JPH09187260A - Monitoring of sterilization value for granular solid food and apparatus therefor - Google Patents
Monitoring of sterilization value for granular solid food and apparatus thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09187260A JPH09187260A JP8003360A JP336096A JPH09187260A JP H09187260 A JPH09187260 A JP H09187260A JP 8003360 A JP8003360 A JP 8003360A JP 336096 A JP336096 A JP 336096A JP H09187260 A JPH09187260 A JP H09187260A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- container
- dummy
- solid food
- filled
- granular solid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
Landscapes
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
- Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、無菌米飯、麺類、
穀類、豆類等の粒状固形食品用殺菌値モニター方法及び
装置に関する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to sterile cooked rice, noodles,
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for monitoring a sterilization value for granular solid foods such as cereals and beans.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近時開発された無菌米飯の製造ラインに
おいては、水浸漬米を最終包装用容器のプラスチックト
レーに一食分づつ直接充填し、蒸気式炊飯機へ送り込
み、バッチ式で連続的に加圧蒸煮をして加熱調理した
後、水を加えて密封シールして、反転蒸らしをし、仕上
げている。2. Description of the Related Art In a recently developed sterile cooked rice production line, water-immersed rice is directly filled into a plastic tray of a final packaging container one by one, sent to a steam rice cooker, and continuously batched. After cooking under pressure and cooking, water is added and sealed tightly, then steamed and finished.
【０００３】この場合、加圧蒸煮蒸気の温度が一定温
度、一定時間キープされることで次の密封シール工程へ
移行してゆく製造システムになっている。In this case, the manufacturing system is such that the temperature of the pressurized steam is kept at a constant temperature for a predetermined time, and the process proceeds to the next hermetic sealing step.
【０００４】また、この加圧蒸煮工程を複数回繰り返す
ことも行われている。[0004] Further, the pressure steaming step is repeated a plurality of times.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】以上の場合において、
トレー内の厚みを持った浸漬米の上層、中層、下層の温
度履歴がどのようになっているかは、測定が困難で今ま
で殆どなされていない。従って、殺菌を保証するには、
あくまでも保存テストをして経験的に実証するしか方法
がなかった。In the above case,
It is difficult to measure the temperature histories of the upper, middle, and lower layers of the immersed rice having the thickness in the tray, and it has been hardly measured until now. Therefore, to guarantee sterilization,
The only way to do this was to do a preservation test and prove it empirically.
【０００６】ＰＬ法が施工された今日においては、殺菌
値データといった科学的な裏付けをとることが安全上、
必要不可欠と考えられ、そのようなシステムの開発が切
望されていた。[0006] Nowadays, when the PL method is applied, it is safe to obtain scientific support such as sterilization value data.
It was considered essential and the development of such a system was eagerly needed.
【０００７】本発明の目的は、加圧蒸煮釜で殺菌、調理
する粒状固形食品の各バッチ毎の殺菌効果をモニター
（監視、記録等）出来るようにして、製造工程をコント
ロール出来るようにすると共に、各バッチの殺菌値を記
録に残し、安全性を科学的に保証する体制を築けるよう
にすることにある。[0007] It is an object of the present invention to monitor (monitor, record, etc.) the sterilizing effect of each batch of granular solid food to be sterilized and cooked in a pressurized steaming kettle so that the production process can be controlled. The purpose is to record the sterilization value of each batch and to establish a system for scientifically assuring safety.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の方法は、上述の
目的を達成するために、所定形状の容器に所定量充填し
た状態で粒状固形食品を直接加圧蒸煮し、殺菌及び調理
する加圧蒸煮釜に枝管を取付け、該枝管内に粒状固形食
品と同様なダミー粒子を充填したダミー容器を装填し、
該ダミー容器内に充填したダミー粒子の高さ方向の異な
る位置に複数の温度センサーを装填し、各温度センサー
により検出された温度から殺菌値（Ｆ値）を演算し、指
示と記録の両方又は一方を行うようになしたものであ
る。According to the method of the present invention, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a granular solid food is directly steamed under pressure in a container of a predetermined shape, and sterilized and cooked. Attach a branch pipe to the pressure cooker, load a dummy container filled with the same dummy particles as granular solid food in the branch pipe,
A plurality of temperature sensors are loaded at different positions in the height direction of the dummy particles filled in the dummy container, and a sterilization value (F value) is calculated from the temperature detected by each temperature sensor, and both the instruction and the recording are performed. One is to do one.
