JPH09281252A - Optical type continuous and automatic by-blown-snow/ sand-size measuring instrument - Google Patents
Optical type continuous and automatic by-blown-snow/ sand-size measuring instrumentInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09281252A JPH09281252A JP9566896A JP9566896A JPH09281252A JP H09281252 A JPH09281252 A JP H09281252A JP 9566896 A JP9566896 A JP 9566896A JP 9566896 A JP9566896 A JP 9566896A JP H09281252 A JPH09281252 A JP H09281252A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- light receiving
- particles
- light emitting
- emitting element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Photo Coupler, Interrupter, Optical-To-Optical Conversion Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は例えば吹雪中の飛雪
粒子や砂漠における飛砂粒子の粒径別計数及び粒径別流
量等の連続自動計測に用いられる光学式飛雪・飛砂粒子
粒径別連続自動計測装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to, for example, optical snow flying / sand flying particles used for continuous automatic measurement of snow flying particles in snowstorms and flying sand particles in deserts by particle size and flow rate by particle size. The present invention relates to a diameter-based continuous automatic measuring device.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来この種の光学式粒子計測装置の類似
装置として、例えば特開平２−１０３４４５号公報に示
す如く、計測領域の一方に配置され発光素子と光ファイ
バーを有する投光部と、計測領域の他方に配置され受光
面をスリット状に配列した光ファイバー受光素子を有す
る受光部二組と、投光部と受光部との間に形成された計
測領域内を通過する粒子による光量変化を計測する信号
処理部とを備えてなる構造のものが知られ、又、特開昭
６１−１５７８５４号公報に示す如く、顕微鏡写真撮影
装置を利用して蒸気タービンや燃料噴射弁等のダクト内
を通過する粒子の粒径を計測する構造のものが知られて
いる。2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional device similar to this type of optical particle measuring device, as shown in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-103445, a light projecting section having a light emitting element and an optical fiber disposed in one of the measuring regions, and measuring Measures the change in the amount of light due to particles that pass through the measurement area formed between the light-receiving section and the two sets of light-receiving sections that have optical fiber light-receiving elements that are arranged on the other side of the area and whose light-receiving surfaces are arranged in slits. There is also known a structure including a signal processing unit for performing the above, and as shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-157854, a microphotograph is used to pass through a duct such as a steam turbine or a fuel injection valve. It is known to have a structure for measuring the particle size of the particles.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら上記前者
の従来構造の場合、光ファイバーを経由して投光させる
構造のため、光ファイバーの末端面の面積を有する光源
の使用と等価であって、例えば現在実用になっている最
も細い直径１０μｍの光ファイバーを使用したとして
も、その太さの数１０倍以下の直径の粒子、具体的には
飛雪計測において重要な数１００μｍ以下の粒子に対し
ては、実用上の点光源となり得ず、この光源からレンズ
によって集光された光線は、平行光線として作用してお
らず、光軸方向に沿った感度差が存在し、同一粒径から
なる粒子であっても計測領域内の通過位置により出力が
変化するため、粒径の計測が事実上不可能であり、又、
投光部の発光素子としてレーザーダイオードが用いられ
ており、よって単一波長の発光となると共にレーザー光
はコヒーレンス性の高い光であるため顕著な光の干渉作
用により同心円状に光の強弱をもった干渉波が現れ、こ
のため巨大な粒子の衝突によってもたらされる、投光部
・受光部のごく僅かな光軸と直交方向の振動であって
も、受光部にマイクロフォニック雑音となって検出さ
れ、それだけ光量の計測精度を低下させることになり易
く、更に、二つのスリットを用いて計測する構造となっ
ているため、計測領域を通過する粒子間の移動方向に沿
った水平距離の分解能が二つのスリットの外側間隔以下
にならず、かつ光学系の構造が複雑化し、コスト低減を
図ることができない。又、パルス波形である信号出力を
通常のアンプを用いて増幅する従来の場合には、アンダ
ーシュートを伴うため、アンダーシュートによる信号波
形のゼロレベルの低下により計測精度が低下することが
あり、又、後者の従来構造にあっては、顕微鏡写真撮影
装置を利用することから、装置の複雑化及びコスト高は
避けられず、しかも飛雪・飛砂粒子の粒径計測にあって
は、リアルタイムでの計測及び連続自動計測が必須であ
るが、このような計測には不向きであり、そのまま適用
することができないという不都合を有している。However, in the case of the former conventional structure, since the structure is such that the light is projected through the optical fiber, it is equivalent to the use of a light source having the area of the end face of the optical fiber, and for example, it is currently used. Even if the thinnest optical fiber with a diameter of 10 μm is used, it is practical for particles with a diameter less than several tens of times its thickness, specifically particles with a diameter of less than 100 μm, which is important for snowfall measurement. The rays that cannot be the above point light source and are condensed by the lens from this light source do not act as parallel rays, have a difference in sensitivity along the optical axis direction, and are particles of the same particle size. Also, since the output changes depending on the passing position in the measurement area, it is practically impossible to measure the particle size.
