JPH09199090A - Storage battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the life and performance of a storage battery making a temperature difference in use by increasing the surface area of the battery jar of the battery toward a high-temperature section from a low-temperature section in the storage battery making the temperature difference in charging and discharging. SOLUTION: Each cell is constituted of ten positive electrodes, 11 negative electrodes, and ten glass separators, and the same positive and negative electrodes and glass separators are used. When the cell having the positive electrode terminal 2 is named as the first cell and the cell having the negative electrode terminal 3 is named as the sixth cell in a battery jar 1; 12, 14, 14, and 12 ribs 4 are provided on the side faces of the second through fifth cells in this order respectively. The surface area ratio of the battery jar 1 except for the battery jar bottom face is set to 100:112:120 in the order of the first through sixth cells.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は蓄電池の改良に関す
るものである。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an improvement of a storage battery.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】蓄電池は単セル電池や複数セルを一体に
したモノブロック電池を直列、または並列に組み合わせ
て使用するのが一般的である。例えば近年電気自動車用
密閉形鉛蓄電池では１２Ｖ電池を２４個直列接続して使
用するシステムが検討されている。2. Description of the Related Art As a storage battery, it is common to use a single cell battery or a monoblock battery in which a plurality of cells are integrated in series or in parallel. For example, in recent years, as a sealed lead acid battery for electric vehicles, a system using 24 12 V batteries connected in series has been studied.

【０００３】１２Ｖ電池は６セルが一列に配置したタイ
プや３×２列に配置したタイプが主流である。電気自動
車ではこれらの１２Ｖ電池を車体の形状にあわせて複数
列に、あるいは上下段に積み重ねるなどして搭載してい
る。A 12V battery is mainly of a type in which 6 cells are arranged in one row or a type in which 3 cells are arranged in 3 × 2 rows. In an electric vehicle, these 12V batteries are mounted in a plurality of rows according to the shape of the vehicle body or stacked in upper and lower stages.

【０００４】ところで、この蓄電池の充放電は、正負極
活物質と電解液とによって起こるが、これらの重量比
率、体積比率や組成はセル内部の各部位において均一に
なるように設計されている。またこれらの発電要素を収
納する電槽についても密度、肉厚や材質は各部位におい
て均一になるように設計するのが一般的である。By the way, charging / discharging of this storage battery is caused by the positive and negative electrode active material and the electrolytic solution, and the weight ratio, volume ratio and composition thereof are designed to be uniform at each site inside the cell. In addition, the battery case that houses these power generating elements is also generally designed so that the density, wall thickness, and material are uniform at each part.

【０００５】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、複数個直列ま
たは並列に組み合わせて使用する蓄電池においては、充
放電反応によって内部で発熱した場合、熱放散が良い部
分では速やかに冷却されるが、熱放散が悪い部分では熱
を効率良く電池外部に放散できないので、セル内部ある
いは１２Ｖ電池内部あるいは１２Ｖ電池間で温度差を生
じる。However, in a plurality of storage batteries used in combination in series or in parallel, when heat is generated internally by the charge / discharge reaction, the heat is quickly dissipated in a portion with good heat dissipation, but the heat dissipation is good. Since the heat cannot be efficiently dissipated to the outside of the battery in the bad portion, a temperature difference occurs inside the cell, inside the 12V battery or between the 12V batteries.

【０００６】そして、このような高温部分では、活物質
の利用率の向上によって低温部分よりも放電容量が増加
してしまう。Then, in such a high temperature portion, the discharge capacity increases as compared with the low temperature portion due to the improvement of the utilization rate of the active material.

【０００７】それゆえに、直列接続した多数の電池のセ
ル間において、温度差を生じた状態で定電力放電を行う
と、放電電流値や放電終止電圧が群電池全体の総電圧で
決まるために、放電容量の少ない低温部のセルは本来の
終止電圧を下回る領域まで放電され、場合によっては転
極して多量のガス発生と温度上昇とを招く。Therefore, when constant power discharge is performed in a state where there is a temperature difference between the cells of a large number of batteries connected in series, the discharge current value and the discharge end voltage are determined by the total voltage of the whole group of batteries. The cells in the low temperature part, which have a low discharge capacity, are discharged to a region below the original cutoff voltage, and in some cases, they are poled, causing a large amount of gas generation and temperature rise.

【０００８】一方、この転極の繰り返しにより、セルの
充放電性能が劣化するだけでなく、電解液のドライアッ
プによる内部抵抗の増大が生じる。On the other hand, the repetition of this reversal not only deteriorates the charge / discharge performance of the cell, but also increases the internal resistance due to the dry-up of the electrolyte.

