are provided opposite to each other at regular intervals along the inner wall of the excavation groove, and a cutting beam 22a is laid horizontally on the sheet pile supports to maintain the space between the opposed supports 21. And a plurality of sheet piles 24 arranged between the pillars on the same side of the excavation groove at the same position as the cutting beam 22a and a plurality of sheet piles 24 arranged between the excavation groove and the belly elevation material 23 to form a sheet pile by earth pressure. This is a trench excavation method to prevent falling.
【０００４】このようにして埋設管を掘削溝内に敷設す
る場合は、先ず矢板用支柱２１頂部に継ぎ足し支柱２５
を取り付け、管を上段側の切梁２２ａ位置まで取り込ん
だのち、継ぎ足し支柱２５間に別の切梁２２ｃを取り付
けて、上段側の切梁２２ａの荷重をこの継ぎ足し支柱間
切梁２２ｃに預け、切梁２２ａを取り外して管を下方に
取り込む。次に上段側の切梁２２ａを所定位置に復旧し
て下段側の切梁２２ｂの荷重を上段側の切梁２２ａに預
け、然るのち下段側の切梁２２ｂを取り外して管を溝内
の所定位置に敷設する。When the buried pipe is to be laid in the excavation groove in this way, first, it is added to the top of the sheet pile support 21 to extend the support 25.
After the pipe is taken up to the position of the upper cut-off beam 22a, another cut-off beam 22c is mounted between the additional posts 25, and the load of the upper cut-off beam 22a is deposited on this additional post-post cut beam 22c. The beam 22a is removed and the tube is taken downward. Next, the upper cut beam 22a is restored to a predetermined position, and the load of the lower cut beam 22b is deposited on the upper cut beam 22a. Thereafter, the lower cut beam 22b is removed and the pipe is inserted into the groove. Lay it in place.
【０００５】上記工法で矢板２２の取り付けは、現地の
地盤強度、管の埋設深さ等の状況により、上方よりの打
ち込み矢板式、掘削した溝側より取り付ける当て矢板式
が適用され、またここで使用される支柱２１としては、
鋼矢板等を使用した矢板支柱、溝形材を使用した支柱が
用いられる。[0005] In the above-mentioned method, the sheet pile 22 is attached by a driving sheet pile method from above or a contact sheet sheet method from the excavated groove side depending on the conditions of the ground strength at the site, the burial depth of the pipe, and the like. As the pillar 21 used,
A sheet pile support using a steel sheet pile or the like and a support using a channel material are used.
【０００６】図１２に矢板利用支持構造の一例の斜視図
を示す。矢板支柱３１は、支柱として縦方向の壁面土圧
を安定して受けるのに適当な位置として、矢板３１の上
段側は掘削溝の全深さに対して肩部より１／５程度、ま
た下段側は同様に肩部より３／５程度の位置に、それぞ
れ方形の受板３２を溶接等の手段により取り付ける。FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an example of a sheet pile supporting structure. The sheet pile support 31 is a position suitable for stably receiving the earth pressure in the vertical direction as a support, and the upper side of the sheet pile 31 is about 1/5 from the shoulder to the entire depth of the excavation groove, and the lower step. Similarly, a rectangular receiving plate 32 is attached to the side at about 程度 of the shoulder by welding or other means.
【０００７】この受板３２の下半位置には水平方向に腹
起こし支持材３３を取り付け、その断面ボックス状の内
部には腹起こし材３４が挿通・固定される。なお受板３
２上には、さらに受台３５を介して切梁３６が装着され
る。この切梁３６は例えば伸縮可能な水圧または油圧ジ
ャッキで構成され、相対向する支柱間隔を一定に保持す
る。A support member 33 is attached to the lower half of the receiving plate 32 in the horizontal direction, and a support member 33 is inserted and fixed inside the box-shaped section. Receiving plate 3
A cutting beam 36 is further mounted on 2 via a receiving table 35. The cutting beam 36 is formed of, for example, an extendable hydraulic or hydraulic jack, and keeps the distance between the opposed struts constant.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで上記図１２に
示す従来の支持構造は、何れも腹起こし支持材の高さ位
置が設計掘削深さ（Ｈ）に対して、例えば１／５・Ｈ、
また下段側は同様に肩部より３／５・Ｈの位置に溶接等
の手段で事前に固定されている。However, in the conventional support structure shown in FIG. 12, the height of the support member is raised with respect to the design excavation depth (H) by, for example, 1 / 5.H.
Similarly, the lower side is previously fixed at a position 3 / 5.H from the shoulder by welding or the like.
【０００９】しかし実際の工事施工に際して、例えばこ
れを軟弱地盤等に使用する場合は、所定の腹起こし材の
位置まで掘り下げる以前の段階で腹起こし材、切梁を設
置して土留めすることが必要となり、これらに対処する
ために、腹起こし材等の位置を自在に上下できる支持構
造の開発が望まれていた。[0009] However, in actual construction work, for example, when this is used for soft ground, etc., it is necessary to set up the earth-raising material and the cutting beam at the stage before digging down to the position of the predetermined earth-raising material, and retain the earth. In order to cope with these problems, it has been desired to develop a support structure capable of freely moving the position of a belly-raising material or the like up and down.
【００１０】この課題に対して本出願人は、先に特願平
７−３２９４３２号において、図１３に示すように、腹
起こし材４３の側面に支柱４１を係止する係止部材４４
を取り付け、さらに腹起こし材４３の底面には支持台４
５を介して先端部に偏心曲面４７を形成した押圧桿４６
を回動可能に取り付ける。In order to solve this problem, the present applicant has previously disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 7-329432 a locking member 44 for locking the support column 41 on the side surface of the belly member 43 as shown in FIG.