【０００９】また、本発明の装置は、真空脱気、蒸気吹
き込み昇温、一定時間加圧蒸煮、大気圧まで降圧の繰り
返し操作が可能とされ、所定形状の容器に所定量充填し
た状態で粒状固形食品を直接加圧蒸煮し、殺菌及び調理
するための加圧蒸煮釜と、該加圧蒸煮釜に分岐連通させ
て設置され開閉可能な蓋を備えた枝管と、該枝管内に出
し入れ可能に装填され、底面にＵ字形ドレン管を備え耐
熱性素材で構成されたダミー容器と、該ダミー容器内に
前記粒状固形食品と略同一高さ及び体積で充填され、該
粒状固形食品と略同程度の吸水性を備え、しかも、耐熱
性素材で粒状に構成されたダミー粒子と、前記ダミー容
器内に充填したダミー粒子の高さ方向の異なる位置に装
填された複数の温度センサーと、各温度センサーで検出
された温度から殺菌値（Ｆ値）を演算する演算器及び指
示計並びに記録計とで構成したものである。Further, the apparatus of the present invention is capable of repeatedly performing operations of vacuum degassing, steam blowing and heating, pressurized steaming for a certain period of time, and pressure reduction to atmospheric pressure. A pressure cooker for directly steaming, sterilizing and cooking solid food, a branch pipe having a lid that can be opened and closed and connected to the pressure cooker, and can be put in and out of the branch pipe. , A dummy container having a U-shaped drain tube on the bottom surface and made of a heat-resistant material, and filled in the dummy container at substantially the same height and volume as the granular solid food, and substantially the same as the granular solid food. Dummy particles that have a degree of water absorption and are formed of a heat-resistant material in a granular form, a plurality of temperature sensors loaded at different positions in the height direction of the dummy particles filled in the dummy container, Kill from temperature detected by sensor Which is constituted by an arithmetic unit and indicator and recorder calculates the value (F value).
【００１０】本発明は、粒状固形食品を特に、水切り状
態で直接高温の加圧蒸気で加圧蒸煮する。これにより、
高い殺菌値（例えば、Ｆ値＝８以上）の加工調理食品が
得られる。しかも、容器に入れて容器と一緒に容器自体
も殺菌され、これを最終包装用容器としておけば、処理
後に別容器に入れ替える場合のような別容器による二次
汚染の恐れがない。しかも、実際に、対象となる粒状固
形食品がどのような温度履歴で処理されたかが同一処理
条件のダミー粒子によって正確に把握できるため、高い
安全性を保証でき、装置全体のコントロールも的確に行
うことができる。なお、容器内各部の処理温度分布が検
出できるため、この検出温度の分布マップから食品の殺
菌度を各バッチ毎にその都度、客観的な科学的数値（Ｆ
値）によって、迅速正確に表すことができ、従来のよう
な保存テストを待たなくてもよい。In the present invention, the granular solid food is steam-cooked directly with hot steam under high pressure. This allows
A processed food having a high sterilizing value (for example, F value = 8 or more) can be obtained. Moreover, the container itself is sterilized in the container together with the container, and if this is used as a final packaging container, there is no danger of secondary contamination by another container as in the case where the container is replaced with another container after processing. Moreover, since the temperature history of the target granular solid food actually processed can be accurately grasped by dummy particles under the same processing conditions, high safety can be assured, and control of the entire apparatus must be properly performed. Can be. Since the processing temperature distribution of each part in the container can be detected, the sterilization degree of the food can be determined for each batch from an objective scientific value (F
Value) can be represented quickly and accurately, without having to wait for a conventional storage test.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態】図１は本発明の方法を実施するた
めの装置の概略構成を示す斜視図、図２の（Ａ）は粒状
固形食品を充填した容器の形状例を示す縦断面図、
（Ｂ）はその別の形状例を示す縦断面図、（Ｃ）はダミ
ー粒子の形状例を示す斜視図、（Ｄ）はダミー容器を枝
管内に装填した状態で示す本発明装置の構成説明図であ
る。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention, and FIG. 2A is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a shape of a container filled with granular solid food. ,
(B) is a longitudinal sectional view showing another example of the shape, (C) is a perspective view showing an example of the shape of the dummy particles, and (D) is a configuration explanation of the apparatus of the present invention showing a state where the dummy container is loaded in the branch pipe. FIG.
【００１２】図１において、１は加圧蒸煮釜、２はカセ
ット、３は粒状固形食品、４はその容器、５は枝管、６
はダミー粒子、７はダミー容器、８は温度センサー、９
は温度指示計、１０は殺菌値（Ｆ値）演算器、１１は記
録計、１２はシールアタッチメントを示している。In FIG. 1, 1 is a pressure steamer, 2 is a cassette, 3 is granular solid food, 4 is its container, 5 is a branch pipe, 6
Is a dummy particle, 7 is a dummy container, 8 is a temperature sensor, 9
Denotes a temperature indicator, 10 denotes a sterilization value (F value) calculator, 11 denotes a recorder, and 12 denotes a seal attachment.
【００１３】加圧蒸煮釜１は、ステンレス等の防錆機能
をもつ金属材料により円筒形状に製作され、カセット２
を長手方向に移動可能に支持するレール（図示省略）を
備え、両端にはボール弁等の弁装置１ａ、１ｂを具備す
る。この弁装置１ａ、１ｂは、エアーシリンダ又は電磁
ソレノイド装置等によって開閉駆動可能とされる。ま
た、加圧蒸煮釜１は、真空脱気装置１ｃに自動弁１ｄを
介して接続される真空脱気用配管１ｅと、クリーン蒸気
発生装置１ｆに自動弁１ｇを介して接続されるクリーン
蒸気供給配管１ｈと、開閉弁１ｉを備えたドレン排出管
１ｊとを具備しており、粒状固形食品３の殺菌、調理
時、真空脱気、蒸気吹き込み昇温、一定時間加圧蒸煮、
大気圧まで降圧の繰り返し操作が可能とされている。The pressure cooker 1 is made of a metal material having a rust-preventing function such as stainless steel into a cylindrical shape.