【０００９】そこで、本発明の目的は、蓄電池が使用時
に各セル、各電池で温度差を生じないように構成し、複
数セルよりなる蓄電池又は複数の蓄電池よりなる群電
池、組電池の寿命性能を向上させることにある。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to configure a storage battery so that a temperature difference does not occur between cells or batteries when used, and the life performance of a storage battery composed of a plurality of cells or a group battery composed of a plurality of storage batteries or an assembled battery. To improve.

【００１０】[0010]

【課題を解決するための手段】第一の発明にかかる蓄電
池は、充放電時に温度差を生じる、蓄電池において、該
蓄電池は、低温部分から高温部分に位置するに従って、
電槽の表面積が大きいことを特徴とする。The storage battery according to the first aspect of the present invention produces a temperature difference during charging and discharging. In the storage battery, the storage battery is located from a low temperature portion to a high temperature portion.
It is characterized by a large surface area of the battery case.

【００１１】第二の発明にかかる群電池もしくは組電池
は、充放電時に温度差を生じる群電池又は組電池におい
て、該群電池又は組電池を構成する蓄電池は、低温部分
から高温部分に位置するに従って、電槽の表面積が電池
毎に大きいことを特徴とする。In the group battery or assembled battery according to the second aspect of the present invention, in the group battery or assembled battery which causes a temperature difference during charging and discharging, the storage battery constituting the group battery or assembled battery is located from a low temperature portion to a high temperature portion. Accordingly, the surface area of the battery case is large for each battery.

【００１２】第三の発明は、第一の発明にかかる蓄電池
又は第二の発明にかかる群電池もしくは組電池におい
て、蓄電池は、低温部分から高温部分に位置するに従っ
て、電槽の表面積がセル毎に大きいことを特徴とする。A third invention is the storage battery according to the first invention or the group battery or assembled battery according to the second invention, wherein the storage battery has a surface area of a battery cell for each cell as it is located from the low temperature portion to the high temperature portion. It is characterized by being large.

【００１３】第四の発明は、蓄電池が鉛蓄電池である請
求項１記載の蓄電池、請求項２記載の群電池もしくは組
電池又は、請求項３記載の蓄電池。とすることである。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the storage battery is a lead storage battery, the group battery or assembled battery according to claim 2, or the storage battery according to claim 3. Is to

【００１４】[0014]

【発明の実施の形態】以下に本発明の好適な一実施の形
態を具体的に詳述する。図１は本発明による１２Ｖ、６
０Ａｈの６セル密閉形鉛蓄電池を示す正面図および上面
図である。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below. FIG. 1 shows a 12V, 6 according to the present invention.
It is a front view and a top view showing a 6-cell sealed lead acid battery of 0Ah.

【００１５】図１の電池は各セルとも正極板１０枚、負
極板１１枚、ガラスセパレータ１０枚から構成され、正
負極板、ガラスセパレータについてはすべて同一のもの
を使用している。これらの発電要素を収納する電槽１は
正極端子２を有するセルを第１セル、負極端子３を有す
るセルを第６セルとしたときに第２セルから第５セルの
順にそれぞれ１２本、１４本、１４本、１２本のリブ４
を側面に設けており、第１および第６セルの電槽側面に
はリブを設けていない。このリブによって電槽底面を除
く電槽の表面積比は第１セルから第６セルの順に１０
０：１１２：１２０：１２０：１１２：１００になるよ
うにした。この比率は各セルの熱放散係数を等しくする
のに必要な比率にほぼ相当している。この電池を本発明
品とし、比較のために全セル電槽側面にリブを設けない
従来品を用いて、以下の試験を行った。The battery of FIG. 1 is composed of 10 positive plates, 11 negative plates and 10 glass separators for each cell, and the same positive and negative plates and glass separators are used. When the cell having the positive electrode terminal 2 is the first cell and the cell having the negative electrode terminal 3 is the sixth cell, the battery case 1 for accommodating these power generating elements has the 12th cell and the 14th cell in order from the 2nd cell to the 5th cell, respectively. Four, twelve, twelve ribs 4
Is provided on the side surface, and no rib is provided on the side surface of the battery case of the first and sixth cells. With this rib, the surface area ratio of the battery case excluding the battery bottom is 10 in order from the first cell to the sixth cell.
It was set to 0: 112: 120: 120: 112: 100. This ratio approximately corresponds to the ratio required to equalize the heat dissipation coefficient of each cell. This battery was used as a product of the present invention, and for comparison, the following test was performed using a conventional product in which ribs were not provided on the side surfaces of all the cell cases.

