JPH09257651A - Method for detecting damage of bearing - Google Patents
Method for detecting damage of bearingInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09257651A JPH09257651A JP8064661A JP6466196A JPH09257651A JP H09257651 A JPH09257651 A JP H09257651A JP 8064661 A JP8064661 A JP 8064661A JP 6466196 A JP6466196 A JP 6466196A JP H09257651 A JPH09257651 A JP H09257651A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- bearing
- outer ring
- inner ring
- reference value
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Testing Of Balance (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は軸受、殊に転がり軸
受の傷を検出する軸受の傷検出方法に関するものであ
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a bearing, and more particularly to a bearing flaw detection method for detecting flaws in a rolling bearing.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】内輪及び外輪と少なくとも一方が回転す
るこれら両輪に転接する転動体及び転動体を保持するリ
テーナとからなる軸受において、内輪と外輪と転動体の
いずれかに傷がある時、軸受を分解することなくいずれ
に傷があるかを検出することができるものとして、特公
平7−26942号公報に示されたものがある。2. Description of the Related Art In a bearing comprising an inner ring and an outer ring, at least one of which rotates, a rolling element rollingly contacting these two wheels and a retainer holding the rolling element, when the inner ring, the outer ring or the rolling element is damaged, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-26942 discloses a device capable of detecting which has a scratch without disassembling.
【0003】これは軸受にラジアル荷重を加えた状態で
内輪を回転させて、この時に生じる振動をセンサーで測
定し、得られた振動波形を包絡線処理の後に基準値と比
較して基準値を越えた時に損傷信号を出力させる。そし
て損傷信号の発生周期が内輪の回転周期(1/fr)も
しくは内輪の1点が転動体を通過する周期(1/f1)
に同期しているならば内輪に損傷があると判断し、ラジ
アル荷重が加えられている外輪の負荷圏を転動体が通過
する周期(1/f2)に上記発生周期が同期しているな
らば外輪に損傷があると判断し、更に上記発生周期がリ
テーナの回転周期(1/fc)に対して±1/2fcの
許容範囲内に入る場合には転動体に損傷があると判断す
るものである。This is because the inner ring is rotated with a radial load applied to the bearing, the vibration generated at this time is measured by a sensor, and the obtained vibration waveform is subjected to envelope processing and then compared with a reference value to obtain a reference value. A damage signal is output when it exceeds. The generation cycle of the damage signal is the rotation cycle of the inner ring (1 / fr) or the cycle at which one point on the inner ring passes the rolling element (1 / f1).
If it is in synchronism with the above, it is judged that the inner ring is damaged, and if the above-mentioned generation cycle is in synchronism with the cycle (1 / f2) in which the rolling element passes through the load zone of the outer ring to which the radial load is applied, It is judged that the outer ring is damaged, and if the above-mentioned generation cycle falls within the allowable range of ± 1 / 2fc with respect to the retainer rotation cycle (1 / fc), it is judged that the rolling elements are damaged. is there.
【0004】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】この場合、回転してい
る内輪の回転周期(1/fr)に対して、内輪の1点が
転動体を通過する周期(1/f1)が0.25倍より大
きい(fr/f1>0.25)時には、負荷圏において
最低一度しか振動が発生しないために、傷による振動発
生周期の特定ができないという問題を有しているほか、
傷とともに内外輪の変形を伴っている軸受においては、
fr/f1≦0.25であっても、振動が負荷圏におい
て一度も発生しない場合があるために、傷による振動発
生周期の特定ができないという問題を有している。In this case, the period (1 / f1) at which one point of the inner ring passes the rolling element is 0.25 times the rotational period (1 / fr) of the rotating inner ring. When it is larger (fr / f1> 0.25), vibration occurs at least once in the load zone, which causes a problem that the vibration generation cycle due to scratches cannot be specified.
In a bearing that is accompanied by deformation of the inner and outer rings along with scratches,
Even if fr / f1 ≦ 0.25, there is a problem that the vibration generation cycle due to scratches cannot be specified because the vibration may never occur in the load zone.
【0005】本発明はこのような点に鑑み為されたもの
であり、その目的とするところはどのような軸受に対し
ても傷のある部材の特定を行うことができる軸受の傷検
出方法を提供するにある。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a bearing flaw detection method capable of identifying a member having a flaw on any bearing. To provide.
【0006】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】しかして本発明は、内輪
または外輪を回転させている軸受で生じる振動をセンサ
ーで測定して得た振動波形を包絡線処理の後に周波数分
析して、回転する内輪または外輪の1点が転動体を通過
する周波数f1と、固定した外輪または内輪の1点が転
動体を通過する周波数f2と、転動体の1点が内輪及び
外輪に接触する周波数fbと、回転する内輪または外輪
の回転周波数frと、リテーナの回転周波数fcとに対
応する周波数での振幅値を基準値と比較することに特徴
を有している。周波数f1と周波数frとの比の値にか
かわらず、傷のある部材の特定を行うことができる。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, however, the vibration waveform obtained by measuring the vibration generated in the bearing in which the inner ring or the outer ring is rotated by a sensor is subjected to envelope processing, frequency analysis, and rotation. A frequency f1 at which one point of the inner ring or the outer ring passes the rolling element, a frequency f2 at which one point of the fixed outer ring or the inner ring passes the rolling element, and a frequency fb at which one point of the rolling element contacts the inner ring and the outer ring, It is characterized in that the amplitude value at the frequency corresponding to the rotation frequency fr of the rotating inner ring or outer ring and the rotation frequency fc of the retainer is compared with a reference value. It is possible to identify a member having a scratch regardless of the value of the ratio between the frequency f1 and the frequency fr.
【0007】基準値と比較する振幅値を抽出する周波数
として、回転する内輪または外輪の回転周波数frの
(n+1)倍(nは1以上の整数)の周波数、あるいは
リテーナの回転周波数fcの(n+1)倍の周波数と、
回転する内輪または外輪の回転周波数frとリテーナの
回転周波数fcの差fr−fcのn倍の周波数とを加え
るようにしてもよい。更には基準値と比較する振幅値を
抽出する周波数として、うなり成分であるf1±n×f
r、f2±n×fr、fb±n×fc、fb±n×(f
r−fc)の周波数を加えるようにしてもよい。The frequency for extracting the amplitude value to be compared with the reference value is (n + 1) times (n is an integer of 1 or more) the rotational frequency fr of the rotating inner or outer ring, or (n + 1) of the rotational frequency fc of the retainer. ) Double the frequency,
You may make it add the frequency of n times the difference fr-fc of the rotation frequency fr of the rotating inner ring or outer ring, and the rotation frequency fc of the retainer. Further, as a frequency for extracting an amplitude value to be compared with the reference value, a beat component f1 ± n × f
r, f2 ± n × fr, fb ± n × fc, fb ± n × (f
You may make it add the frequency of r-fc).
