JPH09172206A - Superconducting current limiting device - Google Patents
Superconducting current limiting deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09172206A JPH09172206A JP7347564A JP34756495A JPH09172206A JP H09172206 A JPH09172206 A JP H09172206A JP 7347564 A JP7347564 A JP 7347564A JP 34756495 A JP34756495 A JP 34756495A JP H09172206 A JPH09172206 A JP H09172206A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- superconducting
- current
- cylindrical
- cylinder
- silver
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
Landscapes
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、超電導体を用いて
過電流を限流する超電導限流器に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a superconducting fault current limiter that limits an overcurrent by using a superconductor.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】電力系統において短絡事故が起こると過
電流が流れるため、系統内の機器に破損を生じるおそれ
がある。このため、一般に電力系統には、短絡時の過電
流を制限する限流器が接続されている。この限流器に
は、過電流を瞬時に遮断できること、短絡が起きていな
い平常時にはインピーダンスが小さく電力を消費しない
こと等の性能が要求され、このため超電導体を利用した
超電導限流器が種々提案されている。このような超電導
限流器の一つに、電力系統に限流用のコイルを接続し、
このコイルに筒状の超電導体を配置し電磁結合した磁気
遮蔽型超電導限流器と呼ばれているタイプのものがあ
る。2. Description of the Related Art When a short-circuit accident occurs in a power system, an overcurrent flows, which may damage equipment in the system. For this reason, a current limiting device that limits an overcurrent at the time of a short circuit is generally connected to the power system. This fault current limiter is required to have the capability of instantaneously interrupting an overcurrent, low impedance, and low power consumption during normal times when no short circuit occurs.Therefore, various superconducting fault current limiters using superconductors are required. Proposed. To one of such superconducting fault current limiters, connect a coil for current limiting to the power system,
There is a type called a magnetic shield type superconducting fault current limiter in which a tubular superconductor is electromagnetically coupled to this coil.
【0003】この超電導限流器による過電流の限流作用
は以下のように行われる。限流器を冷却容器で十分に冷
却し、超電導体を超電導状態とする。この状態でコイル
に交流電流が流れると、平常時の限流器ではコイルから
生じる磁束が超電導体のマイスナー効果により遮蔽され
る。このため、コイルのインダクタンスは非常に小さい
値となり、従って、平常時においては超電導限流器によ
る電力損失は極めて少ない。The current limiting action of the overcurrent by this superconducting fault current limiter is performed as follows. Cool the fault current limiter sufficiently with a cooling container to put the superconductor in the superconducting state. When an alternating current flows through the coil in this state, the magnetic flux generated from the coil is shielded by the Meissner effect of the superconductor in the current limiter in normal times. Therefore, the inductance of the coil has a very small value, and therefore the power loss due to the superconducting fault current limiter is extremely small in normal times.
【0004】しかし、電力系統に短絡事故が起こり、コ
イルに流れる過電流により磁束が急増すると臨界状態が
破られ、コイルからの磁束が遮蔽されることなくコイル
と結合する。このため、コイルのインダクタンスが急激
に増加し、これに応じて、コイルに流れる過電流が限流
されることになる。However, when a short circuit accident occurs in the power system and the magnetic flux rapidly increases due to an overcurrent flowing in the coil, the critical state is broken, and the magnetic flux from the coil is coupled to the coil without being shielded. For this reason, the inductance of the coil sharply increases, and the overcurrent flowing through the coil is limited accordingly.
【0005】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】このような超電導限流
器において、超電導体として高温超電導体を用いる場合
には、高温超電導体は材質が非常にもろいセラミクスで
あるため、補強のための構造基体を設け、その上に超電
導体層を形成することが望ましい。高温超電導体層を形
成するための基体としては、銀等の良導体が用いられる
が、この場合には以下のような問題がある。In such a superconducting fault current limiter, when a high-temperature superconductor is used as the superconductor, the high-temperature superconductor has a very brittle ceramic material, so that a structural base material for reinforcement is used. Is preferably provided, and the superconductor layer is formed thereon. A good conductor such as silver is used as the substrate for forming the high temperature superconductor layer, but in this case, there are the following problems.