【００１６】（熱放散特性試験）第１、第２、第３セル
のエレメント中央位置のガラスセパレータ内に熱電対を
埋め込み、電解液温度を測定可能にした電池を５０℃の
恒温槽に一晩放置し、全セル５０℃に平衡状態に到達し
た後、２５℃の室温中で発泡スチロール板上に静置して
温度変化を測定する。(Heat Dissipation Characteristic Test) A battery in which a thermocouple was embedded in the glass separators at the central positions of the elements of the first, second, and third cells to measure the temperature of the electrolyte solution was placed in a constant temperature bath at 50 ° C. overnight. After leaving to stand and reaching an equilibrium state in all cells at 50 ° C., the temperature change is measured by standing still on a polystyrene foam plate at room temperature of 25 ° C.

【００１７】この結果を図２、３に示す。従来品におい
ては図２に示すように第３セル、第２セル、第１セルの
順に電解液温度の低下が少なく、電池中央部に近いセル
ほど熱放散が悪いことを示唆していた。これに対して本
発明品は図３に示すように第３セル、第２セルの温度推
移は第１セルとほぼ同じであった。The results are shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, in the conventional product, the electrolyte temperature did not decrease much in the order of the third cell, the second cell, and the first cell, and it was suggested that the heat dissipation was worse in the cells closer to the center of the battery. On the other hand, in the product of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, the temperature transitions of the third cell and the second cell were almost the same as those of the first cell.

【００１８】次に本発明品および従来品を用いて以下の
充放電サイクル寿命試験を行った。Next, the following charge / discharge cycle life test was conducted using the product of the present invention and the conventional product.

【００１９】（寿命試験条件） 放電 …Ｓ−ＦＵＤＳパターンで終止電圧８．４Ｖま
で。 充電 …３０Ａで１４．５Ｖまで充電し、その後充電電
気量が放電電気量の１２０％になるまで３Ａで充電。 温度 …３０℃の恒温槽中。(Life test condition) Discharge: S-FUDS pattern with a final voltage of up to 8.4V. Charging ... Charging to 14.5V at 30A, then charging at 3A until the amount of electricity charged is 120% of the amount of electricity discharged. Temperature: in a constant temperature bath at 30 ° C.

【００２０】（容量試験条件）上記充放電サイクル５０
回毎に下記容量試験を行う。 放電 …２０Ａで終止電圧９．９Ｖまで。 充電 …３０Ａで１４．５Ｖまで充電し、その後充電電
気量が放電電気量の１２０％になるまで３Ａで充電。 温度 …３０℃の恒温槽中。 （Ｓ−ＦＵＤＳ：Idaho National Engineering Lab.,が
提唱した電気自動車の走行をモデル化し、蓄電池の放電
をパターン化したもので図５に示す。日本で最も広く採
用されている） この結果を図４に示す。Ｓ−ＦＵＤＳパターン放電回数
が半減した時点を寿命とすると本発明による電池は従来
品の約１．４倍の寿命性能を有していた。(Capacity test conditions) The above charge / discharge cycle 50
Perform the following capacity test every time. Discharge: Up to a final voltage of 9.9V at 20A. Charging ... Charging to 14.5V at 30A, then charging at 3A until the amount of electricity charged is 120% of the amount of electricity discharged. Temperature: in a constant temperature bath at 30 ° C. (S-FUDS: Idaho National Engineering Lab., Proposed by Idaho National Engineering Lab., Modeled the running of an electric vehicle and patterned discharge of a storage battery is shown in FIG. 5. This result is most widely adopted in Japan.) This result is shown in FIG. Shown in. The battery according to the present invention had a life performance of about 1.4 times that of the conventional product when the life was defined when the number of S-FUDS pattern discharges was halved.

【００２１】尚、本実施例では、１２Ｖの密閉形鉛蓄電
池をそれぞれ単独で試験したが、開放形の鉛蓄電池であ
っても、あるいは電池２個以上の群電池であっても、試
験時に温度差を生じる場合には同様の効果が認められ
た。In this embodiment, the 12V sealed lead-acid battery was tested independently, but whether it is an open-type lead-acid battery or a group battery of two or more batteries, the temperature at the time of the test is measured. Similar effects were observed when a difference was made.

【００２２】さらに、群電池の場合であれば、セル毎だ
けでなく電池毎に電槽の表面積を変化させてもよいし、
両者を組み合わせてもよい。これらの組み合わせは、電
槽の表面積が低温部分より高温部分を大きくなるよう構
成するという、本発明の思想を逸脱しない範囲において
自由である。Further, in the case of the group battery, the surface area of the battery case may be changed not only for each cell but for each battery,
You may combine both. These combinations are free within the scope of the present invention, in which the surface area of the battery case is configured to be larger in the high temperature portion than in the low temperature portion.

【００２３】加えて、セル毎では、各セル毎であっても
よいし、２セル毎、複数セル毎といったように条件にあ
わせればよい。これは電池毎も同様に設定すればよい。In addition, each cell may be one for each cell, or may be one for every two cells or a plurality of cells. This may be set similarly for each battery.