【0008】基準値と比較する振幅値を抽出する周波数
として、(n+1)×f1、(n+1)×f2、(n+
1)×fbの周波数を加えることも好ましい。比較にあ
たっては、抽出した複数の周波数での振幅値を評価式で
統合化して基準値と比較するようにしたり、抽出した複
数の周波数での振幅値を複数の評価式で統合化して基準
値と比較するようにしてもよい。傷位置別に評価式を作
成して基準値と比較したり、異常の種類別に評価式を作
成して基準値と比較してもよい。更には評価式の各要素
を変換式で変換して基準値と比較してもよい。抽出した
複数の周波数での振幅値を入力とし、傷位置を出力とす
る学習済みのニューラルネットを用いることも好まし
い。The frequencies for extracting the amplitude value to be compared with the reference value are (n + 1) × f1, (n + 1) × f2, (n +
It is also preferable to add a frequency of 1) × fb. When comparing, the extracted amplitude values at multiple frequencies are integrated with an evaluation formula to compare with a reference value, or the extracted amplitude values at multiple frequencies are integrated with multiple evaluation formulas and used as a reference value. You may make it compare. An evaluation formula may be created for each scratch position and compared with the reference value, or an evaluation formula may be created for each type of abnormality and compared with the reference value. Furthermore, each element of the evaluation formula may be converted by a conversion formula and compared with the reference value. It is also preferable to use a learned neural network that inputs the extracted amplitude values at a plurality of frequencies and outputs the scratch position.
【0009】そして本発明は、内輪または外輪を回転さ
せている軸受で生じる振動をセンサーで測定して得た振
動波形を基準値と比較し、基準値を越える振動の発生時
刻の時間的間隔を、回転する内輪または外輪の1点が転
動体を通過する周期1/f1の整数倍周期と、固定した
外輪または内輪の1点が転動体を通過する周期1/f2
の整数倍周期と、転動体の1点が内輪及び外輪に接触す
る周期1/fbの整数倍周期との各周期と比較すること
に別の特徴を有している。Further, according to the present invention, the vibration waveform obtained by measuring the vibration generated in the bearing rotating the inner ring or the outer ring with the sensor is compared with the reference value, and the time interval of the occurrence time of the vibration exceeding the reference value is determined. , A cycle in which one point of the rotating inner ring or outer ring passes the rolling element and an integral multiple of the cycle 1 / f1 and a cycle of one point of the fixed outer ring or inner ring passing the rolling element 1 / f2
Another feature is that it is compared with each cycle of an integral multiple cycle of 1 and the integer multiple cycle of 1 / fb in which one point of the rolling element contacts the inner ring and the outer ring.
【0010】この場合、基準値として、振幅が基準値を
越えてから所定時間内は基準値を越えた時の最大振動振
幅値を用いることが好ましい。振動の発生時刻の時間的
間隔パターンを、軸受の変形形状に応じて設定したパタ
ーンと比較することも好ましい。更には、振動の発生時
刻の時間的間隔パターンを入力とし、軸受の変形形状を
出力とする学習済みのニューラルネットを用いてもよ
い。In this case, it is preferable to use the maximum vibration amplitude value when the amplitude exceeds the reference value within a predetermined time after the amplitude exceeds the reference value. It is also preferable to compare the time interval pattern of the vibration occurrence time with the pattern set according to the deformed shape of the bearing. Furthermore, a learned neural network which inputs the time interval pattern of the vibration occurrence time and outputs the deformed shape of the bearing may be used.
【0011】振動の測定に際しては軸受にラジアル荷重
を加えた状態としておいてもよい。この時、固定輪とし
ている外輪または内輪を一定の角度毎に回転させて各角
度毎に振動測定を行ったり、固定輪としている外輪また
は内輪を、回転させている内輪または外輪と異なる回転
数で回転させつつ振動測定を行ってもよい。When measuring the vibration, a radial load may be applied to the bearing. At this time, the outer ring or inner ring that is the fixed ring is rotated at a fixed angle and vibration is measured at each angle, or the outer ring or the inner ring that is the fixed ring is rotated at a different rotational speed from the inner ring or the outer ring that is rotating. Vibration measurement may be performed while rotating.
【0012】[0012]
【発明の実施の形態】図2において、外輪10と内輪1
1及びリテーナ(図示せず)で保持されて外輪10と内
輪11とに転接する複数個の転動体12とからなる軸受
1は、その外輪10が固定されているとともに内輪11
がモータ2に接続されており、さらに外輪10には振動
センサー3が取り付けられている。モータ2によって内
輪11を回転させている時の軸受1の振動を振動センサ
ー3にて検出する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In FIG. 2, an outer ring 10 and an inner ring 1 are shown.
1 and a plurality of rolling elements 12 which are held by a retainer (not shown) and are in rolling contact with the outer ring 10 and the inner ring 11, the outer ring 10 is fixed and the inner ring 11 is fixed.
Is connected to the motor 2, and a vibration sensor 3 is attached to the outer ring 10. The vibration sensor 3 detects the vibration of the bearing 1 when the inner ring 11 is rotated by the motor 2.
【0013】そして得られた振動波形について、図1に
示すように、まず包絡線処理を行い、次いでフーリエ変
換によって周波数分析を行うことで次の5つの周波数の
振幅を抽出する。すなわち、回転する内輪11の1点が
転動体12を通過する周波数f1と、固定した外輪10
の1点が転動体12を通過する周波数f2と、転動体1
2の1点が内輪11及び外輪10に接触する周波数fb
と、回転する内輪の回転周波数frと、リテーナの回転
周波数(転動体12の公転周波数)fcでの振幅を抽出
する。なお、これら周波数はモータ2による内輪11の
回転数によって変化するが、この回転数はエンコーダ等
により実測するのが好ましい。As shown in FIG. 1, the obtained vibration waveform is first subjected to envelope processing and then frequency analysis by Fourier transform to extract the amplitudes of the following five frequencies. That is, the frequency f1 at which one point of the rotating inner ring 11 passes through the rolling element 12, and the fixed outer ring 10
Frequency f2 at which one point passes through the rolling element 12 and the rolling element 1
Frequency fb at which one point of 2 contacts inner ring 11 and outer ring 10
Then, the amplitude at the rotation frequency fr of the rotating inner ring and the rotation frequency fc of the retainer (revolution frequency of the rolling element 12) are extracted. Although these frequencies change depending on the number of rotations of the inner ring 11 by the motor 2, it is preferable to actually measure the number of rotations with an encoder or the like.
【0014】そしてこれら各周波数の振幅値を夫々基準
値と比較し、いずれも基準値以下であれば軸受に異常無
しと判断し、前3者の接触周波数f1,f2,fbのう
ちの回転する内輪11の1点が転動体12を通過する周
波数f1での振幅値が基準値を越える場合は内輪11に
傷があると判断し、固定した外輪10の1点が転動体1
2を通過する周波数f2での振幅値が基準値を越える場
合は外輪10に傷があると判断し、転動体12の1点が
内輪11及び外輪10に接触する周波数fbでの振幅値
が基準値を越える場合は転動体12に傷があると判断す
る。Then, the amplitude value of each of these frequencies is compared with a reference value respectively, and if all are less than the reference value, it is judged that there is no abnormality in the bearing, and the contact frequency f1, f2, fb of the former three rotates. When the amplitude value at the frequency f1 at which one point on the inner ring 11 passes the rolling element 12 exceeds the reference value, it is determined that the inner ring 11 is damaged, and one point on the fixed outer ring 10 is the rolling element 1.
When the amplitude value at the frequency f2 that passes 2 exceeds the reference value, it is determined that the outer ring 10 is damaged, and the amplitude value at the frequency fb at which one point of the rolling element 12 contacts the inner ring 11 and the outer ring 10 is the reference value. If it exceeds the value, it is determined that the rolling element 12 has a scratch.
【0015】また残る2つの回転周波数fr,fcのう
ち、回転する内輪11の回転周波数frでの振幅値が基
準値を越える場合には外輪10に傷があると同時に内輪
11に変形があると判断するものであり、リテーナの回
転周波数fcでの振幅値が基準値を越える場合には転動
体12に傷があると同時に内輪11に変形があると判断
するのである。Of the remaining two rotation frequencies fr and fc, when the amplitude value of the rotating inner ring 11 at the rotation frequency fr exceeds the reference value, the outer ring 10 is damaged and the inner ring 11 is deformed at the same time. When the amplitude value of the retainer at the rotation frequency fc exceeds the reference value, it is determined that the rolling element 12 is damaged and the inner ring 11 is deformed at the same time.