Is provided with a rail (not shown) that movably supports in the longitudinal direction, and valve devices 1a and 1b such as ball valves are provided at both ends. The valve devices 1a and 1b can be opened and closed by an air cylinder or an electromagnetic solenoid device. Further, the pressure steamer 1 has a vacuum deaeration pipe 1e connected to the vacuum deaerator 1c via an automatic valve 1d, and a clean steam supply connected to the clean steam generator 1f via an automatic valve 1g. A pipe 1h and a drain discharge pipe 1j provided with an on-off valve 1i are provided, and when sterilizing and cooking the granular solid food 3, vacuum degassing, steam blowing and heating, pressurized steaming for a certain time,
It is possible to repeat the operation of reducing the pressure to atmospheric pressure.
【００１４】カセット２は、所定量の粒状固形食品３を
充填した容器４を等間隔で１列に所定個数並べて加圧蒸
煮釜１内に挿入するためのもので、上面が開口した直方
体箱形状をなし、側面に多数の蒸気通過孔を備え、上面
には、蓋２ａが容器４から若干上方へ離隔して設置され
ている。このカセット２及び蓋２ａは、ステンレス等の
防錆機能をもつ金属製又は耐熱性プラスチック製とされ
ている。The cassette 2 is for inserting a predetermined number of containers 4 filled with a predetermined amount of granular solid foods 3 in a line at equal intervals into the pressure cooker 1, and has a rectangular parallelepiped box shape with an open upper surface. And a plurality of vapor passage holes on the side surface, and a lid 2a is provided on the upper surface so as to be slightly above the container 4. The cassette 2 and the lid 2a are made of a metal such as stainless steel having a rust prevention function or a heat-resistant plastic.
【００１５】粒状固形食品３は、米、穀類、麺類、豆類
等の粒状固形食品であって、予め、水洗いし、水に浸漬
した状態（吸水状態）で水切りして容器４に所定量（例
えば、一食分）計量充填される。The granular solid food 3 is a granular solid food such as rice, cereals, noodles, beans, etc., and is washed in advance, drained in a state of being immersed in water (water absorbing state), and a predetermined amount (for example, , One serving) is metered and filled.
【００１６】容器４は、最終包装用の容器となるものが
使用され、その材質は、耐熱性プラスチック、金属その
他適宜の材料が使用され、その形状は、図２の（Ａ）に
示す碗形カップ状や、（Ｂ）に示す平底で浅いカップ状
その他適宜の形状とされる。The container 4 is used as a container for final packaging, and is made of heat-resistant plastic, metal or any other suitable material. The shape of the container 4 is a bowl shape shown in FIG. It has a cup shape, a flat-bottomed shallow cup shape shown in FIG.
【００１７】枝管５は、加圧蒸煮釜１の途中一部に加圧
蒸煮釜１内と連通状態で水平に分岐設置され、端部に開
閉可能な蓋５ａが設置される。この蓋５ａは例えば、ア
イボルトのような簡易蓋構造にする。The branch pipe 5 is horizontally installed at a part of the pressure cooker 1 so as to communicate with the inside of the pressure cooker 1, and has a lid 5a which can be opened and closed at an end thereof. The lid 5a has a simple lid structure such as an eyebolt.
【００１８】ダミー粒子６は、粒状固形食品３と略同程
度の吸水性を備え、しかも、繰り返し使用可能な耐熱性
素材で図２の（Ｃ）に示すように、粒状に構成される。
即ち、一度セットしたら繰り返し使うため、例えば、穀
類のように多孔質粒状である程度吸水性のある木材チッ
プを使用する。The dummy particles 6 have substantially the same water absorbency as the granular solid food 3 and are made of a heat-resistant material that can be used repeatedly, and are formed in a granular shape as shown in FIG. 2C.
In other words, once set, the wood chips are used repeatedly, and therefore, for example, wood chips that are porous and granular and have a certain degree of water absorption, such as cereals, are used.
【００１９】ダミー容器７は、枝管５内に出し入れ可能
に装填され、底面にＵ字形ドレン管７ａを備え粒状固形
食品３の容器４と同様な耐熱性素材で構成される。本実
施例では、ダミー容器７は耐熱性プラスチックを使用し
ている。そして、ダミー容器７の深さが可変となるよう
に底板７ｂの高さ位置をストッパー７ｃ等によって任意
の位置で固定できるようにしている。このストッパー７
ｃは、例えば、ダミー容器７の側面に高さ方向に長いス
リット孔７ｄを形成し、このスリット孔７ｄの任意の位
置でストッパー７ｃを固定できるようにしている。な
お、底板７ｂの高さ位置を変更可能に固定するには他の
手段、例えば、高さ方向の調整ねじを設置してもよい。
上記底板７ｂは、周囲にＯリング７ｅを装着してダミー
粒子６の流出を防止している。また、上記底板７ｂに
は、Ｕ字形ドレン管７ａを設置し、これにより、凝縮ド
レンが常時排出でき、かつ、下部に溜まった空気が蒸気
との比重差で抜け出さない構造としている。The dummy container 7 is removably loaded into the branch pipe 5, has a U-shaped drain pipe 7a on the bottom surface, and is made of the same heat-resistant material as the granular solid food 3 container 4. In this embodiment, the dummy container 7 uses a heat-resistant plastic. The height of the bottom plate 7b can be fixed at an arbitrary position by a stopper 7c or the like so that the depth of the dummy container 7 is variable. This stopper 7
c, for example, a slit hole 7d long in the height direction is formed on the side surface of the dummy container 7, and the stopper 7c can be fixed at an arbitrary position of the slit hole 7d. In order to fix the height of the bottom plate 7b so as to be changeable, another means, for example, a height adjusting screw may be provided.
