JPH09317413A - Joining type valve seat - Google Patents
Joining type valve seatInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09317413A JPH09317413A JP13357796A JP13357796A JPH09317413A JP H09317413 A JPH09317413 A JP H09317413A JP 13357796 A JP13357796 A JP 13357796A JP 13357796 A JP13357796 A JP 13357796A JP H09317413 A JPH09317413 A JP H09317413A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- valve seat
- alloy
- cylinder head
- layer
- joined
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
- F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、内燃機関用のバル
ブシートに関し、とくにシリンダヘッドに接合できるバ
ルブシートに関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a valve seat for an internal combustion engine, and more particularly to a valve seat that can be joined to a cylinder head.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】バルブシートは、燃焼ガスのシールとバ
ルブを冷却する役割を担ってエンジンのシリンダヘッド
に圧入されて使用されてきた。しかし、最近では、自動
車の高速化・軽量化等の要望から、内燃エンジンでは多
バルブ化が進んでおり、各気筒には複数の吸・排気ポー
トが近接して配置されている。このような最近の傾向か
ら、バルブ間の距離を狭くしたり、吸・排気ポート径を
大きくする等の設計の自由度を確保したり、あるいは、
バルブ・バルブシートの熱引け性を良くし熱負荷の軽減
を図る等の目的で、シリンダヘッドにバルブシートを接
合する接合型バブルシートが考えられている。2. Description of the Related Art A valve seat has been used by being press-fitted into a cylinder head of an engine to play a role of sealing a combustion gas and cooling a valve. However, recently, in order to increase the speed and weight of automobiles, the number of valves in internal combustion engines is increasing, and a plurality of intake / exhaust ports are arranged close to each cylinder. Due to these recent trends, the degree of freedom in design such as reducing the distance between valves and increasing the intake / exhaust port diameter, or
For the purpose of improving the heat shrinkability of the valve / valve seat and reducing the heat load, a joint type bubble seat for joining the valve seat to the cylinder head has been considered.
【０００３】従来のバルブシート用焼結合金材として
は、例えば、特開昭59-25959号公報には、Ｃ、Ni、Cr、
Mo、Coを多量に含み、基地組織中にＣ−Cr−Ｗ−Co−Fe
粒子とFe−Mo粒子の硬質粒子が分散し、連続空孔が銅合
金にて溶浸されたバルブシート用焼結合金材が開示さ
れ、強度および剛性に優れかつ耐摩耗性に優れたバルブ
シートとして使用されてきた。As a conventional sintered alloy material for valve seats, for example, in JP-A-59-25959, C, Ni, Cr,
Contains a large amount of Mo and Co, and contains C-Cr-W-Co-Fe in the base structure.
Disclosed is a sintered alloy material for valve seats, in which particles and hard particles of Fe-Mo particles are dispersed, and continuous pores are infiltrated with a copper alloy, which is excellent in strength and rigidity and has excellent wear resistance. Has been used as.
【０００４】しかしながら、従来のバルブシート用焼結
合金材を接合型バルブシートに適用すると、バルブシー
トを接合するとき、あるいは、エンジンの運転時に、バ
ルブシートにクラック（亀裂）が発生し、バルブシート
のシール性が低下するという問題があり、量産化されな
かった。このクラックの発生は、圧入型のバルブシート
に比較し、接合型バルブシートでは寸法形状が小さく、
抵抗溶接時あるいはエンジンの運転時の応力に耐えられ
ないためであった。However, when the conventional sintered alloy material for valve seats is applied to the joining type valve seats, cracks occur in the valve seats when the valve seats are joined or when the engine is operated, and the valve seats are cracked. However, it was not mass-produced because there was a problem that the sealing property of was deteriorated. Compared to press-fitting type valve seats, the occurrence of these cracks is smaller in the joint type valve seat,
This is because it cannot withstand the stress during resistance welding or engine operation.
【０００５】このような問題に対し、例えば、特開平7-
189628号公報には、Cu基合金またはオーステナイト基地
鉄系合金を抵抗溶接によりシリンダヘッドに接合されて
なる接合型バルブシートが提案されている。しかし、こ
のバルブシートは、接合時、あるいは運転時にクラック
が発生しないが、高価な合金元素を含んでおり経済的に
不利であること、あるいはさらに、強度、剛性が低いこ
と、また、耐摩耗性が劣るという問題があった。To address such a problem, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-
JP-A-189628 proposes a joint type valve seat in which a Cu-based alloy or an austenitic base iron-based alloy is joined to a cylinder head by resistance welding. However, this valve seat does not crack during joining or operation, but contains an expensive alloy element and is economically disadvantageous, or furthermore, has low strength and rigidity, and has abrasion resistance. Was inferior.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、上記した問
題点を有利に解決し、接合型バルブシートとしても抵抗
溶接接合時あるいはエンジン運転時にクラックを発生し
ない、強度、剛性および耐摩耗性に優れた接合型バルブ
シートを提案することを目的とする。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention advantageously solves the above problems and has strength, rigidity and wear resistance that does not cause cracks during resistance welding or engine operation even in a joint type valve seat. The purpose is to propose an excellent joint type valve seat.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、抵抗溶接
時あるいはエンジンの運転時に接合型バルブシートに発
生するクラックは、シリンダヘッド材とバルブシート材
の間の熱膨張率の相違により、抵抗溶接時の加熱冷却、
あるいはエンジン運転時の加熱冷却で発生するシリンダ
ヘッドとバルブシートの膨張量の差が原因であると考
え、鋭意検討した結果、シリンダヘッド材の熱膨張率と
バルブシート材の熱膨張率との中間の熱膨張率を有する
被覆層を、シリンダヘッドと接合されるバルブシートの
面に形成することにより、接合型バルブシートに発生す
るクラックは防止できることを見いだした。また、シリ
ンダヘッドとの接合面に被覆層を形成したバルブシート
を、抵抗溶接によりAl合金製シリンダヘッドに接合する
と、接合面にAl合金との金属間化合物が形成され、接合
強度が増加するとともに、シリンダヘッドとバルブシー
トの間の熱膨張差を緩和し、クラックの発生を抑えるこ
とができるという新規な知見を得た。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The inventors of the present invention have found that cracks generated in a joint type valve seat during resistance welding or engine operation are due to the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the cylinder head material and the valve seat material. Heating and cooling during resistance welding,
Or, it is thought that the cause is the difference in the expansion amount between the cylinder head and the valve seat that occurs during heating and cooling during engine operation. It was found that by forming a coating layer having a coefficient of thermal expansion of the above on the surface of the valve seat joined to the cylinder head, cracks generated in the joined valve seat can be prevented. Further, when the valve seat having the coating layer formed on the joint surface with the cylinder head is joined to the Al alloy cylinder head by resistance welding, an intermetallic compound with the Al alloy is formed on the joint surface, and the joint strength is increased. The new knowledge that the difference in thermal expansion between the cylinder head and the valve seat can be relaxed and the occurrence of cracks can be suppressed has been obtained.
