JPH0938037A - Eyeball movement counter type effective visual field measuring apparatus - Google Patents
Eyeball movement counter type effective visual field measuring apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0938037A JPH0938037A JP7191538A JP19153895A JPH0938037A JP H0938037 A JPH0938037 A JP H0938037A JP 7191538 A JP7191538 A JP 7191538A JP 19153895 A JP19153895 A JP 19153895A JP H0938037 A JPH0938037 A JP H0938037A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- visual field
- eye movement
- eyeball
- supplied
- eyeball motion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、様々な刺激事態に
ついて異なる視覚刺激を検出することができる有効視野
範囲を、視覚刺激が検出されるまでの高速眼球運動回数
を計数することによって計測する眼球運動回数計数型の
有効視野計測装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention measures an effective visual field range capable of detecting different visual stimuli in various stimulus situations by counting the number of high-speed eye movements until the visual stimulus is detected. The present invention relates to a motion counting type effective visual field measuring device.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、視野に関する計測装置としては、
ゴールドマン視野計等の各種静的視野計測装置がある
が、様々な刺激事態での有効視野範囲を検出するにあた
って、利用できる刺激種類には限界があり、さらに、被
験者の眼球運動を制限しているので、有効視野範囲を正
確に評価することが困難である。他方、視覚刺激を短時
間提示して、その視覚刺激の検出視野範囲を求める従来
の計測方法では、刺激提示時間と有効視野範囲との間に
依存関係があることから、１つの有効視野範囲を特定す
ることが困難である。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a measuring device for a visual field,
There are various static visual field measuring devices such as Goldman perimeter, but there are limits to the types of stimuli that can be used to detect the effective visual field range in various stimulus situations. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately evaluate the effective visual field range. On the other hand, in the conventional measurement method in which the visual stimulus is presented for a short time and the detection visual field range of the visual stimulus is obtained, there is a dependency between the stimulus presentation time and the effective visual field range. Difficult to identify.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】そこで、本発明の目的
は、上記のような問題の解決を図り、眼球運動を制限す
ることなく、様々な種類の視覚刺激を扱うことができ、
しかも刺激提示時間に依存しない単一の有効視野範囲を
計測できる有効視野計測装置を提供することにある。本
発明装置は、機械操作パネル配置やコンピュータ画面の
設計等のインターフェース構築場面で活用できるほか、
人間の有効視野特性の基礎的、あるいは臨床的な場面で
活用できる。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and handle various kinds of visual stimuli without limiting eye movement.
Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide an effective visual field measuring device capable of measuring a single effective visual field range that does not depend on stimulus presentation time. The device of the present invention can be utilized in an interface construction scene such as machine operation panel layout and computer screen design,
It can be used in basic or clinical situations of human effective visual field characteristics.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、本発明の眼球運動回数計数型有効視野計測装置で
は、様々な視覚作業場面での高速眼球運動回数を計数す
ることによって有効視野範囲を計測することを実現して
いる。すなわち、視野内で検出すべき目標刺激が発見し
にくいほど高速眼球運動の回数は多くなる。高速眼球運
動が１回以下で目標が検出できる場合には、眼球運動が
生起する以前に目標刺激が検出されていたことを示すの
で高速眼球運動回数の計数は有効視野範囲を決定するう
えで重要な指標となる。In order to achieve the above object, in the effective visual field measuring apparatus for counting the number of eye movements of the present invention, the effective visual field range is obtained by counting the number of high-speed eye movements in various visual work situations. Has been realized. That is, the number of high-speed eye movements increases as the target stimulus to be detected in the visual field is hard to find. If the target can be detected with less than one high-speed eye movement, it means that the target stimulus was detected before the eye movement occurred, so counting the number of high-speed eye movements is important for determining the effective visual field range. It will be an index.
【０００５】本発明装置は、このような考察に基づいて
発明されたものであって、高速眼球運動回数の計数を行
うものである。The device of the present invention was invented based on the above consideration, and counts the number of high-speed eye movements.