【0006】すなわち、電力系統に短絡事故が起こり過
電流がコイルに流れた場合、コイルから生じる磁束が急
激に増加して超電導体の臨界状態を破り、これによって
超電導体が常電導状態となる。このため、コイルから生
じる磁束を遮蔽する効果が失われて、前記限流作用が生
じるのであるが、この状態になると、磁束の変化により
前記導電性の基体内にはうず電流(遮蔽電流)が生じ
る。このうず電流は磁束の変化を抑制するように流れる
ことから、限流動作に必要なコイルのインダクタンスの
増加が制限され、このため、コイルに流れる過電流を充
分に限流することができず、限流器の性能を低下させて
しまう。That is, when a short circuit accident occurs in the power system and an overcurrent flows through the coil, the magnetic flux generated from the coil rapidly increases and breaks the critical state of the superconductor, whereby the superconductor enters the normal conducting state. Therefore, the effect of shielding the magnetic flux generated from the coil is lost and the current limiting action occurs. In this state, however, an eddy current (shielding current) is generated in the conductive substrate due to the change in the magnetic flux. Occurs. Since this eddy current flows so as to suppress the change in magnetic flux, the increase in the inductance of the coil necessary for current limiting operation is limited, and therefore the overcurrent flowing in the coil cannot be sufficiently limited. It will reduce the performance of the fault current limiter.
【0007】そこで、本発明は、超電導体を導電性基体
に積層した形式の限流器において、限流動作の性能低下
を回避できる高性能の超電導限流器を提供することを目
的としたものである。Accordingly, the present invention has an object to provide a high-performance superconducting fault current limiter in which a superconducting conductor is laminated on a conductive substrate so as to avoid deterioration in performance of current limiting operation. Is.
【0008】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】前述の目的を達成するた
め、請求項1に係る発明は、筒状超電導磁気遮蔽体と該
筒状超電導磁気遮蔽体の周りに設けられたコイルを有す
る超電導限流器において、前記筒状超電導磁気遮蔽体
が、筒状超電導体層と、周方向の内部電流の発生を妨げ
る電流阻止部を有する筒状導電性基体層との同心状の積
層からなることを特徴とするものである。In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention according to claim 1 has a superconducting limit having a cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield and a coil provided around the cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield. In the current transformer, the cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield comprises a concentric lamination of a cylindrical superconducting layer and a cylindrical conductive substrate layer having a current blocking portion that prevents the generation of an internal current in the circumferential direction. It is a feature.
【0009】すなわち、限流動作時には、筒状超電導体
層が常電導状態となり、この時超電導体層自体は高抵抗
を有するが、その構造基体である筒状導電性基体層には
磁束変化によってうず電流が生じる。このうず電流によ
って基体層に周方向内部電流が発生すると磁束変化が抑
制されるので、これを電流阻止部によって妨げるもので
ある。That is, during the current limiting operation, the tubular superconductor layer is in the normal conducting state, and at this time, the superconductor layer itself has a high resistance, but the tubular conductive substrate layer, which is the structural substrate, is changed by the magnetic flux change. Eddy current is generated. When this eddy current causes a circumferential internal current to be generated in the base layer, the change in magnetic flux is suppressed, and this is prevented by the current blocking portion.
【0010】「周方向の内部電流の発生を妨げる」と
は、筒状導電性基体層の内部に周方向に流れようとする
うず電流を完全に遮断すること、またはこのうず電流の
大きさを小さくすることをいう。電流阻止部は、基体層
に絶縁体または高抵抗体を介在させることによっても形
成できる。例えば、筒状導電性基体層の一部に不純物注
入領域を形成し、ここを電流阻止部としても、あるいは
筒状導電性基体層の一部を薄肉化して、ここを電流阻止
部としてもよい。"To prevent the generation of an internal current in the circumferential direction" means to completely cut off the eddy current which tends to flow in the circumferential direction inside the cylindrical conductive substrate layer, or to determine the magnitude of this eddy current. To make it smaller. The current blocking portion can also be formed by interposing an insulator or a high resistance material in the base layer. For example, an impurity injection region may be formed in a part of the cylindrical conductive base layer and used as a current blocking portion, or a part of the cylindrical conductive base layer may be thinned and used as a current blocking portion. .
【0011】請求項2に係る発明は、請求項1による発
明において、前記電流阻止部が間隙によって形成されて
いることを特徴とするものである。The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the current blocking portion is formed by a gap.