【０００８】本発明は、上記した知見をもとに構成され
たものである。すなわち、本発明は、内燃エンジンのＡ
ｌ合金製シリンダヘッドに抵抗溶接により接合される接
合型バルブシートであって、該バルブシートがＦｅ基焼
結合金製であり、かつ該バルブシート面の少なくとも該
シリンダヘッドと接合する面に15×10-6〜25×10-6（1/
Ｋ）の熱膨張率を有する純金属層あるいは合金層が10μ
m 以下被覆されたことを特徴とする接合型バルブシート
であり、また、前記バルブシートを銅溶浸Ｆｅ基焼結合
金製あるいは空孔がＣｕにより封孔されたＦｅ基焼結合
金製としてもよく、また、前記バルブシートを鋳鉄製あ
るいは鋳鋼製あるいはＮｉ基合金溶製材製としてもよ
い。The present invention is based on the above findings. That is, the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine A
A joined type valve seat joined by resistance welding to a cylinder head made of 1-alloy, the valve seat being made of a Fe-based sintered alloy, and 15 × on at least a surface of the valve seat that is joined to the cylinder head. 10 -6 to 25 x 10 -6 (1 /
K) with a coefficient of thermal expansion of pure metal or alloy layer of 10μ
A joint type valve seat characterized by being coated with m or less, and the valve seat may be made of a copper-infiltrated Fe-based sintered alloy or an Fe-based sintered alloy in which holes are sealed by Cu. Alternatively, the valve seat may be made of cast iron, cast steel, or a Ni-base alloy ingot.
【０００９】さらに、本発明は、内燃エンジンのＡｌ合
金製シリンダヘッドに抵抗溶接により接合される接合型
バルブシートであって、該バルブシートがＣｕ基合金製
であり、かつ該バルブシート面の少なくとも該シリンダ
ヘッドと接合する面に18×10 -6〜27×10-6（1/Ｋ）の熱
膨張率を有する純金属層あるいは合金層が10μm 以下被
覆されたことを特徴とする接合型バルブシートである。Furthermore, the present invention relates to an Al alloy for an internal combustion engine.
Joining type joined to a gold cylinder head by resistance welding
A valve seat, the valve seat being made of a Cu-based alloy
And at least the cylinder on the valve seat surface
18 × 10 on the surface to be joined with the head -6~ 27 x 10-6(1 / K) heat
A pure metal or alloy layer with an expansion coefficient of 10 μm or less
It is a joint type valve seat characterized by being covered.
【００１０】また、本発明は、内燃エンジンのＡｌ合金
製シリンダヘッドに抵抗溶接により接合される接合型バ
ルブシートであって、該バルブシートがセラミック製で
あり、かつ該バルブシート面の少なくとも該シリンダヘ
ッドと接合する面に10×10-6〜20×10-6（1/Ｋ）の熱膨
張率を有する純金属層あるいは合金層が10μm 以下被覆
されたことを特徴とする接合型バルブシートである。Further, the present invention is a joining type valve seat joined to an Al alloy cylinder head of an internal combustion engine by resistance welding, wherein the valve seat is made of ceramic, and at least the cylinder on the valve seat surface. A junction type valve seat characterized in that the surface to be joined to the head is coated with a pure metal layer or an alloy layer having a thermal expansion coefficient of 10 × 10 -6 to 20 × 10 -6 (1 / K) of 10 μm or less. is there.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の接合型バルブシートは、
素材を所定の形状に加工し、Al合金製シリンダヘッドに
抵抗溶接により接合される。なお、接合方法は、抵抗溶
接が好ましいが、その他、摩擦圧接、電子ビーム溶接等
によっても問題はない。本発明の接合型バルブシートに
は、少なくともシリンダヘッドと接合する面に10μm 以
下の被覆層が形成される。被覆層は、シリンダヘッドと
接合する面以外に形成しても何ら問題がないのは言うま
でもない。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The joining type valve seat of the present invention comprises:
The material is processed into a predetermined shape and joined to an Al alloy cylinder head by resistance welding. Resistance welding is preferable as the joining method, but friction welding, electron beam welding, or the like may be used without any problem. In the joint type valve seat of the present invention, a coating layer having a thickness of 10 μm or less is formed on at least the surface to be joined to the cylinder head. It goes without saying that there is no problem even if the coating layer is formed on a surface other than the surface to be joined to the cylinder head.