And a support base 4 is provided on the bottom of
Pressing rod 46 having an eccentric curved surface 47 formed at the tip end through
Is mounted to be rotatable.
【００１１】そして固定に際しては、腹起こし材４３を
支柱４１に添わせて随時上下方向の定位置に移動させた
のち、前記係止部材４４を支柱の端部に係止するととも
に押圧桿４６を支柱内面に当接させ、該押圧桿を回動し
て腹起こし材４３を支柱４１に押圧固定するようにした
矢板式支保工の支持構造を提案している。At the time of fixation, after the belly-raising member 43 is moved to a fixed position in the vertical direction as needed along the column 41, the locking member 44 is locked to the end of the column, and the pressing rod 46 is pressed. A support structure of a sheet pile type supporting structure is proposed in which the abutment member 43 is pressed and fixed to the column 41 by rotating the pressing rod so as to abut against the inner surface of the column.
【００１２】だがこの構造では、押圧桿４６の押圧力に
よる摩擦力のみにて腹起こし材４３が支柱４１に支持さ
れているので、重機などによる機械振動に対して弱く、
使用中に若干の弛みがみられるという問題があった。However, in this structure, since the bulging material 43 is supported on the support column 41 only by the frictional force generated by the pressing force of the pressing rod 46, it is vulnerable to mechanical vibrations caused by heavy equipment or the like.
There was a problem that some slack was observed during use.
【００１３】本発明は上記課題を解決し、縦方向に深い
立坑や埋設管工事用の立坑溝等の掘削および土留めに際
して、腹起こし支持材の位置を自在に上下に調整し得る
とともに、強固に支柱に固定する矢板利用支持構造を提
供する。[0013] The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and when excavating and retaining a vertical shaft or a shaft groove for burying pipe construction, the position of the support member can be freely adjusted up and down. And a support structure using a sheet pile fixed to a support.
【００１４】[0014]
(1) 本発明は、立坑の内壁に沿って一定間隔で相対向
して矢板支柱を設け、切梁により相対向する間隔を一定
に保持するとともに、立坑壁に配列した矢板を水平方向
に支持する腹起こし材を取り付けて坑壁の崩落を防止す
る矢板利用支持構造において、前記腹起こし材を支持す
る腹起こし支持材の側面に矢板支柱を係止する係止部材
を取り付け、さらに腹起こし支持材の底面にはボルト受
台を介して支柱方向に推力ボルトを取り付け、前記係止
部材を矢板支柱の端部に係止するとともに推力ボルトに
て矢板支柱を押圧して、腹起こし支持材を矢板支柱に押
圧固定するように構成したことを特徴とする土留め腹起
こし材の矢板利用支持構造である。(1) According to the present invention, sheet pile supports are provided facing each other at regular intervals along the inner wall of the shaft, and the opposed gaps are kept constant by cutting beams, and the sheet piles arranged on the shaft wall are horizontally supported. In a sheet pile supporting structure for preventing a collapse of a pit wall by attaching a bulging material, a locking member for locking a sheet pile support is attached to a side surface of the flaring support material for supporting the flaring material, and Thrust bolts are attached to the bottom surface of the material via a bolt support in the direction of the pillar, the locking member is locked to the end of the sheet pile support, and the thrust bolt is pressed against the sheet pile support to raise the belly support material. This is a support structure using a sheet pile of a soil retaining belly material, which is configured to be pressed and fixed to a sheet pile support.
【００１５】本発明の矢板利用支持構造は、腹起こし支
持材の位置を自在に上下に調整し得るとともに、振動な
どに耐えうる強固な押圧力を得るために、締結ならびに
解除が容易なボルトを使用することにより従来の課題を
解決した構造である。In the support structure using sheet piles of the present invention, the bolts which can be easily fastened and released can be adjusted so that the position of the support member can be freely adjusted up and down and a strong pressing force withstanding vibration can be obtained. It is a structure that solves the conventional problem by using it.
【００１６】この腹起こし支持材は推力ボルトにより矢
板支柱に取り付けられるので、作業途中にて振動等によ
り緩むことはなく、また増し締めも容易であり、安全に
作業を行うことができる。さらには反復使用しても締め
付け押圧力は変わらないので、長期に亘り使用可能であ
り、経済的である。[0016] Since the support member is attached to the sheet pile support by a thrust bolt, it is not loosened by vibration or the like during the work, and can be easily re-tightened, so that the work can be performed safely. Furthermore, since the tightening pressure does not change even if the device is repeatedly used, it can be used for a long time and is economical.
【００１７】(2) また前記（１）項の矢板利用支持構
造において、推力ボルトの先端に円盤状の押圧片を取り
付けたものである。(2) Further, in the sheet pile supporting structure according to the above item (1), a disc-shaped pressing piece is attached to the tip of the thrust bolt.
【００１８】このように推力ボルトと腹起こし支持材の
間に円盤状の押圧片を介在させることにより、腹起こし
支持材との接触面積が広くなって安定して腹起こし支持
材を押圧固定できる。またこの押圧片の材質を適宜選択
することにより、矢板支柱との接触抵抗を大きくでき、
滑りが無くなって保持が安定するとともに、安全上も有
利である。By interposing the disc-shaped pressing piece between the thrust bolt and the support member, the contact area with the support member is increased, and the support member can be stably pressed and fixed. Also, by appropriately selecting the material of the pressing piece, the contact resistance with the sheet pile support can be increased,
Slipping is eliminated, holding is stabilized, and safety is also advantageous.