【０００６】すなわち、本発明は、視野の種々の位置に
視覚刺激を提示できる視覚刺激提示装置と、その刺激提
示と同期した制御信号を出力する手段と、眼球の水平方
向および垂直方向の眼球運動を個別に導出するための２
対の眼球運動導出電極と、前記２対の眼球運動導出電極
の各対から、水平方向および垂直方向の眼位変化分のみ
を計測する眼球運動計測装置と、その計測出力を供給さ
れ、眼球運動のうちの高速眼球運動成分のみを検出する
手段と、その検出出力および前記制御信号を供給され、
刺激提示と同期した状態で高速眼球運動の回数を算出す
る手段とを具備し、視野位置別の高速眼球運動回数を計
測することによって、種々の視覚刺激に対する有効視野
範囲を計測するようにしたことを特徴とする。That is, the present invention provides a visual stimulus presentation device capable of presenting visual stimuli at various positions in the visual field, a means for outputting a control signal synchronized with the stimulus presentation, and horizontal and vertical eye movements of the eyeball. 2 for deriving each
An eye movement measuring device that measures only the eye position change in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction from each pair of the eye movement deriving electrode and the two pairs of eye movement deriving electrodes, and the measurement output thereof are supplied, and the eye movement is supplied. Means for detecting only the high-speed eye movement component of the, and the detection output and the control signal are supplied,
A means for calculating the number of high-speed eye movements in a state synchronized with stimulus presentation, and measuring the number of high-speed eye movements for each visual field position to measure the effective visual field range for various visual stimuli. Is characterized by.
【０００７】上記構成の眼球運動計数型有効視野計測装
置を使用するにあたっては、眼球運動導出電極を、たと
えば、左右こめかみ部、および右眼上下部に装着し、視
覚刺激提示装置によって視野の様々な位置に目標刺激を
提示し、それら各位置での高速眼球運動回数を計数す
る。人間は目標刺激を検出するために、目標刺激が検出
できるまで高速眼球運動と停留眼球運動を繰り返す。高
速眼球運動が１回以下で目標刺激が検出される場合は、
眼球運動開始以前に目標刺激が検出できていたことを示
す。高速眼球運動が１回以下で検出できる目標刺激位置
を求めることによって有効視野範囲を計測することがで
きる。In using the eye movement counting type effective visual field measuring device having the above-described structure, the eye movement deriving electrodes are attached to, for example, the left and right temples and the upper and lower portions of the right eye, and various visual fields are provided by the visual stimulation presentation device. The target stimulus is presented at the position, and the number of high-speed eye movements at each position is counted. In order to detect the target stimulus, the human repeats high-speed eye movement and stationary eye movement until the target stimulus is detected. If the target stimulus is detected with less than one fast eye movement,
We show that the target stimulus could be detected before the start of eye movement. The effective visual field range can be measured by obtaining a target stimulation position that can be detected by high-speed eye movements once or less.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、図面を参照して本発明の実
施の形態を詳細に説明する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
【０００９】図１は本発明にかかわる眼球運動回数計数
型の有効視野計測装置の実施の一形態例を示している。
この眼球運動回数計数型の有効視野計測装置は、被験者
１０に対して、その視野の様々な位置に視覚刺激を提示
する視覚刺激提示装置、たとえばコンピュータ１１にプ
ログラムされた刺激を与えるディスプレイ１と、被験者
１０の眼球１０ａ，１０ｂの水平方向の運動を導出する
ために眼球１０ａ，１０ｂを結ぶ水平方向延長線上にお
いて眼球１０ａ，１０ｂの各外部、すなわち、左右こめ
かみ部に配置された１対の眼球運動導出電極２ａ，２ｂ
と、眼球１０ａ，１０ｂの垂直方向の運動を導出するた
めに一方の眼球、たとえば１０ａの上下に配置された１
対の眼球運動導出電極２ｃ，２ｄとを備えている。水平
方向眼球運動導出電極２ａ，２ｂを、水平方向の眼位の
変化分を電位差として測定する眼球運動計測装置３ａに
接続する。垂直方向眼球運動導出電極２ｃ，２ｄを、垂
直方向の眼位、つまり眼の位置の電位変化分を電位差と
して測定する眼球運動計測装置３ｂに接続する。これら
眼球運動計測装置３ａ，３ｂの各出力ｈ，ｖを微分回路
４に供給し、さらにその出力をしきい値回路５に供給す
ることによって眼球運動のうちの高速眼球運動成分のみ
を検出する。FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment of an effective visual field measuring device of the eye movement counting type according to the present invention.