【００１２】被覆層を有するバルブシートを、抵抗溶接
によりAl合金製シリンダヘッドに接合すると、接合面に
Al合金との金属間化合物が形成される。これにより、接
合強度が増加するとともに、シリンダヘッドとバルブシ
ートの間の熱膨張差を緩和し、クラックの発生を抑え
る。被覆層の厚みが10μm を超えると、接合部に金属間
化合物層以外に被覆材の単一層も存在することになり接
合部の組織が不均一となる。被覆材の単一層が存在する
と、抵抗溶接時の押し込み圧力で塑性流動層が形成さ
れ、そのため、強度が低下し、接合溶接時あるいはエン
ジン運転時にクラックが発生しやすくなる。このような
ことから、10μm を被覆層厚みの上限とした。When the valve seat having the coating layer is joined to the Al alloy cylinder head by resistance welding, the joining surface is
An intermetallic compound with the Al alloy is formed. As a result, the joint strength is increased and the difference in thermal expansion between the cylinder head and the valve seat is mitigated to suppress the occurrence of cracks. When the thickness of the coating layer exceeds 10 μm, a single layer of the coating material is present at the joint in addition to the intermetallic compound layer, and the structure of the joint becomes nonuniform. If a single layer of the covering material is present, a plastic fluidized layer is formed by the indentation pressure during resistance welding, so that the strength decreases, and cracks easily occur during joint welding or during engine operation. Therefore, 10 μm was set as the upper limit of the coating layer thickness.
【００１３】バルブシート表面に形成される被覆層は、
バルブシートの材質に対応した熱膨張率を有する純金属
層あるいは合金層である。純金属層としては、Cu、Ni、
Agが、合金層としてはCu、Ni、Ag基の合金が好適であ
る。被覆層は、めっき、コーティング、蒸着等により形
成するのが好ましい。The coating layer formed on the surface of the valve seat is
It is a pure metal layer or an alloy layer having a coefficient of thermal expansion corresponding to the material of the valve seat. As the pure metal layer, Cu, Ni,
As for the alloy layer of Ag, Cu, Ni, and Ag-based alloys are suitable. The coating layer is preferably formed by plating, coating, vapor deposition or the like.
【００１４】バルブシートが、Ｆｅ基焼結合金製の場合
は、被覆層は15×10-6〜25×10-6（1/Ｋ）の熱膨張率を
有する純金属層あるいは合金層が好ましい。被覆層の熱
膨張率が15×10-6（1/Ｋ）未満では、シリンダヘッドの
熱膨張率との差が大きく、また、25×10-6（1/Ｋ）を超
えるとバルブシートの熱膨張率との差が大きく、抵抗溶
接時もしくはエンジン運転時にクラックが発生するた
め、バルブシートがＦｅ基焼結合金製の場合は、被覆層
の熱膨張率は15×10-6〜25×10 -6（1/Ｋ）の範囲とし
た。When the valve seat is made of Fe-based sintered alloy
The coating layer is 15 × 10-6~ 25 × 10-6(1 / K) coefficient of thermal expansion
A pure metal layer or an alloy layer having is preferable. Heat of coating layer
Expansion coefficient 15 × 10-6Below (1 / K), the cylinder head
Large difference from the coefficient of thermal expansion, also 25 × 10-6Over (1 / K)
If there is a large difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the valve seat,
Cracks may occur during contact or engine operation.
Therefore, if the valve seat is made of Fe-based sintered alloy, the coating layer
Has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 15 × 10-6~ 25 × 10 -6(1 / K) range
Was.
【００１５】バルブシートの基材を、Ｆｅ基焼結合金に
代えて、銅溶浸Ｆｅ基焼結合金あるいは空孔がＣｕによ
り封孔されたＦｅ基焼結合金としてもよく、また、鋳鉄
あるいは鋳鋼あるいはＮｉ基合金溶製材を用いてもよ
く、この場合、被覆層の熱膨張率は同一範囲のものが好
適に適用できる。バルブシート材として、適用可能なＦ
ｅ基焼結合金は、通常公知なバルブシート用Ｆｅ基焼結
合金がすべて好適に適用できる。なかでも、Ｃ、Ni、C
r、Coを含み、基地組織中にＣ−Cr−Ｗ−Co−Fe粒子の
硬質粒子が分散したＦｅ基焼結合金や、Ｃ、Ni、Cr、M
o、Coを含み、基地組織中にＣ−Cr−Ｗ−Co−Fe粒子とF
e−Mo粒子の硬質粒子が分散したＦｅ基焼結合金が好適
である。また、Ni、Moを少なくとも１種 0.5〜８％含有
する低合金系、ハイス系、ステンレス鋼系Ｆｅ基焼結合
金も好適である。Instead of the Fe-based sintered alloy, the base material of the valve seat may be a copper-infiltrated Fe-based sintered alloy or an Fe-based sintered alloy in which pores are sealed with Cu, or cast iron or Cast steel or Ni-base alloy ingot may be used, and in this case, those having the same thermal expansion coefficient of the coating layer can be suitably applied. Applicable as valve seat material F
As the e-based sintered alloy, generally known Fe-based sintered alloys for valve seats can all be suitably applied. Among them, C, Ni, C
Fe-based sintered alloys containing r and Co, in which hard particles of C-Cr-W-Co-Fe particles are dispersed in the matrix structure, C, Ni, Cr, M
o, containing Co, C-Cr-W-Co-Fe particles and F in the matrix structure
A Fe-based sintered alloy in which hard particles of e-Mo particles are dispersed is suitable. Further, low alloy type, high speed type, and stainless steel type Fe-based sintered alloys containing at least one 0.5 to 8% of Ni and Mo are also suitable.