A laser diode is used as the light emitting element of the light projecting section, and therefore, light having a single wavelength is emitted, and since the laser light is light with high coherence, the light intensity is concentrically increased due to the remarkable light interference effect. Interference waves appear, and even if the vibrations caused by the collision of huge particles in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the light emitter / light receiver are detected, they are detected as microphonic noise in the light receiver. However, the measurement accuracy of the light quantity is likely to be reduced, and since the measurement is performed using two slits, the resolution of the horizontal distance along the moving direction between particles passing through the measurement area is two. It is not less than the outer distance of one slit, and the structure of the optical system becomes complicated, so that the cost cannot be reduced. Further, in the conventional case in which a signal output which is a pulse waveform is amplified by using a normal amplifier, there is an undershoot, so that the measurement accuracy may be deteriorated due to a decrease in the zero level of the signal waveform due to the undershoot. However, in the latter conventional structure, since a microscopic photography device is used, it is inevitable that the device is complicated and the cost is high, and in measuring the particle size of snow and sand particles in real time. However, it is inadequate for such measurement and cannot be applied as it is.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明はこのような不都
合を解決することを目的とし、この発明のうちで、請求
項１記載の発明にあっては、計測領域の一方に配置され
発光素子を有する投光部と、計測領域の他方に配置され
受光素子を有する受光部と、該受光部からの出力信号を
増幅するプリアンプ部と、該投光部と受光部との間に形
成された計測領域内を通過する粒子による光量変化を計
測する信号処理部とを備えてなり、上記発光素子は広発
光スペクトル幅、低コヒーレンス特性及び高光出力をも
つスーパールミネッセントダイオードからなることを特
徴とする光学式飛雪・飛砂粒子粒径別連続自動計測装置
にある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is intended to solve such inconvenience, and in the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention, the light emitting element is arranged in one of the measurement regions. Is formed between the light emitting unit and the light receiving unit, the light receiving unit having a light receiving element arranged on the other side of the measurement region, the preamplifier unit for amplifying the output signal from the light receiving unit, And a signal processing unit for measuring a change in light amount due to particles passing through the measurement region, wherein the light emitting element is a superluminescent diode having a wide emission spectrum width, low coherence characteristics and high light output. It is in a continuous automatic measuring device for each particle size of optical snow and sand particles.
【０００５】又、請求項２記載の発明にあっては、上記
プリアンプ部として、単一電源計装アンプにピークホー
ルド回路を付属せしめてなるものが用いられていること
を特徴とするものであり、又、請求項３記載の発明にあ
っては、上記投光部には発光素子からの光線を平行光線
になすコリメータを付けたスーパールミネッセントダイ
オードが用いられると共に上記受光部は集光レンズ付フ
ォトダイオードからなることを特徴とするものであり、
又、請求項４記載の発明にあっては、上記受光素子の前
方に一個のスリットを有するスリット板を配置してなる
ことを特徴とするものである。Further, the invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, as the preamplifier section, a single power supply instrumentation amplifier to which a peak hold circuit is attached is used. In the invention according to claim 3, a super luminescent diode having a collimator for converting light rays from the light emitting element into parallel light rays is used in the light projecting section, and the light receiving section is a condensing lens. It is characterized by comprising a photodiode with
Further, the invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that a slit plate having one slit is arranged in front of the light receiving element.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明の実施の形態】図１乃至図８は本発明の実施の形
態例を示し、１は投光部、２は受光部であって、例えば
投光部１と受光部２とを２５ｍｍの離間距離をおいて対
向設置し、投光部１と受光部２との間に図２、図３中の
斜線部分としての計測領域Ｒを形成し、しかして投光部
１は計測領域Ｒの一方に配置され、受光部２は計測領域
Ｒの他方に配置され、計測領域Ｒの水平幅は２５ｍｍに
なる。1 to 8 show an embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a light projecting portion, 2 is a light receiving portion, and, for example, the light projecting portion 1 and the light receiving portion 2 are each 25 mm long. The measurement area R is formed between the light projecting portion 1 and the light receiving portion 2 as a shaded portion in FIGS. The light receiving unit 2 is arranged on one side and the light receiving unit 2 is arranged on the other side of the measurement region R, and the horizontal width of the measurement region R is 25 mm.
