JPH10111170A - Method for diagnosing rotative body - Google Patents

Method for diagnosing rotative body

Info

Publication number
JPH10111170A
JPH10111170A JP26874396A JP26874396A JPH10111170A JP H10111170 A JPH10111170 A JP H10111170A JP 26874396 A JP26874396 A JP 26874396A JP 26874396 A JP26874396 A JP 26874396A JP H10111170 A JPH10111170 A JP H10111170A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
rotor
defect
phase
diagnosing
deflection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
JP26874396A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shinji Karasawa
伸二 唐澤
Seiji Maeda
聖治 前田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority to JP26874396A priority Critical patent/JPH10111170A/en
Publication of JPH10111170A publication Critical patent/JPH10111170A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rotative body diagnosis method wherein soundness of a rotor is diagnosed with ease and safety. SOLUTION: Runout change of a rotor 1 when the rotor 1 provided in a turbine is rotated at a very slow speed is measured with displacement sensors 2a-2c and a one pulse pickup 3 provided at a specified position of rotor 1. With a computer 7, a phase characteristics representing a deflection amount distribution on a specified circumference with its center as the rotor 1's rotation axis is obtained based on the runout change, in addition, the presence of defect of the rotor 1 is discriminated based on the phase characteristics.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、蒸気タービン、ガ
スタービン、圧縮機等のロータに内在するクラック等の
欠陥の有無を診断する回転体診断方法に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of diagnosing a rotating body for diagnosing a defect such as a crack existing in a rotor of a steam turbine, a gas turbine, a compressor or the like.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】一般に、蒸気タービン、ガスタービンお
よび圧縮機等は、高温・高圧の蒸気やガスを羽根車に当
てて、この羽根車を介してロータを回転させることによ
り動力を得ている。ここで、ロータは高温・高圧および
高速の下で運転されるので、材料選定を始めとする各製
造過程において厳しい品質検査が行われている。
2. Description of the Related Art Generally, steam turbines, gas turbines, compressors, and the like obtain power by applying high-temperature, high-pressure steam or gas to an impeller and rotating a rotor through the impeller. Here, since the rotor is operated under high temperature, high pressure and high speed, strict quality inspection is performed in each manufacturing process including material selection.

【0003】また、ロータは長期間使用されるうちにク
ラックや歪などの欠陥が発生することがある。このよう
な欠陥の生じたロータを運転させるとアンバランスや析
損などの重大事故につながることから、随時ロータの健
全性を診断して欠陥の有無を調べ、欠陥が存在した場合
には速やかに補修または交換することが必要となる。
[0003] In addition, the rotor may have defects such as cracks and distortions after being used for a long period of time. Operating a rotor with such a defect may lead to serious accidents such as unbalance and precipitation loss.Therefore, the health of the rotor is diagnosed at any time and the presence or absence of a defect is checked. Repair or replacement is required.

【0004】従来から知られているロータの健全性診断
方法としては、例えばタービン等の対象機械を分解して
ロータを取り出し、そのロータに対して超音波探傷試験
等の適当な非破壊検査を適用する方法や、実際にロータ
を運転させて軸振動の周波数成分を分析する方法などが
一般的である。
[0004] As a conventionally known method of diagnosing the soundness of a rotor, for example, a target machine such as a turbine is disassembled, the rotor is taken out, and an appropriate non-destructive inspection such as an ultrasonic inspection test is applied to the rotor. In general, a method of analyzing the frequency component of the shaft vibration by actually operating the rotor is used.

【0005】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来から知られている
ロータの健全性診断方法のうち、対象機械からロータを
取り出して非破壊検査を行う方法は、長い休転期間が必
要で、しかも作業工数が多いため検査自体に非常に手間
がかかるという問題がある。一方、ロータを実際に運転
させて軸振動を分析する方法は、欠陥の存在が疑われる
ロータを運転させるために作業に危険が伴うという問題
がある。本発明は、容易かつ安全にロータの健全性を診
断することができる回転体診断方法を提供することを目
的とする。
Among the conventionally known methods of diagnosing the health of a rotor, the method of taking out the rotor from a target machine and performing non-destructive inspection requires a long rest period and requires a large number of man-hours. There is a problem that the inspection itself is very troublesome due to the large number of inspections. On the other hand, the method of analyzing the shaft vibration by actually operating the rotor has a problem that the operation involves a danger because the rotor is suspected of having a defect. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for diagnosing a rotating body that can easily and safely diagnose the health of a rotor.