【００１６】また、銅溶浸Ｆｅ基焼結合金は、原料粉末
を金型に充填し、成形プレスにより圧縮・成形し圧粉体
としたのち、圧粉体を焼結させ、さらに、焼結体を溶浸
用銅合金とともに銅合金の融点以上に加熱し、空孔に銅
合金を溶浸させる溶浸処理を施して得る。また、溶浸処
理のかわりに、あらかじめ原料粉末に銅粉末を混合し焼
結時にCuを液相として、空孔をCuで封孔してもよい。The copper-infiltrated Fe-based sintered alloy is prepared by filling a raw material powder into a mold, compressing and molding it with a molding press to obtain a green compact, and then sintering the green compact. It is obtained by heating the body together with the copper alloy for infiltration to a temperature not lower than the melting point of the copper alloy, and subjecting the pores to the infiltration treatment of infiltrating the copper alloy. Further, instead of the infiltration treatment, copper powder may be mixed in advance with the raw material powder, and Cu may be used as a liquid phase at the time of sintering to seal the pores with Cu.
【００１７】また、銅溶浸処理時に、焼結体表面にCu層
を10μm 以下残存させるようにし、被覆層の形成処理を
省略してもよい。本発明では、必ずしも焼結合金に限ら
ず溶製材でもよい。溶製材としては、鋳鉄あるいは鋳鋼
あるいはNi基合金が好適に利用できる。バルブシート材
として、好適な鋳鉄としては、FCD600の球状黒鉛鋳鉄お
よびCr、Ｂ等を含む合金片状黒鉛鋳鉄が挙げられる。ま
た、好適な鋳鋼としては、Ni含有量の高い高Ni鋳鋼、高
Cr鋳鋼、Cr−Si系鋳鋼がある。Ni基合金は、NCF(JIS G
4901〜4902) 系、Ni−Cr系等がよい。Further, during the copper infiltration treatment, the Cu layer may be left on the surface of the sintered body in an amount of 10 μm or less, and the coating layer forming treatment may be omitted. In the present invention, not only the sintered alloy but also ingot may be used. As the ingot material, cast iron, cast steel, or Ni-based alloy can be preferably used. Suitable cast iron as the valve seat material includes spheroidal graphite cast iron of FCD600 and alloy flake graphite cast iron containing Cr, B and the like. Further, as preferable cast steel, high Ni cast steel with high Ni content, high
There are Cr cast steel and Cr-Si based cast steel. Ni-based alloy is NCF (JIS G
4901 to 4902) type, Ni-Cr type, etc. are preferable.
【００１８】バルブシートがCu基合金製の場合は、被覆
層は18×10-6〜27×10-6（1/Ｋ）の熱膨張率を有する純
金属層あるいは合金層が好ましい。バルブシートをCu基
合金を用いて製造するには、粉末焼結法、溶製法あるい
は圧延材からの削り出し法いずれも好適に利用できる。
バルブシートがCu基合金製の場合は、被覆層の熱膨張率
が18×10-6（1/Ｋ）未満では、シリンダヘッドの熱膨張
率との差が大きく、また、27×10-6（1/Ｋ）を超えると
バルブシートの熱膨張率との差が大きく、抵抗溶接時も
しくはエンジン運転時にクラックが発生するため、被覆
層の熱膨張率は18×10-6〜27×10-6（1/Ｋ）の範囲とし
た。When the valve seat is made of a Cu-based alloy, the coating layer is preferably a pure metal layer or an alloy layer having a coefficient of thermal expansion of 18 × 10 -6 to 27 × 10 -6 (1 / K). In order to manufacture a valve seat using a Cu-based alloy, any of a powder sintering method, a melting method and a carving method from a rolled material can be suitably used.
When the valve seat is made of Cu-based alloy, if the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating layer is less than 18 × 10 -6 (1 / K), the difference from the thermal expansion coefficient of the cylinder head is large, and it is 27 × 10 -6. (1 / K) by weight, the large difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the valve seat, since the cracks are generated at the time of resistance welding or the engine operation, the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating layer is 18 × 10 -6 ~27 × 10 - The range was 6 (1 / K).
【００１９】本発明のバルブシートに適用できるCu基合
金としては、Cu−Ni−Si合金、Cu−Be合金、Cu−Cr合金
が好ましい。バルブシートがセラミック製の場合には、
被覆層は10×10-6〜20×10-6（1/Ｋ）の熱膨張率を有す
る純金属層あるいは合金層が好ましい。本発明のバルブ
シートに適用できるセラミックとしては、Si3N4 、Al20
3 、SiC が好ましい。The Cu-based alloy applicable to the valve seat of the present invention is preferably a Cu-Ni-Si alloy, a Cu-Be alloy or a Cu-Cr alloy. If the valve seat is made of ceramic,
The coating layer is preferably a pure metal layer or an alloy layer having a coefficient of thermal expansion of 10 × 10 −6 to 20 × 10 −6 (1 / K). Ceramics applicable to the valve seat of the present invention include Si 3 N 4 , Al 2 0
3 , SiC is preferred.