【0016】この場合、回転周波数frと接触周波数f
1との比がどのような値の軸受1であっても傷の検出及
び特定が可能であり、しかも固定された外輪10や回転
する内輪11の変形は、接触周波数f1,f2,fb等
で発生する衝撃波形を回転周波数fr,fcで振幅変調
したかたちで現れるために、回転周波数fr,fcの振
幅値を抽出することで変形異常を伴う不良の検出も可能
となっているものである。ここでは外輪10を固定し、
内輪11を回転させるものについて説明したが、内輪1
1を固定し、外輪10を回転させるとともにこの外輪1
0の回転周波数をfrとすることで軸受1の傷検出を上
記と同様に行うことができる。In this case, the rotation frequency fr and the contact frequency f
The scratches can be detected and specified regardless of the value of the ratio of the bearing 1 to 1 and the deformation of the fixed outer ring 10 and the rotating inner ring 11 depends on the contact frequencies f1, f2, fb, etc. Since the generated shock waveform appears in the form of amplitude-modulated with the rotation frequencies fr and fc, it is possible to detect a defect accompanied by deformation abnormality by extracting the amplitude value of the rotation frequencies fr and fc. Here, the outer ring 10 is fixed,
The inner ring 1 has been described as rotating the inner ring 11.
1 is fixed, the outer ring 10 is rotated, and the outer ring 1
By setting the rotational frequency of 0 to fr, the flaw detection of the bearing 1 can be performed in the same manner as above.
【0017】図3及び図4に他例を示す。ここでは軸受
1の内輪11を固定軸40で固定し、外輪10の外周に
固着したプーリ41とモータ2の出力軸に取り付けたプ
ーリ42との間にベルト43を架け渡して、外輪10を
回転させることができるようにしてある。振動センサー
3は上記固定軸40を備えた取付台44に取り付けてあ
る。Another example is shown in FIGS. Here, the inner ring 11 of the bearing 1 is fixed by a fixed shaft 40, and a belt 43 is bridged between a pulley 41 fixed to the outer periphery of the outer ring 10 and a pulley 42 attached to the output shaft of the motor 2 to rotate the outer ring 10. I am able to let you do it. The vibration sensor 3 is attached to a mount 44 having the fixed shaft 40.
【0018】このものにおいても上記の場合と同様にし
て軸受1の傷検出を行うのであるが、軸受1にはベルト
43によってラジアル方向の荷重Fが付与されているこ
とになる。この時、軸受1におけるラジアル隙間は上記
ラジアル方向荷重Fのために荷重が大で小さくなってい
るエリアA1(図4中の軸受1の右半分)と荷重が小で
大きくなっているエリアA2(図4中の軸受1の左半
分)とが生じる。そして軸受1に傷が存在していても、
ラジアル隙間が大きいエリアA2では傷と他の部分との
接触が弱いか接触しないために衝撃波形は殆ど見られ
ず、逆にラジアル隙間が小さいエリアA1では相対的に
大きい振幅の衝撃波形が見られることになる。Even in this case, the damage of the bearing 1 is detected in the same manner as in the above case, but the load F in the radial direction is applied to the bearing 1 by the belt 43. At this time, the radial gap in the bearing 1 is an area A1 where the load is large and small due to the radial load F (right half of the bearing 1 in FIG. 4) and an area A2 where the load is small and large ( The left half of the bearing 1 in FIG. 4) occurs. And even if there are scratches on the bearing 1,
In the area A2 where the radial gap is large, almost no impact waveform is seen due to weak or no contact between the scratch and other parts, and conversely, the impact waveform having a relatively large amplitude is seen in the area A1 where the radial gap is small. It will be.
【0019】従って回転する外輪10に傷がある軸受1
では図5に示すように外輪10の回転周波数frで振幅
変調されたものとなり、固定された内輪11に傷がある
軸受1では図6に示すようにラジアル方向荷重Fの方向
に対する傷位置の角度θ(図6(a)はθ=0°、(b)はθ
=90°または270°、(c)はθ=180°)によっ
て異なった振幅のものとなり、転動体12に傷がある軸
受1では図7に示すようにリテーナの回転周波数fcで
振動波形が振幅変調されたものとなる。Therefore, the bearing 1 in which the rotating outer ring 10 is damaged
Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the amplitude is modulated by the rotation frequency fr of the outer ring 10, and the bearing 1 having a flaw in the fixed inner ring 11 has an angle of the flaw position with respect to the direction of the radial load F as shown in FIG. θ (θ = 0 ° in Fig. 6 (a), θ in Fig. 6 (b)
= 90 ° or 270 °, (c) has different amplitudes depending on θ = 180 °), and in the bearing 1 in which the rolling element 12 has a flaw, the vibration waveform has an amplitude at the rotation frequency fc of the retainer as shown in FIG. It will be modulated.
【0020】このために、前記各周波数f1,f2,f
b,fr,fcでの振幅値と基準値との比較を行うにあ
たり、周波数f1または周波数frの振幅値が基準値を
越えた場合には回転する外輪10に傷があるとし、周波
数f2の振幅値が基準値を越えた場合には固定された内
輪11に傷があるとし、周波数fbまたは周波数fcの
振幅値が基準値を越えた場合には転動体12に傷がある
と判断すればよく、更に固定された内輪11については
その傷位置とラジアル方向荷重Fの方向との関係から、
内輪11を一定の角度毎に360°回転させて各角度θ
毎に振動測定を行うものとし、最大振幅値を記録した角
度θでの周波数f2の振幅値を基準値と比較する。この
作業を効率的に行うには、回転させている外輪10と異
なる回転数で内輪11を回転させつつ振動測定を行えば
よい。そして周波数分析に際しては、回転させた内輪1
1を固定したものと見做すことができるように、内輪1
1の回転周波数をfin(回転させている外輪10と同
方向の回転を正方向とする)とすると、各周波数f1,
f2,fb,fr,fcに代えて、f1×(fr−fi
n)/fr,f2×(fr−fin)/fr,fb×
(fr−fin)/fr,fr−fin,fc×(fr
−fin)/frの周波数の振幅を抽出する。なお、外
輪10を固定し、内輪11をモータ2で回転させる場合
においても同様に傷の検出を行うことができる。For this reason, the frequencies f1, f2, f
In comparing the amplitude values at b, fr, and fc with the reference value, if the amplitude value of the frequency f1 or the frequency fr exceeds the reference value, it is assumed that the outer ring 10 that is rotating has a scratch, and the amplitude of the frequency f2 is If the value exceeds the reference value, it may be determined that the fixed inner ring 11 is damaged, and if the amplitude value of the frequency fb or the frequency fc exceeds the reference value, the rolling element 12 may be damaged. For the further fixed inner ring 11, from the relationship between the flaw position and the direction of the radial load F,
Rotate the inner ring 11 by 360 ° at a constant angle to obtain each angle θ.