This eye movement frequency counting type effective visual field measuring device is a visual stimulus presenting device that presents visual stimulus to a subject 10 at various positions in its visual field, for example, a display 1 that gives a stimulus programmed to a computer 11. A pair of eye movements arranged outside each of the eyeballs 10a and 10b, that is, on the left and right temples on a horizontal extension line connecting the eyeballs 10a and 10b to derive the horizontal movements of the eyeballs 10a and 10b of the subject 10. Lead-out electrodes 2a, 2b
And 1 arranged above and below one eyeball, for example, 10a, in order to derive the vertical movement of the eyeballs 10a and 10b.
It is provided with a pair of eye movement deriving electrodes 2c and 2d. The horizontal eye movement deriving electrodes 2a and 2b are connected to an eye movement measuring device 3a that measures a change in horizontal eye position as a potential difference. The vertical direction eye movement deriving electrodes 2c and 2d are connected to an eye movement measuring device 3b which measures a vertical eye position, that is, a potential change amount of the eye position as a potential difference. The respective outputs h and v of the eye movement measuring devices 3a and 3b are supplied to the differentiating circuit 4, and further the outputs thereof are supplied to the threshold circuit 5, so that only the high-speed eye movement component of the eye movement is detected.
【００１０】ここで、微分回路４およびしきい値回路５
の具体例を図２に示す。微分回路４は両入力ｈとｖに対
して斜方成分√（ｈ2 ＋ｖ2 ）を演算する演算器４１、
信号ｈ，√（ｈ2 ＋ｖ2 ）およびｖをそれぞれ微分する
微分器４２，４３および４４を有する。微分回路４で
は、図３の（Ａ），（Ｂ）に示すような入力信号ｈ，ｖ
に対して、図３の（Ｃ），（Ｄ），（Ｅ）に示すような
微分出力が得られる。これら微分器４２，４３，４４か
らの各出力を、それぞれ、しきい値回路５の絶対値回路
５１，５２，５３に供給して、図３の（Ｃ），（Ｅ）に
点線で示すように負パルスを反転させて絶対値出力を得
る。このようにしてそれぞれ得られた絶対値出力をオア
回路５４に供給し、図３の（Ｆ）に示すようなオア出力
を得る。このオア出力を比較器５５に供給し、ここでし
きい値Ｔｈと比較し、しきい値Ｔｈを越える信号部分の
みを、高速眼球運動成分として出力する。Here, the differentiating circuit 4 and the threshold circuit 5
A specific example of the above is shown in FIG. The differentiating circuit 4 calculates the orthorhombic component √ (h 2 + v 2 ) with respect to both inputs h and v.
It has differentiators 42, 43 and 44 for differentiating the signals h, √ (h 2 + v 2 ) and v, respectively. In the differentiating circuit 4, the input signals h and v as shown in (A) and (B) of FIG.
On the other hand, differential outputs as shown in (C), (D) and (E) of FIG. 3 are obtained. The respective outputs from the differentiators 42, 43 and 44 are supplied to the absolute value circuits 51, 52 and 53 of the threshold circuit 5, respectively, as shown by dotted lines in (C) and (E) of FIG. Invert the negative pulse to obtain the absolute value output. The absolute value output thus obtained is supplied to the OR circuit 54 to obtain the OR output as shown in FIG. This OR output is supplied to the comparator 55, where it is compared with the threshold Th, and only the signal portion exceeding the threshold Th is output as the high-speed eye movement component.