【００２０】バルブシートをセラミックを用いて製造す
るには、粉末焼結法が好適に利用でき、Si3N4 、Al
203 、SiC の粉末を焼結助剤（例えば、ポリビニルアル
コール、メチルセルロース）とともに、混合し成型した
のち、焼結する。バルブシートがセラミック製の場合
は、被覆層の熱膨張率が10×10-6（1/Ｋ）未満では、シ
リンダヘッドの熱膨張率との差が大きく、また、20×10
-6（1/Ｋ）を超えるとバルブシートの熱膨張率との差が
大きく、抵抗溶接時もしくはエンジン運転時にクラック
が発生するため、被覆層の熱膨張率は10×10-6〜20×10
-6（1/Ｋ）の範囲とした。In order to manufacture the valve seat using ceramics, the powder sintering method can be suitably used, and Si 3 N 4 , Al
2 0 3, SiC powder and a sintering aid (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose) together, mixing After molding and sintering. When the valve seat is made of ceramic, if the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating layer is less than 10 × 10 -6 (1 / K), the difference from the thermal expansion coefficient of the cylinder head is large, and the thermal expansion coefficient of 20 × 10
If it exceeds -6 (1 / K), the difference from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the valve seat is large, and cracks occur during resistance welding or during engine operation, so the coefficient of thermal expansion of the coating layer is 10 x 10 -6 to 20 x. Ten
The range was -6 (1 / K).
【００２１】[0021]
（実施例１）まず、接合型バルブシートの素材の製造に
ついて説明する。 （試験No.1およびNo.2）原料粉末として、Ｃ粉末、Co粉
末、Ni粉末、Ｃ−Co−Ｗ−Cr−Fe合金粉末、アトマイズ
純鉄粉に、ステアリン酸亜鉛を配合し、混練した。この
混合原料粉末を圧粉成形し、還元性雰囲気で焼結し、焼
結合金材の組成が、重量％で、Ｃ：1.2％、Ni：2.0
％、Cr：6.5 ％、Ｗ：2.0 ％、Co：7.0 ％、残部は不純
物およびFeであり、基地中に硬質粒子が分散したFe基焼
結合金材を得た。これらの焼結合金材から、接合型バル
ブシートを加工した。試験No.1は、シリンダヘッドに接
合する面にCuをめっきにより３μm の厚さで被覆した。
試験No.2は、とくに、被覆層の形成は実施しなかった。(Example 1) First, the production of the material for the joint type valve seat will be described. (Test No. 1 and No. 2) As raw material powders, C powder, Co powder, Ni powder, C-Co-W-Cr-Fe alloy powder and atomized pure iron powder were mixed with zinc stearate and kneaded. . This mixed raw material powder is compacted and sintered in a reducing atmosphere, and the composition of the sintered alloy material is% by weight, C: 1.2%, Ni: 2.0
%, Cr: 6.5%, W: 2.0%, Co: 7.0%, the balance being impurities and Fe, and an Fe-based sintered alloy material in which hard particles were dispersed in the matrix was obtained. Joined valve seats were processed from these sintered alloy materials. In Test No. 1, the surface to be joined to the cylinder head was coated with Cu to a thickness of 3 μm by plating.
In Test No. 2, in particular, formation of the coating layer was not performed.
【００２２】（試験No.3およびNo.4）原料粉末として、
Ｃ粉末、ハイス鋼粉末に、ステアリン酸亜鉛を配合し、
混練した。この混合原料粉末を圧粉成形し、還元性雰囲
気で焼結した。ついで、焼結体をCu溶浸し、焼結材の組
成が、重量％で、Ｃ：1.0 ％、Cr：2.0 ％、Mo：2.5
％、Ｗ：3.0 ％、Ｖ：3.0 ％、Cu：15.0％、残部は不純
物およびFeであり、基地中に微細炭化物が分散したCu溶
浸Fe基焼結合金材を得た。これらの焼結合金材から、接
合型バルブシートに加工し、試験No.3は、ついで、めっ
きにより５μm 厚のCu層を、試験No.4は、20μm 厚のCu
層を被覆した。(Test No. 3 and No. 4) As raw material powder,
C powder, high-speed steel powder, zinc stearate blended,
Kneaded. This mixed raw material powder was compacted and sintered in a reducing atmosphere. Then, the sintered body was infiltrated with Cu, and the composition of the sintered material was C: 1.0%, Cr: 2.0%, Mo: 2.5 by weight%.
%, W: 3.0%, V: 3.0%, Cu: 15.0%, the balance being impurities and Fe, and a Cu infiltrated Fe-based sintered alloy material in which fine carbides were dispersed in the matrix was obtained. These sintered alloy materials were processed into joint type valve seats, test No. 3 was followed by plating with a Cu layer of 5 μm thickness, and test No. 4 was tested with 20 μm thick Cu layer.
The layers were coated.
【００２３】（試験No.5およびNo.6）原料粉末として、
Ｃ粉末、Cr−Fe合金粉末、Fe−Mo粉末、純鉄粉に、ステ
アリン酸亜鉛を配合し、混練した。この混合原料粉末を
圧粉成形し、還元性雰囲気で焼結し、焼結材の組成が、
重量％で、Ｃ：2.0 ％、Cr：12.0％、Mo：1.0 ％、残部
は不純物およびFeである、基地中にCr炭化物が析出した
Fe基焼結合金材を得た。これらの焼結合金材から、接合
型バルブシートに加工し、試験No.5は、ついで、めっき
により４μm 厚のCu層を被覆した。試験No.6は、つい
で、めっきにより３μm 厚のAg層を被覆した。(Test No. 5 and No. 6) As raw material powder,
Zinc stearate was mixed with C powder, Cr-Fe alloy powder, Fe-Mo powder, and pure iron powder, and kneaded. This mixed raw material powder is compacted and sintered in a reducing atmosphere, and the composition of the sintered material is
% By weight, C: 2.0%, Cr: 12.0%, Mo: 1.0%, the balance being impurities and Fe. Cr carbide was precipitated in the matrix.