The vibration measurement is performed every time, and the amplitude value of the frequency f2 at the angle θ at which the maximum amplitude value is recorded is compared with the reference value. In order to efficiently perform this work, vibration measurement may be performed while rotating the inner ring 11 at a rotation speed different from the rotating outer ring 10. Then, for frequency analysis, the rotated inner ring 1
Inner ring 1 so that it can be considered that 1 is fixed
If the rotation frequency of 1 is fin (the rotation in the same direction as the outer ring 10 that is rotating is the positive direction), each frequency f1,
Instead of f2, fb, fr, and fc, f1 × (fr-fi
n) / fr, f2 × (fr-fin) / fr, fb ×
(Fr-fin) / fr, fr-fin, fc * (fr
-Fin) / fr The frequency amplitude is extracted. Even when the outer ring 10 is fixed and the inner ring 11 is rotated by the motor 2, it is possible to detect the scratch in the same manner.
【0021】外輪10や内輪11が歪んでいたり変形し
ていたりする場合を考慮するならば、図8に示すよう
に、振幅を抽出する周波数として、前記f1,f2,f
b,fr,fcのほかに、周波数(n+1)×fr(n
は1以上の整数)も用いるとよい。この周波数(n+
1)×frの振動は、回転する外輪10または内輪11
が真円に近い場合には殆ど現れないが、たとえば図9に
示すように回転する外輪10の3カ所が歪んでいる場合
には、固定された内輪11の傷による振動波形は、図1
0に示すように3×frの周波数で振動波形が振幅変調
される。従って周波数(n+1)×frの振幅を抽出し
て基準値と比較することで、固定された内輪11あるい
は外輪10に傷があり且つ回転する外輪10あるいは内
輪11に変形が存在する軸受1について、これを検出す
ることができるとともに傷と変形の存在を指摘すること
ができる。If the outer ring 10 and the inner ring 11 are distorted or deformed, as shown in FIG. 8, the frequencies for extracting the amplitude are f1, f2, f
In addition to b, fr, and fc, the frequency (n + 1) × fr (n
Is preferably an integer of 1 or more). This frequency (n +
1) xfr vibration is generated by rotating outer ring 10 or inner ring 11
When the rotating outer ring 10 is distorted at three points as shown in FIG. 9, the vibration waveform due to the scratches on the fixed inner ring 11 is as shown in FIG.
As shown in 0, the vibration waveform is amplitude-modulated at a frequency of 3 × fr. Therefore, by extracting the amplitude of the frequency (n + 1) × fr and comparing it with the reference value, the bearing 1 in which the fixed inner ring 11 or outer ring 10 is damaged and the rotating outer ring 10 or inner ring 11 is deformed, This can be detected and the presence of scratches and deformations can be pointed out.
【0022】同様に、周波数(n+1)×fc及びn×
(fr−fc)の振幅も抽出して基準値と比較するよう
にすれば、転動体12に傷があり且つ固定された内輪1
1あるいは外輪10に変形が存在する軸受1及び転動体
12に傷があり且つ回転する外輪10あるいは内輪11
に変形が存在する軸受1について、その傷と変形とを検
出することができる。Similarly, frequencies (n + 1) × fc and n ×
If the amplitude of (fr-fc) is also extracted and compared with the reference value, the inner ring 1 in which the rolling element 12 is damaged and is fixed
1 or outer ring 10 is deformed Bearing 1 and rolling element 12 are damaged and outer ring 10 or inner ring 11 is rotating
It is possible to detect the scratch and the deformation of the bearing 1 having the deformation.
【0023】さらに基準値と比較する振幅値を抽出する
周波数として、うなり波形成分であるf1±n×fr、
f2±n×fr、fb±n×fc、fb±n×(fr−
fc)の周波数を加えるならば、更に高精度な傷及び変
形の検出を行うことができる。また、複数の傷がある場
合を考慮するならば、基準値と比較する振幅値を抽出す
る周波数として、(n+1)×f1、(n+1)×f
2、(n+1)×fbの周波数を加えるとよい。複数の
傷が存在する場合でも、回転する外輪10に傷があれば
接触周波数f1に、固定された内輪11に傷があれば接
触周波数f2に、転動体12に傷があれば接触周波数f
bにその影響が現れるために傷の検出ができるが、2カ
所の傷がそれぞれの接触周波数に対してπラジアン離れ
て存在している場合、それぞれ2×f1,2×f2,2
×fbの周波数に影響が現れるものの、周波数f1,f
2,fbには現れなくなってしまうからである。Further, as a frequency for extracting an amplitude value to be compared with the reference value, a beat waveform component f1 ± n × fr,
f2 ± n × fr, fb ± n × fc, fb ± n × (fr−
If the frequency fc) is applied, it is possible to detect scratches and deformations with higher accuracy. Further, when considering the case where there are a plurality of flaws, the frequencies for extracting the amplitude value to be compared with the reference value are (n + 1) × f1 and (n + 1) × f.
2, it is advisable to add a frequency of (n + 1) × fb. Even if a plurality of scratches are present, the contact frequency f1 is obtained if the rotating outer ring 10 is damaged, the contact frequency f2 is obtained if the fixed inner ring 11 is damaged, and the contact frequency f is obtained if the rolling element 12 is damaged.
Since the influence appears in b, the flaw can be detected. However, when two flaws exist at a distance of π radian for each contact frequency, 2 × f1, 2 × f2, 2
Although the frequency of × fb appears, the frequencies f1 and f
2, it will not appear in fb.
【0024】次に、前記の各周波数での振幅値p1,p
2…pnの基準値との比較にあたっては、周波数毎に基
準値を設定して比較するのではなく、複数の振幅値p
1,p2…pnを統合化した総合的な評価式E(p1,
p2…pn)の値で比較するようにしてもよい。たとえ
ばすべての周波数の振幅値p1,p2…pnを要素とす
るベクトルを考えて、そのベクトルの大きさ、つまりは
各要素の2乗和の平方根の値を評価式として基準値とし
て比較するのである。この時、ベクトルの各要素を変換
式によって変換し、変換後要素からなるベクトルの大き
さを評価式として基準値と比較することにより、各要素
の基準化や重み付けを行うことができるために、更に高
精度な傷や変形の検出が可能となる。この時の係数は、
例えば基準となる複数の軸受の振動から得られた各周波
数振幅値の分布(平均値や標準偏差)によって被検査軸
受の周波数振幅値を pa’=(pa−AVGpa)/STDpa pa’:基準化周波数振幅値 pa :周波数振幅値 AVGpa:基準軸受の周波数振幅値paの平均値 STDpa:基準軸受の周波数振幅値paの標準偏差値 で基準化すればよい。Next, the amplitude values p1 and p at each of the above frequencies
In comparing with the reference value of 2 ... pn, the reference value is not set for each frequency and compared, but a plurality of amplitude values p
1, p2 ... pn integrated evaluation formula E (p1,
You may make it compare by the value of p2 ... pn). For example, considering a vector having amplitude values p1, p2, ... Pn of all frequencies as elements, the magnitude of the vector, that is, the square root value of the sum of squares of each element is compared as a reference value as an evaluation formula. . At this time, each element of the vector is converted by the conversion formula, and by comparing the size of the vector after the conversion with the reference value as the evaluation formula, it is possible to perform standardization and weighting of each element, Further, it becomes possible to detect scratches and deformations with higher accuracy. The coefficient at this time is
For example, the frequency amplitude value of the bearing to be inspected is pa '= (pa-AVGpa) / STDpa pa': normalization based on the distribution (average value or standard deviation) of each frequency amplitude value obtained from the vibration of a plurality of reference bearings. Frequency amplitude value pa: Frequency amplitude value AVGpa: Average value of frequency amplitude value pa of the reference bearing STDpa: Standard deviation value of frequency amplitude value pa of the reference bearing
【0025】抽出した複数の周波数での振幅値(p1,
p2…pi,pi+1,pi+2…pm,pm+1,p
m+2,…pn)を複数の評価式 E1(p1,p2…pi) E2(pi+1,pi+2…pm) E3(pm+1,pm+2…pn) で統合化して、これら評価式の値を基準値と比較するな
らば、単一の評価式では得られない評価結果を得ること
ができる。Amplitude values (p1,
p2 ... pi, pi + 1, pi + 2 ... pm, pm + 1, p
m + 2, ... pn) are integrated by a plurality of evaluation formulas E1 (p1, p2 ... pi) E2 (pi + 1, pi + 2 ... pm) E3 (pm + 1, pm + 2 ... pn), and the values of these evaluation formulas are compared with a reference value. Then, it is possible to obtain an evaluation result that cannot be obtained by a single evaluation formula.