The bottom plate 7b is provided with an O-ring 7e around it to prevent the dummy particles 6 from flowing out. The bottom plate 7b is provided with a U-shaped drain pipe 7a so that the condensed drain can always be discharged and the air accumulated in the lower part does not escape due to the difference in specific gravity with the steam.
【００２０】実施例： ダミー粒子６： 素材：最大含水率が３８〜４２ｗｔ％位の木材（ナラ、
ブナなどの固いもの）チップ 寸法：約φ３〜４ｍｍ×Ｌ４〜５ｍｍの円柱状（乾燥木
材で）含水時の膨張が小さい 前処理：水浸漬したものの含水率（約３２ｗｔ％） ダミー容器７： 素材：耐熱性プラスチック 寸法：約φ９０ｍｍ×Ｈ（ｍａｘ）１００＊（ｍｉｎ）
１０ｍｍ深さ可変式 底構造：Ｕ字形ドレン管７ａ付き 枝 管５：容器４内の粒状固形食品３と同一レベルに
なるように水平方向に出す。Example: Dummy particles 6: Material: Wood having a maximum moisture content of about 38 to 42% by weight (Japanese oak,
Hard material such as beech) Chip Dimensions: Approximately φ3 to 4 mm × L4 to 5 mm Column (with dry wood) Low expansion when wetted Pretreatment: Moisture content of water immersed (approx. 32 wt%) Dummy container 7: Material ： Heat-resistant plastic Dimensions: about φ90mm × H (max) 100 * (min)
10 mm depth variable type Bottom structure: Branch pipe 5 with U-shaped drain pipe 7a: Dispensed horizontally so as to be at the same level as granular solid food 3 in container 4.
【００２１】枝管５の先端はダミー容器７を容易に出し
入れ出来るように簡易開閉蓋５ａを取付ける。A simple opening / closing lid 5a is attached to the tip of the branch pipe 5 so that the dummy container 7 can be easily taken in and out.
【００２２】ダミー容器７の深さＨは容器４の深さＨに
合わせられるように可変にする。The depth H of the dummy container 7 is made variable so as to match the depth H of the container 4.
【００２３】ダミー粒子６の充填高さｈは、容器４内の
粒状固形食品３の高さｈに合わせるように充填する。The filling height h of the dummy particles 6 is adjusted so as to match the height h of the granular solid food 3 in the container 4.
【００２４】ダミー容器７の側面に温度センサー８の取
付口７ｆを設け、少なくとも、上、中、下の異なる高さ
位置における複数箇所の温度が計測出来るようにする。A mounting opening 7f for the temperature sensor 8 is provided on the side surface of the dummy container 7 so that at least a plurality of temperatures can be measured at different upper, middle and lower height positions.
【００２５】そして、シールアタッチメント１２によ
り、枝管５の外部の温度指示計９や殺菌値（Ｆ値）演算
器１０及び記録計１１でモニター出来るようにする。以
後、ダミー粒子６及びダミー容器７はそのまま枝管５内
に設置しておき、連続して使用してゆく。The seal attachment 12 enables monitoring by the temperature indicator 9, the sterilization value (F value) calculator 10, and the recorder 11 outside the branch pipe 5. Thereafter, the dummy particles 6 and the dummy container 7 are set in the branch pipe 5 as they are, and are used continuously.
【００２６】上記実施例により無菌化米飯を製造する工
程を説明する。先ず、適宜の洗米機で洗米し水切りした
米を容器４に一食分（例：１００〜１１０ｇ）充填し、
これをカセット２に配列し、このカセット２を加圧蒸煮
釜１内に装填する。そして、両端の弁装置１ａ、１ｂを
閉じ、真空脱気装置１ｃにより真空脱気用配管１ｄを介
して加圧蒸煮釜１内を所定の真空圧（例：３０ｔｏｒ
ｒ）まで真空脱気する。続いて、クリーン蒸気発生装置
１ｆからクリーン蒸気供給配管１ｈを介して所定温度
（例：１３０℃）のクリーン蒸気を加圧蒸煮釜１内に送
り込み、容器４内の米を所定時間（例：６．５分）、加
圧蒸煮をして殺菌、調理し、大気圧まで降圧してクリー
ンブースへ取り出す。次いで、容器４内に無菌化処理し
た水を所定量（例：９０ｇ）充填し、これも無菌化処理
したフィルムを用いて容器４の上面をヒートシール等に
より密封シールし、反転蒸らしを行い、レトルト殺菌機
等を用いて仕上げし、乾燥し、包装して製品とする。こ
のようにして製造した製品の物質収支の計算例を次に示
す。The process for producing sterilized cooked rice according to the above embodiment will be described. First, the rice washed and drained with an appropriate rice washing machine is filled into the container 4 for one serving (eg, 100 to 110 g),
These are arranged in a cassette 2, and the cassette 2 is loaded into the pressure cooker 1. Then, the valve devices 1a and 1b at both ends are closed, and the inside of the pressure cooker 1 is subjected to a predetermined vacuum pressure (for example, 30 torr) via the vacuum deaeration pipe 1d by the vacuum deaerator 1c.