【０００７】この投光部１には発光素子３が内蔵され、
この発光素子３は、その発光部分の大きさが粒子Ｋの、
計測する最小粒径（＝数１０μｍ）に比べて充分に小さ
く（約１μｍ×０．５μｍ）、計測領域Ｒ内を通過する
粒子に対して実用上平行光線を発生し得る点光源が用い
られ、この場合発光素子３として、この条件を満たす、
広発光スペクトル幅、低コヒーレンス特性及び高光出力
をもつスーパールミネッセントダイオードが用いられて
おり、発光素子３は防滴ガラス４をもつケース５内にコ
リメータレンズ６と共に内蔵され、このコリメータを付
けたスーパールミネッセントダイオードにより平行光線
を投光するように構成されている。A light emitting element 3 is built in the light projecting section 1,
In the light emitting element 3, the size of the light emitting portion is particles K.
A point light source that is sufficiently smaller than the minimum particle size to be measured (= several tens of μm) (about 1 μm × 0.5 μm) and can practically generate parallel rays with respect to particles passing through the measurement region R is used. In this case, the light emitting element 3 satisfies this condition,
A super luminescent diode having a wide emission spectrum width, a low coherence characteristic and a high light output is used, and the light emitting element 3 is built in a case 5 having a drip-proof glass 4 together with a collimator lens 6, and this collimator is attached. It is configured to project parallel rays by a super luminescent diode.
【０００８】又、受光部２には受光素子７が内蔵され、
この場合受光素子７として、集光レンズ付ＰＩＮフォト
ダイオードが用いられ、かつ計測領域Ｒを通過した光の
すべてが受光素子７に検知され、受光素子７は防滴ガラ
ス８をもつケース９内に内蔵され、又、ケース９内にお
いて、受光素子７の前方に一個のスリット１０ａを有す
るスリット板１０が内蔵され、スリット１０ａは長さ
２．０ｍｍ×幅０．５ｍｍの長四角穴形状に形成され、
よって、計測領域Ｒの粒子通過方向に沿った断面は図４
の如く、高さＬ＝２．０ｍｍ×厚さＢ＝０．５ｍｍとな
る。Further, a light receiving element 7 is built in the light receiving section 2,
In this case, a PIN photodiode with a condenser lens is used as the light receiving element 7, and all the light that has passed through the measurement region R is detected by the light receiving element 7, and the light receiving element 7 is provided in a case 9 having a drip-proof glass 8. A slit plate 10 having one slit 10a is built in the case 9 in front of the light receiving element 7 in the case 9, and the slit 10a is formed in a rectangular hole shape having a length of 2.0 mm and a width of 0.5 mm. ,
Therefore, the cross section of the measurement region R along the particle passage direction is shown in FIG.
As described above, the height L is 2.0 mm and the thickness B is 0.5 mm.
【０００９】１２はプリアンプ部であって、この場合単
一電源計装アンプ１３にピークホールド回路１４を付属
せしめてなるものが用いられ、図５の如く、単一電源計
装アンプ１３は単一電源としてのプラス電源ＥSのみに
より動作する二個のオペアンプからなり、ここにＥBは
発光素子３による投射光により受光素子７に発生する直
流電圧及び周囲の外乱光により受光素子３に発生する低
周波雑音電圧で、信号から除去されるべき電圧成分であ
り、よって、同図中受光素子７により検出された信号の
パルス列が電圧ＥBに重塁した入力信号ＶINにおいて、
この入力信号ＶI Nを単一電源計装アンプ１３のリバース
入力とピークホールド回路１４に分岐して入力し、Ｖ
OUT＝（１＋Ｒ1／Ｒ2）（ＥB−ＶIN）＝Ｇ（ＥB−
ＶIN））なる出力信号ＶOUTを得るようにし、単一電源
計装アンプ１３においては、（ＥB≦ＶIN）の場合には
ＶOUT＝０で、出力信号ＶOUTが出力されず、（ＥB＞Ｖ
IN）の場合にのみＶOUTが出力されるため、信号である
パルス波形のみがオーバーシュートを伴うことなくＶ
OUTとして出力されるように構成している。Reference numeral 12 denotes a preamplifier unit, in which a single power supply instrumentation amplifier 13 with a peak hold circuit 14 attached is used. As shown in FIG. It is composed of two operational amplifiers which are operated only by the positive power source E S as a power source, where E B is generated in the light receiving element 3 by the DC voltage generated in the light receiving element 7 by the light projected by the light emitting element 3 and the ambient disturbance light. in the low-frequency noise voltage, a voltage component to be removed from the signal, thus, the input signal V iN pulse train of the signal detected by the light receiving element 7 in the figure is Jurui voltage E B,
The input signal V I N inputted to all reverse input and a peak hold circuit 14 of a single power-amp 13, V
OUT = (1 + R 1 / R 2 ) (E B −V IN ) = G (E B −
To obtain the V IN)) becomes the output signal V OUT, in single-supply instrumentation amplifier 13, at V OUT = 0 in the case of the (E B ≦ V IN), not output the output signal V OUT is, (E B > V
Since V OUT is output only in the case of ( IN ), only the pulse waveform that is the signal is V
It is configured to be output as OUT .