【0026】そして複数の評価式の作成にあたり、第1
の評価式では軸受の傷や変形により発生する基本周波
数、たとえばf1,f2,fb,n×fr,n×fc,
n×(fr−fc)の振幅値を統合化し、第2の評価式
では軸受の傷や変形により発生する振幅変調成分の周波
数、たとえばf1±n×fr、f2±n×fr、fb±
n×fc、fb±n×(fr−fc)の振幅値を統合化
すると、第1の評価式において軸受の良/不良/要チェ
ックに大別し、要チェックの軸受についてのみ第2の評
価式で高精度な検査を行うというような異常検出精度の
調整を行うことができる。When creating a plurality of evaluation formulas, the first
In the evaluation formula of, the fundamental frequency generated by the damage or deformation of the bearing, for example, f1, f2, fb, n × fr, n × fc,
The amplitude value of n × (fr−fc) is integrated, and in the second evaluation formula, the frequency of the amplitude modulation component generated by the scratch or deformation of the bearing, for example, f1 ± n × fr, f2 ± n × fr, fb ±
When the amplitude values of n × fc and fb ± n × (fr−fc) are integrated, bearings are roughly classified into good / defective / necessary check of the bearing in the first evaluation formula, and the second evaluation only for the bearing of check required. It is possible to adjust the abnormality detection accuracy such as performing a highly accurate inspection using a formula.
【0027】このほか、第1の評価式では回転する外輪
(または内輪)の傷により発生する周波数、たとえばf
1,n×fr,f1±n×frの振幅値を統合化し、第
2の評価式では固定された内輪(または外輪)の傷によ
り発生する周波数、たとえばf2,n×fr,f2±n
×frの振幅値を統合化し、更に第3の評価式で転動体
の傷により発生する周波数、つまりfb,n×fc,f
b±n×(fr−fc)の振幅値を統合化すれば、傷位
置の特定を高精度に行うことができるものとなり、更に
は異常の種類別に評価式を作成すれば、つまり第1の評
価式で各部の傷により発生する周波数f1,f2,fb
の振幅値を統合化し、第2の評価式で各部の変形により
発生する周波数n×fr,n×fc,n×(fr−f
c)の振幅値を統合化すれば、異常原因の特定を高精度
に行うことができるものとなる。In addition to the above, in the first evaluation formula, the frequency generated by the scratch on the rotating outer ring (or inner ring), for example, f
1, n × fr, f1 ± n × fr are integrated, and in the second evaluation formula, a frequency generated by a scratch on the fixed inner ring (or outer ring), for example, f2, n × fr, f2 ± n
The amplitude value of × fr is integrated, and the frequency generated by the scratch of the rolling element by the third evaluation formula, that is, fb, n × fc, f
If the amplitude values of b ± n × (fr−fc) are integrated, it becomes possible to specify the scratch position with high accuracy. Furthermore, if an evaluation formula is created for each type of abnormality, that is, the first Frequencies f1, f2, fb generated by scratches on each part in the evaluation formula
Are integrated, and the frequencies n × fr, n × fc, and n × (fr−f generated by the deformation of each part in the second evaluation formula are integrated.
By integrating the amplitude values of c), the cause of the abnormality can be specified with high accuracy.
【0028】ここにおいて、基準値の設定は標準偏差値
の3倍とする等の統計的な手法で行えばよいが、この場
合、基準レベルをどこに設定すれば最適となるかを実験
的に繰り返し行うことが必要となり、多大な手間と時間
がかかる。このために図11に示すような各周波数の振
幅値を入力とし、傷位置を出力として傷の有無や傷位置
の特定及び変形について学習させたニューラルネットを
用いると、容易に最適基準値の設定を行うことができ
る。Here, the reference value may be set by a statistical method such as three times the standard deviation value. In this case, the optimum setting of the reference level is repeatedly empirically repeated. It is necessary to do so, and it takes a lot of time and effort. For this purpose, when an amplitude value of each frequency as shown in FIG. 11 is input, and a flaw position is output, a neural net that has learned about the presence or absence of a flaw and the identification and deformation of the flaw position is used to easily set the optimum reference value. It can be performed.
【0029】図12に示すように、振動センサー3から
の振動波形を包絡線処理した後、周波数分析することな
く基準値と比較して基準値の超過時刻を求め、超過した
時刻の時間的間隔(図13のt1,t2,t3)を次の
3つの周期と比較することによっても傷位置の特定を行
うことができる。すなわち回転する内輪の1点が転動体
を通過する周期1/f1の整数倍周期n/f1に上記時
間的間隔が一致すれば回転する内輪に傷があり、固定し
た外輪の1点が転動体を通過する周期1/f2の整数倍
周期n/f2に上記時間的間隔が一致すれば外輪に傷が
あり、転動体の1点が内輪及び外輪に接触する周期1/
fbの整数倍周期n/fbに上記時間的間隔が一致すれ
ば転動体に傷があると判定し、また該当する周期が無け
れば非定常振動であるので軸受内への異物混入不良等と
判定するのである。As shown in FIG. 12, after the vibration waveform from the vibration sensor 3 is envelope-processed, it is compared with the reference value without frequency analysis to find the time when the reference value is exceeded, and the time interval between the exceeded times is calculated. The scratch position can also be specified by comparing (t1, t2, t3 in FIG. 13) with the following three cycles. That is, if one point of the rotating inner ring passes through the rolling element and is equal to an integer multiple cycle n / f1 of the cycle 1 / f1, the rotating inner ring is damaged, and one point of the fixed outer ring is rolling element. If the time interval matches the cycle n / f2, which is an integer multiple of the cycle 1 / f2, the outer ring is damaged and one point of the rolling element contacts the inner ring and the outer ring.
If the time interval matches the integer multiple cycle of fb, n / fb, it is determined that the rolling element has scratches. If there is no corresponding cycle, it is unsteady vibration, so it is determined that foreign matter is not mixed into the bearing. To do.
【0030】このように判定する場合、軸受各部の傷と
共に、内輪あるいは外輪が変形している不良も検出する
ことができる。内輪あるいは外輪が変形している場合、
傷による衝撃振動波形にうなりを生じさせることになる
ために、一定の振幅の衝撃波形が一定の周期で現れるこ
とがなくなって、図13に示すように非周期波形とな
り、前記周波数分析による分析手法では各部の接触周波
数f1,f2,fbに影響が現れにくく、分析が困難と
なるが、軸受各部の接触周期の整数倍周期n/f1,n
/f2,n/fbとの比較を行うことでこれに対処する
ことができる。In the case of making such a judgment, it is possible to detect a defect in which the inner ring or the outer ring is deformed, as well as the scratches on each part of the bearing. If the inner ring or outer ring is deformed,
Since the shock vibration waveform due to the scratches causes a beat, the shock waveform having a constant amplitude does not appear in a constant cycle and becomes an aperiodic waveform as shown in FIG. In this case, the contact frequencies f1, f2, fb of each part are less likely to be affected and the analysis becomes difficult, but an integral multiple of the contact cycle of each part of the bearing n / f1, n
This can be dealt with by making a comparison with / f2 and n / fb.
