JPH10163801A - Surface acoustic wave device and its production - Google Patents

Surface acoustic wave device and its production

Info

Publication number
JPH10163801A
JPH10163801A JP31455096A JP31455096A JPH10163801A JP H10163801 A JPH10163801 A JP H10163801A JP 31455096 A JP31455096 A JP 31455096A JP 31455096 A JP31455096 A JP 31455096A JP H10163801 A JPH10163801 A JP H10163801A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
surface acoustic
acoustic wave
semiconductor
wave device
piezoelectric body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP31455096A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Ritsuo Inaba
律夫 稲葉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP31455096A priority Critical patent/JPH10163801A/en
Publication of JPH10163801A publication Critical patent/JPH10163801A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Surface Acoustic Wave Elements And Circuit Networks Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To decrease the number of parts down to only one and to reduce the weight and the cost of a surface acoustic wave device with improvement of its performance by bondign the surface acoustic wave device directly to a semiconductor of silicon, etc., and forming a recess at the boundary part of ensure an effective propagation of the surface acoustic wave. SOLUTION: A connection electrode 12 of a wiring part is provided on a silicon semiconductor substrate 11, and a piezoelectric substance 21 having a surface acoustic wave generation receiving comb-line electrode 22 on its surface is provided on the electrode 12. An adhesive is applied on the interface between the substance 21 and the substrate 11, so that they are adhered together. At the same time, a recess 23 of 1μm or less is formed on the substrate 11 as a propagation part of the surface acoustic wave. When the output voltage of a driving transistor provided on the substrate 11 is applied to the electrode 22 formed on the substance 21, matching between the output impedance of the transistor and the input impedance of the electrode 22 is secured. Thus, no impedance is caused at a lead wire part against a surface acoustic wave device and accordingly the matching of impediances is facilitated.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、通信機器の信号処
理等に応用される弾性表面波素子およびその製造方法に
関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a surface acoustic wave device applied to signal processing of communication equipment and the like and a method of manufacturing the same.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】弾性表面波は、圧電体上を伝播するモー
ドの超音波で、その表面を伝播する特性を生かして伝播
する波の発生および検出がインターデジタル電極で可能
となるため、通信機器用のフィルターあるいは発信素子
として用いられている。弾性表面波は受動素子であるか
らその入力部あるいは出力部には能動素子である半導体
素子に接続される。従来、半導体素子およびそれに接続
される弾性表面波素子はそれぞれ個別の部品として設計
されてプリント基板上で接続されるのが一般的である。
その際には個別の素子の機能を保証するためにそれぞれ
パッケージングを行いプリント基板上に配線する。さら
にその接続にはインピーダマッチング回路が付加され
る。
2. Description of the Related Art A surface acoustic wave is an ultrasonic wave of a mode propagating on a piezoelectric material. The generation and detection of a wave propagating by utilizing the property of propagating on the surface can be performed by an interdigital electrode. Used as a filter or transmitting element for Since the surface acoustic wave is a passive element, its input or output is connected to a semiconductor element as an active element. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a semiconductor element and a surface acoustic wave element connected thereto are generally designed as individual components and connected on a printed circuit board.
At that time, in order to guarantee the functions of the individual elements, each is packaged and wired on a printed circuit board. Further, an impedance matching circuit is added to the connection.

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】通信機器の需要が広ま
るにつれて、その使用周波数が高くなる。その際用いら
れる素子の大きさも小さくなる。当初は数MHzから数
十MHzの使用周波数から始まったが現在ではその周波
数上限が数GHzにもなっている。周波数の増大に伴い
部品の大きさもセンチメートル(cm)程度の素子サイ
ズが現在では1ミリあるいはそれ以下の大きさに変わっ
てきた。
As the demand for communication equipment increases, the frequency used increases. The size of the element used at that time also becomes smaller. Initially, it started with a used frequency of several MHz to several tens of MHz, but the upper limit of the frequency is now several GHz. With an increase in frequency, the size of components has been changed from an element size of about a centimeter (cm) to a size of 1 mm or less at present.

【0004】個々の部品をパッケージングして、プリン
ト基板に配線することは不可能ではないが、コストの点
と、装置の小型化、部品点数の減少化の三点で従来の方
法は認められなくなってきた。
Although it is not impossible to package individual components and wire them on a printed circuit board, the conventional methods have been recognized in terms of cost, miniaturization of the device, and reduction in the number of components. Is gone.

【0005】本発明は、半導体デバイスと弾性表面波素
子を一体化することによって、今まで2個あるいはそれ
以上の部品点数を1個の部品として取り扱えるようにす
るものである。
According to the present invention, by integrating a semiconductor device and a surface acoustic wave element, two or more components can be handled as one component.