【００１１】さらにその比較出力を比較・計数回路６に
供給する。この回路６には、視覚刺激がディスプレイ１
上に現出されているか否かを示す制御信号、つまり刺激
提示開始と同期した制御信号をコンピュータ１１から供
給する。この信号の現われている間のみ、上述した高速
眼球運動成分出力の個数を計数する。これによって刺激
提示と同期した高速眼球運動の回数を算出し、視野位置
別の高速眼球運動回数を計測することができる。Further, the comparison output is supplied to the comparison / counter circuit 6. In this circuit 6, the visual stimulus is displayed on the display 1.
The computer 11 supplies a control signal indicating whether or not it is displayed above, that is, a control signal synchronized with the start of stimulus presentation. Only while this signal appears, the number of high-speed eye movement component outputs described above is counted. As a result, the number of high-speed eye movements synchronized with the stimulus presentation can be calculated, and the number of high-speed eye movements for each visual field position can be measured.
【００１２】このようにして、ノイズ中の目標刺激の検
出に要する高速眼球運動回数を計測した出力を得、その
出力と、コンピュータ１１から得た視野位置を示す信号
とを演算処理回路１２に供給して、各視野位置毎に高速
眼球運動回数を計数した結果を得る。In this way, an output obtained by measuring the number of high-speed eye movements required to detect the target stimulus in the noise is obtained, and the output and the signal indicating the visual field position obtained from the computer 11 are supplied to the arithmetic processing circuit 12. Then, the result of counting the number of high-speed eye movements for each visual field position is obtained.
【００１３】演算処理回路１２における処理について述
べる。有効視野範囲は、目標刺激が視野中心位置から、
たとえば、上下２方向、左右２方向、および斜め４方向
の計８方向の軸上で任意所望の数（ｎ）の計測点につい
て任意所望の繰り返し回数分（ｒ）提示することで求め
る。The processing in the arithmetic processing circuit 12 will be described. In the effective visual field range, the target stimulus is from the visual field center position,
For example, it is determined by presenting an arbitrary desired number of times (r) of the arbitrary desired number (n) of measurement points on a total of eight directions, that is, two vertical directions, two horizontal directions, and four diagonal directions.
【００１４】そのために、演算処理回路１２では、各計
測点について１回ずつ、つまり合計で８ｎ回の計測が終
了した時点で、各視野方向軸上で中心に近い位置から順
に高速眼球運動回数を調べ、１回以下の眼球運動回数が
２回以上に転じる視野位置とその直前の視野位置との中
間点をその軸上での有効視野位置とすることにより有効
視野範囲を求める。繰り返しがある場合には、８ｎ回ご
とに得られる繰り返し回数ｒに対するｒ個の有効視野位
置を各軸ごとに算術平均することによって最終的な有効
視野位置を得る。演算処理回路１２において、このよう
にして８軸について得られた有効視野位置を隣接する軸
ごとにつなぐことによって、以下に図４にハッチングを
付して示すような有効視野範囲が得られる。For this reason, in the arithmetic processing circuit 12, the number of high-speed eye movements is calculated in order from the position close to the center on each visual axis in each visual field direction at the time when the measurement is completed once for each measurement point, that is, when a total of 8n times have been completed. The effective visual field range is obtained by setting the midpoint between the visual field position at which the number of eye movements of one or less turns twice or more and the visual field position immediately before that as the effective visual field position on the axis. When there is repetition, the final effective visual field position is obtained by arithmetically averaging r effective visual field positions for each repetition number r obtained every 8n times for each axis. In the arithmetic processing circuit 12, the effective visual field positions thus obtained for the eight axes are connected to each adjacent axis to obtain an effective visual field range as shown by hatching in FIG.