【0012】請求項3に係る発明は、筒状超電導磁気遮
蔽体と該筒状超電導磁気遮蔽体の周りに設けられたコイ
ルを有する超電導限流器において、前記筒状超電導磁気
遮蔽体が、環状超電導体層と、周方向の内部電流の発生
を妨げる電流阻止部を有する環状導電性基体層とを互い
の端面で積層してなる積層体からなることを特徴とする
ものである。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in a superconducting fault current limiter having a cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield and a coil provided around the cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield, the cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield has an annular shape. The present invention is characterized in that the superconductor layer and a ring-shaped conductive base layer having a current blocking portion that prevents the generation of an internal current in the circumferential direction are laminated at their end faces.
【0013】すなわち、限流動作時には、環状超電導体
層が常電導状態となり、この時超電導体層自体は高抵抗
を有するが、その構造基体である環状導電性基体層には
磁束変化によってうず電流が生じる。このうず電流によ
って基体層に周方向内部電流が発生すると磁束変化が抑
制されるので、これを電流阻止部によって妨げるもので
ある。That is, during the current limiting operation, the annular superconductor layer is in a normal conducting state, and at this time, the superconductor layer itself has a high resistance, but the annular conductive substrate layer, which is the structural substrate, has an eddy current due to a change in magnetic flux. Occurs. When this eddy current causes a circumferential internal current to be generated in the base layer, the change in magnetic flux is suppressed, and this is prevented by the current blocking portion.
【0014】この場合も、「周方向の内部電流の発生を
妨げる」とは、環状導電性基体層の内部に周方向に流れ
ようとするうず電流を完全に遮断すること、またはこの
うず電流の大きさを小さくすることをいう。電流阻止部
は、基体層に絶縁体または高抵抗体を介在させることに
よっても形成できる。例えば、環状導電性基体層の一部
に不純物注入領域を形成し、ここを電流阻止部として
も、あるいは環状導電性基体層の一部を薄肉化して、こ
こを電流阻止部としてもよい。Also in this case, "to prevent the generation of the internal current in the circumferential direction" means to completely cut off the eddy current that tends to flow in the circumferential direction inside the annular conductive substrate layer, or to prevent this eddy current. It means reducing the size. The current blocking portion can also be formed by interposing an insulator or a high resistance material in the base layer. For example, an impurity injection region may be formed in a part of the ring-shaped conductive base layer and used as a current blocking part, or a part of the ring-shaped conductive base layer may be thinned and used as a current blocking part.
【0015】また、超電導限流器の限流作用をより高く
するために、筒状超電導磁気遮蔽体を構成する積層の各
々の環状導電性基体層のすべてが、電流阻止部を備えて
いることが望ましい。Further, in order to further enhance the current limiting action of the superconducting fault current limiter, all of the annular conductive substrate layers of each of the laminated layers constituting the cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield are provided with current blocking portions. Is desirable.
【0016】請求項4に係る発明は、請求項3による発
明において、前記電流阻止部が間隙によって形成されて
いることを特徴とするものである。The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to claim 3, characterized in that the current blocking portion is formed by a gap.
【0017】[0017]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、図示例とともに、本発明の
実施の形態について説明する。本発明における第一の実
施形態は、導電性円筒と超電導円筒により作製した円筒
形状の一体型超電導磁気遮蔽体を利用した磁気遮蔽型超
電導限流器である。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The first embodiment of the present invention is a magnetic shield type superconducting fault current limiter using a cylindrical integral type superconducting magnetic shield made of a conductive cylinder and a superconducting cylinder.
【0018】図1は、第一の実施形態による超電導限流
器に用いられる円筒形状の一体型超電導磁気遮蔽体の構
造を示している。筒状導電性基体層を構成する銀円筒2
の外表面には筒状超電導体層を構成する超電導円筒1が
積層されており、銀円筒2には軸方向に両端間に亘るス
リット3が設けられている。このため、銀円筒2内で周
方向に流れようとするうず電流はスリット3で阻止さ
れ、周方向内部電流が発生しない構造となっている。FIG. 1 shows the structure of a cylindrical integral superconducting magnetic shield used in the superconducting fault current limiter according to the first embodiment. Silver cylinder 2 forming a cylindrical conductive substrate layer
A superconducting cylinder 1 forming a cylindrical superconductor layer is laminated on the outer surface of the, and a silver cylinder 2 is provided with a slit 3 extending axially between both ends. Therefore, the eddy current that tends to flow in the silver cylinder 2 in the circumferential direction is blocked by the slit 3, and the circumferential internal current is not generated.