【0031】ここで時間的間隔を定めるための基準値超
過時刻であるが、図14に示すような振動波形の場合、
単に予め設定した基準値s0だけを用いたのではある衝
撃振動波形について複数の基準値超過時刻が検出されて
しまうために、基準値を超過した時点T1でその時の立
ち上がりの最大振幅値を新たな基準値s1とし、一定時
間t内にその基準値を再度超過したならばその時T2の
立ち上がり波形の最大振幅値を再度新たな基準値s2と
するとともに基準値超過時刻をT1からT2に更新する
ということを繰り返し、最後の基準値超過時刻T3から
一定時間t内に基準値s3を超過することがない場合に
は、基準値超過時刻をT3に確定するとともに基準値を
初期値s0に戻すことを行う。これによってある衝撃振
動波形について単一の基準値超過時刻を得ることができ
る。Here, it is the reference value exceeded time for determining the time interval, but in the case of the vibration waveform as shown in FIG.
Since only a preset reference value s0 is used, a plurality of reference value excess times are detected for a certain shock vibration waveform. Therefore, at the time T1 when the reference value is exceeded, the maximum amplitude value of the rising at that time is updated. If the reference value is set to s1 and the reference value is again exceeded within a certain time t, then the maximum amplitude value of the rising waveform of T2 is set to the new reference value s2 again and the reference value exceeded time is updated from T1 to T2. When the reference value s3 is not exceeded within the fixed time t after the last reference value excess time T3, the reference value excess time is set to T3 and the reference value is returned to the initial value s0. To do. This makes it possible to obtain a single reference value excess time for a given shock vibration waveform.
【0032】また、変形形状によって衝撃振動波形に重
畳されるうなりの周期が異なると、前記時間的間隔t
1,t2,t3のパターンも異なってくる。このために
時間的間隔パターンを軸受の変形形状に応じて予め設定
したパターンと比較すれば、変形形状の検出を行うこと
ができる。そして図15に示すように変形形状と時間的
間隔パターンとにより学習させたニューラルネットを設
けて、該ニューラルネットに時間的間隔パターンを入力
すれば軸受の変形形状を出力するようにしておけば、各
変形形状に対するパターンの設定が容易となる。Further, when the cycle of the beat superimposed on the shock vibration waveform differs depending on the deformed shape, the time interval t
The patterns of 1, t2 and t3 are also different. Therefore, if the time interval pattern is compared with a preset pattern according to the deformed shape of the bearing, the deformed shape can be detected. Then, as shown in FIG. 15, if a neural network that is trained by the deformed shape and the time interval pattern is provided and the time interval pattern is input to the neural network, the deformed shape of the bearing is output. It becomes easy to set a pattern for each deformed shape.
【0033】[0033]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明においては、軸受で
生じる振動をセンサーで測定して得た振動波形を包絡線
処理の後に周波数分析して、回転する内輪または外輪の
1点が転動体を通過する周波数f1と、固定した外輪ま
たは内輪の1点が転動体を通過する周波数f2と、転動
体の1点が内輪及び外輪に接触する周波数fbと、回転
する内輪または外輪の回転周波数frと、リテーナの回
転周波数fcとに対応する周波数での振幅値を基準値と
比較するために、周波数f1と周波数frとの比の値に
かかわらず、傷のある部材の特定を行うことができるも
のであり、また周波数fr,fcとから変形異常を伴う
不良の検出も行うことができる。As described above, in the present invention, the vibration waveform obtained by measuring the vibration generated in the bearing by the sensor is subjected to the envelope processing and then the frequency analysis is performed, and one point of the rotating inner ring or outer ring is the rolling element. Frequency f1 that passes through, the frequency f2 that one point of the fixed outer ring or the inner ring passes through the rolling element, the frequency fb that one point of the rolling element contacts the inner ring and the outer ring, and the rotation frequency fr of the rotating inner ring or the outer ring. In order to compare the amplitude value at the frequency corresponding to the rotation frequency fc of the retainer with the reference value, it is possible to identify the member having a flaw regardless of the value of the ratio between the frequency f1 and the frequency fr. In addition, it is possible to detect a defect accompanied by deformation abnormality from the frequencies fr and fc.
【0034】基準値と比較する振幅値を抽出する周波数
として、回転する内輪または外輪の回転周波数frの
(n+1)倍(nは1以上の整数)の周波数も用いる時
には、内輪または外輪の一方に傷があり且つ他方に変形
がある場合に傷と変形との検出を行うことができる。基
準値と比較する振幅値を抽出する周波数として、リテー
ナの回転周波数fcの(n+1)倍の周波数と、回転す
る内輪または外輪の回転周波数frとリテーナの回転周
波数fcの差fr−fcのn倍の周波数も用いる時に
は、転動体の傷と内輪または外輪の変形がある場合に傷
と変形との検出を行うことができる。When a frequency that is (n + 1) times the rotation frequency fr of the rotating inner or outer ring (n is an integer of 1 or more) is also used as the frequency for extracting the amplitude value to be compared with the reference value, one of the inner ring and the outer ring is used. When there is a scratch and the other has a deformation, the detection of the scratch and the deformation can be performed. As the frequency for extracting the amplitude value to be compared with the reference value, the frequency is (n + 1) times the rotation frequency fc of the retainer, and n times the difference fr-fc between the rotation frequency fr of the rotating inner ring or outer ring and the rotation frequency fc of the retainer. When the frequency of is also used, it is possible to detect the scratch and the deformation when there is a scratch on the rolling element and the inner ring or the outer ring is deformed.
【0035】基準値と比較する振幅値を抽出する周波数
として、うなり成分であるf1±n×fr、f2±n×
fr、fb±n×fc、fb±n×(fr−fc)の周
波数も用いる時には、傷と変形の検出をより正確に行う
ことができ、さらに基準値と比較する振幅値を抽出する
周波数として、(n+1)×f1、(n+1)×f2、
(n+1)×fbの周波数も用いる時には、複数の傷が
存在している時にも傷位置を特定することができる。The frequencies for extracting the amplitude value to be compared with the reference value are f1 ± n × fr and f2 ± n × which are beat components.
When frequencies of fr, fb ± n × fc, and fb ± n × (fr-fc) are also used, scratches and deformations can be detected more accurately, and further, as a frequency for extracting an amplitude value to be compared with a reference value. , (N + 1) × f1, (n + 1) × f2,
When the frequency of (n + 1) × fb is also used, the scratch position can be specified even when there are a plurality of scratches.
【0036】そして比較にあたっては、抽出した複数の
周波数での振幅値を評価式で統合化して基準値と比較す
るならば、傷検出の精度向上を図ることができ、抽出し
た複数の周波数での振幅値を複数の評価式で統合化して
基準値と比較するようにしたならば、精度をより高める
ことができる。特に複数の評価式の作成にあたって傷位
置別に評価式を作成したり、異常の種類別に評価式を作
成する時には異常の原因をより正確に判定することがで
きる。In comparison, if the amplitude values at a plurality of extracted frequencies are integrated by an evaluation formula and compared with a reference value, the accuracy of flaw detection can be improved, and the extracted frequencies at a plurality of frequencies can be compared. If the amplitude value is integrated by a plurality of evaluation expressions and compared with the reference value, the accuracy can be further improved. In particular, when creating a plurality of evaluation expressions, when creating an evaluation expression for each scratch position or creating an evaluation expression for each type of abnormality, it is possible to more accurately determine the cause of the abnormality.