【0006】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
本発明は、ロータの欠陥の有無と剛性異方性の有無とが
対応することを利用して診断を行うものである。すなわ
ち、タービン内に設けられているロータを微速で回転さ
せたときのロータの振れ変化をロータの所定位置に設置
されたセンサで計測し、このセンサによって計測された
振れ変化に基づいてロータの円周上の振れ値の分布を示
す位相特性を求め、この位相特性に基づいてロータに内
在する欠陥の有無を判別する。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention makes a diagnosis by utilizing the correspondence between the presence or absence of a rotor defect and the presence or absence of rigid anisotropy. That is, a change in the runout of the rotor when the rotor provided in the turbine is rotated at a very low speed is measured by a sensor installed at a predetermined position of the rotor, and the circle of the rotor is determined based on the change in the runout measured by the sensor. A phase characteristic indicating the distribution of the fluctuation value on the circumference is obtained, and the presence or absence of a defect inherent in the rotor is determined based on the phase characteristic.

【0007】ロータに欠陥が存在しない場合、そのロー
タには剛性異方性が無く、ロータ自身の撓みによってロ
ータの軸中心を挟んで対向する部分が互いに逆方向に振
れているので、位相特性において回転軸を挟んで対向す
る部分の振れ値の和は互いに等しい値となる。
When there is no defect in the rotor, the rotor has no rigid anisotropy, and the portions opposing each other across the axis of the rotor are deflected in opposite directions by bending of the rotor itself. The sum of the runout values of the portions facing each other across the rotation axis is equal to each other.

【0008】一方、ロータに欠陥が存在する場合、その
ロータは剛性異方性を有しており、欠陥がロータの上面
にきたときは欠陥が小さくなって振れが減少し、欠陥が
ロータの下面にきたときは欠陥が大きくなって振れが増
大することにより、ロータの微速回転に伴ってロータの
撓みが変化するため、位相特性において回転軸を挟んで
対向する部分の振れ値の和は互いに異った値となる。
On the other hand, when a defect is present in the rotor, the rotor has rigid anisotropy. When the defect comes to the upper surface of the rotor, the defect becomes smaller and the deflection decreases, and the defect becomes lower. In this case, since the defect becomes large and the deflection increases, the deflection of the rotor changes with the rotation of the rotor at a very low speed. Therefore, in the phase characteristics, the sum of the deflection values of the portions facing each other across the rotation axis differs from each other. Value.

【0009】従って、位相特性を分析することによりロ
ータの剛性異方性の有無を知ることができ、ロータにお
ける欠陥の有無を判別することが可能となる。このよう
に、ロータを微速回転させたときの撓みの違いを利用し
て欠陥の有無を判別しているので、容易かつ安全にロー
タの健全性を診断することができる。
Therefore, by analyzing the phase characteristic, it is possible to know whether or not the rotor has rigid anisotropy, and it is possible to determine whether or not there is a defect in the rotor. As described above, the presence / absence of a defect is determined by using the difference in deflection when the rotor is rotated at a low speed, so that the health of the rotor can be easily and safely diagnosed.

【0010】[0010]

【発明の実施の形態】図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係
る回転体診断方法を説明するための図である。このシス
テムは、ロータ1に内在するクラック、歪などの欠陥の
有無を診断するものであり、センサ1の振れの変位を計
測する変位センサ2a〜2c、センサ1の振れの速度
(周期)を計測するワンパルスピックアップ3、分析の
ための前処理を行うプリアンプ4、変換器5およびA/
D変換器6、計測データを分析して欠陥の有無を診断す
るコンピュータ7および操作器8から成り立っている。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a rotating body diagnostic method according to one embodiment of the present invention. This system diagnoses the presence or absence of defects such as cracks and distortions existing in the rotor 1, displacement sensors 2a to 2c for measuring the displacement of the vibration of the sensor 1, and measuring the speed (period) of the vibration of the sensor 1. One-pulse pickup 3, preamplifier 4 for performing preprocessing for analysis, converter 5, and A / P
It comprises a D converter 6, a computer 7 for analyzing measurement data and diagnosing the presence or absence of a defect, and an operating device 8.

【0011】このシステムでロータ1を診断する場合、
タービン内に設置された状態のロータ1の要所に複数の
変位センサ2a〜2cを取り付け、これら変位センサ2
a〜2cを取り付けたロータ1の要所のうちの一箇所に
ワンパルスピックアップ3をさらに取り付ける。
When diagnosing the rotor 1 with this system,
A plurality of displacement sensors 2a to 2c are attached to key points of the rotor 1 installed in the turbine,
The one-pulse pickup 3 is further attached to one of the important points of the rotor 1 to which the a to 2c are attached.

【0012】次に、ロータ1を微速で数回転させなが
ら、変位センサ2a〜2cおよびワンパルスピックアッ
プ3で回転するロータ1の振れの変位および速度(以
下、振れ変化と称する)を計測する。
Next, while rotating the rotor 1 several times at a very low speed, the displacement and speed (hereinafter referred to as a change in the deflection) of the deflection of the rotor 1 rotated by the displacement sensors 2a to 2c and the one-pulse pickup 3 are measured.