【0019】この超電導磁気遮蔽体は、以下のように作
製される。Bi2 Sr2 CaCu2 Oxの粉末、アルコ
ール類及びバインダーを混合したスラリーを銀円筒2の
表面にスプレー塗布して層を形成し、これを焼成する。
その後、銀円筒2を円筒内面から軸方向に切削してスリ
ット3を設ける。スリット3には絶縁材を充填しておい
てもよい。This superconducting magnetic shield is manufactured as follows. A slurry obtained by mixing a powder of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 Ox, an alcohol and a binder is spray-coated on the surface of the silver cylinder 2 to form a layer, which is then fired.
After that, the silver cylinder 2 is axially cut from the inner surface of the cylinder to form the slit 3. The slit 3 may be filled with an insulating material.
【0020】超電導限流器は、図4に示すように、上記
の如く作製された超電導磁気遮蔽体41の回りにコイル
42を巻回し、超電導磁気遮蔽体41の円筒の中空部に
磁性材コア43を貫通配置して閉磁路を形成しておくこ
とにより構成される。In the superconducting fault current limiter, as shown in FIG. 4, a coil 42 is wound around the superconducting magnetic shield 41 produced as described above, and a magnetic material core is provided in the hollow portion of the cylinder of the superconducting magnetic shield 41. It is constituted by disposing 43 through and forming a closed magnetic circuit.
【0021】この超電導限流器を使用する場合には、電
力系統の回路中に限流器のコイルを直列に挿入する。超
電導限流器は液体窒素等を満たした冷却容器中で臨界温
度以下に冷却し、超電導遮蔽体を超電導状態にして用い
る。例えば、図5は、電力系統の短絡事故を疑似発生す
ることができる限流器性能試験回路に接続した超電導限
流器を示している。この回路は、交流電源52に接続さ
れた負荷54に対して限流器のコイル51を直列接続す
るとともに、負荷54と並列に疑似短絡用のスイッチ5
3を設けたものである。この回路において、超電導限流
器は図示しない冷却容器内で十分に冷却されている。When using this superconducting fault current limiter, the coil of the fault current limiter is inserted in series in the circuit of the power system. The superconducting fault current limiter is used by cooling the superconducting shield to a superconducting state by cooling it below a critical temperature in a cooling container filled with liquid nitrogen or the like. For example, FIG. 5 shows a superconducting fault current limiter connected to a fault current limiter performance test circuit capable of simulating a short circuit accident in a power system. In this circuit, a coil 51 of a current limiting device is connected in series to a load 54 connected to an AC power source 52, and a switch 5 for pseudo short circuit is connected in parallel with the load 54.
3 is provided. In this circuit, the superconducting fault current limiter is sufficiently cooled in a cooling container (not shown).
【0022】このように構成された超電導限流器は以下
のように動作する。電力系統に短絡事故が起きていない
平常時においては、限流器のコイル42から生じる磁束
は、超電導体のマイスナー効果により、超電導磁気遮蔽
体41の円筒の中空部に侵入できず、コア43内には磁
束が流れない。しかし、短絡が起こって限流器のコイル
42に過電流が流れると、コイル42から生じる磁束が
急増し、超電導磁気遮蔽体41による磁気遮蔽効果が失
われる。このため、円筒の中空部に磁束が侵入し、コア
43の閉磁路に大量の磁束が流れることにより、コイル
42のインダクタンスが急に増加し、過電流に対する限
流作用を生ずる。このとき、超電導磁気遮蔽体41の円
筒中空部内の磁束の変化によって銀円筒内にはうず電流
が生じることになるが、銀円筒はスリット3を有してい
るので、周方向内部電流は発生しない。このため、限流
作用に有効な磁束変化は妨げられることがなく、従っ
て、コイルのインダクタンスの増加も妨げられず、その
結果、限流作用が抑制されることはない。このように、
高温超電導体層の構造基体として良導体の銀円筒を利用
していても限流作用の性能低下を防ぐことが可能であ
る。The superconducting fault current limiter thus constructed operates as follows. During normal times when a short-circuit accident does not occur in the electric power system, the magnetic flux generated from the coil 42 of the current limiter cannot enter the hollow portion of the cylinder of the superconducting magnetic shield 41 due to the Meissner effect of the superconductor, and the inside of the core 43. No magnetic flux flows through. However, when a short circuit occurs and an overcurrent flows through the coil 42 of the current limiter, the magnetic flux generated from the coil 42 increases rapidly, and the magnetic shielding effect of the superconducting magnetic shield 41 is lost. For this reason, magnetic flux enters the hollow portion of the cylinder and