【0006】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の弾性表面波素子
は、弾性表面波を用いた機器やデバイスにおいて、弾性
表面波をシリコン等の半導体の上に直接接合して用い、
弾性表面波を有効に伝播するために境界部に窪みを設け
てその中に弾性表面波を伝播させる構成としたものであ
る。
A surface acoustic wave element according to the present invention is used in a device or device using a surface acoustic wave by directly bonding the surface acoustic wave to a semiconductor such as silicon.
In order to effectively propagate the surface acoustic wave, a depression is provided at the boundary portion and the surface acoustic wave is propagated therein.

【0007】また、弾性表面波を、圧電体と半導体との
界面に空間を設けずに直接接合して弾性表面波を発生、
検出して用いる構成としたものである。
In addition, surface acoustic waves are directly joined without providing a space at the interface between the piezoelectric body and the semiconductor to generate surface acoustic waves.
It is configured to detect and use.

【0008】また、本発明の弾性表面波素子の製造方法
は、半導体と圧電体との接合において、双方の間に機械
的な力さらには温度を加えることによって接合すること
を特徴とする。
Further, the method of manufacturing a surface acoustic wave device according to the present invention is characterized in that, in joining a semiconductor and a piezoelectric body, the semiconductor and the piezoelectric body are joined by applying a mechanical force or a temperature therebetween.

【0009】[0009]

【発明の実施の形態】本発明の基本概念は、弾性表面波
素子と半導体素子とそれぞれの機能を生かした形で一体
化して接続するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The basic concept of the present invention is to integrally connect a surface acoustic wave device and a semiconductor device in a form utilizing their respective functions.

【0010】弾性表面波は圧電体上に超音波の波を発生
させて伝播させ、その波を検出部で受けて再び電気信号
に変換して取り出すものである。その入出力部の超音波
と電気との変換部にパターン(インターデジタル電極)
を設け、その電極部に周波数特性をもたせてそれぞれの
機能をもつデバイスにする。一般的に弾性表面波は表面
を伝播するものであるから、表面を確保しなければなら
ない。
The surface acoustic wave generates and propagates an ultrasonic wave on a piezoelectric body, receives the wave at a detection unit, converts the wave again into an electric signal, and extracts the electric signal. Pattern (interdigital electrode) in the ultrasonic-electric conversion part of the input / output part
Are provided, and the electrodes are provided with frequency characteristics to provide devices having respective functions. Generally, a surface acoustic wave propagates on a surface, so that the surface must be secured.

【0011】弾性表面波の伝播部分の表面を確保するた
めに、圧電体上に窪みを設けてその窪みの中を弾性表面
波が伝播すればよい。周囲部分が土手の役目を果たすた
め、この素子を他の半導体素子に接続することが可能と
なる。
In order to secure the surface of the propagation portion of the surface acoustic wave, a depression may be provided on the piezoelectric body, and the surface acoustic wave may propagate through the depression. Since the peripheral portion plays the role of a bank, this element can be connected to another semiconductor element.

【0012】一方、半導体素子上に弾性表面波が伝播す
る部分は、窪みを設けて空間を確保することで可能であ
る。弾性表面波はその波が伝播する際の波の伝播部分の
盛り上がり下がりの絶対値は数十オングストローム以下
であるから、伝播するために必要とする空間部分も数十
オングストロームもしくは数百オングストローム以上1
ミクロン以下で十分であり、この窪みの確保は素子サイ
ズに比べて無視できる高さである。
On the other hand, the portion where the surface acoustic wave propagates on the semiconductor element can be provided by providing a recess to secure a space. Since the surface acoustic wave has an absolute value of a rise or fall of a wave propagation portion when the wave propagates of several tens angstroms or less, the space required for propagation is also several tens angstroms or several hundred angstroms or more.
A micron or less is sufficient, and the securing of this depression is negligible compared to the element size.

【0013】このように本発明は、弾性表面波を用いた
機器やデバイスにおいて、弾性表面波をシリコン等の半
導体の上に接合して用い、弾性表面波を有効に伝播する
ために境界部に窪みを設けてその中に弾性表面波を伝播
させるもので、低コスト、小型化、少ない部品点数で弾
性表面波素子を実現することができる。
As described above, according to the present invention, in a device or a device using a surface acoustic wave, the surface acoustic wave is bonded to a semiconductor such as silicon, and is used at a boundary portion in order to effectively propagate the surface acoustic wave. Since a surface acoustic wave is propagated in the recess, a surface acoustic wave element can be realized with low cost, small size, and a small number of components.