【００１９】(3) また前記（１）項の矢板利用支持構
造において、腹起こし支持材の底面中央部に取り付けた
推力ボルトの先端に円錐状の押圧片を取り付け、該押圧
片を矢板支柱の中央部に設けた縦溝に合致させて矢板支
柱を押圧し、腹起こし支持材を矢板支柱に押圧固定する
ように構成した支持構造である。(3) In the sheet pile supporting structure according to the above item (1), a cone-shaped pressing piece is attached to the tip of a thrust bolt attached to the center of the bottom surface of the belly support member, and the pressing piece is attached to the sheet pile support. This is a support structure in which a sheet pile support is pressed in accordance with a vertical groove provided in a central portion, and a belly support member is pressed and fixed to the sheet pile support.
【００２０】このように構成すれば、一本の推力ボルト
で安定して腹起こし支持材を押圧固定することができ、
構造も簡単になって組立て、分解、またメンテナンスも
容易となり、現地における手数を省くことができる。According to this structure, the support member can be stuck upright and pressed and fixed with a single thrust bolt.
The structure is simplified, assembling, disassembly, and maintenance are also facilitated, so that it is possible to save trouble on site.
【００２１】(4) また前記（１）項または（２）項の
矢板利用支持構造において、腹起こし支持材の側面に断
面Ｌ字状の係止部材を取り付け、このＬ字状係止部材に
て断面が長方形の厚みのある矢板支柱を係止するととも
に、推力ボルトにて矢板支柱を押圧して、腹起こし支持
材を矢板支柱に押圧固定するように構成した支持構造で
ある。(4) In the support structure utilizing a sheet pile as described in the above item (1) or (2), a locking member having an L-shaped cross section is attached to a side surface of the support member for raising the belly. This is a support structure configured to lock a sheet pile support having a rectangular cross section and a thickness, press the sheet pile support with a thrust bolt, and press and fix the support member against the sheet pile support.
【００２２】この構造は木矢板など比較的厚みのある矢
板に適した腹起こし支持材の取り付け要領であり、また
先端に円盤状の押圧片を取り付けた推力ボルトを使用す
ることにより、安定して矢板支柱に押圧固定することが
できる。This structure is a mounting method of a flattening support material suitable for a relatively thick sheet pile such as a wooden sheet pile, and can be stably provided by using a thrust bolt having a disk-shaped pressing piece attached to a tip thereof. It can be pressed and fixed to the sheet pile support.
【００２３】(5) さらにまた前記（１）項または
（２）項の矢板利用支持構造において、矢板支柱の両側
部近傍に断面Ｕ字形の係止部材を取り付け、該部材を腹
起こし支持材に取り付けた係止部材に係合させ、推力ボ
ルトにて矢板支柱を押圧して、腹起こし支持材を矢板支
柱に押圧固定するように構成した支持構造である。(5) Further, in the sheet pile supporting structure according to the above item (1) or (2), a locking member having a U-shaped cross section is attached near both sides of the sheet pile support, and the member is bent upside down and used as a supporting material. This is a support structure configured to engage with the attached locking member, press the sheet pile support with a thrust bolt, and press and fix the support member against the sheet pile support.
【００２４】この支持構造は、例えば鋼矢板の端部に形
成した係止部を介して、これを連続に接続して立坑壁が
構成されている場合、所定位置の鋼矢板に事前に溶接な
どによりＵ字形の係止部材を取り付けておき、腹起こし
支持材に取り付けた係止部材をこれに係合させるように
した構造であり、その作用および効果は基本的には前記
（１）項の支持構造と同様である。When the shaft is formed by continuously connecting the steel sheet piles to the steel sheet piles at predetermined ends, for example, by welding them to the end portions of the steel sheet piles, the support structure is welded to the steel sheet piles at predetermined positions in advance. In this structure, a U-shaped locking member is attached, and the locking member attached to the belly support member is engaged with the locking member. The operation and effect are basically the same as those of the above item (1). Same as the support structure.
【００２５】[0025]
【発明の実施の形態】以下本発明の土留め腹起こし材の
矢板利用支持構造の実施の形態について、図面に基づい
て説明する。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a support structure using a sheet pile of a retaining clasp according to the present invention.
【００２６】図１は本発明の基本的な支持構造を示し、
図１は実施の形態例１の側面図、図２は実施の形態例２
の側面図であり、図３は上記形態例１、２の底面図であ
る。FIG. 1 shows the basic support structure of the present invention,
1 is a side view of the first embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the first and second embodiments.
【００２７】形態例１の支持構造は、矢板支柱として鋼
矢板１を使用し、腹起こし材３を支持する腹起こし支持
材２としては断面Ｕ字形として、腹起こし材３を上方よ
り取り付け可能とした構造としており、腹起こし支持材
２の支柱側の側面には、Ｕ字形に折り曲げた鋼矢板１の
端部１ａに噛み合うように、同様にＵ字形に折り曲げた
係止部材４ａを取り付けて支持材２を鋼矢板１に係止す
る。The supporting structure according to the first embodiment uses a steel sheet pile 1 as a sheet pile support, has a U-shaped cross-section as a web-raising support member 2 for supporting the web-raising member 3, and can mount the web-raising member 3 from above. A support member 4a, also bent in a U-shape, is attached to the side surface of the support member 2 on the side of the support column so as to mesh with the end 1a of the steel sheet pile 1 bent in a U-shape. The material 2 is locked to the steel sheet pile 1.