【００１５】以上のようにして、演算処理回路１２にお
いて、高速眼球運動回数が１回以下で目標刺激が検出で
きる有効視野範囲を視野位置上で求めることができる。
その計算結果をプリンタなどの出力装置７に供給して、
図４にハッチングを付して示すような有効視野範囲を示
す印刷出力を得る。As described above, in the arithmetic processing circuit 12, the effective visual field range in which the target stimulus can be detected when the number of high-speed eye movements is 1 or less can be obtained on the visual field position.
The calculation result is supplied to the output device 7 such as a printer,
A printout showing the effective visual field range as shown by hatching in FIG. 4 is obtained.
【００１６】図４において、横軸Ｘおよび縦軸Ｙは、視
覚刺激のそれぞれ横方向および縦方向の位置を示す。こ
こで、真円は刺激の大きさがたとえば視角６度に対応し
ていることを示しており、それに対する有効視野がハッ
チングを付して示す領域のようになる。図４から判るよ
うに、視角６度の円の内部に、凝視点（Ｘ＝０，Ｙ＝
０）を中心として有効視野範囲が広がっていることが認
められる。In FIG. 4, the horizontal axis X and the vertical axis Y indicate the horizontal and vertical positions of the visual stimulus, respectively. Here, the perfect circle indicates that the size of the stimulus corresponds to, for example, a visual angle of 6 degrees, and the effective visual field for that corresponds to a region shown by hatching. As can be seen from FIG. 4, a fixation point (X = 0, Y =
It is recognized that the effective visual field range is widened around 0).
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の効果】以上に詳述したところから明らかなよう
に、本発明の眼球運動計数型有効視野計測装置によれ
ば、基礎的な人間の特性としての有効視野が簡易な構成
の装置によって正確に計測できることに加え、眼球運動
を制限することなく、様々な種類の視覚刺激を扱うこと
ができ、しかも刺激提示時間に依存しない単一の有効視
野範囲を計測できる有効視野計測装置を提供することが
でき、以て、眼科や脳神経外科的な臨床場面、機械操作
パネル配置やコンピュータ画面の設計等のインターフェ
ース構築場面での使用が可能である。As is clear from the above-mentioned details, according to the eye movement counting type effective visual field measuring apparatus of the present invention, the effective visual field as a basic human characteristic is accurately determined by the apparatus having a simple structure. To provide an effective visual field measuring device capable of handling various types of visual stimuli without limiting eye movement, and capable of measuring a single effective visual field range that does not depend on stimulus presentation time. Therefore, it can be used in ophthalmology and neurosurgical clinical situations, interface construction situations such as machine operation panel layout and computer screen design.
【図１】本発明による眼球運動計数型有効視野計測装置
の構成の実施の一形態例を示すブロック図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a configuration of an eye movement counting type effective visual field measuring device according to the present invention.
【図２】図１に示した回路４および５の具体例を示すブ
ロック図である。FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a specific example of circuits 4 and 5 shown in FIG.
【図３】図２に示した回路の動作説明用信号波形図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a signal waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the circuit shown in FIG.
【図４】ノイズ中の目標刺激検出に要する高速眼球運動
回数を計測して得た出力としてかかる運動回数が１回以
下で目標刺激を検出できる有効視野範囲の一例を示す説
明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an effective visual field range in which a target stimulus can be detected when the number of high-speed eye movements required to detect a target stimulus in noise is measured and the output is one or less.