【0014】(実施例1)図1は本発明の基本構成を示
すもので、半導体としてシリコンを用いて基板上に窪み
を設けた構成例を示す。図1(a)は本発明の一実施の
形態における弾性表面波素子の構成を示す概略斜視図、
(b)は同AB線断面図である。
(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration of the present invention, and shows a configuration example in which a recess is provided on a substrate using silicon as a semiconductor. FIG. 1A is a schematic perspective view showing a configuration of a surface acoustic wave device according to an embodiment of the present invention,
(B) is a sectional view taken along the line AB.

【0015】図1において、11はシリコン等の半導
体、12は半導体上の配線部となる接続電極を示す。2
1は圧電体を示す。22は圧電体21上に設けた弾性表
面波発生受信用のくし型電極を示す。尚、半導体の大き
さは、数cm2〜数mm2のものが使用できるが、1mm2もし
くはそれ以下の大きさがより好ましい。
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 11 denotes a semiconductor such as silicon, and reference numeral 12 denotes a connection electrode serving as a wiring portion on the semiconductor. 2
Reference numeral 1 denotes a piezoelectric body. Reference numeral 22 denotes a comb-shaped electrode provided on the piezoelectric body 21 for generating and receiving surface acoustic waves. The size of the semiconductor may be several cm 2 to several mm 2 , but a size of 1 mm 2 or less is more preferable.

【0016】シリコン基板上の駆動用トランジスタの出
力電圧を圧電体上のくし型電極22に印加する。その際
トランジスタの出力インピーダンスと圧電体上のくし型
電極の入力インピーダンスは一致させる。本構成では従
来弾性表面波素子からのリード線部分のインピーダンス
が無くなることとインピーダンスマッチングが容易にな
ることが大きな特徴となる。
The output voltage of the driving transistor on the silicon substrate is applied to the interdigital electrode 22 on the piezoelectric body. At this time, the output impedance of the transistor and the input impedance of the comb-shaped electrode on the piezoelectric body are matched. The main features of this configuration are that the impedance of the lead wire portion from the conventional surface acoustic wave element is eliminated and that the impedance matching becomes easy.

【0017】図1においてシリコン基板上に窪み23を
設けてその窪みの部分を弾性表面波の伝播部とする。
尚、窪み23は半導体上に設けたが、圧電体21に設け
ても良いものであり、半導体11と圧電体23の境界部
のいずれにも設けても良い。
In FIG. 1, a depression 23 is provided on a silicon substrate, and the depression is used as a surface acoustic wave propagation portion.
Although the depression 23 is provided on the semiconductor, the depression 23 may be provided on the piezoelectric body 21, and may be provided on any boundary between the semiconductor 11 and the piezoelectric body 23.

【0018】弾性表面波は受動素子であることと、高周
波信号が素子に印加されるために電気的な劣化は殆ど生
じない。さらに用いている材料も圧電体であり不純物の
拡散等の劣化は考えなくともよい。ただ、周囲からのダ
ストの浸入、水分の浸入等による電極の酸化等を防止す
ればよい。
Since the surface acoustic wave is a passive element and a high frequency signal is applied to the element, there is almost no electrical deterioration. Further, the material used is also a piezoelectric material, and it is not necessary to consider deterioration such as diffusion of impurities. However, it is only necessary to prevent oxidation of the electrodes due to intrusion of dust and moisture from the surroundings.

【0019】封止に最も簡便な方法は、圧電体と半導体
の界面に接着材を塗布して接着する方法が有効である。
しかし接着方法は素子が小型化し、かつ、伝播部分には
接着材を塗布してはいけない等の制限が加わるために工
業的にはかなりの工夫を必要とする場合があるので、次
の金属接合による封止が有効である。
The simplest method for encapsulation is to apply an adhesive to the interface between the piezoelectric body and the semiconductor and adhere the same.
However, in the bonding method, there are cases where considerable devising is required industrially because the element is downsized and restrictions such as the fact that the adhesive must not be applied to the propagation part may be required. Is effective.

【0020】さらに他の方法として、弾性表面波素子の
電極部の周囲に素子の固定用の金属膜を入出力電極の作
成と同時に設けて、同様に半導体部の上に固定用の金属
膜を設けて、圧電体上の金属と半導体上の金属間で両者
の相互拡散させることで固定する。もちろんこの金属部
分はシールド電極として用い不要なノイズに対するガー
ド電極として用いる。
As still another method, a metal film for fixing the element is provided around the electrode part of the surface acoustic wave element at the same time when the input / output electrodes are formed, and the metal film for fixing is similarly formed on the semiconductor part. It is fixed by interdiffusion between the metal on the piezoelectric body and the metal on the semiconductor. Of course, this metal portion is used as a shield electrode and used as a guard electrode against unnecessary noise.