An Fe-based sintered alloy material was obtained. From these sintered alloy materials, joined type valve seats were processed, and in test No. 5, a Cu layer having a thickness of 4 μm was then coated by plating. Test No. 6 was then coated with a 3 μm thick Ag layer by plating.
【００２４】（試験No.7およびNo.8）電気炉−鋳造工程
でＣ：2.5 ％、Si：2.0 ％、Mn：1.0 ％、Ni：20.0％、
Cr：5.0 ％の高Ni鋳鋼を得た。この素材から接合型バル
ブシートを加工し、試験No.7は、ついで、めっきにより
５μm 厚のNi層を被覆した。試験No.8は、ついで、めっ
きにより18μm 厚のCu層を被覆した。(Test Nos. 7 and 8) Electric furnace-C: 2.5%, Si: 2.0%, Mn: 1.0%, Ni: 20.0% in the casting process,
Cr: 5.0% high Ni cast steel was obtained. A joint type valve seat was processed from this material, and in Test No. 7, a Ni layer having a thickness of 5 μm was then coated by plating. Test No. 8 was then coated with a 18 μm thick Cu layer by plating.
【００２５】（試験No.9およびNo.10 ）高周波溶解炉−
鋳造工程でＣ：3.6 ％、Si：2.0 ％、Mn：0.3 ％、Cu：
1.0 ％の球状黒鉛鋳鉄を得た。この素材から接合型バル
ブシートを加工し、試験No.9は、ついで、めっきにより
１μm 厚のCu層を被覆した。試験No.10 は、めっきによ
り２μm 厚のNi層を被覆した。(Test No. 9 and No. 10) High frequency melting furnace-
C: 3.6%, Si: 2.0%, Mn: 0.3%, Cu:
1.0% of spheroidal graphite cast iron was obtained. A joint type valve seat was processed from this material, and in Test No. 9, a Cu layer having a thickness of 1 μm was then coated by plating. In Test No. 10, a Ni layer having a thickness of 2 μm was coated by plating.
【００２６】（試験No.11 〜No.14 ）原料粉末として、
Ｃ粉末、Co粉末、Ni粉末、Ｃ−Co−Ｗ−Cr−Fe合金粉
末、アトマイズ純鉄粉に、ステアリン酸亜鉛を配合し、
混練した。この混合原料粉末を圧粉成形し、還元性雰囲
気で焼結した。溶浸用銅合金を載置し溶浸処理を行い、
ついで熱処理（焼入れ、焼戻し）を行った。焼結合金材
の組成が、重量％で、Ｃ：1.3 ％、Ni：2.0 ％、Cr：7.
0 ％、Ｗ：2.2 ％、Co：7.0 ％、Cu：15.0％、残部は不
純物およびFeであり、基地中に硬質粒子が分散し、焼結
空孔が銅合金に溶浸されたFe基焼結合金材を得た。これ
らの焼結合金材から、接合型バルブシートを加工し、つ
いで、試験No.11 は、めっきにより２μm 厚のCu層を、
試験No.13は、30μm 厚のNi層を、試験No.14 は、６μm
厚のAg層をめっきにより被覆した。なお、試験No.12
は、とくに、被覆層の形成は実施しなかった。(Test No. 11 to No. 14) As raw material powder,
C powder, Co powder, Ni powder, C-Co-W-Cr-Fe alloy powder, atomized pure iron powder, zinc stearate,
Kneaded. This mixed raw material powder was compacted and sintered in a reducing atmosphere. Place a copper alloy for infiltration and perform infiltration treatment,
Then, heat treatment (quenching and tempering) was performed. The composition of the sintered alloy material is C: 1.3%, Ni: 2.0%, Cr: 7.% by weight.
0%, W: 2.2%, Co: 7.0%, Cu: 15.0%, the balance being impurities and Fe, Fe-based calcination in which hard particles are dispersed in the matrix and the sintering pores are infiltrated into the copper alloy. A bonded metal material was obtained. Joined valve seats were processed from these sintered alloy materials, and then test No. 11 was performed by plating with a Cu layer of 2 μm thickness.
Test No. 13 has a Ni layer with a thickness of 30 μm, and Test No. 14 has a thickness of 6 μm.
The thick Ag layer was coated by plating. Test No. 12
In particular, no coating layer was formed.
【００２７】これら接合型バルブシート基材の種類とそ
の熱膨張率およびバルブシート基材に被覆した被覆層の
種類とその熱膨張率を纏めて表１に示す。つぎに、これ
らの接合型バルブシートをAl合金（ＡＣ４Ｃ）製のシリ
ンダヘッドに抵抗溶接した。図１に抵抗溶接による接合
方法を示す。図１(a) に示すように、バルブシート１
は、その突起部１ａがシリンダヘッド２のテーパ面２ａ
に当接するようにセットされ、電極３によりテーパ面２
ａとの間で矢印の方向に加圧され、続いて通電される。
シリンダヘッド２とバルブシート１との接合面およびそ
の近傍が溶融温度あるいはそれに近い温度まで加熱され
ると通電を遮断する。バルブシートより硬度の低いシリ
ンダヘッドが塑性変形して、図１(b) 示すようにバルブ
シート１がシリンダヘッド２に埋め込まれた状態で接合
される。Table 1 shows a summary of the types of these joint type valve seat base materials and their thermal expansion coefficients and the types of coating layers coated on the valve seat base materials and their thermal expansion coefficients. Next, these joint type valve seats were resistance-welded to a cylinder head made of Al alloy (AC4C). FIG. 1 shows a joining method by resistance welding. As shown in Fig. 1 (a), the valve seat 1
Means that the protrusion 1a is formed on the tapered surface 2a of the cylinder head 2.