【００２８】さらに腹起こし支持材２の底面には、ナッ
ト５ａを取り付けたボルト受台５を介して左右対称に２
本の推力ボルト６を取り付け、係止部材４ａを鋼矢板１
の端部１ａに係止するとともに、締結ハンドル６ａを回
動して推力ボルト６にて鋼矢板１を押圧し、腹起こし支
持材２を鋼矢板１に押圧固定する。なおこの推力ボルト
６を取り付ける場合、ボルト頭部６ｂが腹起こし支持材
２の垂面より内部に突出しないようにして、立坑内の作
業に考慮することが必要である。Further, the bottom surface of the support member 2 is symmetrically mounted on the bottom surface of the support member 2 through a bolt support 5 to which a nut 5a is attached.
The thrust bolts 6 are attached, and the locking member 4a is attached to the steel sheet pile 1
And the fastening handle 6a is rotated to press the steel sheet pile 1 with the thrust bolt 6, and the belly support member 2 is pressed and fixed to the steel sheet pile 1. When the thrust bolt 6 is attached, it is necessary to consider the work in the shaft while preventing the bolt head 6b from protruding from the vertical surface of the support member 2 to protrude.
【００２９】図２に示す形態例２の支持構造は、腹起こ
し支持材の断面形状を方形とした腹起こし支持材１２を
使用し、腹起こし材３を側面より挿通する構造とした以
外は支持の基本構造は形態例１に示す支持構造と同様で
ある。The support structure of the embodiment 2 shown in FIG. 2 uses a support member 12 having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of the support member 12 and a structure in which the support member 3 is inserted from the side. Is the same as the support structure shown in the first embodiment.
【００３０】図４は、形態例３として、先端に円盤状の
押圧片７ａを取り付けた推力ボルト６を示す図面であ
り、このように推力ボルトと腹起こし支持材の間に円盤
状の押圧片７ａを介在させることにより、前記のように
安定して腹起こし支持材２を押圧固定できる。またこの
押圧片７ａの材質としては、プラスチック、硬質ゴム等
を用いることにより、より支柱間との接触抵抗を大きく
でき、滑りが無くなって保持がさらに安定する。FIG. 4 is a drawing showing a thrust bolt 6 having a disc-shaped pressing piece 7a attached to the tip as a third embodiment. In this way, the disc-shaped pressing piece 7a is provided between the thrust bolt and the belly-raised support member. , The supporting member 2 can be stably pressed as described above. Further, by using a material such as plastic or hard rubber as the material of the pressing piece 7a, the contact resistance between the columns can be further increased, the slip is eliminated, and the holding is further stabilized.
【００３１】図５は実施の形態例４を示す支持構造であ
り、これは前記形態例１、２に示す支持構造において、
鋼矢板１の中央部に設けられた縦溝１ｂが腹起こし支持
材２側に向いている場合にのみ適している支持構造であ
り、腹起こし支持材２の底面中央部に取り付けた推力ボ
ルト６の先端に円錐状の押圧片７ｂを取り付け、この押
圧片を鋼矢板１の中央部に設けた縦溝１ｂに合致させて
鋼矢板１を押圧し、腹起こし支持材を矢板支柱に押圧固
定する。FIG. 5 shows a support structure according to the fourth embodiment, which is different from the support structures according to the first and second embodiments.
This is a support structure suitable only when the vertical groove 1b provided in the central portion of the steel sheet pile 1 faces the belly support member 2 side. The thrust bolt 6 attached to the center of the bottom surface of the belly support member 2 A conical pressing piece 7b is attached to the tip of the steel sheet pile, and the pressing piece is aligned with a vertical groove 1b provided in the center of the steel sheet pile 1 to press the steel sheet pile 1 to erection and press and fix the supporting material to the sheet pile support. .
【００３２】この場合円錐状の押圧片７ｂの頂角αは、
縦溝１ｂの底部角βよりも大きくしたほうが、押圧片７
ｂが縦溝１ｂに対して長い円周線で接触するので、安定
して腹起こし支持材２を押圧固定することができる。ま
たその材質も、プラスチック、硬質ゴム等を用いること
により、より支柱間との接触抵抗を大きくでき、滑りが
無くなって保持が安定する。In this case, the apex angle α of the conical pressing piece 7b is
The pressing piece 7 should be larger than the bottom angle β of the vertical groove 1b.
Since b contacts the longitudinal groove 1b with a long circumferential line, the support member 2 can be stably raised and pressed and fixed. In addition, by using plastic, hard rubber, or the like as the material thereof, the contact resistance between the columns can be further increased, and slip is eliminated, and the holding is stabilized.
【００３３】図６は実施の形態例５を示す支持構造であ
り、この構造は木矢板など比較的厚みのある矢板に適し
た腹起こし支持材の支持構造であり、腹起こし支持材２
の側面に断面Ｌ字状の係止部材４ｂを取り付け、このＬ
字状係止部材４ｂに矢板支柱としての木矢板１１を直接
係止するとともに、ボルト先端が木矢板１１に食い込ま
ないように、先端に円盤状の押圧片７ａを取り付けた推
力ボルト６を使用して木矢板１１を押圧し、腹起こし支
持材２を固定する。FIG. 6 shows a supporting structure according to a fifth embodiment. This structure is a supporting structure of a bulging support member suitable for a relatively thick sheet pile such as a wooden sheet pile.
A locking member 4b having an L-shaped cross section is attached to the side surface of
A thrust bolt 6 having a disk-shaped pressing piece 7a attached to its tip is used to directly lock the wooden sheet pile 11 as a sheet pile support to the character-shaped locking member 4b and to prevent the tip of the bolt from biting into the wooden sheet pile 11. The wooden sheet pile 11 is pressed and the belly support member 2 is fixed.