【0021】両者の封止用の金属の相互拡散には、加熱
あるいは加圧が有効であるが、加圧のみでも接合でき、
この場合、加熱を補助的に用いることができる。また、
加圧は、例えば数十kg/mm2程度、温度は150度
C以上が可能である。
Heat or pressure is effective for the mutual diffusion of the sealing metals, but they can be joined only by pressure.
In this case, heating can be used supplementarily. Also,
The pressure can be, for example, about several tens kg / mm 2 , and the temperature can be 150 ° C. or more.

【0022】尚、圧電体を半導体上に固定するために、
特に新たな材料を導入することをしないで、弾性表面波
素子の電極と、半導体の電極を用いて両者を固定する。
Incidentally, in order to fix the piezoelectric body on the semiconductor,
In particular, both are fixed using the electrodes of the surface acoustic wave element and the electrodes of the semiconductor without introducing a new material.

【0023】本発明の弾性表面波素子の構成において、
圧電体は,水晶、リチウムナイオベート(LiNb
3),リチウムタンタレート(LiTaO3)等の圧電
体が温度あるいは加圧の点で問題がなく使用可能であ
る。さらに半導体はシリコン、ガリウムリン、インジウ
ムリン等が同様に使用可能である。
In the configuration of the surface acoustic wave device according to the present invention,
The piezoelectric body is made of quartz, lithium niobate (LiNb).
Piezoelectric materials such as O 3 ) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ) can be used without any problem in terms of temperature or pressure. Further, as the semiconductor, silicon, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide and the like can be similarly used.

【0024】(実施例2)図2は本発明の第2の実施例
を示すもので、弾性表面波を、圧電体と半導体との界面
に空間を設けずに直接接合して弾性表面波を発生、検出
して用いることを特徴とする弾性表面波素子(広義に弾
性表面波を取り、境界面部の伝播モードを含む)であ
る。即ち、本実施例の構成は図1と構成材料は同一であ
るが、弾性表面波の伝播部分の空間をなくしたもので、
この構成では弾性表面波の伝播損失が図1よりは大きく
なるが、図1の構成同様の材料および特性が得られる。
(Embodiment 2) FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, in which surface acoustic waves are directly joined without providing a space at the interface between the piezoelectric body and the semiconductor to produce the surface acoustic waves. A surface acoustic wave element (which generates a surface acoustic wave in a broad sense and includes a propagation mode at a boundary surface) which is generated, detected, and used. That is, the configuration of this embodiment is the same as that of FIG. 1 except that the space of the surface acoustic wave propagation portion is eliminated.
In this configuration, the propagation loss of the surface acoustic wave is larger than that of FIG. 1, but the same material and characteristics as those of FIG.

【0025】図2の構成においては、大きな素子(周波
数の低い素子)では伝播損失の増大ととともに二つの材
料間の応力の問題が特性に効いてくるために使用範囲が
限られてくる。界面を弾性表面波が損失なく伝播するた
めには他の制約があり、そのひとつは基板材料を伝播す
る縦波(本構成ではシリコン)の伝播速度が圧電体の縦
波に比べて極端に早くないことが条件となる。その場合
には弾性波がシリコン基板の側から逃げて行き弾性表面
波が存在出来なくなる。本構成の材料ではそのような心
配は無い。
In the configuration shown in FIG. 2, the use range of a large element (element with a low frequency) is limited because the problem of the stress between the two materials affects the characteristics as well as the propagation loss increases. There are other restrictions for the surface acoustic wave to propagate at the interface without loss. One of the restrictions is that the propagation speed of the longitudinal wave (silicon in this configuration) propagating through the substrate material is extremely faster than that of the piezoelectric material. It is a condition that there is not. In that case, the acoustic wave escapes from the side of the silicon substrate and the surface acoustic wave cannot exist. There is no such concern in the material of this configuration.

【0026】[0026]

【発明の効果】以上のように本発明によれば、従来弾性
表面波素子と、マッチング回路、入出力素子の三つの部
分から成り立っていたものを一体化することによって、
特性の向上と軽量化とコストの低減を可能にすることが
できる。
As described above, according to the present invention, by integrating a surface acoustic wave element, a matching circuit, and an input / output element, which are conventionally composed of three parts,
It is possible to improve the characteristics, reduce the weight, and reduce the cost.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】(a)本発明の一実施の形態における弾性表面
波素子の構成を示す概略斜視図 (b)同AB線断面図
FIG. 1A is a schematic perspective view showing a configuration of a surface acoustic wave device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.