【００１０】１５は信号処理部であって、上記プリアン
プ部１２からの出力信号を増幅、パルスの波高値から粒
子の直径及び体積に換算する３／２乗演算、ピークホー
ルド、積算演算により粒子の粒径、粒径別計数及び粒径
別流量等を連続自動計測及び連続自動記録するように構
成されている。A signal processing unit 15 amplifies the output signal from the preamplifier unit 12, converts the peak value of the pulse into the diameter and volume of the particle, and performs a 3/2 power calculation, a peak hold, and an integration calculation of the particle. It is configured to continuously and automatically measure and continuously record the particle size, the particle count by particle size, the flow rate by particle size, and the like.
【００１１】図７は具体的構造例を示し、この場合筒状
の支持部材１６の下部に旋回部材１７を支持部材１６の
軸線を中心として水平旋回自在に配設し、この旋回部材
１７に投光部１及び受光部２を計測領域Ｒをはさんで対
設し、旋回部材１７に二枚の風向舵１８を配設し、地面
より立設された図示省略の取付枠に吊下部材１９を鉛直
方向に吊下垂設し、二枚の風向舵１８により旋回部材１
７を旋回させ、雪面に沿って又は地面に沿って粒子Ｋと
共に流れてくる風の方向Ｗに光軸Ｎが常に直交するよう
にして連続自動計測を行うように構成している。FIG. 7 shows a concrete structure example. In this case, a swivel member 17 is arranged below the cylindrical support member 16 so as to be horizontally swivelable about the axis of the support member 16 and is thrown to the swivel member 17. The light unit 1 and the light receiving unit 2 are placed opposite to each other across the measurement region R, two wind direction rudders 18 are disposed on the turning member 17, and the hanging member 19 is attached to a mounting frame (not shown) that is erected from the ground. Is vertically suspended, and the turning member 1 is provided by two wind direction rudders 18.
7 is turned so that the optical axis N is always orthogonal to the direction W of the wind that flows with the particles K along the snow surface or along the ground, and continuous automatic measurement is performed.
【００１２】この実施の形態例は上記構成であるから、
投光部１と受光部２との間に形成された計測領域Ｒ内を
風Ｗと共に粒子Ｋが通過すると受光部２により検出され
る光量に変化が生じ、この光量変化はプリアンプ部１２
により増幅され、信号処理部１５は光量変化を連続自動
計測し、粒子の粒径、計数及び流量等を連続的に演算し
て自動計測することになり、この際、上記発光素子３と
して、計測する粒子の大きさに比較して実用上十分な点
光源で高光出力のスーパールミネッセントダイオードが
用いられており、スーパールミネッセントダイオードは
その発光の波長が単一でなく、広発光スペクトル幅、低
コヒーレンス特性を有し、光の強さが略一様に分布して
いるため、レーザー光と大きく異なり、同心円状の干渉
波が現れることがなく、従って、巨大な粒子の衝突等に
よって、投光部１及び受光部２のそれぞれが光軸Ｎに直
交して多少振動しても、受光素子７の検出量が変化せ
ず、マイクロフォニック雑音の発生を無くすことがで
き、それだけ粒子の粒径の計測精度を高めることがで
き、粒子の粒径別計数及び粒径別流量等の飛雪・飛砂の
連続自動計測精度を向上することができる。Since this embodiment has the above configuration,
When the particles K together with the wind W pass through the measurement region R formed between the light projecting unit 1 and the light receiving unit 2, the amount of light detected by the light receiving unit 2 changes, and this change in the light amount changes.
The signal processing unit 15 continuously and automatically measures the change in the light amount and continuously calculates the particle size, the count, the flow rate, etc. of the particles, and at this time, the light emitting element 3 measures A superluminescent diode with a high light output is used with a point light source that is practically sufficient compared to the size of the particles to be emitted.The superluminescent diode is not a single emission wavelength and has a wide emission spectrum width. , It has low coherence characteristics and the intensity of light is distributed almost evenly, so it does not show concentric interference waves, which is very different from laser light. Therefore, due to the collision of huge particles, Even if each of the light projecting unit 1 and the light receiving unit 2 vibrates slightly orthogonal to the optical axis N, the detection amount of the light receiving element 7 does not change, and the occurrence of microphonic noise can be eliminated. The measurement accuracy can be enhanced, thereby improving the continuous automatic measurement accuracy of drifting snow-blown sand, such as grain 径別 counting and particle 径別 flow of the particles.