a large amount of magnetic flux flows in the closed magnetic circuit of the core 43, so that the inductance of the coil 42 suddenly increases and a current limiting action against overcurrent occurs. At this time, an eddy current is generated in the silver cylinder due to a change in the magnetic flux in the hollow cylindrical portion of the superconducting magnetic shield 41, but since the silver cylinder has the slit 3, the circumferential internal current is not generated. . Therefore, the magnetic flux change effective for the current limiting action is not hindered, and accordingly, the increase in the inductance of the coil is not hindered, and as a result, the current limiting action is not suppressed. in this way,
Even when a good conductor silver cylinder is used as the structural substrate of the high temperature superconductor layer, it is possible to prevent the performance of the current limiting action from being deteriorated.
【0023】第一の実施形態では、周方向内部電流の発
生を妨げる電流阻止部として、銀円筒の一部を切削した
スリットを使用し、周方向内部電流を完全に遮断した
が、高抵抗部により周方向内部電流の発生を抑制するよ
うな電流阻止部としてもよい。例えば、この他にも、銀
円筒の一部に不純物を注入して高抵抗領域を形成するこ
と、あるいは銀円筒の一部を薄肉化することも有効であ
る。In the first embodiment, a slit formed by cutting a part of a silver cylinder is used as the current blocking portion for preventing the generation of the circumferential internal current, and the circumferential internal current is completely cut off. Therefore, a current blocking unit that suppresses the generation of a circumferential internal current may be used. For example, in addition to this, it is also effective to inject impurities into a part of the silver cylinder to form a high resistance region, or to thin a part of the silver cylinder.
【0024】第一の実施形態では、円筒形の超電導磁気
遮蔽体を形成するための円筒形の構造基体として銀円筒
を使用したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではな
く、超電導体層の構造に適した材質であれば銀以外の導
電材料を用いてもよい。In the first embodiment, a silver cylinder is used as a cylindrical structural substrate for forming a cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the superconductor layer is not limited thereto. A conductive material other than silver may be used as long as the material is suitable for the structure.
【0025】第一の実施形態では、円筒形の超電導磁気
遮蔽体を利用しているが、本発明による限流器の超電導
磁気遮蔽体は円筒形に限らず、周囲にコイルを巻付ける
ことができ、かつ中空部を磁束(コア)が貫通すること
ができる例えば矩形断面等の任意形状の筒状のものでも
よい。In the first embodiment, the cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield is used. However, the superconducting magnetic shield of the current limiter according to the present invention is not limited to the cylindrical shape, and a coil may be wound around it. It may be of a tubular shape having an arbitrary shape such as a rectangular cross section that allows the magnetic flux (core) to pass through the hollow portion.
【0026】第一の実施形態では、超電導磁気遮蔽体の
円筒の中空部に磁性材コアを設けて限流器を構成してい
るが、必ずしもコアを設ける必要はない。但し、平常時
と短絡事故時とのコイルのインダクタンスの差を大きく
するためには、高透磁率のコアを設けることが望まし
い。In the first embodiment, the magnetic material core is provided in the hollow portion of the cylinder of the superconducting magnetic shield to form the current limiter, but it is not always necessary to provide the core. However, in order to increase the difference in coil inductance between the normal state and the short-circuit accident, it is desirable to provide a core with high magnetic permeability.
【0027】本発明に係る第二の実施形態は、超電導限
流器に、複数の円環状の超電導体を軸心方向に積層した
積層型超電導磁気遮蔽体を利用したものである。The second embodiment according to the present invention uses a superconducting magnetic shield having a superconducting fault current limiter in which a plurality of annular superconductors are laminated in the axial direction.