【００３４】図７は実施の形態例６を示す支持構造であ
り、この構造は前記形態例５に示すＬ字状の係止部材４
ｂを取り付けた腹起こし支持材２にて鋼矢板１を係止す
る場合を示し、図示のようにＵ字形に折り曲げた鋼矢板
１の端部１ａが地山側に向いている場合、Ｕ字形に折り
曲げた係止部材４ａでは構造が複雑になるので、本形態
例のようなＬ字状の係止部材による構造の方が簡単且つ
確実に係止できる。FIG. 7 shows a support structure according to the sixth embodiment, which is an L-shaped locking member 4 according to the fifth embodiment.
b shows a case in which the steel sheet pile 1 is locked by the belly supporting material 2 attached thereto. When the end 1a of the steel sheet pile 1 bent in a U-shape is facing the ground side as shown in FIG. Since the structure of the bent locking member 4a is complicated, the structure using the L-shaped locking member as in the present embodiment can be locked more easily and reliably.
【００３５】図８（ａ）、（ｂ）は実施の形態例７を示
し、この構造は、矢板支柱１３の両側部近傍に断面Ｕ字
形の係止部材１４ａを事前に溶接などにて取り付け、該
部材を腹起こし支持材２に取り付けた同様に断面Ｕ字形
の係止部材１４ｂに係合させ、腹起こし支持材２の下部
に取り付けた推力ボルト６にて矢板支柱１３を押圧し
て、腹起こし支持材２を固定する。FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b) show a seventh embodiment. In this structure, a locking member 14a having a U-shaped cross section is attached to the vicinity of both sides of a sheet pile support 13 in advance by welding or the like. The member is engaged with a locking member 14b having a U-shaped cross section which is attached to the support member 2 and raised, and the sheet pile support 13 is pressed by a thrust bolt 6 attached to the lower portion of the support member 2 to raise the belly. The raising support member 2 is fixed.
【００３６】この支持構造の構成は、基本的には前記形
態例１の支持構造と同様であるが、本形態例の場合、例
えば背面を地山側に向けて鋼矢板が連続に接続されて立
坑壁が構成されている場合などに適しており、所定位置
の鋼矢板に事前にＵ字形の係止部材を取り付けておけば
よい。なお（ａ）、（ｂ）図は、係止部材の係合方向が
逆向きになっている点が相異するだけであり、何れを使
用してもその効果は同じである。The structure of this support structure is basically the same as the support structure of the first embodiment, but in the case of this embodiment, for example, a steel sheet pile is continuously connected with its back face facing the ground, and a shaft is formed. It is suitable for a case where a wall is formed, for example, and a U-shaped locking member may be attached to a steel sheet pile at a predetermined position in advance. The drawings (a) and (b) differ only in that the engaging direction of the locking member is reversed, and the effect is the same regardless of which one is used.
【００３７】このように本発明の矢板利用支持構造で
は、腹起こし支持材を矢板支柱に支持するに際して推力
ボルトを使用することにより、腹起こし支持材を強固か
つ容易に矢板支柱に取り付け、また取り外しを行うこと
ができ、ボルトで締結するので衝撃、振動に対しても強
く、安全に作業を行うことができ、さらに長期に亘り使
用可能であり、経済的でもある。As described above, in the sheet pile supporting structure of the present invention, the thrust supporting member is supported on the sheet pile support by using the thrust bolt, thereby firmly and easily attaching and detaching the belly supporting member to and from the sheet pile support. , It is strong against shock and vibration, can be safely operated, can be used for a long time, and is economical.
【００３８】[0038]
【実施例】以下本発明の実施例として、土留め腹起こし
材の矢板利用支持構造を適用した埋設管敷設時の掘削例
について説明する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, as an embodiment of the present invention, an excavation example when laying a buried pipe using a sheet pile supporting structure for earth retaining flaring material will be described.
【００３９】実施例１として、図９に示す崩落の恐れの
ない比較的しっかりした地盤に、Ｌ＝３０００ｍｍの矢
板支柱を使用して、深さＤ＝２５００ｍｍの掘削溝を掘
削する施工例について説明する。As a first embodiment, a construction example of excavating a digging groove having a depth of D = 2500 mm using a sheet pile support having a length of L = 3000 mm on a relatively firm ground having no risk of collapse shown in FIG. 9 will be described. I do.
【００４０】図９（ａ）図に示すように、先ず埋設管の
敷設を行う位置に、所定幅でＧＬから約ｄ1 ＝３００ｍ
ｍ深さにて舗装などの表層９を剥がし取り、次いで鋼矢
板１をさらに約ｄ2 ＝５００ｍｍ深さに打ち込み、鋼矢
板１を自立させる。As shown in FIG. 9 (a), first, at a position where a buried pipe is to be laid, at a predetermined width, approximately d 1 = 300 m from the GL.
The surface layer 9 such as pavement is peeled off at a depth of m, and then the steel sheet pile 1 is further driven into the steel sheet pile 1 to a depth of about d 2 = 500 mm, thereby allowing the steel sheet pile 1 to stand by itself.
【００４１】引き続き（ｂ）図に示すように、鋼矢板１
を打ち込みながら並行して掘削を行い、鋼矢板１の打ち
込み深さｄ2 ＝５００ｍｍを維持しながら、鋼矢板１の
掘削レベルから約ｄ3 ＝１０００ｍｍの位置に下段側の
腹起こし支持材２ａを取り付ける。Subsequently, as shown in FIG.
The excavation is performed in parallel while driving the steel sheet pile 1, and while maintaining the driving depth d 2 = 500 mm of the steel sheet pile 1, the supporting member 2 a of the lower tier is raised at a position about d 3 = 1000 mm from the excavation level of the steel sheet pile 1. Attach.