Is set so as to abut the tapered surface 2 by the electrode 3.
a in the direction of the arrow, and subsequently energized.
When the joint surface between the cylinder head 2 and the valve seat 1 and its vicinity are heated to the melting temperature or a temperature close to the melting temperature, the power supply is cut off. The cylinder head having a hardness lower than that of the valve seat is plastically deformed, and the valve seat 1 is joined to the cylinder head 2 in a state of being embedded as shown in FIG.
【００２８】接合後、バルブシートに発生したクラック
の有無を調査した。その結果を表１に示す。また、シリ
ンダヘッドに接合された状態と同じ状態にした接合型バ
ルブシートについて、実機耐久試験と同等の温度、バル
ブ叩かれ状況でリグ試験を実施し、バルブシートに発生
するクラックの有無を調査した。After joining, the presence or absence of cracks in the valve seat was examined. Table 1 shows the results. In addition, a joint type valve seat that was in the same state as the state where it was joined to the cylinder head was subjected to a rig test at the same temperature as the actual machine endurance test and the condition where the valve was hit, and the presence or absence of cracks in the valve seat was investigated. .
【００２９】試験条件は、つぎのとおりである。 試験温度：400 ℃（測温位置：図２） 運転時間：30時間 カム回転数： 3000rpm バルブ回転数：10rpm リフト量：7mm 着座荷重：89kg その結果を表１に示す。The test conditions are as follows. Test temperature: 400 ℃ (Temperature measurement position: Fig. 2) Operating time: 30 hours Cam rotation speed: 3000 rpm Valve rotation speed: 10 rpm Lift amount: 7 mm Seating load: 89 kg The results are shown in Table 1.
【００３０】[0030]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００３１】（実施例２）原料粉末として、Cu−Be合金
粉末あるいはCu−Cr合金粉末あるいはCu−Ni−Si合金粉
末を焼結助剤とともに混練し、圧粉成形・焼結・熱処理
によりバルブシート用素材とした。また、セラミックと
して、Si3N4 あるいは、Al2O3 粉末を焼結助剤とともに
混練し、圧粉成形・焼結・熱処理によりバルブシート用
素材とした。これらの素材から、接合型バルブシートに
加工し、バルブシートのシリンダヘッドと接合する面
に、表２に示す被覆層をめっきにより形成した。一部、
被覆層を形成しないものも比較例として準備した。(Example 2) As a raw material powder, a Cu-Be alloy powder, a Cu-Cr alloy powder or a Cu-Ni-Si alloy powder was kneaded together with a sintering aid, and the powder was compacted, sintered and heat-treated to form a valve. Used as a sheet material. Further, as a ceramic, Si 3 N 4 or Al 2 O 3 powder was kneaded together with a sintering aid, and a powder sheet material was obtained by compacting, sintering and heat treating. These materials were processed into a joint type valve seat, and the coating layer shown in Table 2 was formed by plating on the surface of the valve seat to be joined with the cylinder head. part,
The thing which does not form a coating layer was also prepared as a comparative example.
【００３２】表２に示す被覆層を有する接合型バルブシ
ート（比較例の中には被覆層のないものも含む）を、実
施例１と同様に、抵抗溶接により、Al合金製のシリンダ
ヘッドに接合し、バルブシートに発生するクラックの有
無を調査した。その結果を表２に示す。The joint type valve seats having the coating layer shown in Table 2 (including those without the coating layer in the comparative examples) were applied to the cylinder head made of Al alloy by resistance welding in the same manner as in Example 1. After joining, the presence or absence of cracks in the valve seat was investigated. The results are shown in Table 2.
【００３３】[0033]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００３４】また、実施例１と同様に、実機耐久試験と
同等の温度、バルブ叩かれ状況でリグ試験を実施し、バ
ルブシートに発生するクラックの有無を調査した。それ
らの結果を表２に示す。本発明の範囲であれば、接合時
の熱応力により、クラックを発生することはなく、実機
と同等の条件でのリグ試験においてもクラックを発生す
ることはない。In the same manner as in Example 1, a rig test was conducted at the same temperature as in the actual machine endurance test under the condition of hitting the valve, and the presence or absence of cracks in the valve seat was investigated. Table 2 shows the results. Within the range of the present invention, cracking does not occur due to thermal stress at the time of joining, and even in a rig test under the same conditions as the actual machine, no cracking occurs.
【００３５】しかし、本発明の範囲を外れる被覆層を有
する、比較例の試験No.4、試験No.8、試験No.13 、試験
No.18 、試験No.21 、試験No.24 の接合型バルブシート
では、抵抗溶接による接合時にはクラックの発生はない
が、リグ試験ではクラックの発生が見られる。また、被
覆層を形成しない、比較例の試験No.2、試験No.12 、試
験No.16 、試験No.22 の接合型バルブシートでは、抵抗
溶接による接合時にクラックが発生している。However, Comparative Examples Test No. 4, Test No. 8, Test No. 13 and Test having a coating layer outside the scope of the present invention.
In No.18, No.21, and No.24 joint-type valve seats, cracks do not occur at the time of joining by resistance welding, but cracks are seen in the rig test. In addition, in the joint type valve seats of the test No. 2, the test No. 12, the test No. 16, and the test No. 22 of the comparative example in which the coating layer is not formed, cracks are generated at the time of joining by resistance welding.
【００３６】[0036]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、抵抗溶接による接合時
はもちろんエンジン運転時においてもクラックを生じる
ことがなく、高いシール性を維持することができるとい
う効果が得られる。According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an effect that a high sealing property can be maintained without cracking during engine operation as well as during resistance welding.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】バルブシートのシリンダヘッドへの抵抗溶接に
よる接合方法を示す説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a method of joining a valve seat to a cylinder head by resistance welding.