【００１３】またこの場合上記プリアンプ部１２とし
て、単一電源計装アンプ１３にピークホールド回路１４
を付属せしめてなるものを用いているため、計測光の照
射に伴う受光素子３の直流出力電圧及び外乱光等により
受光素子３に発生する低周波の雑音出力電圧を消去し、
かつ信号成分については、増幅に伴ういわゆるアンダー
シュートの発生が無くなり、このため信号対雑音比が高
くなると共に信号波形を正確に増幅することができ、例
えば周囲の外乱光による雑音を除去するために採用され
る交流アンプ回路或いはサーボアンプ回路等にあって
は、図８の如く、パルスの大きさに応じたマイナス側の
反動が生じ、いわゆるアンダーシュートＵが発生し、こ
のアンダーシュートＵにより具体的には大きな粒子が通
過すると、本来零レベルであるべき出力信号のベースラ
インが長期間マイナス側に移動し、その状態が回復しな
いうちに、次に通過する粒子の波高値Ｈは実際より低い
見掛けの値ｈとなってしまうが、このプリアンプ部１２
によれば、図６の如く、アンダーシュートが無いため、
信号の波高値の低下が生ぜず、直流入力及び低周波雑音
入力の消去機能と相俟って、一層連続自動計測精度を向
上することができる。In this case, as the preamplifier section 12, a single power supply instrumentation amplifier 13 and a peak hold circuit 14 are provided.
Since the one that is attached is used, the DC output voltage of the light receiving element 3 due to the irradiation of the measurement light and the low frequency noise output voltage generated in the light receiving element 3 due to the disturbance light are erased,
And for the signal component, so-called undershoot due to amplification disappears, so that the signal-to-noise ratio can be increased and the signal waveform can be accurately amplified. For example, in order to remove noise due to ambient disturbance light. In the adopted AC amplifier circuit or servo amplifier circuit, as shown in FIG. 8, a negative reaction occurs according to the magnitude of the pulse, so-called undershoot U occurs, and this undershoot U causes When a large particle passes through, the baseline of the output signal, which should originally be at zero level, moves to the negative side for a long period of time, and while that state is not recovered, the peak value H of the next particle that passes is apparently lower than it actually is. However, this preamplifier section 12
According to, there is no undershoot as shown in FIG.
The peak value of the signal is not lowered, and the continuous automatic measurement accuracy can be further improved in combination with the function of eliminating the DC input and the low frequency noise input.
【００１４】又、この場合上記投光部１には発光素子３
からの光線を平行光線になすコリメータを付けたスーパ
ールミネッセントダイオードが用いられていると共に上
記受光素子７は集光レンズ付フォトダイオードからなる
ため、投光部１から計測領域Ｒ内を通ってスリット板１
０に照射される光線は、計測する粒子の大きさに対して
実用上十分な平行光線であり、かつスリット１０ａを通
過した光の全てを受光素子７に受光することができ、よ
って光軸Ｎ方向及び軸直交方向に沿った感度差を無くす
ことができ、計測領域Ｒ内の通過位置による出力の変化
が無いため、計測精度を高めることができ、又、この場
合、受光素子７の前方に一個のスリット１０ａを有する
スリット板１０を配置しているから、二つのスリットを
用いるものに対して、計測領域の厚さがスリットの幅に
まで縮小され、計測領域Ｒを通過する粒子間の移動方向
に沿った水平距離の分解能をスリットの幅にまで向上す
ることができ、飛雪・飛砂粒子の計測において、複数の
粒子を単一の粒子として計測することを実用上無くする
ことができ、かつ光学系及び信号処理回路１５を簡素化
することができ、コスト低減を図ることができる。In this case, the light emitting element 3 is provided in the light projecting section 1.
Since a super luminescent diode with a collimator for making the light rays from the above into parallel light rays is used and the above-mentioned light receiving element 7 is composed of a photodiode with a condenser lens, it passes from the light projecting section 1 through the inside of the measurement region R. Slit plate 1
The light beam radiated to 0 is a parallel light beam that is practically sufficient for the size of the particle to be measured, and all the light beams that have passed through the slit 10a can be received by the light receiving element 7, and therefore the optical axis N Direction and the direction orthogonal to the axis can be eliminated, and since there is no change in the output due to the passing position in the measurement region R, the measurement accuracy can be improved, and in this case, in front of the light receiving element 7. Since the slit plate 10 having one slit 10a is arranged, the thickness of the measurement region is reduced to the width of the slit as compared with the one using two slits, and the movement between particles passing through the measurement region R is performed. The resolution of the horizontal distance along the direction can be improved to the width of the slit, and it is possible to practically eliminate the measurement of multiple particles as a single particle when measuring snow and sand particles. ,And It is possible to simplify the academic system and the signal processing circuit 15, the cost can be reduced.