【００４２】さらに（ｃ）図に示すように、鋼矢板１を
打ち込みながら掘削を行い、その途中で下段側の腹起こ
し支持材２ａからさらにｄ4 ＝１０００ｍｍの位置（鋼
矢板１の頂部から約ｄ5 ＝５００ｍｍ下方）に上段側の
腹起こし支持材２ｂを取り付ける。Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (c), the excavation is performed while driving the steel sheet pile 1 into the excavation, and a further d 4 = 1000 mm from the lower flank support member 2a (about from the top of the steel sheet pile 1). The upper flank support member 2b is attached to (d 5 = 500 mm below).
【００４３】次いで掘削深さが所定のＤ＝２５００ｍｍ
に達したところで掘削を完了し、打ち込み深さｄ2 ＝５
００ｍｍを維持するように鋼矢板頂部をＧＬまで打ち込
み、なお要すれば、腹起こし支持材２ａ、２ｂに切梁８
ａ、８ｂを張架して掘削を完了する。Next, when the excavation depth is a predetermined D = 2500 mm
Excavation is completed when the depth reaches 2 and the driving depth d 2 = 5
The top of the steel sheet pile is driven into the GL so as to maintain 00 mm, and if necessary, the cutting beams 8 are attached to the belly support members 2a and 2b.
Excavation is completed by stretching a and 8b.
【００４４】実施例２として、図１０に示す崩落し易い
軟弱な地盤に、Ｌ＝３０００ｍｍの矢板支柱を使用し
て、深さＤ＝２５００ｍｍの掘削溝を掘削する施工例に
ついて説明する。As a second embodiment, a construction example in which a digging groove having a depth D of 2500 mm is excavated on a soft ground which easily collapses as shown in FIG.
【００４５】図１０（ａ）図に示すように、先ず埋設管
の敷設を行う位置に、所定幅でＧＬから約ｄ1 ＝３００
ｍｍ深さにて舗装などの表層９を剥がし取り、次いで
（ｂ）図に示す鋼矢板長さ一杯の深さＬ＝Ｄ＝３０００
ｍｍまで、鋼矢板１を一気に打ち込む。As shown in FIG. 10 (a), at a position where a buried pipe is to be laid first, a predetermined width from the GL is about d 1 = 300.
The surface layer 9 such as a pavement is peeled off at a depth of mm, and then the full length L of steel sheet pile shown in FIG.
mm, the steel sheet pile 1 is driven at a stroke.
【００４６】次いで掘削を続けながら、一定深さ掘り下
げたところで鋼矢板１の頂部から約ｄ5 ＝５００ｍｍ下
方の位置に上段側の腹起こし支持材２ｂを取り付け、な
お要すれば切梁８ｂを張架する。Next, while the excavation is continued, when the digging is performed to a certain depth, the upper-side flared support member 2b is attached to a position about d 5 = 500 mm below the top of the steel sheet pile 1, and if necessary, the cutting beam 8b is stretched. Put on.
【００４７】引き続き掘削を続けて上段側の腹起こし支
持材２ｂからさらにｄ4 ＝１０００ｍｍ下方の位置に下
段側の腹起こし支持材２ａを取り付け、要すれば切梁８
ａを張架する。このようにして所定の掘削深さＤ＝２５
００ｍｍまで掘削し、鋼矢板１の打ち込み深さｄ2 ＝５
００ｍｍを維持して掘削を完了する。Continuing the excavation, the lower-stage bulging support 2a is attached at a position d 4 = 1000 mm below the upper-stage bulging support 2b.
Stretch a. Thus, the predetermined excavation depth D = 25
Excavation to 00 mm, the driving depth of steel sheet pile 1 d 2 = 5
The excavation is completed while maintaining 00 mm.
【００４８】上記実施例は、本発明の支持構造を埋設管
敷設時の立坑壁の崩落防止に適用する場合について説明
したが、本発明は、この他にも例えば深く掘削される鉄
塔等の構築時の基礎工事における立坑壁の崩落防止用と
しても適用可能であり、腹起こし支持材の位置を随時上
下に調整し得るとともに、推力ボルトにより強固に矢板
支柱に取り付けられ、また振動等により支持材が緩むこ
とはなく、作業の安全性の確保と反復使用による器材費
の節減を図り得るものである。The above embodiment has described the case where the support structure of the present invention is applied to the prevention of the collapse of the shaft wall when laying a buried pipe. However, the present invention is also applicable to the construction of a deeply excavated steel tower or the like. It can also be applied to prevent the collapse of the shaft wall in foundation work at the time, the position of the support material can be adjusted up and down as needed, and it is securely attached to the sheet pile support by thrust bolts, and the support material is vibrated etc. Is not loosened, and safety of work can be ensured and equipment cost can be reduced by repeated use.
【００４９】[0049]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明の矢板利用支
持構造は、腹起こし支持材の位置を自在に上下に調整し
得るとともに、推力ボルトにより強固に矢板支柱に押圧
固定するようにしており、従って作業途中においても衝
撃、振動等により緩むことはなく、また増し締めも容易
であり、安全かつ確実に掘削作業を行うことができる。
さらにはボルトを使用しているので、反復使用しても締
め付け押圧力は変わらず、長期に亘り使用可能であり、
従って器材費の節減を図り得る。As described above, the sheet pile supporting structure of the present invention is capable of freely adjusting the position of the upright supporting member up and down, and is firmly pressed and fixed to the sheet pile support by a thrust bolt. Therefore, even during the work, the work is not loosened due to impact, vibration, or the like, and retightening is easy, and the excavation work can be performed safely and reliably.
Furthermore, since bolts are used, the tightening pressure does not change even after repeated use, and it can be used for a long time,
Therefore, equipment costs can be reduced.