【００２４】上記実施例は鉛蓄電池について述べたが、
アルカリ蓄電池や、リチウム蓄電池についても、同じこ
とが言える。Although the above embodiment describes the lead-acid battery,
The same applies to alkaline storage batteries and lithium storage batteries.

【００２５】[0025]

【発明の効果】第一の発明にかかる蓄電池は、充放電時
に温度差を生じる、蓄電池において、該蓄電池は、低温
部分から高温部分に位置するに従って、電槽の表面積が
大きいことを特徴とする。The storage battery according to the first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a temperature difference occurs during charging and discharging, and the storage battery has a larger surface area of the battery as the storage battery is located from the low temperature portion to the high temperature portion. .

【００２６】第二の発明にかかる群電池もしくは組電池
は、充放電時に温度差を生じる群電池又は組電池におい
て、該群電池又は組電池を構成する蓄電池は、低温部分
から高温部分に位置するに従って、電槽の表面積が電池
毎に大きいことを特徴とする。In the group battery or assembled battery according to the second aspect of the invention, in the group battery or assembled battery in which a temperature difference occurs during charging / discharging, the storage battery constituting the group battery or assembled battery is located from the low temperature portion to the high temperature portion. Accordingly, the surface area of the battery case is large for each battery.

【００２７】第三の発明は、第一の発明にかかる蓄電池
又は第二の発明にかかる群電池もしくは組電池におい
て、蓄電池は、低温部分から高温部分に位置するに従っ
て、電槽の表面積がセル毎に大きいことを特徴とする。
これにより蓄電池の使用時に各セル、各電池で温度差を
生じないようにし、もって複数セルよりなる蓄電池又は
複数の蓄電池よりなる群電池、組電池の寿命性能を向上
させることができる。その工業的価値は非常に大きい。A third invention is the storage battery according to the first invention or the group battery or the assembled battery according to the second invention, wherein the storage battery has a surface area of a battery case for each cell as the battery is located from the low temperature part to the high temperature part. It is characterized by being large.
As a result, it is possible to prevent a temperature difference between the cells and the batteries when the storage battery is used, and thus improve the life performance of the storage battery including a plurality of cells, the group battery including a plurality of storage batteries, and the assembled battery. Its industrial value is enormous.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図１】本発明による電池の正面図および上面図であ
る。1 is a front view and a top view of a battery according to the present invention.

【図２】従来品の熱放散特性試験結果を示すグラフであ
る。FIG. 2 is a graph showing a result of heat dissipation characteristic test of a conventional product.

【図３】本発明による電池の熱放散特性試験結果を示す
グラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph showing a heat dissipation characteristic test result of a battery according to the present invention.

【図４】本発明による電池の充放電サイクル寿命試験結
果を示すグラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing a charge / discharge cycle life test result of a battery according to the present invention.

【図５】Ｓ−ＦＵＤＳ ＰａｔｔｅｒｎFIG. 5 S-FUDS Pattern

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１ 電槽 ２ 正極端子 ３ 負極端子 ４ リブ 1 battery case 2 positive electrode terminal 3 negative electrode terminal 4 rib

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 充放電時に温度差を生じる蓄電池におい
て、該蓄電池は、低温部分から高温部分に位置するに従
って、電槽の表面積が大きいことを特徴とする蓄電池。1. A storage battery which causes a temperature difference during charging and discharging, wherein the storage battery has a surface area of a battery case that increases from a low temperature portion to a high temperature portion. 【請求項２】 充放電時に温度差を生じる群電池又は組
電池において、該群電池又は組電池を構成する蓄電池
は、低温部分から高温部分に位置するに従って、電槽の
表面積が電池毎に大きいことを特徴とする群電池もしく
は組電池。2. A group battery or an assembled battery that causes a temperature difference during charging and discharging, and the storage battery constituting the group battery or the assembled battery has a surface area of a battery cell that increases as the battery is located from a low temperature portion to a high temperature portion. A group battery or an assembled battery characterized by the following. 【請求項３】 蓄電池は、低温部分から高温部分に位置
するに従って、電槽の表面積がセル毎に大きいことを特
徴とする請求項１記載の蓄電池又は請求項２記載の群電
池もしくは組電池。3. The storage battery according to claim 1, or the group battery or assembled battery according to claim 2, wherein the surface area of the battery case is larger for each cell as the storage battery is located from the low temperature portion to the high temperature portion. 【請求項４】 蓄電池が鉛蓄電池である請求項１記載の
蓄電池、請求項２記載の群電池もしくは組電池又は請求
項３記載の蓄電池。4. The storage battery according to claim 1, the group battery or assembled battery according to claim 2, or the storage battery according to claim 3, wherein the storage battery is a lead storage battery.