【0028】図2に第二の実施形態に係る積層型超電導
磁気遮蔽体の構造を示す。この超電導磁気遮蔽体は、複
数の円環状の超電導体を軸方向に筒状に積み重ねて、円
筒形状に構成される。円環状の超電導体は、円環状の銀
基体22とその上に形成された超電導層21からなり、
銀基体22には径方向の間隙23が設けられ、周方向内
部電流が流れない構造となっている。FIG. 2 shows the structure of the laminated superconducting magnetic shield according to the second embodiment. This superconducting magnetic shield is formed into a cylindrical shape by stacking a plurality of annular superconductors in a tubular shape in the axial direction. The annular superconductor comprises an annular silver substrate 22 and a superconducting layer 21 formed thereon,
A gap 23 in the radial direction is provided in the silver base 22 so that a circumferential internal current does not flow.
【0029】この円環状の超電導体は、以下のように作
製される。Bi2 Sr2 CaCu2 Oxの粉末、アルコ
ール類、およびバインダーを混合したペースト層を銀シ
ートに円環状にスクリーン印刷により形成し、これを焼
成する。その後、超電導体の円環の中空部の銀シートを
打抜いて除去し、銀基体上に超電導体層を有する円環状
の超電導体を作製する。更に、銀基体22の一部を図3
のように、環状電流の経路を遮断するように銀側から切
削する。このように作製した複数の円環形状の超電導体
を互いの端面で軸方向に積み重ねることにより、円筒形
の超電導磁気遮蔽体が作製される。間隙23には絶縁体
を充填しておいてもよい。The annular superconductor is manufactured as follows. A paste layer in which a powder of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 Ox, an alcohol, and a binder are mixed is formed on a silver sheet by screen printing in an annular shape, and is baked. After that, the silver sheet in the hollow portion of the circular ring of the superconductor is punched out and removed to produce a circular superconductor having a superconductor layer on the silver base. Furthermore, a part of the silver base 22 is shown in FIG.
As shown in, the cutting is performed from the silver side so as to block the path of the annular current. A cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield is produced by axially stacking the plurality of annular superconductors produced in this way at their end faces. The gap 23 may be filled with an insulator.
【0030】このような超電導磁気遮蔽体を利用した超
電導限流器も、図4に示すように、超電導磁気遮蔽体4
1の回りにコイル42を巻回し、超電導磁気遮蔽体41
の円筒の中空部に磁性材コア43を貫通させて閉磁路を
形成することにより構成される。A superconducting fault current limiter using such a superconducting magnetic shield is also shown in FIG.
1. A coil 42 is wound around 1 to provide a superconducting magnetic shield 41.
The magnetic material core 43 is penetrated through the hollow part of the cylinder to form a closed magnetic circuit.
【0031】この超電導限流器を使用する場合には、第
一の実施形態の場合と同様に、電力系統の回路中にコイ
ル42を接続し、限流器を冷却容器中で冷却して使用す
る。When this superconducting fault current limiter is used, as in the case of the first embodiment, the coil 42 is connected in the circuit of the power system and the fault current limiter is cooled in the cooling container before use. To do.
【0032】このように構成された超電導限流器は以下
のように動作する。電力系統に短絡事故が起きていない
平常時においては、第一の実施形態の場合と同様に、限
流器のコイル42から生じる磁束は、超電導磁気遮蔽体
41の円筒の中空部に侵入できず、コア43内には磁束
が流れない。しかし、短絡が起こり限流器のコイル42
に過電流が流れると、コイル42から生じる磁束が急増
し、超電導磁気遮蔽体41による磁気遮蔽効果が失われ
る。このため、円筒の中空部に磁束が侵入し、コア43
の閉磁路に大量の磁束が流れることによりコイル42の
インダクタンスが急に増加し、過電流に対する限流作用
を生ずる。このとき、超電導磁気遮蔽体41の円筒中空
部内の磁束の変化によって、銀基体内にはうず電流が生
じることになるが、銀基体は間隙23を有しているの
で、周方向内部電流は発生しない。このため限流作用に
有効な磁束変化は妨げられることがなく、従って、コイ
ルのインダクタンスの増加も妨げられず、その結果、限
流作用が抑制されることはない。このように、高温超電
導体層の構造基体として良導体の銀基体を利用していて
も限流作用の性能低下を防ぐことが可能である。The superconducting fault current limiter configured as described above operates as follows. During normal times when a short-circuit accident does not occur in the electric power system, as in the case of the first embodiment, the magnetic flux generated from the coil 42 of the current limiting device cannot enter the hollow portion of the cylinder of the superconducting magnetic shield 41. No magnetic flux flows in the core 43. However, a short circuit occurs and the current limiter coil 42
When an overcurrent flows in the magnetic field, the magnetic flux generated from the coil 42 suddenly increases, and the magnetic shielding effect of the superconducting magnetic shield 41 is lost. Therefore, the magnetic flux enters the hollow portion of the cylinder and the core 43
When a large amount of magnetic flux flows through the closed magnetic circuit, the inductance of the coil 42 suddenly increases and a current limiting action against overcurrent occurs. At this time, an eddy current is generated in the silver base due to a change in magnetic flux in the hollow cylindrical portion of the superconducting magnetic shield 41, but since the silver base has the gap 23, a circumferential internal current is generated. do not do. Therefore, the magnetic flux change effective for the current limiting action is not hindered, and therefore the increase of the inductance of the coil is not hindered, and as a result, the current limiting action is not suppressed. As described above, it is possible to prevent the performance of the current limiting action from being deteriorated even if the good conductive silver base is used as the structural base of the high temperature superconductor layer.