【００５０】また推力ボルトの先端に円盤状の押圧片を
介在させることにより、腹起こし支持材との接触面積が
広くなって安定して腹起こし支持材を押圧固定で、また
この押圧片の材質を適宜選択することにより、矢板支柱
との接触抵抗を大きくでき、滑りが無くなって保持が安
定するとともに、安全上も有利である。Further, by interposing a disc-shaped pressing piece at the tip of the thrust bolt, the contact area with the support member is widened and the support member is stably pressed and fixed. By appropriately selecting, the contact resistance with the sheet pile support can be increased, slippage is eliminated, holding is stabilized, and safety is also advantageous.
【００５１】推力ボルトの先端に円錐状の押圧片を取り
付け、これを矢板支柱の縦溝に合致させて腹起こし支持
材を矢板支柱に押圧固定することにより、一本の推力ボ
ルトで安定して腹起こし支持材を押圧固定することがで
き、構造も簡単になってメンテナンスも容易となり、現
地工事の省力化を図り得る。A conical pressing piece is attached to the tip of the thrust bolt, and the conical pressing piece is aligned with the vertical groove of the sheet pile support so that the supporting member is pressed and fixed to the sheet pile support, thereby stably using one thrust bolt. The belly support member can be pressed and fixed, the structure can be simplified, the maintenance can be facilitated, and the labor on site work can be saved.
【００５２】またこの構造の支持構造は、比較的厚みの
ある木矢板などにも適用可能であり、また先端に円盤状
の押圧片を取り付けた推力ボルトを使用することによ
り、安定して矢板支柱に押圧固定することができる。The support structure of this structure can be applied to a relatively thick wooden sheet pile or the like. The use of a thrust bolt having a disk-shaped pressing piece attached to the tip enables stable support of the sheet pile support. Can be fixed by pressing.
【００５３】また矢板支柱の両側部近傍に断面Ｕ字形の
係止部材を取り付けて腹起こし支持材を押圧固定する構
造とすることにより、鋼矢板により連続して構築される
立坑壁に対しても容易に腹起こし材を取り付けることが
できる。Further, by attaching a locking member having a U-shaped cross section to the vicinity of both sides of the sheet pile support so as to raise the belly and press and fix the support material, the vertical shaft wall continuously constructed of steel sheet piles can be formed. The belly-raising material can be easily attached.
【図１】本発明の実施の形態例１を示す側面図である。FIG. 1 is a side view showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の実施の形態例２を示す側面図である。FIG. 2 is a side view showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】実施の形態例１、２の底面図である。FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the first and second embodiments.
【図４】本発明の実施の形態例３の推力ボルトを示す側
面図である。FIG. 4 is a side view showing a thrust bolt according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の実施の形態例４を示す底面図である。FIG. 5 is a bottom view showing Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
【図６】本発明の実施の形態例５を示す底面図である。FIG. 6 is a bottom view showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】本発明の実施の形態例６を示す底面図である。FIG. 7 is a bottom view showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
【図８】本発明の実施の形態例７を示す底面図である。FIG. 8 is a bottom view showing a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
【図９】本発明の実施例１を示し、崩落の恐れのないし
っかりした地盤に対する施工例を示す略側断面図であ
る。FIG. 9 is a schematic side sectional view showing Example 1 of the present invention and showing an example of construction on a solid ground without a risk of collapse.
【図１０】本発明の実施例２を示し、崩落し易い軟弱な
地盤に対する施工例を示す略側断面図である。FIG. 10 is a schematic side sectional view showing Example 2 of the present invention and showing an example of construction on soft ground that easily collapses.
【図１１】従来の溝掘削工法の一例を示す斜視図であ
る。FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an example of a conventional trench excavation method.
【図１２】矢板支柱の構造例を示す斜視図である。FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a structural example of a sheet pile support.
【図１３】腹起こし材の移動を可能とした従来の矢板支
柱の構造例を示す側面図である。FIG. 13 is a side view showing an example of the structure of a conventional sheet pile support that enables movement of a belly material.
１、１３、２１、３１、４１ 矢板支柱（鋼矢板） １１ 矢板支柱（木矢板） １ａ 鋼矢板の端部 １ｂ 縦溝 ２、１２、３３ 腹起こし支持材 ３、２３、３４、４３ 腹起こし材 ４ａ、４ｂ 係止部材 ５ ボルト受台 ６ 推力ボルト ７ａ、７ｂ 押圧片 ８ａ、８ｂ、２２、３６ 切梁 ９ 地盤の表層 １４ａ、１４ｂ 係止部材 ２４ 矢板 ２５ 継ぎ足し支柱 ３２ 受板 ４４ 係止部材 ４５ 支持台 ４６ 押圧桿 ４７ 偏心曲面 1, 13, 21, 31, 41 Sheet pile support (steel sheet pile) 11 Sheet pile support (wood sheet pile) 1a End of steel sheet pile 1b Longitudinal groove 2, 12, 33 Bellow support material 3, 23, 34, 43 Bellow material 4a, 4b Locking member 5 Bolt cradle 6 Thrust bolt 7a, 7b Pressing piece 8a, 8b, 22, 36 Cut beam 9 Surface layer of ground 14a, 14b Locking member 24 Sheet pile 25 Supplementary support 32 Receiving plate 44 Locking member 45 Support base 46 Press rod 47 Eccentric curved surface
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 飯田 宣明 千葉市緑区大椎町1188−82 (72)発明者 高橋 邦良 東京都千代田区大手町２−６−３ 新日本 製鐵株式会社内 (72)発明者 石田 洋一 東京都千代田区大手町２−６−３ 新日本 製鐵株式会社内 (72)発明者 林 恒彦 東京都千代田区大手町２−６−３ 新日本 製鐵株式会社内 (72)発明者 飯村 民治 横浜市保土ヶ谷区冷泉１−21−２ ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Noriaki Iida 1188-82, Oshimachi, Midori-ku, Chiba-shi (72) Inventor Kuniyoshi Takahashi 2-6-3 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Nippon Steel Corporation ( 72) Inventor Yoichi Ishida 2-6-3 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nippon Steel Corporation (72) Inventor Tsunehiko Hayashi 2-6-3 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nippon Steel Corporation ( 72) Inventor Minji Iimura 1-2-1 Reisen, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama
Claims (5)
て矢板支柱を設け、切梁により相対向する間隔を一定に
保持するとともに、立坑壁に配列した矢板を水平方向に
支持する腹起こし材を取り付けて坑壁の崩落を防止する
矢板利用支持構造において、前記腹起こし材を支持する
腹起こし支持材の側面に矢板支柱を係止する係止部材を
取り付け、さらに腹起こし支持材の底面にはボルト受台
を介して支柱方向に推力ボルトを取り付け、前記係止部
材を矢板支柱の端部に係止するとともに推力ボルトにて
矢板支柱を押圧して、腹起こし支持材を矢板支柱に押圧
固定するように構成したことを特徴とする土留め腹起こ
