JPH10154503A - Battery pack - Google Patents
Battery packInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10154503A JPH10154503A JP8314751A JP31475196A JPH10154503A JP H10154503 A JPH10154503 A JP H10154503A JP 8314751 A JP8314751 A JP 8314751A JP 31475196 A JP31475196 A JP 31475196A JP H10154503 A JPH10154503 A JP H10154503A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- discharge
- voltage
- cells
- battery
- battery pack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は２次電池を用いたバ
ッテリーパックに関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a battery pack using a secondary battery.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来より、２次電池を用いたバッテリー
パックでは単電池を複数以上直列あるいは並列に接続し
て組電池としている。その場合、直並列に組み合わせる
電池の特性が異なると、組電池として充放電するときに
過放電あるいは過充電気味となる単電池が存在する可能
性があり、電池特性と安全性に影響をおよぼす。特に最
近実用化されたリチウムイオン電池では過充電時の安全
性を重視するため、過充電時には充電電流を遮断する機
能と過放電時に放電電流を遮断する機能を備えた保護回
路を用いるのが一般的である。その構成は特開平４−３
３１４２５号公報に開示されているように、組電池の直
列に接続される単電池の電圧を全て監視して、過充電の
設定電圧以上が検出された場合は充電電流を遮断し、過
放電の設定電圧以下が検出された場合は放電電流を遮断
する構成とするものである。過充電の設定電圧は通常の
充電電圧＋１００〜２００ｍＶ程度にする場合が多い。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a battery pack using a secondary battery, a plurality of cells are connected in series or in parallel to form an assembled battery. In this case, if the characteristics of the batteries combined in series / parallel are different, there is a possibility that there is a unit cell that tends to be overdischarged or overcharged when charged and discharged as an assembled battery, which affects battery characteristics and safety. Particularly in lithium-ion batteries that have been put into practical use recently, since the importance of safety during overcharge is emphasized, it is common to use a protection circuit that has a function to cut off the charging current at the time of overcharge and a function to cut off the discharge current at the time of overdischarge. It is a target. The configuration is disclosed in
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 31425, all voltages of cells connected in series with the assembled battery are monitored, and when a voltage equal to or higher than a set voltage for overcharge is detected, the charging current is cut off, and When a voltage lower than the set voltage is detected, the discharge current is cut off. The set voltage for overcharging is often set to the normal charging voltage + about 100 to 200 mV.
【０００３】しかしながら、上記の過充電及び過放電を
防止する保護回路を備えた場合でも、単電池特性が揃っ
ていなければ電池特性特に寿命特性に影響を及ぼす場合
がある。特にリチウムイオン電池では充電時に充電電圧
を４.１あるいは４.２±０.０５Ｖ程度に制御した定電
圧充電を行わねばならず、組電池として定格の充電電圧
に設定しても単電池特性に差があり充電電圧が高くなっ
てしまう場合には、その単電池が早期に劣化して組電池
全体の寿命特性が悪くなることが懸念される。そのた
め、組電池でバッテリーパックを構成するときには単電
池の特性をできるだけ揃えて組電池とする事が必要であ
る。その方法としては高率から低率までの充放電電流で
充放電を行い、充放電特性が揃った単電池を選別する事
が好ましい。しかしこの方法は、製造時の工数をとるた
め実際的でなく、単に放電容量を実測してその値が一定
範囲以内にある単電池を組み合わせて構成する方法が一
般的である。[0003] However, even when a protection circuit for preventing the above overcharge and overdischarge is provided, battery characteristics, particularly life characteristics, may be affected if the characteristics of the unit cells are not uniform. In particular, in the case of lithium ion batteries, constant voltage charging must be performed at a charging voltage of about 4.1 or 4.2 ± 0.05 V during charging. When there is a difference and the charging voltage becomes high, there is a concern that the single battery is deteriorated early and the life characteristics of the whole assembled battery are deteriorated. Therefore, when a battery pack is composed of assembled batteries, it is necessary to make the characteristics of the cells as uniform as possible to form an assembled battery. As the method, it is preferable to perform charging / discharging with a charging / discharging current from a high rate to a low rate, and to select cells having uniform charging / discharging characteristics. However, this method is impractical because it takes man-hours at the time of manufacturing, and is generally a method of simply measuring a discharge capacity and combining cells having a value within a certain range.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記の放電容量のみか
ら単電池を選別して組電池を構成する方法では、単電池
間の充放電特性が異なる可能性があり、過充電あるいは
過放電気味となる単電池が存在して寿命が短くなる可能
性がある。その原因は、放電容量が同一でも充放電時の
分極特性が異なる場合があるためである。分極特性が異
なる電池を直列に接続した場合には、同一電流を流して
も充放電電圧は異なる可能性があり、分極特性が異なる
電池を並列に接続した場合には同一電圧であっても充放
電電流は異なる可能性がある。従って、放電容量が同一
でも分極特性が異なれば充放電中に過放電あるいは過充
電気味となる単電池が存在し、その単電池が劣化して組
電池全体の寿命が短くなるなる可能性がある。According to the above-described method of selecting cells from only the discharge capacity to form a battery pack, the charging / discharging characteristics between the cells may be different, and overcharge or overdischarge is likely to occur. There is a possibility that the life will be shortened due to the presence of a single cell. The reason is that even when the discharge capacity is the same, the polarization characteristics at the time of charge and discharge may be different. When batteries with different polarization characteristics are connected in series, the charging / discharging voltage may be different even when the same current flows, and when batteries with different polarization characteristics are connected in parallel, the charging and discharging voltage may be the same. The discharge current can be different. Therefore, even if the discharge capacity is the same, if the polarization characteristics are different, there is a unit cell that tends to be overdischarged or overcharged during charging and discharging, and the unit cell may be deteriorated and the life of the entire assembled battery may be shortened. .