Vacuum degas until r). Subsequently, clean steam at a predetermined temperature (eg, 130 ° C.) is sent from the clean steam generator 1f via the clean steam supply pipe 1h into the pressurized steamer 1, and the rice in the container 4 is allowed to flow for a predetermined time (eg, 6). .5 minutes), sterilize by cooking under pressure, cook, and reduce the pressure to atmospheric pressure to take out to a clean booth. Next, the container 4 is filled with a predetermined amount (eg, 90 g) of sterilized water, and the upper surface of the container 4 is also hermetically sealed by heat sealing or the like using a sterilized film. Finish using a retort sterilizer or the like, dry, and package to obtain a product. An example of calculating the material balance of a product manufactured in this manner is shown below.
【００２７】無菌化包装米飯の製造における収支計算例 水浸漬米の水分率：３２ｗｔ％ 水浸漬米の比熱 ：０．５×０．６８＋１×０．３２＝
０．６６ ／ｇ℃ 水浸漬米の供給量：１１０ｇ／容器 水浸漬米の正味固形分：１１０×（１−０．３２）＝７
４．８ｇ／容器 水浸漬米の供給温度 ：２５℃ 脱気時の真空到達度 ：３０ｔｏｒｒ（平衡飽和温度：
２９℃） 加圧蒸煮温度 ：１３０℃ （飽和圧力：１．７
５４ＫＧ） １３０℃蒸気の潜熱 ：５１９．１ ／ｇ 浸漬米の昇温時の蒸気凝縮量：１１０×０．６６×（１
３０−２５）／５１９．１＝１４．６９ｇ／容器 容器の昇温時の蒸気凝縮量：（１０×０．５×（１３０
−２５）／５１９．１）×（１／２）＝０．５１ｇ／容
器 上記合計蒸気凝縮量 ：１４．６９＋０．５１＝
１５．２ｇ／容器 蒸煮終了時の蒸煮米の重量 ：１１０＋１５．２＝１２
５．２ｇ／容器（米が凝縮水吸収） この時の水分率：（（１２５．２−７４．８）／１２
５．２）×１００＝４０．３ｗｔ％ 蒸煮米の比熱：０．５×０．５９７＋１×０．４０３＝
０．７０２ ／ｇ℃ 大気圧まで降圧した時の蒸煮量：１２５．２×０．７０
２×（１３０−１００）／５４０＝４．８８ｇ／容器 この時の重量：１２５．２−４．８８＝１２０．３２ｇ
／容器 大気圧における蒸煮米の水分率：（（１２０．３２−７
４．８）／１２０．３２）×１００＝３７．８３ｗｔ％ その時の水浸漬したダミー粒子の収支計算例 これは上記各項目における物性値が水浸漬米と同一とな
るようなダミー粒子を使用すると仮定する。Example of calculation of balance in the production of aseptic packaged rice cooked Moisture content of water-immersed rice: 32 wt% Specific heat of water-immersed rice: 0.5 × 0.68 + 1 × 0.32 =
0.66 / g ° C. Supply amount of water-immersed rice: 110 g / container Net solid content of water-immersed rice: 110 × (1-0.32) = 7
4.8 g / container Supply temperature of water-immersed rice: 25 ° C. Degree of vacuum at the time of deaeration: 30 torr (equilibrium saturation temperature:
29 ° C) Steam cooking temperature: 130 ° C (Saturation pressure: 1.7)
54KG) Latent heat of steam at 130 ° C .: 519.1 / g Amount of steam condensed at the time of raising the temperature of immersed rice: 110 × 0.66 × (1
30-25) /519.1=14.69 g / container The amount of vapor condensed when the temperature of the container was raised: (10 × 0.5 × (130
−25) /519.1) × (１ ／) = 0.51 g / container Total vapor condensed amount: 14.69 + 0.51 =
15.2 g / container Weight of steamed rice at the end of steaming: 110 + 15.2 = 12
5.2 g / container (rice absorbs condensed water) Moisture content at this time: ((125.2-74.8) / 12
5.2) × 100 = 40.3 wt% Specific heat of steamed rice: 0.5 × 0.597 + 1 × 0.403 =
0.702 / g ° C. Steaming amount when the pressure is reduced to atmospheric pressure: 125.2 × 0.70
2 × (130-100) /540=4.88 g / container Weight at this time: 125.2−4.88 = 120.32 g
/ Container moisture content of steamed rice at atmospheric pressure: ((120.32-7
4.8) /120.32) × 100 = 37.83 wt% An example of the calculation of the balance of the dummy particles immersed in water at that time. Assume.