【0013】これら変位センサ2a〜2cおよびワンパ
ルスピックアップ3で計測された振れ変化を示すデータ
は、それぞれプリアンプ4で適当に増幅され、変換器5
で例えばA/D変換器6の入力ダイナミックレンジに収
まるように信号変換を受けた後、A/D変換器6でアナ
ログ信号からディジタル信号へと変換されてコンピュー
タ7に出力される。
The data indicating the fluctuations measured by the displacement sensors 2a to 2c and the one-pulse pickup 3 are appropriately amplified by a preamplifier 4,
After being subjected to signal conversion so as to fall within, for example, the input dynamic range of the A / D converter 6, the A / D converter 6 converts the analog signal into a digital signal and outputs the digital signal to the computer 7.

【0014】コンピュータ7は、操作部8によって操作
されており、A/D変換器6から出力される振れ変化を
示すデータに基づいてロータ1の円周上の振れ値(振れ
の大きさ)の分布を示す位相特性を求め、この位相特性
に基づいてロータ1における欠陥の有無を判別して、こ
れら位相特性および判別結果をそれぞれ表示する。以
下、欠陥の有無による位相特性の違いについて詳細に説
明する。
The computer 7 is operated by the operation unit 8 and calculates a swing value (magnitude of a shake) on the circumference of the rotor 1 based on data indicating a change in the shake output from the A / D converter 6. The phase characteristic indicating the distribution is obtained, the presence or absence of a defect in the rotor 1 is determined based on the phase characteristic, and the phase characteristic and the determination result are displayed. Hereinafter, differences in phase characteristics depending on the presence or absence of a defect will be described in detail.

【0015】図2は、ロータ1に欠陥が存在しないとき
の位相特性の例を示しており、(a)は各位相における
振れ値を表し、(b)は各位相の振れ値の関係を表して
いる。
FIGS. 2A and 2B show examples of phase characteristics when there is no defect in the rotor 1. FIG. 2A shows the swing value in each phase, and FIG. 2B shows the relationship between the shake values in each phase. ing.

【0016】この場合、欠陥が存在しないロータ1はロ
ータ1自身の撓み(曲がり)によって振れが生じている
ため、(a)に示されるように各位相a〜hの振れ値は
振れの状態に応じてそれぞれ異なった値になる。しか
し、欠陥の内在しないロータ1は円周方向の剛性異方性
が無く、撓みによる振れの場合には撓み量が変化せずに
ロータ1の軸中心を挟んで対向する部分が互いに逆方向
に振れているだけであるため、(b)に示されるように
軸中心を挟んで対向する位相の振れ値の和はそれぞれ同
じ値になる。なお、対向する位相とは位相aと位相e、
位相bと位相f、位相cと位相gおよび位相dと位相h
である。
In this case, since the rotor 1 having no defect has a run-out due to the bending (bending) of the rotor 1 itself, the run-out values of the respective phases a to h are in a run-out state as shown in FIG. The values are different depending on the situation. However, the rotor 1 having no defects has no circumferential rigid anisotropy, and in the case of deflection due to deflection, the amount of deflection does not change and the opposing portions across the axis of the rotor 1 are opposite to each other. As shown in (b), the sum of the shake values of the phases opposite to each other with the axis center interposed therebetween is the same value because of only the shake. Note that the opposing phases are a phase a and a phase e,
Phase b and phase f, phase c and phase g, phase d and phase h
It is.

【0017】一方、図3はロータ1にクラックが存在し
たときの位相特性の例を示している。図2と同様に、
(a)は各位相における振れ値を表しており、(b)は
各位相の振れ値の関係を表している。
FIG. 3 shows an example of the phase characteristics when a crack exists in the rotor 1. As in FIG.
(A) shows the shake value in each phase, and (b) shows the relationship between the shake values in each phase.

【0018】この場合、クラックが存在するロータ1は
円周方向に剛性異方性を有するため、ロータ1自身の撓
みによる振れに加えてクラックによる振れが生じる。具
体的には、クラックがロータ1の下面、すなわち下方位
相にきたときはクラックが開いて振れが大きくなり、逆
にロータ1の上面、すなわち上方位相にきたときはクラ
ックが圧縮されて振れが小さくなるため、ロータ1の回
転に伴って見かけの撓み量が変化する。従って、(b)
に示されるように軸中心を挟んで対向する位相の振れ値
の和はそれぞれ異なった値となる。
In this case, since the rotor 1 having the cracks has rigid anisotropy in the circumferential direction, in addition to the deflection caused by the deflection of the rotor 1 itself, the cracks cause the deflection. Specifically, when the crack comes to the lower surface of the rotor 1, that is, the lower phase, the crack is opened and the vibration becomes large, and conversely, when the crack comes to the upper surface of the rotor 1, that is, the upper phase, the crack is compressed and the vibration becomes small. Therefore, the apparent bending amount changes with the rotation of the rotor 1. Therefore, (b)
As shown in (1), the sum of the swing values of the phases facing each other across the axis center is different.