【0037】更には評価式の各要素を変換式で変換して
基準値と比較するならば、各要素の基準化や重み付けを
行うことができるために、更に高精度な傷や変形の検出
が可能となる。抽出した複数の周波数での振幅値を入力
とし、傷位置を出力とする学習済みのニューラルネット
を用いる時には、基準値の設定が容易となる。振動波形
を基準値と比較し、基準値を越える振動の発生時刻の時
間的間隔を、回転する内輪または外輪の1点が転動体を
通過する周期1/f1の整数倍周期と、固定した外輪ま
たは内輪の1点が転動体を通過する周期1/f2の整数
倍周期と、転動体の1点が内輪及び外輪に接触する周期
1/fbの整数倍周期との各周期と比較する場合にも、
周波数f1と周波数frとの比の値にかかわらず、傷の
ある部材の特定を行うことができるとともに変形異常を
伴う不良の検出も行うことができる。Furthermore, if each element of the evaluation formula is converted by the conversion formula and compared with the reference value, the standardization and weighting of each element can be performed, so that more accurate detection of scratches and deformations is possible. It will be possible. When using a learned neural network that inputs the extracted amplitude values at a plurality of frequencies and outputs the scratch position, it becomes easy to set the reference value. The vibration waveform is compared with a reference value, and the time interval of the occurrence of vibration that exceeds the reference value is fixed as an integral multiple cycle of cycle 1 / f1 at which one point of the rotating inner ring or outer ring passes through the rolling element and the fixed outer ring. Or when comparing each cycle of an integer multiple cycle of cycle 1 / f2 where one point of the inner ring passes the rolling element and an integer multiple cycle of cycle 1 / fb where one point of the rolling element contacts the inner ring and the outer ring Also,
Regardless of the value of the ratio between the frequency f1 and the frequency fr, it is possible to identify a member having a scratch and also detect a defect accompanied by deformation abnormality.
【0038】この時、基準値として振幅が基準値を越え
てから所定時間内は基準値を越えた時の最大振動振幅値
を用いることで、時間的間隔を正確に捕らえることがで
きるために、精度の高い傷検出が可能となり、振動の発
生時刻の時間的間隔パターンを軸受の変形形状に応じて
設定したパターンと比較する時には変形形状の特定が可
能となり、振動の発生時刻の時間的間隔パターンを入力
とし、軸受の変形形状を出力とする学習済みのニューラ
ルネットを用いるならば、変形形状に応じたパターンの
設定が容易となる。At this time, since the maximum vibration amplitude value when the amplitude exceeds the reference value within a predetermined time after the amplitude exceeds the reference value is used, the time interval can be accurately captured. It is possible to detect flaws with high accuracy and identify the deformed shape when comparing the time interval pattern of the vibration occurrence time with the pattern set according to the deformed shape of the bearing, and the time interval pattern of the vibration occurrence time. If a learned neural network that inputs the input and outputs the deformed shape of the bearing is used, it becomes easy to set the pattern according to the deformed shape.
【0039】振動の測定に際しては軸受にラジアル荷重
を加えた状態としておいてもよい。傷が振動に与える影
響がより顕著に現れることになって傷の検出が容易とな
る。この時、固定輪としている外輪または内輪を一定の
角度毎に回転させて各角度毎に振動測定を行うことで、
固定輪としている外輪または内輪の傷検出を高精度に行
うことができ、固定輪としている外輪または内輪を、回
転させている内輪または外輪と異なる回転数で回転させ
つつ振動測定を行うならば効率のよい傷検出を行うこと
ができる。The radial load may be applied to the bearing when measuring the vibration. The influence of the scratch on the vibration becomes more prominent, and the scratch can be easily detected. At this time, by rotating the outer ring or the inner ring which is the fixed wheel at a constant angle and measuring the vibration at each angle,
It is possible to detect scratches on the outer ring or inner ring as a fixed ring with high accuracy, and if the vibration is measured while rotating the outer ring or inner ring as the fixed ring at a different rotation speed than the rotating inner ring or outer ring, it is efficient. Good scratch detection can be performed.
【図1】本発明の実施の形態の一例のフローチャートで
ある。FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
【図2】同上の振動測定構造を示すもので、(a)は正面
図、(b)は側面図である。2A and 2B show a vibration measurement structure of the above, wherein FIG. 2A is a front view and FIG. 2B is a side view.
【図3】同上の他の振動測定構造を示す斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another vibration measurement structure of the above.
【図4】同上の模式図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the above.
【図5】同上の振動波形の一例のタイムチャートであ
る。FIG. 5 is a time chart of an example of the above-mentioned vibration waveform.
【図6】同上の振動波形の他例を示すもので、(a)はθ
=0°、(b)はθ=90°または270°、(c)はθ=1
80°の時のタイムチャートである。FIG. 6 shows another example of the above vibration waveform, in which (a) is θ.
= 0 °, θ = 90 ° or 270 ° in (b), θ = 1 in (c)
It is a time chart at the time of 80 degrees.
【図7】同上の振動波形の別の例のタイムチャートであ
る。FIG. 7 is a time chart of another example of the vibration waveform of the above.
【図8】他例のフローチャートである。FIG. 8 is a flowchart of another example.
【図9】同上の模式図である。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the above.
【図10】同上の振動波形の一例のタイムチャートであ
る。FIG. 10 is a time chart of an example of the above-mentioned vibration waveform.
【図11】ニューラルネットの一例の説明図である。FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a neural network.
【図12】別の例のフローチャートである。FIG. 12 is a flowchart of another example.
【図13】同上の振動波形の一例のタイムチャートであ
る。FIG. 13 is a time chart of an example of the above-mentioned vibration waveform.
【図14】同上の振動波形の拡大したタイムチャートで
ある。FIG. 14 is an enlarged time chart of the vibration waveform of the above.
【図15】ニューラルネットの他例の説明図である。FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of another example of a neural network.
1 軸受 2 モータ 3 振動センサー 10 外輪 11 内輪 12 転動体 1 bearing 2 motor 3 vibration sensor 10 outer ring 11 inner ring 12 rolling element
Claims (18)
るこれら両輪に転接する転動体及び転動体を保持するリ
テーナとからなる軸受の傷検出方法であって、内輪また
は外輪を回転させている軸受で生じる振動をセンサーで
測定して得た振動波形を包絡線処理の後に周波数分析し
て、回転する内輪または外輪の1点が転動体を通過する
周波数f1と、固定した外輪または内輪の1点が転動体
を通過する周波数f2と、転動体の1点が内輪及び外輪
に接触する周波数fbと、回転する内輪または外輪の回
転周波数frと、リテーナの回転周波数fcとに対応す
る周波数での振幅値を基準値と比較することを特徴とす
る軸受の傷検出方法。1. A flaw detection method for a bearing comprising an inner ring and an outer ring and a rolling element rolling contacting at least one of the rotating two wheels and a retainer holding the rolling element, wherein the inner ring or the outer ring is rotated. The vibration waveform obtained by measuring the generated vibration with the sensor is subjected to the frequency analysis after the envelope processing, and the frequency f1 at which one point of the rotating inner ring or the outer ring passes through the rolling element and the one point of the fixed outer ring or the inner ring are An amplitude value at a frequency corresponding to the frequency f2 passing through the rolling element, the frequency fb at which one point of the rolling element contacts the inner ring and the outer ring, the rotation frequency fr of the rotating inner ring or outer ring, and the rotation frequency fc of the retainer. A method for detecting flaws in a bearing, characterized in that
数として、回転する内輪または外輪の回転周波数frの
(n+1)倍(nは1以上の整数)の周波数を加えるこ
とを特徴とする請求項1記載の軸受の傷検出方法。2. A frequency that is (n + 1) times (n is an integer of 1 or more) the rotational frequency fr of the rotating inner or outer ring is added as a frequency for extracting the amplitude value to be compared with the reference value. Item 1. A bearing flaw detection method according to Item 1.