【０００５】本発明が解決しようとする課題は、高率か
ら低率まで充放電電流での充放電特性を測定せずに特性
の揃った単電池を選別する方法を与え、かつ組電池とし
て構成した場合に短寿命とならないバッテリーパックを
提供することにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for selecting single cells having uniform characteristics from a high rate to a low rate without measuring charge / discharge characteristics at a charge / discharge current, and configuring the battery as an assembled battery. An object of the present invention is to provide a battery pack that does not have a short life when the battery pack is used.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
に、本発明に係るバッテリーパックでは、ある設定電流
で設定電圧まで放電した時の放電容量と、該放電の終了
一定時間経過後の開放電圧を測定し、該放電容量と該開
放電圧が設定範囲以内にある単電池を複数以上直列及び
並列に接続して組電池とする事を特徴とする。本発明の
ッテリーパックでは、ある設定電流で設定電圧まで放電
した時の放電容量と、該放電の終了一定時間経過後の開
放電圧を測定し、該放電容量と該開放電圧が設定範囲以
内にある単電池で組電池を構成している。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in a battery pack according to the present invention, a discharge capacity when a predetermined set current is discharged to a set voltage, and an opening after a lapse of a predetermined time after the end of the discharge. The voltage is measured, and a plurality of cells having the discharge capacity and the open voltage within a set range are connected in series or in parallel to form a battery pack. In the battery pack of the present invention, the discharge capacity at the time of discharging to a set voltage at a certain set current and the open-circuit voltage after a lapse of a predetermined time after the end of the discharge are measured, and the discharge capacity and the open-circuit voltage are within a set range. A battery pack is composed of batteries.
【０００７】放電の終了一定時間経過後の開放電圧は、
電池の有する活物質のなかで実際に反応した活物質量の
割合に依存する値と考えられる。従って、この値が同一
の単電池は、電池の有する活物質量のうち実際に反応し
た活物質量の割合が同一の単電池である。又、設定電圧
まで放電した放電容量が同一の単電池は実際に反応した
活物質量が同一の単電池である。よって、放電の終了一
定時間経過後の開放電圧と設定電圧まで放電した放電容
量の両者が同一の単電池は、電池の有する活物質量が同
一でかつ実際に反応した活物質量の割合が同一とみなす
ことができる。このことは、放電容量と分極特性がほぼ
同一であると考えられる。よって、放電後の開放電圧と
放電容量がある設定範囲以内の単電池で組電池を構成と
すると、単電池間の特性差も一定値以下とする事がで
き、単電池間の特性差に起因する短寿命を防止すること
ができる。The open-circuit voltage after a lapse of a certain period of time from the end of discharge is
It is considered that the value depends on the ratio of the amount of active material actually reacted in the active material of the battery. Therefore, the cells having the same value are cells in which the ratio of the amount of active material actually reacted to the amount of active material of the battery is the same. Further, the cells having the same discharge capacity discharged to the set voltage are the cells having the same amount of active material actually reacted. Therefore, cells having the same open-circuit voltage after a lapse of a certain period of time and the discharge capacity discharged to the set voltage have the same amount of active material of the battery and the same proportion of the amount of active material actually reacted. Can be considered. This is considered that the discharge capacity and the polarization characteristics are almost the same. Therefore, when the assembled battery is composed of cells having an open voltage after discharge and a discharge capacity within a certain set range, the characteristic difference between the cells can be reduced to a certain value or less. Short life can be prevented.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明に係るバッテリーパックの
実施の形態の一例を図面を用いて説明する。用いた電池
はリチウムイオン電池１８６５０型で定格容量１４００
ｍＡｈの円筒型電池である。バッテリーパックは２並列
４直列の構成とした。。第１図にバッテリーパック内の
構成図を示す。４直列２並列の組電池１は過充電と過放
電の保護回路２に接続され、保護回路２の出力はバッテ
リーパックの＋端子と−端子に接続され、バッテリーパ
ックとしては＋端子と−端子で充放電を行うものであ
る。組電池１の各直列セルの端子は保護回路２に接続さ
れる。保護回路２は各直列セルの電圧を監視し、過放電
あるいは過充電電圧が検出された場合は保護回路内で充
放電電流を遮断して過充放電の保護動作を行う。過放電
の検出電圧は２.４±０.１Ｖ、過充電の検出電圧は４.