【００１５】尚、本発明は上記実施の形態例に限定され
るものではなく、特に信号処理回路１５等は適宜改変し
て設計されるものである。The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and the signal processing circuit 15 and the like are designed by being modified appropriately.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の効果】本発明は上述の如く、請求項１記載の発
明にあっては、投光部と受光部との間に形成された計測
領域内を風と共に粒子が通過すると受光部により検出さ
れる光量に変化が生じ、この光量変化はプリアンプ部に
より増幅され、信号処理部は光量変化を連続自動計測
し、粒子の粒径、粒径別計数及び粒径別流量等を連続的
に演算して自動計測することになり、この際、上記発光
素子として、計測する粒子の大きさに比較して実用上十
分な点光源で高光出力のスーパールミネッセントダイオ
ードが用いられており、スーパールミネッセントダイオ
ードはその発光の波長が単一でなく、広発光スペクトル
幅、低コヒーレンス特性を有し、光の強さが略一様に分
布しているため、レーザー光と大きく異なり、同心円状
の干渉波が現れることがなく、従って、巨大な粒子の衝
突等によって、投光部及び受光部のそれぞれが光軸に直
交して多少振動しても、受光素子の検出量が変化せず、
マイクロフォニック雑音の発生を無くすことができ、そ
れだけ粒子の粒径の計測精度を高めることができ、粒子
の粒径別計数及び粒径別流量等の飛雪・飛砂の連続自動
計測精度を向上することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, in the invention described in claim 1, it is detected by the light receiving section that the particles together with the wind pass through the measurement region formed between the light projecting section and the light receiving section. A change in the amount of light generated occurs, and this change in the amount of light is amplified by the preamplifier, and the signal processing unit continuously and automatically measures the change in the amount of light and continuously calculates the particle size, particle size-specific count, particle size-specific flow rate, etc. In this case, as the light emitting element, a super luminescent diode with a high light output with a point light source that is practically sufficient compared to the size of the particle to be measured is used. Nesting diodes have a single emission wavelength, a wide emission spectrum width, low coherence characteristics, and light intensity is almost evenly distributed. Interference wave appears No, therefore, the collision of large particles, even if some vibration each of the light projecting unit and the light receiving portion is perpendicular to the optical axis, the detection amount of the light receiving element is not changed,
The generation of microphonic noise can be eliminated, the accuracy of particle size measurement can be improved, and the accuracy of continuous automatic measurement of snow and sand flying such as counting by particle size and flow rate by particle size can be improved. can do.
【００１７】また請求項２記載の発明にあっては、上記
プリアンプ部として、単一電源計装アンプにピークホー
ルド回路を付属せしめてなるものを用いているため、計
測光の照射に伴う受光素子の直流出力電圧及び外乱光に
より受光素子に発生する低周波の雑音出力電圧を消去
し、かつ信号成分については、増幅に伴ういわゆるアン
ダーシュートの発生が無く、このため信号対雑音比が高
くなると共に信号波形を正確に増幅することができ、一
層計測精度を向上することができる。Further, according to the invention of claim 2, since the preamplifier section is a single power supply instrumentation amplifier to which a peak hold circuit is attached, is used. Therefore, the light receiving element accompanying the irradiation of the measurement light is used. The low-frequency noise output voltage generated in the light receiving element due to the DC output voltage and the ambient light is eliminated, and so-called undershoot due to amplification does not occur in the signal component, so that the signal-to-noise ratio increases and The signal waveform can be accurately amplified, and the measurement accuracy can be further improved.
【００１８】又、請求項３記載の発明にあっては、投光
部には発光素子からの光線を平行光線になすコリメータ
を付けたスーパールミネッセントダイオードが用いられ
ていると共に上記受光素子は集光レンズ付フォトダイオ
ードからなるため、投光部から照射される計測領域内を
通過する光線は、計測する粒子の大きさに対して実用上
十分な平行光線であり、かつすべて受光素子に検知さ
れ、よって光軸方向及び軸直交方向に沿った感度差を無
くすことができ、このため計測精度を高めることがで
き、又、請求項４記載の発明にあっては、受光素子の前
方に一個のスリットを有するスリット板を配置している
から、二つのスリットを用いるものに対して、計測領域
の厚さがスリットの幅にまで縮小され、計測領域を通過
する粒子間の移動方向に沿った水平距離の分解能をスリ
ットの幅にまで向上することができ、飛雪飛砂粒子の計
測において、複数の粒子を単一の粒子として計測するこ
とを実用上なくすることができ、かつ光学系及び信号処
理回路を簡素化することができ、コスト低減を図ること
ができる。Further, in the invention according to claim 3, a super luminescent diode provided with a collimator for making a light beam from the light emitting element into a parallel light beam is used in the light projecting portion, and the light receiving element is Since it consists of a photodiode with a condenser lens, the light rays that pass through the measurement area from the light projection unit are parallel rays that are practically sufficient for the size of the particles to be measured, and all are detected by the light receiving element. Therefore, the difference in sensitivity along the optical axis direction and the direction orthogonal to the axis can be eliminated, so that the measurement accuracy can be improved. Further, in the invention according to claim 4, one sensor is provided in front of the light receiving element. Since the slit plate with the slits is arranged, the thickness of the measurement area is reduced to the width of the slit as compared with the one using two slits, and the moving direction between the particles passing through the measurement area. The resolution of the horizontal distance along the distance can be improved to the width of the slit, and it is possible to practically eliminate the measurement of multiple particles as a single particle in the measurement of snow flying sand particles, and The system and the signal processing circuit can be simplified, and the cost can be reduced.