数として、リテーナの回転周波数fcの(n+1)倍
(nは1以上の整数)の周波数と、回転する内輪または
外輪の回転周波数frとリテーナの回転周波数fcの差
fr−fcのn倍の周波数とを加えることを特徴とする
請求項1記載の軸受の傷検出方法。3. As a frequency for extracting an amplitude value to be compared with a reference value, a frequency that is (n + 1) times the rotational frequency fc of the retainer (n is an integer of 1 or more) and a rotational frequency fr of the rotating inner ring or outer ring. The bearing flaw detection method according to claim 1, wherein a frequency n times a difference fr-fc of the rotation frequency fc of the retainer is added.
数として、うなり成分であるf1±n×fr、f2±n
×fr、fb±n×fc、fb±n×(fr−fc)の
周波数(nは1以上の整数)を加えることを特徴とする
請求項2または3記載の軸受の傷検出方法。4. A beat component f1 ± n × fr, f2 ± n as a frequency for extracting an amplitude value to be compared with a reference value.
4. The method for detecting flaws in a bearing according to claim 2, wherein frequencies of xfr, fb ± n × fc, and fb ± n × (fr−fc) (n is an integer of 1 or more) are added.
数として、(n+1)×f1、(n+1)×f2、(n
+1)×fbの周波数(nは1以上の整数)を加えるこ
とを特徴とする請求項1記載の軸受の傷検出方法。5. As frequencies for extracting an amplitude value to be compared with a reference value, (n + 1) × f1, (n + 1) × f2, (n
The bearing flaw detection method according to claim 1, wherein a frequency of (+1) × fb (n is an integer of 1 or more) is added.
式で統合化して基準値と比較することを特徴とする請求
項1〜5のいずれかの項に記載の軸受の傷検出方法。6. The bearing flaw detection method according to claim 1, wherein the extracted amplitude values at a plurality of frequencies are integrated by an evaluation formula and compared with a reference value.
の評価式で統合化して基準値と比較することを特徴とす
る請求項1〜6のいずれかの項に記載の軸受の傷検出方
法。7. The bearing flaw detection according to claim 1, wherein the extracted amplitude values at a plurality of frequencies are integrated by a plurality of evaluation expressions and compared with a reference value. Method.
較することを特徴とする請求項6または7記載の軸受の
傷検出方法。8. The method for detecting flaws in a bearing according to claim 6, wherein an evaluation formula is prepared for each flaw position and compared with a reference value.
と比較することを特徴とする請求項6または7記載の軸
受の傷検出方法。9. The bearing flaw detection method according to claim 6, wherein an evaluation formula is created for each type of abnormality and compared with a reference value.
準値と比較することを特徴とする請求項6〜9のいずれ
かの項に記載の軸受の傷検出方法。10. The method for detecting flaws in a bearing according to claim 6, wherein each element of the evaluation formula is converted by a conversion formula and compared with a reference value.
力とし、傷位置を出力とする学習済みのニューラルネッ
トを用いることを特徴とする請求項1記載の軸受の傷検
出方法。11. The method for detecting flaws in a bearing according to claim 1, wherein a learned neural net which inputs the amplitude values at a plurality of extracted frequencies and outputs the flaw position is used.
転動体及び転動体を保持するリテーナとからなる軸受の
傷検出方法であって、内輪または外輪を回転させている
軸受で生じる振動をセンサーで測定して得た振動波形を
基準値と比較し、基準値を越える振動の発生時刻の時間
的間隔を、回転する内輪または外輪の1点が転動体を通
過する周期1/f1の整数倍周期と、固定した外輪また
は内輪の1点が転動体を通過する周期1/f2の整数倍
周期と、転動体の1点が内輪及び外輪に接触する周期1
/fbの整数倍周期との各周期と比較することを特徴と
する軸受の傷検出方法。12. A method for detecting damage to a bearing, comprising an inner ring and an outer ring, and rolling elements rollingly contacting these wheels and a retainer holding the rolling element, wherein a vibration generated in a bearing rotating the inner ring or the outer ring is detected by a sensor. The vibration waveform obtained by measurement is compared with a reference value, and the time interval of the occurrence time of vibration exceeding the reference value is an integer multiple of 1 / f1 which is the period when one point of the rotating inner ring or outer ring passes through the rolling element. And an integer multiple cycle of the cycle 1 / f2 in which one point of the fixed outer ring or inner ring passes the rolling element, and cycle 1 in which one point of the rolling element contacts the inner ring and the outer ring
A method for detecting flaws in a bearing, characterized by comparing each cycle with an integer multiple cycle of / fb.
から所定時間内は基準値を越えた時の最大振動振幅値を
用いることを特徴とする請求項12記載の軸受の傷検出
方法。13. The method for detecting flaws in a bearing according to claim 12, wherein a maximum vibration amplitude value when the amplitude exceeds the reference value within a predetermined time after the amplitude exceeds the reference value is used as the reference value.
を、軸受の変形形状に応じて設定したパターンと比較す
ることを特徴とする請求項12記載の軸受の傷検出方
法。14. The method for detecting flaws in a bearing according to claim 12, wherein a time interval pattern of vibration occurrence times is compared with a pattern set according to the deformed shape of the bearing.
を入力とし、軸受の変形形状を出力とする学習済みのニ
ューラルネットを用いることを特徴とする請求項12記
載の軸受の傷検出方法。15. The method for detecting flaws in a bearing according to claim 12, wherein a learned neural net that inputs a time interval pattern of vibration occurrence times and outputs a deformed shape of the bearing is used.
動を測定することを特徴とする請求項1〜15のいずれ
かに記載の軸受の傷検出方法。16. The method for detecting flaws in a bearing according to claim 1, wherein the vibration is measured while a radial load is applied to the bearing.
定の角度毎に回転させて各角度毎に振動測定を行うこと
を特徴とする請求項16記載の軸受の傷検出方法。17. The method for detecting flaws in a bearing according to claim 16, wherein the outer ring or the inner ring serving as the fixed ring is rotated at a constant angle and vibration measurement is performed at each angle.
回転させている内輪または外輪と異なる回転数で回転さ
せつつ振動測定を行うことを特徴とする請求項16記載
の軸受の傷検出方法。18. An outer ring or an inner ring serving as a fixed ring,
17. The method for detecting flaws in a bearing according to claim 16, wherein the vibration measurement is performed while rotating the inner ring or the outer ring at a different rotation speed than the rotating inner ring or outer ring.
Priority Applications (1)
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JP06466196A JP3373718B2 (en) | 1996-03-21 | 1996-03-21 | Bearing damage detection method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP06466196A JP3373718B2 (en) | 1996-03-21 | 1996-03-21 | Bearing damage detection method |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH09257651A true JPH09257651A (en) | 1997-10-03 |
JP3373718B2 JP3373718B2 (en) | 2003-02-04 |
Family
ID=13264628
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JP06466196A Expired - Fee Related JP3373718B2 (en) | 1996-03-21 | 1996-03-21 | Bearing damage detection method |
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