【図2】界面を伝播するモードを使用した素子構成例を
示す図
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an element configuration using a mode that propagates through an interface.

【符号の説明】 11 半導体 12 接続電極 21 圧電体 22 くし型電極 23 窪み[Description of Reference Numerals] 11 Semiconductor 12 Connection electrode 21 Piezoelectric body 22 Comb electrode 23 Depression

Claims (10)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】半導体上に圧電体と前記半導体を接して設
け、弾性表面波の伝播部分を空間的に確保するための窪
みを前記半導体と圧電体の境界部に設けたことを特徴と
する弾性表面波素子。
1. A semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric body and the semiconductor are provided in contact with each other on the semiconductor, and a recess is provided at a boundary between the semiconductor and the piezoelectric body to spatially secure a propagation portion of the surface acoustic wave. Surface acoustic wave device.
【請求項2】窪みを半導体に設けることを特徴とする請
求項1記載の弾性表面波素子。
2. The surface acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein a recess is provided in the semiconductor.
【請求項3】窪みを1ミクロン以下に取ることを特徴と
する請求項1または2記載の弾性表面波素子。
3. The surface acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein the recess is formed to a size of 1 micron or less.
【請求項4】窪みを圧電体に設けることを特徴とする請
求項1記載の弾性表面波素子。
4. The surface acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein the depression is provided in the piezoelectric body.
【請求項5】半導体と圧電体との接合において熱硬化性
の接着材料を使用することを特徴とする請求項1記載の
弾性表面波素子。
5. The surface acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein a thermosetting adhesive material is used for joining the semiconductor and the piezoelectric body.
【請求項6】半導体と圧電体との接合において、前記圧
電体上の金属部と、前記半導体上の金属部との間を金属
間の結合力を用いたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の弾
性表面波素子。
6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein in bonding the semiconductor and the piezoelectric body, a bonding force between metals is used between the metal part on the piezoelectric body and the metal part on the semiconductor. Surface acoustic wave device.
【請求項7】接合部分の金属部を、弾性表面波素子の電
気的なシールド材料として用いることを特徴とする請求
項6記載の弾性表面波素子。
7. The surface acoustic wave device according to claim 6, wherein the metal part of the joining portion is used as an electric shield material of the surface acoustic wave device.
【請求項8】弾性表面波を、圧電体と半導体との界面に
空間を設けずに直接接合して弾性表面波を発生、検出し
て用いることを特徴とする弾性表面波素子。
8. A surface acoustic wave element characterized in that surface acoustic waves are directly joined without providing a space at an interface between a piezoelectric body and a semiconductor to generate, detect and use surface acoustic waves.
【請求項9】圧電体をLiNbO3,LiTaO3または
水晶とし、半導体をシリコン、ガリウムリンまたはイン
ジウムリンとすることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいず
れかに記載の弾性表面波素子。
9. The surface acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric body is LiNbO 3 , LiTaO 3 or quartz, and the semiconductor is silicon, gallium phosphide or indium phosphide.
【請求項10】半導体と圧電体との接合において、双方
の間に機械的な力さらには温度を加えることによって接
合することを特徴とする弾性表面波素子の製造方法。
10. A method of manufacturing a surface acoustic wave device, comprising: joining a semiconductor and a piezoelectric body by applying a mechanical force or a temperature between the two.
JP31455096A 1996-11-26 1996-11-26 Surface acoustic wave device and its production Pending JPH10163801A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31455096A JPH10163801A (en) 1996-11-26 1996-11-26 Surface acoustic wave device and its production

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31455096A JPH10163801A (en) 1996-11-26 1996-11-26 Surface acoustic wave device and its production

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH10163801A true JPH10163801A (en) 1998-06-19

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP31455096A Pending JPH10163801A (en) 1996-11-26 1996-11-26 Surface acoustic wave device and its production

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Country Link
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2022507088A (en) * 2018-12-26 2022-01-18 中芯集成電路(寧波)有限公司上海分公司 Control circuit and elastic wave filter integration method and integration structure
JP2022507089A (en) * 2018-12-26 2022-01-18 中芯集成電路(寧波)有限公司上海分公司 Integrated method and integrated structure of control circuit and surface acoustic wave filter

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2022507088A (en) * 2018-12-26 2022-01-18 中芯集成電路(寧波)有限公司上海分公司 Control circuit and elastic wave filter integration method and integration structure
JP2022507089A (en) * 2018-12-26 2022-01-18 中芯集成電路(寧波)有限公司上海分公司 Integrated method and integrated structure of control circuit and surface acoustic wave filter

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