【図２】リグ試験機の概略説明図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view of a rig tester.
【図３】リグ試験における試験体の測温位置を示す説明
図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a temperature measurement position of a test body in a rig test.
１ バルブシート １ａ バルブシートの突起部 ２ シリンダヘッド ２ａ テーパ面 ３ 電極 1 Valve seat 1a Projection of valve seat 2 Cylinder head 2a Tapered surface 3 Electrode
Claims (5)
ドに抵抗溶接により接合される接合型バルブシートであ
って、該バルブシートがＦｅ基焼結合金製であり、かつ
該バルブシート面の少なくとも該シリンダヘッドと接合
する面に15×10-6〜25×10-6（1/Ｋ）の熱膨張率を有す
る純金属層あるいは合金層が10μm 以下被覆されたこと
を特徴とする接合型バルブシート。1. A joining type valve seat, which is joined to an Al alloy cylinder head of an internal combustion engine by resistance welding, wherein the valve seat is made of a Fe-based sintered alloy, and at least the cylinder on the valve seat surface. A junction type valve seat, characterized in that the surface to be joined to the head is coated with a pure metal layer or an alloy layer having a coefficient of thermal expansion of 15 × 10 −6 to 25 × 10 −6 (1 / K) in an amount of 10 μm or less.
金製あるいは空孔がＣｕにより封孔されたＦｅ基焼結合
金製であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の接合型バル
ブシート。2. The bonded valve seat according to claim 1, wherein the valve seat is made of a copper-infiltrated Fe-based sintered alloy or an Fe-based sintered alloy in which holes are sealed by Cu. .
製あるいはＮｉ基合金溶製材製であることを特徴とする
請求項１記載の接合型バルブシート。3. The joining type valve seat according to claim 1, wherein the valve seat is made of cast iron, cast steel, or a Ni-base alloy ingot.
ドに抵抗溶接により接合される接合型バルブシートであ
って、該バルブシートがＣｕ基合金製であり、かつ該バ
ルブシート面の少なくとも該シリンダヘッドと接合する
面に18×10-6〜27×10-6（1/Ｋ）の熱膨張率を有する純
金属層あるいは合金層が10μm 以下被覆されたことを特
徴とする接合型バルブシート。4. A joining type valve seat, which is joined to an Al alloy cylinder head of an internal combustion engine by resistance welding, the valve seat being made of a Cu-based alloy, and at least the cylinder head on the valve seat surface. A joining-type valve seat characterized in that the joining surface is coated with a pure metal layer or an alloy layer having a coefficient of thermal expansion of 18 × 10 −6 to 27 × 10 −6 (1 / K) in an amount of 10 μm or less.
ドに抵抗溶接により接合される接合型バルブシートであ
って、該バルブシートがセラミック製であり、かつ該バ
ルブシート面の少なくとも該シリンダヘッドと接合する
面に10×10-6〜20×10-6（1/Ｋ）の熱膨張率を有する純
金属層あるいは合金層が10μm 以下被覆されたことを特
徴とする接合型バルブシート。5. A joining type valve seat joined by resistance welding to an Al alloy cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, wherein the valve seat is made of ceramic and is joined to at least the cylinder head on the valve seat surface. A junction type valve seat characterized in that a surface thereof is coated with a pure metal layer or an alloy layer having a coefficient of thermal expansion of 10 × 10 −6 to 20 × 10 −6 (1 / K) in an amount of 10 μm or less.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13357796A JPH09317413A (en) | 1996-05-28 | 1996-05-28 | Joining type valve seat |
| GB9707409A GB2313651A (en) | 1996-05-28 | 1997-04-11 | Coated valve seat |
| DE1997121406 DE19721406A1 (en) | 1996-05-28 | 1997-05-22 | Valve seat |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13357796A JPH09317413A (en) | 1996-05-28 | 1996-05-28 | Joining type valve seat |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09317413A true JPH09317413A (en) | 1997-12-09 |
Family
ID=15108071
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13357796A Pending JPH09317413A (en) | 1996-05-28 | 1996-05-28 | Joining type valve seat |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH09317413A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19721406A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2313651A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19822930C2 (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2001-11-22 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Process for the adhesive application of a coating to an exposed and tribologically stressed surface of a component of a valve, preferably a valve stem and / or a valve bushing or guides, and component and its use as a valve for internal combustion engines |
| DE10353473B4 (en) * | 2003-11-15 | 2007-02-22 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Component of an internal combustion engine and method for its production |
| FR2877247B1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2007-03-02 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING A STEEL PIECE AND A CAST IRON PART |
| ES2862460T3 (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2021-10-07 | Flexible Ceramics Inc A California Corp | Silicone resin composites for durable high temperature elastic composite applications |
| WO2016093232A1 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-16 | オリジン電気株式会社 | Bonded article manufacturing method and bonded article |
| DE102016014537A1 (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2017-06-29 | Daimler Ag | Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine and method for manufacturing a cylinder head |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3287916B2 (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 2002-06-04 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | Joint structure of valve seat |
| US5742020A (en) * | 1995-01-23 | 1998-04-21 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Valve seat-bonded cylinder head and method for producing same |
| JPH08312800A (en) * | 1995-05-15 | 1996-11-26 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Joint type valve seat |
-
1996
- 1996-05-28 JP JP13357796A patent/JPH09317413A/en active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-04-11 GB GB9707409A patent/GB2313651A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-05-22 DE DE1997121406 patent/DE19721406A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19721406A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
| GB9707409D0 (en) | 1997-05-28 |
| GB2313651A (en) | 1997-12-03 |
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