【００１９】以上、所期の目的を充分達成することがで
きる。As described above, the intended purpose can be sufficiently achieved.
【図１】本発明の実施の形態例の全体系統ブロック図で
ある。FIG. 1 is an overall system block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の実施の形態例の部分説明図である。FIG. 2 is a partial explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の実施の形態例の部分説明斜視図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a partial explanatory perspective view of the embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の実施の形態例の計測領域の断面図であ
る。FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a measurement region according to the embodiment of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の実施の形態例のプリアンプ部の説明電
子回路図である。FIG. 5 is an explanatory electronic circuit diagram of a preamplifier unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
【図６】本発明の実施の形態例のプリアンプ部からの出
力パルス波形図である。FIG. 6 is an output pulse waveform diagram from the preamplifier unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】本発明の実施の形態例の具体例を示す斜視図で
ある。FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a specific example of the embodiment of the present invention.
【図８】従来例のプリアンプ部からの出力パルス波形図
である。FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of an output pulse from a preamplifier unit in a conventional example.
Ｒ 計測領域 Ｋ 粒子 １ 投光部 ２ 受光部 ３ 発光素子 ６ コリメータレンズ ７ 受光素子 １０ スリット板 １０ａ スリット １２ プリアンプ部 １３ 単一電源計装アンプ １４ ピークホールド回路 １５ 信号処理部 R measurement region K particle 1 light emitting unit 2 light receiving unit 3 light emitting element 6 collimator lens 7 light receiving element 10 slit plate 10a slit 12 preamplifier unit 13 single power supply instrumentation amplifier 14 peak hold circuit 15 signal processing unit
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成８年４月１８日[Submission date] April 18, 1996
【手続補正１】[Procedure amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】０００９[Correction target item name] 0009
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction contents]
【０００９】１２はプリアンプ部であって、この場合単
一電源計装アンプ１３にピークホールド回路１４を付属
せしめてなるものが用いられ、図５の如く、単一電源計
装アンプ１３は単一電源としてのプラス電源ＥＳのみに
より動作する二個のオペアンプからなり、ここにＥＢは
発光素子３による投射光により受光素子７に発生する直
流電圧及び周囲の外乱光により受光素子３に発生する低
周波雑音電圧で、信号から除去されるべき電圧成分であ
り、よって、同図中受光素子７により検出された信号の
パルス列が電圧ＥＢに重塁した入力信号ＶＩＮにおい
て、この入力信号ＶＩＮを単一電源計装アンプ１３のリ
バース入力とピークホールド回路１４に分岐して入力
し、ＶＯＵＴ＝（１＋Ｒ１／Ｒ２）（ＥＢ−ＶＩＮ）＝
Ｇ（ＥＢ−ＶＩＮ））なる出力信号ＶＯＵＴを得るよう
にし、単一電源計装アンプ１３においては、（ＥＢ≦Ｖ
ＩＮ）の場合にはＶＯＵＴ＝０で、出力信号ＶＯＵＴが
出力されず、（ＥＢ＞ＶＩＮ）の場合にのみＶＯＵＴが
出力されるため、信号であるパルス波形のみがアンダー
シュートを伴うことなくＶＯＵＴとして出力されるよう
に構成している。Reference numeral 12 denotes a preamplifier unit, in which a single power supply instrumentation amplifier 13 with a peak hold circuit 14 attached is used. As shown in FIG. consists two operational amplifier which operates only by the positive power source E S as a power supply, wherein the E B is generated in the light receiving element 3 by disturbance light DC voltage and ambient generated in the light receiving element 7 by the projection light from the light emitting element 3 in the low-frequency noise voltage, a voltage component to be removed from the signal, thus, the input signal V iN pulse train of the signal detected by the light receiving element 7 in the figure is Jurui voltage E B, the input signal V IN is branched and input to the reverse input of the single power supply instrumentation amplifier 13 and the peak hold circuit 14, and V OUT = (1 + R 1 / R 2 ) (E B −V IN ) =
An output signal V OUT of G (E B −V IN ) is obtained, and in the single power source instrumentation amplifier 13, (E B ≦ V
IN ), V OUT = 0, the output signal V OUT is not output, and V OUT is output only when (E B > V IN ), so only the pulse waveform that is the signal is under
It is configured to be output as V OUT without being accompanied by a shoot .