し材の矢板利用支持構造。1. A sheet pile support is provided along the inner wall of a shaft at a constant interval so as to oppose each other. In a sheet pile utilizing support structure for attaching a raising material to prevent collapse of a pit wall, a locking member for locking a sheet pile support is attached to a side surface of the bending material supporting member for supporting the bending material, and A thrust bolt is attached to the bottom surface in the direction of the support via a bolt support, the locking member is locked to the end of the sheet pile support, and the thrust bolt is pressed against the sheet pile support to raise the belly support material to the sheet pile support. A support structure utilizing a sheet pile of earth retaining belly raising material, characterized in that it is configured so as to be pressed and fixed to the sheet.
り付けた請求項１記載の土留め腹起こし材の矢板利用支
持構造。2. The support structure according to claim 1, wherein a disc-shaped pressing piece is attached to the tip of the thrust bolt.
た推力ボルトの先端に円錐状の押圧片を取り付け、該押
圧片を矢板支柱の中央部に設けた縦溝に合致させて矢板
支柱を押圧し、腹起こし支持材を矢板支柱に押圧固定す
るように構成した請求項１記載の土留め腹起こし材の矢
板利用支持構造。3. A conical pressing piece is attached to the tip of a thrust bolt attached to the center of the bottom surface of the support member, and the pressing piece is aligned with a vertical groove provided in the center of the sheet pile support to form the sheet pile support. The support structure of a soil retaining belly-raising material according to claim 1, wherein the support member is pressed to fix the belly-raising support material to a sheet pile support.
止部材を取り付け、該Ｌ字状係止部材にて断面が長方形
の矢板支柱を係止するとともに推力ボルトにて矢板支柱
を押圧して、腹起こし支持材を矢板支柱に押圧固定する
ように構成した請求項１または２記載の土留め腹起こし
材の矢板利用支持構造。4. A locking member having an L-shaped cross section is attached to a side surface of the support member, and a sheet pile support having a rectangular cross section is locked by the L-shaped locking member, and the sheet pile support is fixed by a thrust bolt. The sheet pile supporting structure of a soil retaining belly raising material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the supporting member is pressed and fixed to the sheet pile support by pressing.
止部材を取り付け、該部材を腹起こし支持材に取り付け
た係止部材に係合させ、推力ボルトにて矢板支柱を押圧
して、腹起こし支持材を矢板支柱に押圧固定するように
構成した請求項１または２記載の土留め腹起こし材の矢
板利用支持構造。5. A locking member having a U-shaped cross section is attached near both sides of the sheet pile support, the member is raised and engaged with the locking member mounted on the support material, and the sheet pile support is pressed by a thrust bolt. 3. The support structure of a soil retaining belly-raising material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the support member is pressed and fixed to the sheet pile support.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34451096A JP3782180B2 (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1996-12-10 | Support structure using sheet piles for earth retaining bells |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34451096A JP3782180B2 (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1996-12-10 | Support structure using sheet piles for earth retaining bells |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10168881A true JPH10168881A (en) | 1998-06-23 |
| JP3782180B2 JP3782180B2 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
Family
ID=18369837
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34451096A Expired - Lifetime JP3782180B2 (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1996-12-10 | Support structure using sheet piles for earth retaining bells |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3782180B2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007120223A (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-17 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Metal Products Co Ltd | Sheet pile timbering structure for excavated ditch |
| JP2007146460A (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-06-14 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Metal Products Co Ltd | Sheet pile type timbering structure for excavated groove |
| CN110273425A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-24 | 余艳 | A kind of pre-buried pedestal of steel structure earthquake-resistant |
| JP6899571B1 (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-07-07 | 株式会社エステクノ | Abdominal upright correction jig and mountain retaining wall construction method |
-
1996
- 1996-12-10 JP JP34451096A patent/JP3782180B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007120223A (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-17 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Metal Products Co Ltd | Sheet pile timbering structure for excavated ditch |
| JP2007146460A (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-06-14 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Metal Products Co Ltd | Sheet pile type timbering structure for excavated groove |
| CN110273425A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-24 | 余艳 | A kind of pre-buried pedestal of steel structure earthquake-resistant |
| JP6899571B1 (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-07-07 | 株式会社エステクノ | Abdominal upright correction jig and mountain retaining wall construction method |
| JP2022096077A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-29 | 株式会社エステクノ | Waling correction jig and earth retaining wall construction method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3782180B2 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
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