【００２８】１バッチ終了後のダミー粒子の比熱：０．
５×０．６２１７＋１×０．３７８３＝０．６８９２
／ｇ℃ 次バッチにおいて、（ダミーは繰り返し使用するので） 真空脱気した時の蒸発量：１２０．３２×０．６８９２
×（１００−２９）／５８０．８＝１０．１４ｇ／容器 この時の重量：１２０．３２−１０．１４＝１１０．１
８ｇ／容器 この時の水分率：（（１１０．１８−７４．８）／１１
０．１８）×１００＝３２．１１ｗｔ％・・これがダミ
ー粒子の原点となる。 以上の計算の如く、加圧蒸煮により、水浸漬米では平均
１０．３２ｇ／容器程水分が増量して、次の工程へ進
む。Specific heat of dummy particles after completion of one batch: 0.
5 × 0.6217 + 1 × 0.3783 = 0.6892
/ G ° C. In the next batch (dummy is used repeatedly), the amount of evaporation when vacuum degassing is performed: 120.32 × 0.6892
× (100−29) /580.8=10.14 g / container Weight at this time: 120.32-10.14 = 110.1.
8 g / container Moisture content at this time: ((110.18-74.8) / 11
0.18) × 100 = 32.11 wt% This is the origin of the dummy particles. As described above, the water content of the water-immersed rice is increased by an average of 10.32 g / container by pressure steaming, and the process proceeds to the next step.
【００２９】また、ダミー粒子６は繰り返し操作で、バ
ッチ毎に平均０．１８ｇ／容器づつ水分が増加してゆ
く。Further, the moisture of the dummy particles 6 is increased by an average of 0.18 g / container for each batch by repeating the operation.
【００３０】従って、物性の変化を小さくとどめるため
に、最大含水率が４０ｗｔ％付近にくるような素材が、
ダミー粒子６には求められる。Therefore, in order to keep the change in physical properties small, a material having a maximum water content of around 40 wt% is used.
Required for the dummy particles 6.
【００３１】ナラやブナなどの木材チップは比較的にこ
の条件に当てはまる。Wood chips such as oak and beech are relatively applicable to this condition.
【００３２】最大含水量以上の凝縮水はダミー容器７の
底に溜まる。The condensed water having the maximum water content or more accumulates at the bottom of the dummy container 7.
【００３３】また、蒸発蒸気は一般的に湿り蒸気の場合
が多く、凝縮水は計算以上に溜り傾向になる。In general, the evaporated steam is generally wet steam, and condensed water tends to accumulate more than calculated.
【００３４】従って、ダミー容器７はドレンを常時、排
水する必要がある。Therefore, it is necessary to always drain the dummy container 7.
【００３５】その時、ダミー容器７の底付近のエアーリ
ッチな蒸気がドレンと一緒に抜けないように工夫をする
必要がある。At this time, it is necessary to take measures so that the air-rich vapor near the bottom of the dummy container 7 does not escape together with the drain.
【００３６】エアーが抜けるとダミー容器７の底部のエ
アー濃度が変化し、品物（水浸漬米）と同じ温度条件が
得られないからである。This is because if the air escapes, the air concentration at the bottom of the dummy container 7 changes, and the same temperature condition as that of the product (water-immersed rice) cannot be obtained.
【００３７】従って、ドレンだけが抜けるようにＵ字形
ドレン管７ａを取付けるものとする。Therefore, the U-shaped drain pipe 7a is attached so that only the drain can be removed.
【００３８】このＵ字形ドレン管７ａ内のホールド液
は、脱気時の影響を少なくするため微少量にとどめるよ
うに極力細くする（例：内径φ２〜４ｍｍ）。以上の実
施例において、カップ状の容器４に処理対象物をいれた
場合、真空脱気が必要であるが、真空脱気をする場合、
処理対象物の温度が２５℃であれば、３０ｔｏｒｒ（飽
和温度：２９℃）の到達真空度が装置的には経済的であ
る。その場合、容器４内の３０ｔｏｒｒ分のエアーはそ
のまま容器４内に残る。次の昇温、加圧蒸煮で１．７５
４ＫＧ（飽和温度：１３０℃）に移ってもそのエアーは
容器４内に充填された粒状固形食品３の中に残留する。
容器４内の平均エアー濃度は、（３０／（（１＋１．７
５４）×７６０））×１００＝１．４３３ｖｏｌ％であ
り、エアーの比重は蒸気よりも重いので、容器４の底ほ
どエアー濃度は高くなる。さらに、多孔質状の粒子間に
あるエアーは拡散現象で容器４外へ飛散して行きにくい
ので、容器４の底のエアー濃度は２〜３ｖｏｌ％に上昇
していると推定される。このような観点から、本発明で
は、加圧蒸煮前に加圧蒸煮釜１ないを真空脱気してエア
ー濃度を下げ、伝熱速度を向上させているのである。The hold liquid in the U-shaped drain pipe 7a is made as thin as possible (for example, inner diameter φ2 to 4 mm) so as to keep the hold liquid in a very small amount in order to reduce the influence of degassing. In the above embodiment, when the object to be treated is placed in the cup-shaped container 4, vacuum degassing is necessary.
If the temperature of the processing object is 25 ° C., the ultimate vacuum degree of 30 torr (saturation temperature: 29 ° C.) is economical in terms of equipment. In that case, the air for 30 torr in the container 4 remains in the container 4 as it is. The next temperature rise and pressure steaming 1.75
Even if it moves to 4KG (saturation temperature: 130 ° C.), the air remains in the granular solid food 3 filled in the container 4.