【0019】このように、本実施形態の回転体診断方法
では、ロータ1を微速回転させながら、ロータ1に取り
付けられた変位センサ2a〜2c、ワンパルスピックア
ップ3によってロータ1の振れ変化を計測し、この振れ
変化を分析して得られるロータ1の位相特性に基づいて
欠陥の有無を判断している。すなわち、ロータ1を微速
回転させたときの剛性異方性の有無に対応する撓みの相
違を利用して欠陥の有無を判定しているので、従来のよ
うに対象機械からロータを取り出して非破壊検査法を行
う方法や、実際にロータを運転させて軸振動を分析する
方法とは異なり、容易かつ安全にロータの健全性を診断
することができる。
As described above, in the method for diagnosing a rotating body according to the present embodiment, while rotating the rotor 1 at a very low speed, the displacement change of the rotor 1 is measured by the displacement sensors 2a to 2c and the one-pulse pickup 3 attached to the rotor 1. The presence / absence of a defect is determined based on the phase characteristics of the rotor 1 obtained by analyzing the fluctuation. That is, since the presence or absence of a defect is determined by using the difference in bending corresponding to the presence or absence of rigid anisotropy when the rotor 1 is rotated at a low speed, the rotor is taken out of the target machine and non-destructive as in the related art. Unlike the method of performing the inspection method or the method of actually operating the rotor and analyzing the shaft vibration, the health of the rotor can be easily and safely diagnosed.

【0020】[0020]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明によれば、ロ
ータを微速回転させたときの撓みの違いを利用して欠陥
の有無を判別しているので、容易かつ安全にロータの健
全性を診断することができる。
As described above, according to the present invention, the presence / absence of a defect is determined by utilizing the difference in deflection when the rotor is rotated at a low speed, so that the soundness of the rotor can be easily and safely determined. Can be diagnosed.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の一実施形態に係る回転体診断方法を説
明するための図
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a rotating body diagnosis method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】同実施形態において欠陥が存在しないときの位
相特性の例
FIG. 2 shows an example of a phase characteristic when no defect exists in the embodiment.

【図3】同実施形態において欠陥が存在したときの位相
特性の例
FIG. 3 is an example of a phase characteristic when a defect exists in the embodiment.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1…ロータ 2a〜2c…変位センサ 3…ワンパルスピックアップ 4…プリアンプ 5…変換器 6…A/D変換器 7…コンピュータ 8…操作器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Rotor 2a-2c ... Displacement sensor 3 ... One pulse pickup 4 ... Preamplifier 5 ... Converter 6 ... A / D converter 7 ... Computer 8 ... Operating device

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】タービン内に設けられているロータを微速
で回転させたときの該ロータの振れ変化を該ロータの所
定位置に設置されたセンサで計測し、 前記センサによって計測された前記振れ変化に基づいて
前記ロータの円周上の振れ値の分布を示す位相特性を求
め、 前記位相特性に基づいて前記ロータに内在する欠陥の有
無を判別することを特徴とする回転体診断方法。
1. A change in run-out of a rotor provided in a turbine when the rotor is rotated at a very low speed is measured by a sensor installed at a predetermined position of the rotor, and the run-out change measured by the sensor is measured. A phase characteristic indicating a distribution of runout values on the circumference of the rotor based on the phase characteristic, and determining whether there is a defect inherent in the rotor based on the phase characteristic.
JP26874396A 1996-10-09 1996-10-09 Method for diagnosing rotative body Withdrawn JPH10111170A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP26874396A JPH10111170A (en) 1996-10-09 1996-10-09 Method for diagnosing rotative body

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP26874396A JPH10111170A (en) 1996-10-09 1996-10-09 Method for diagnosing rotative body

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH10111170A true JPH10111170A (en) 1998-04-28

Family

ID=17462731

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP26874396A Withdrawn JPH10111170A (en) 1996-10-09 1996-10-09 Method for diagnosing rotative body

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH10111170A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011247814A (en) * 2010-05-28 2011-12-08 Ihi Corp Damage diagnostic method for rotating body and damage diagnostic device for rotating body

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011247814A (en) * 2010-05-28 2011-12-08 Ihi Corp Damage diagnostic method for rotating body and damage diagnostic device for rotating body

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