３５±０.０５Ｖとした。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a battery pack according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The battery used was a lithium-ion battery 18650 type with a rated capacity of 1400.
It is a mAh cylindrical battery. The battery pack had a two-parallel four-series configuration. . FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram inside the battery pack. The four series and two parallel assembled batteries 1 are connected to an overcharge and overdischarge protection circuit 2, and the output of the protection circuit 2 is connected to the + and-terminals of the battery pack. It performs charging and discharging. The terminal of each series cell of the battery pack 1 is connected to the protection circuit 2. The protection circuit 2 monitors the voltage of each series cell, and when overdischarge or overcharge voltage is detected, shuts off the charge / discharge current in the protection circuit and performs an overcharge / discharge protection operation. The overdischarge detection voltage is 2.4 ± 0.1V, and the overcharge detection voltage is 4.
35 ± 0.05V.
【０００９】組電池１として放電容量が一定範囲内の単
電池を組み合わせた場合と、放電容量と放電後の開放電
圧が一定範囲内の単電池を組み合わせた場合についてサ
イクル寿命試験を行なった。単電池の放電条件は１ＣＡ
（１４００ｍＡ）、終止電圧は２.５Ｖである。開放電
圧の測定条件は放電終了後１ｈである。放電容量の設定
範囲は１３５０±２５ｍＡｈ、開放電圧の設定条件は
２.９５±０．０５Ｖとした。A cycle life test was conducted for a combination of cells having a discharge capacity within a certain range as the battery pack 1 and a combination of cells having a discharge capacity and an open voltage after discharge within a certain range. The discharge condition of the cell is 1 CA
(1400 mA), the end voltage is 2.5V. The measurement condition of the open circuit voltage is 1 h after the end of the discharge. The discharge capacity setting range was 1350 ± 25 mAh, and the open voltage setting condition was 2.95 ± 0.05V.
【００１０】[0010]
【実施例】第２図に本発明による単電池を組み合わせて
バッテリーパックとした場合のサイクル寿命試験結果
を、第３図に従来の放電容量のみで単電池の選別して組
み合わせてバッテリーパックとした場合のサイクル寿命
試験結果を示す。放電条件は、放電電流１ＣＡ（２.８
Ａ）、終止電圧１０Ｖ（２.５Ｖ／セル）である。充電
条件は、充電電流１ＣＡ、充電電圧１６.８Ｖ（４.２Ｖ
／セル）、充電時間３.５ｈである。何れも各ｎ＝４で
行ったが、第２図に示されるように本発明によるバッテ
リーパックは５００サイクルを経過しても容量低下は少
なくｎ＝４共サイクル寿命特性は良好である。これに対
して、第３図に示されるように従来の放電容量のみの選
別によるバッテリーパックではｎ＝４中、ｎ＝１が３０
０サイクルで容量が初期の約７０％まで低下していた。
このバッテリーパックの充電特性を調べた結果、組電池
の中の１直列が充電時に最大４.２８Ｖと電圧が高くな
っており、充電電圧が高いためにこの１直列の電池が劣
化し、バッテリーパック全体としての容量が低下した事
が確認できた。FIG. 2 shows the results of a cycle life test when a single battery according to the present invention is combined to form a battery pack, and FIG. 3 shows a conventional single battery selected only by discharge capacity and combined to form a battery pack. The cycle life test result in the case is shown. The discharge condition was a discharge current of 1 CA (2.8
A), the final voltage is 10 V (2.5 V / cell). The charging conditions were a charging current of 1 CA and a charging voltage of 16.8 V (4.2 V
/ Cell) and the charging time is 3.5h. In each case, n = 4. As shown in FIG. 2, the battery pack according to the present invention has a small capacity reduction even after 500 cycles, and the n = 4 co-cycle life characteristics are good. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, in the conventional battery pack based on the selection of only the discharge capacity, among n = 4, n = 1 is 30.
At 0 cycles, the capacity was reduced to about 70% of the initial value.
As a result of examining the charging characteristics of this battery pack, the voltage of one series of the assembled batteries was as high as 4.28 V at the time of charging, and the batteries in the series deteriorated due to the high charging voltage. It was confirmed that the capacity as a whole was reduced.