The average air concentration in the container 4 is (30 / ((1 + 1.7)
54) × 760)) × 100 = 1.433 vol%, and the specific gravity of air is heavier than that of steam, so that the air concentration becomes higher toward the bottom of the container 4. Further, since the air between the porous particles is hard to scatter outside the container 4 due to the diffusion phenomenon, the air concentration at the bottom of the container 4 is estimated to have increased to 2 to 3 vol%. From such a viewpoint, in the present invention, the pressure steamer 1 is vacuum-deaerated before the pressure steaming to reduce the air concentration and improve the heat transfer rate.
【００３９】上記現象が蒸気の直接伝熱に及ぼす影響は
下記のデータの如く非常に顕著に現われる。The effect of the above phenomena on the direct heat transfer of steam is very remarkable as shown in the following data.
【００４０】水蒸気の凝縮伝熱の境膜伝熱係数ｈに及ぼ
す空気混入の影響 （温度差：２０℃想定）・・化工便覧、水平パイプの伝
熱より引用 ＜空気濃度＞ ＜境膜伝熱係数：ｈ＞ ｖｏｌ％ ／ｍ2・ｈ・℃ ０．０ ７８５０ １．０７ ４３５０ １．９６ ３１００ ２．８９ ２６５０ ４．５３ １９００ 上記のように、エアー濃度が２ｖｏｌ％に上昇するとた
ちまち、伝熱性能が５０％以下になることが判ってい
る。残留エアーが蒸気直接伝熱における最大の阻害要因
になっている。実際のテストデータにおいても容器４の
底の温度が一番上がりにくく、裏付けは完全に取れてい
る。Influence of air mixing on film heat transfer coefficient h of condensation heat transfer of water vapor (Temperature difference: assumed to be 20 ° C) .. quoted from Chemical Handbook, heat transfer of horizontal pipe <Air concentration><Film film heat transfer Coefficient: h> vol% / m 2 · h · ° C. 0.0 7850 1.07 4350 1.96 3100 2.89 2650 4.53 1900 As described above, when the air concentration increases to 2 vol%, heat transfer occurs immediately. Performance has been found to be less than 50%. Residual air is the biggest obstacle to direct steam heat transfer. In the actual test data, the temperature at the bottom of the container 4 is hardest to rise, and the backing is completely removed.
【００４１】このようなエアー残留による伝熱障害は製
造工程における真空トラブルでも発生する可能性があ
り、各バッチ毎の温度（殺菌値）のモニターは必要不可
欠である。従って、ダミー容器７の条件は、不凝縮性ガ
スの障害を同一条件にするため、容器の深さや、ダミー
粒子６の充填高さを処理対象物に合わせる必要がある。
そのため、ダミー容器７の深さを処理対象物の容器４に
合わせて可変にできることと、温度センサー８を最下部
とその上に複数本装着できる構造とが必要である。本発
明者らは、粒状固形食品３の加圧蒸煮においては、以上
のようなダミー容器７と処理対象物の容器４の内部の温
度履歴はほぼ、同じものが得られることを確認したもの
で、これにより、精度の高い殺菌値モニターが提供でき
るものである。Such a heat transfer failure due to residual air may occur even in a vacuum trouble in the manufacturing process, and it is essential to monitor the temperature (sterilization value) of each batch. Therefore, the conditions of the dummy container 7 must be the same as the depth of the container and the filling height of the dummy particles 6 in order to make the obstacle of the non-condensable gas the same condition.
Therefore, a structure is required in which the depth of the dummy container 7 can be changed according to the container 4 to be processed and a plurality of temperature sensors 8 can be mounted on the lowermost portion and on the lowermost portion. The present inventors have confirmed that, in the pressure steaming of the granular solid food 3, the temperature histories inside the dummy container 7 and the container 4 for the object to be treated as described above can be substantially the same. Thus, a highly accurate sterilization value monitor can be provided.
【００４２】[0042]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、加圧蒸煮釜で殺菌、調
理する粒状固形食品の各バッチ毎の殺菌効果をモニター
（監視、記録等）することができ、これによって、粒状
固形食品の製造工程を的確にコントロールすることがで
き、特に、各バッチの殺菌値を記録に残し、安全性を科
学的に保証する体制を築くことができる。また、蒸煮殺
菌工程が正常であるかどうかを空運転で何時でも判定す
ることができる。According to the present invention, it is possible to monitor (monitor, record, etc.) the sterilizing effect of each batch of granular solid food to be sterilized and cooked in a pressure steaming kettle. The production process can be precisely controlled, and in particular, the sterilization value of each batch can be recorded and a system for scientifically assuring safety can be established. In addition, whether the steam sterilization process is normal or not can be determined at any time during idle operation.
【図１】本発明の方法を実施するための装置の概略構成
を示す斜視図。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of an apparatus for performing a method of the present invention.
【図２】（Ａ）は粒状固形食品を充填した容器の形状例
を示す縦断面図、（Ｂ）はその別の形状例を示す縦断面
図、（Ｃ）はダミー粒子の形状例を示す斜視図、（Ｄ）
はダミー容器を枝管内に装填した状態で示す本発明装置
の構成説明図。FIG. 2A is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of the shape of a container filled with granular solid food, FIG. 2B is a longitudinal sectional view showing another example of the shape, and FIG. 2C is an example of the shape of dummy particles. Perspective view, (D)
FIG. 3 is a configuration explanatory view of the apparatus of the present invention, showing a state where a dummy container is loaded in a branch pipe.