１ 視覚刺激提示装置 ２ａ，２ｂ，２ｃ，２ｄ 眼球運動導出電極 ３ａ，３ｂ 眼球運動計測装置 ４ 微分回路 ５ しきい値回路 ６ 比較・計数回路 ７ 出力装置 １０ 被験者 １０ａ，１０ｂ 眼球 １１ コンピュータ １２ 演算処理回路 1 Visual Stimulus Presenting Device 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d Eye Movement Derivation Electrodes 3a, 3b Eye Movement Measuring Device 4 Differentiation Circuit 5 Threshold Circuit 6 Comparison / Counting Circuit 7 Output Device 10 Subject 10a, 10b Eye 11 Computer 12 Computational Processing circuit
Claims (1)
る視覚刺激提示装置と、 その刺激提示と同期した制御信号を出力する手段と、 眼球の水平方向および垂直方向の眼球運動を個別に導出
するための２対の眼球運動導出電極と、 前記２対の眼球運動導出電極の各対から、水平方向およ
び垂直方向の眼位変化分のみを計測する眼球運動計測装
置と、 その計測出力を供給され、眼球運動のうちの高速眼球運
動成分のみを検出する手段と、 その検出出力および前記制御信号を供給され、刺激提示
と同期した状態で高速眼球運動の回数を算出する手段と
を具備し、視野位置別の高速眼球運動回数を計測するこ
とによって、種々の視覚刺激に対する有効視野範囲を計
測するようにしたことを特徴とする眼球運動計数型有効
視野計測装置。1. A visual stimulus presentation device capable of presenting visual stimuli at various positions in a visual field, a means for outputting a control signal in synchronization with the stimulus presentation, and an eye movement in horizontal and vertical directions of an eyeball are individually derived. And a pair of eye movement deriving electrodes for measuring the movement of the eye movement from each pair of the two pairs of eye movement deriving electrodes, and a measurement output thereof. And means for detecting only the high-speed eye movement component of the eye movement, and means for calculating the number of high-speed eye movements in synchronization with the stimulus presentation, supplied with the detection output and the control signal, An eye movement counting type effective visual field measuring device characterized in that the effective visual field range for various visual stimuli is measured by measuring the number of high-speed eye movements for each visual field position.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7191538A JP2705758B2 (en) | 1995-07-27 | 1995-07-27 | Eye movement counting type effective visual field measurement device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7191538A JP2705758B2 (en) | 1995-07-27 | 1995-07-27 | Eye movement counting type effective visual field measurement device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0938037A true JPH0938037A (en) | 1997-02-10 |
| JP2705758B2 JP2705758B2 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
Family
ID=16276344
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7191538A Expired - Lifetime JP2705758B2 (en) | 1995-07-27 | 1995-07-27 | Eye movement counting type effective visual field measurement device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2705758B2 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6585724B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2003-07-01 | Nidek Co., Ltd. | Ophthalmic surgery apparatus |
| JP2007252879A (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2007-10-04 | Univ Of Electro-Communications | Method for measuring eyeball position and instrument for measuring eyeball position |
| JP2010005320A (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-14 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | Device for determining load on driver |
| US8473045B2 (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2013-06-25 | Panasonic Corporation | Method for controlling device by using brain wave and brain wave interface system |
| WO2015019542A1 (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-02-12 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Visual field-calculating unit and visual field-calculating method |
| US11836288B2 (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2023-12-05 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Distance estimation device, distance estimation method and distance estimation program |
-
1995
- 1995-07-27 JP JP7191538A patent/JP2705758B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6585724B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2003-07-01 | Nidek Co., Ltd. | Ophthalmic surgery apparatus |
| JP2007252879A (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2007-10-04 | Univ Of Electro-Communications | Method for measuring eyeball position and instrument for measuring eyeball position |
| JP2010005320A (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-14 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | Device for determining load on driver |
| US8473045B2 (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2013-06-25 | Panasonic Corporation | Method for controlling device by using brain wave and brain wave interface system |
| WO2015019542A1 (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-02-12 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Visual field-calculating unit and visual field-calculating method |
| JPWO2015019542A1 (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2017-03-02 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Visual field calculation device and visual field calculation method |
| US11836288B2 (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2023-12-05 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Distance estimation device, distance estimation method and distance estimation program |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2705758B2 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
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