Claims (4)
する投光部と、計測領域の他方に配置され受光素子を有
する受光部と、該受光部からの出力信号を増幅するプリ
アンプ部と、該投光部と受光部との間に形成された計測
領域内を通過する粒子による光量変化を計測する信号処
理部とを備えてなり、上記発光素子は広発光スペクトル
幅、低コヒーレンス特性及び高光出力をもつスーパール
ミネッセントダイオードからなることを特徴とする光学
式飛雪・飛砂粒子粒径別連続自動計測装置。1. A light projecting section having a light emitting element arranged in one of the measurement areas, a light receiving section having a light receiving element arranged in the other of the measurement areas, and a preamplifier section for amplifying an output signal from the light receiving section. The light emitting device comprises a signal processing unit configured to measure a change in light amount due to particles passing through a measurement region formed between the light emitting unit and the light receiving unit, wherein the light emitting element has a wide emission spectrum width, a low coherence characteristic, and a high light emission. A continuous automatic measuring device for particle size of optical snow and sand particles, which consists of a super luminescent diode with output.
アンプにピークホールド回路を付属せしめてなるものが
用いられていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の光学式
飛雪・飛砂粒子粒径別連続自動計測装置。2. The optical snow flying / sandblasting particles according to claim 1, wherein the preamplifier section is a single power supply instrumentation amplifier with a peak hold circuit attached. Continuous automatic measuring device by diameter.
行光線になすコリメータを付けたスーパールミネッセン
トダイオードが用いられると共に上記受光部は集光レン
ズ付フォトダイオードからなることを特徴とする請求項
１又は２記載の光学式飛雪・飛砂粒子粒径別連続自動計
測装置。3. A super luminescent diode provided with a collimator for converting a light beam from a light emitting element into a parallel light beam is used for the light projecting unit, and the light receiving unit is a photodiode with a condenser lens. The continuous automatic measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the optical snow and sand particles are classified by particle size.
有するスリット板を配置してなることを特徴とする請求
項１乃至３記載の光学式飛雪・飛砂粒子粒径別連続自動
計測装置。4. A continuous automatic measuring device according to claim 1, wherein a slit plate having one slit is arranged in front of the light receiving element. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9566896A JPH09281252A (en) | 1996-04-17 | 1996-04-17 | Optical type continuous and automatic by-blown-snow/ sand-size measuring instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9566896A JPH09281252A (en) | 1996-04-17 | 1996-04-17 | Optical type continuous and automatic by-blown-snow/ sand-size measuring instrument |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09281252A true JPH09281252A (en) | 1997-10-31 |
Family
ID=14143885
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9566896A Pending JPH09281252A (en) | 1996-04-17 | 1996-04-17 | Optical type continuous and automatic by-blown-snow/ sand-size measuring instrument |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH09281252A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003121337A (en) * | 2001-08-07 | 2003-04-23 | Sysmex Corp | Apparatus and method for measuring particle size |
| JP2004260127A (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2004-09-16 | Brave Co Ltd | Infrared light introduction device and light-receiving component of infrared sensor |
| JP2008157765A (en) * | 2006-12-25 | 2008-07-10 | Ccs Inc | Weather measuring device |
| JP2009170635A (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-30 | Takenaka Electronic Industrial Co Ltd | Photoreceptor of transmission-typephotoelectric sensor |
| JP2010032557A (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2010-02-12 | Ccs Inc | Weather measurement apparatus |
| JP2010536042A (en) * | 2007-08-15 | 2010-11-25 | ウーハン・チャンホン・インスツルメンツ・カンパニー・リミテッド | Long-path atmospheric monitoring and measuring device |
-
1996
- 1996-04-17 JP JP9566896A patent/JPH09281252A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003121337A (en) * | 2001-08-07 | 2003-04-23 | Sysmex Corp | Apparatus and method for measuring particle size |
| JP2004260127A (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2004-09-16 | Brave Co Ltd | Infrared light introduction device and light-receiving component of infrared sensor |
| JP2008157765A (en) * | 2006-12-25 | 2008-07-10 | Ccs Inc | Weather measuring device |
| JP2010536042A (en) * | 2007-08-15 | 2010-11-25 | ウーハン・チャンホン・インスツルメンツ・カンパニー・リミテッド | Long-path atmospheric monitoring and measuring device |
| JP2009170635A (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-30 | Takenaka Electronic Industrial Co Ltd | Photoreceptor of transmission-typephotoelectric sensor |
| JP2010032557A (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2010-02-12 | Ccs Inc | Weather measurement apparatus |
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