１ 加圧蒸煮釜 ２ カセット ３ 粒状固形食品 ４ 容器 ５ 枝管 ６ ダミー粒子 ７ ダミー容器 ８ 温度センサー ９ 温度指示計 １０ 殺菌値（Ｆ値）演算器 １１ 記録計 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pressurized steamer 2 Cassette 3 Granular solid food 4 Container 5 Branch pipe 6 Dummy particle 7 Dummy container 8 Temperature sensor 9 Temperature indicator 10 Sterilization value (F value) calculator 11 Recorder
Claims (2)
粒状固形食品を直接加圧蒸煮し、殺菌及び調理する加圧
蒸煮釜に枝管を取付け、該枝管内に粒状固形食品と同様
なダミー粒子を充填したダミー容器を装填し、該ダミー
容器内に充填したダミー粒子の高さ方向の異なる位置に
複数の温度センサーを装填し、各温度センサーにより検
出された温度から殺菌値（Ｆ値）を演算し、指示と記録
の両方又は一方を行うようになしたことを特徴とする粒
状固形食品用殺菌値モニター方法。1. A granular solid food is directly pressure-steamed in a state filled in a container of a predetermined shape, and a branch tube is attached to a pressure-steaming kettle for sterilization and cooking. A dummy container filled with dummy particles is loaded, a plurality of temperature sensors are loaded at different positions in the height direction of the dummy particles filled in the dummy container, and a sterilization value (F value) is determined based on the temperature detected by each temperature sensor. ) Is calculated, and both or one of the instruction and the recording is performed.
加圧蒸煮、大気圧まで降圧の繰り返し操作が可能とさ
れ、所定形状の容器に所定量充填した状態で粒状固形食
品を直接加圧蒸煮し、殺菌及び調理するための加圧蒸煮
釜と、 該加圧蒸煮釜に分岐連通させて設置され開閉可能な蓋を
備えた枝管と、 該枝管内に出し入れ可能に装填され、底面にＵ字形ドレ
ン管を備え耐熱性素材で構成されたダミー容器と、 該ダミー容器内に前記粒状固形食品と略同一高さ及び体
積で充填され、該粒状固形食品と略同程度の吸水性を備
え、しかも、耐熱性素材で粒状に構成されたダミー粒子
と、 前記ダミー容器内に充填したダミー粒子の高さ方向の異
なる位置に装填された複数の温度センサーと、 各温度センサーで検出された温度から殺菌値（Ｆ値）を
演算する演算器及び指示計並びに記録計とで構成したこ
とを特徴とする粒状固形食品用殺菌値モニター装置。2. It is possible to repeatedly operate vacuum degassing, steam blowing, heating, pressurized steaming for a certain period of time, and pressure reduction to atmospheric pressure, and directly pressurize a granular solid food in a state where a predetermined amount is filled in a container of a predetermined shape. A steaming kettle for steaming, sterilizing and cooking, a branch pipe provided with a lid that can be opened and closed in a branch communication with the steaming kettle; A dummy container comprising a U-shaped drain pipe and made of a heat-resistant material, filled in the dummy container at substantially the same height and volume as the granular solid food, and provided with substantially the same water absorption as the granular solid food; Moreover, dummy particles formed of a heat-resistant material in a granular form, a plurality of temperature sensors loaded at different positions in the height direction of the dummy particles filled in the dummy container, and a temperature detected by each temperature sensor Calculate the sterilization value (F value) from That the arithmetic unit and indicator and recorder with the particulate solid food sterilizing value monitoring apparatus characterized by being configured with.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8003360A JP2793543B2 (en) | 1996-01-11 | 1996-01-11 | Method and apparatus for monitoring sterilization value for granular solid food |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8003360A JP2793543B2 (en) | 1996-01-11 | 1996-01-11 | Method and apparatus for monitoring sterilization value for granular solid food |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09187260A true JPH09187260A (en) | 1997-07-22 |
| JP2793543B2 JP2793543B2 (en) | 1998-09-03 |
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ID=11555190
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2856044A1 (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2004-12-17 | Daniel Gaignoux | Procedure and apparatus for transporting objects in a fluid, e.g. for continuous sterilization of objects, uses containers of similar density to that of transporting fluid |
| CN104013068A (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2014-09-03 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Automatic control system of high-temperature pulse hot water spray sterilization device |
| JP2019106900A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-07-04 | 花王株式会社 | Method of producing roasted coffee bean |
-
1996
- 1996-01-11 JP JP8003360A patent/JP2793543B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2856044A1 (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2004-12-17 | Daniel Gaignoux | Procedure and apparatus for transporting objects in a fluid, e.g. for continuous sterilization of objects, uses containers of similar density to that of transporting fluid |
| CN104013068A (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2014-09-03 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Automatic control system of high-temperature pulse hot water spray sterilization device |
| JP2019106900A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-07-04 | 花王株式会社 | Method of producing roasted coffee bean |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2793543B2 (en) | 1998-09-03 |
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