【００１１】尚、本実施例では放電後１ｈ後の電圧を測
定して開放電圧としたが、この値は安定した電圧値を示
す時間が経過した時の値で良く、電池の放電終了後の電
圧変化特性に合わせて適宜時間を定めればよい。放電後
の電圧変化特性の例を図４に示す。図４に示されるよう
に放電終了後約１０分で電圧はほぼ安定しており、その
後の電圧変化は僅かであった。この例では放電終了後の
電圧測定時間を１０分としても、１０分目の電圧が同じ
電圧の単電池は開放電圧が同じとみなすことができる。In this embodiment, the voltage 1 hour after the discharge is measured to determine the open-circuit voltage. However, this value may be a value obtained when a time showing a stable voltage value has elapsed. The time may be appropriately determined according to the voltage change characteristics. FIG. 4 shows an example of the voltage change characteristics after discharge. As shown in FIG. 4, the voltage was almost stable about 10 minutes after the end of the discharge, and the voltage change thereafter was slight. In this example, even if the voltage measurement time after the end of the discharge is set to 10 minutes, the cells having the same voltage at the 10th minute can be regarded as having the same open-circuit voltage.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の効果】上述のように、本発明に係るバッテリー
パックは、単電池間の特性差に起因する短サイクル寿命
を防止できる点で優れている。又、バッテリーパック製
造時においても、単電池の充放電特性を高率から低率ま
で測定する必要がなく、従来の放電容量確認の後に一定
時間経過後の開放電圧を測定するだけで選別可能な点、
工業的価値大なるものである。As described above, the battery pack according to the present invention is excellent in that a short cycle life caused by a characteristic difference between cells can be prevented. In addition, even during the manufacture of the battery pack, it is not necessary to measure the charge / discharge characteristics of the cells from a high rate to a low rate, and it is possible to sort by simply measuring the open voltage after a certain period of time after the conventional discharge capacity check. point,
It is of great industrial value.
【図１】バッテリーパックの内部構成を示す構成図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an internal configuration of a battery pack.
【図２】本発明に係るバッテリーパックのサイクル寿命
特性を示す特性線図である。FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing cycle life characteristics of the battery pack according to the present invention.
【図３】従来のバッテリーパックのサイクル寿命特性を
示す特性線図である。FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing cycle life characteristics of a conventional battery pack.
【図４】放電後の電圧変化特性の一例を示す特性線図で
ある。FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram illustrating an example of a voltage change characteristic after discharge.
１は組電池、２は保護回路 1 is a battery pack, 2 is a protection circuit
Claims (1)
した時の放電容量と、該放電の終了一定時間以上経過後
の開放電圧を測定し、該放電容量と該開放電圧が設定範
囲以内にある単電池を複数以上接続して組電池とする事
を特徴とするバッテリーパック。1. A discharge capacity when a predetermined set current is discharged to a predetermined set voltage and an open voltage after a lapse of a predetermined time or more from the end of the discharge are measured, and the discharge capacity and the open voltage are within a set range. A battery pack characterized in that a plurality of cells are connected to form a battery pack.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31475196A JP3915151B2 (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1996-11-26 | Battery pack manufacturing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31475196A JP3915151B2 (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1996-11-26 | Battery pack manufacturing method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10154503A true JPH10154503A (en) | 1998-06-09 |
| JP3915151B2 JP3915151B2 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
Family
ID=18057153
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31475196A Expired - Fee Related JP3915151B2 (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1996-11-26 | Battery pack manufacturing method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3915151B2 (en) |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1026759A1 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2000-08-09 | Chaz G. Haba | Battery network with compounded interconnections |
| FR2832856A1 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-05-30 | Atp | Container for batteries, comprises base and lid dimensioned to suit number of batteries preferably without liquid electrolyte, interconnections and electronic means to balance currents and voltages |
| KR100397359B1 (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2003-09-13 | 주식회사 맥사이언스 | Assembly method of battery pack by sorting battery |
| SG125137A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2006-09-29 | Li-Ho Yao | Battery pack |
| CN100340016C (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2007-09-26 | 日立麦克赛尔株式会社 | Negative for non-equeous secondary cell and non-aqueous secondary cell using the same |
| CN100364145C (en) * | 2005-02-06 | 2008-01-23 | 姚立和 | Battery |
| WO2008123129A1 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-10-16 | Sanoh Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for selecting battery cell in accordance with discharge capacitance rank |
| WO2008129698A1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-30 | Panasonic Corporation | Power system and method for charging battery pack |
| JP2009016162A (en) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-01-22 | Panasonic Ev Energy Co Ltd | Battery pack and its manufacturing method |
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1996
- 1996-11-26 JP JP31475196A patent/JP3915151B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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