【0033】第二の実施形態では、周方向内部電流の発
生を妨げる電流阻止部として、銀基体の一部を切削した
間隙を使用し、周方向内部電流を完全に遮断したが、高
抵抗部により周方向内部電流の発生を抑制するような電
流阻止部としてもよい。例えば、銀基体の一部に不純物
を注入して高抵抗領域を形成すること、あるいは銀基体
の一部を薄肉化することも有効である。In the second embodiment, the gap in which a part of the silver substrate is cut is used as the current blocking portion for preventing the generation of the circumferential internal current, and the circumferential internal current is completely cut off, but the high resistance portion is used. Therefore, a current blocking unit that suppresses the generation of a circumferential internal current may be used. For example, it is effective to inject impurities into a part of the silver substrate to form a high resistance region, or to thin a part of the silver substrate.
【0034】第二の実施形態では、筒状超電導磁気遮蔽
体を構成する積層のすべての銀基体に間隙が形成されて
いるが、必ずしもすべての銀基体に間隙が形成されてい
る必要はない。但し、超電導限流器の限流作用をより高
くするためには、すべての銀基体に間隙が形成されてい
ることが望ましい。In the second embodiment, the gaps are formed in all the silver bases of the stacked layers forming the cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield, but the gaps need not necessarily be formed in all the silver bases. However, in order to further enhance the current limiting action of the superconducting fault current limiter, it is desirable that gaps be formed in all the silver substrates.
【0035】第二の実施形態では、複数の円環状の超電
導体を軸心方向に積層した円筒形の積層型超電導磁気遮
蔽体を利用しているが、本発明による限流器の超電導磁
気遮蔽体は円筒形に限らず、周囲にコイルを巻付けるこ
とができ、かつ中空部を磁束(コア)が貫通することが
できる筒状のものであればよく、例えば矩形環状の超電
導体を複数積層した磁気遮蔽体を利用してもよい。In the second embodiment, a cylindrical laminated superconducting magnetic shield in which a plurality of annular superconductors are laminated in the axial direction is used, but the superconducting magnetic shield of the current limiting device according to the present invention is used. The body is not limited to a cylindrical shape, but any body may be used as long as a coil can be wound around it and a magnetic flux (core) can pass through the hollow portion. For example, a plurality of rectangular annular superconductors can be laminated. The magnetic shield may be used.
【0036】第二の実施形態では、円筒形の超電導磁気
遮蔽体を形成するための構造基体として銀基体を使用し
たが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、超電導
体層の構造に適した材質であれば銀以外の導電材料を用
いてもよい。In the second embodiment, the silver substrate is used as the structural substrate for forming the cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the structure of the superconducting layer is used. A conductive material other than silver may be used as long as it is a suitable material.
【0037】第二の実施形態では、超電導磁気遮蔽体の
円筒の中空部に磁性材コアを設けて限流器を構成してい
るが、必ずしもコアを設ける必要はない。但し、平常時
と短絡事故時とのコイルのインダクタンスの差を大きく
するためには、高透磁率のコアを設けることが望まし
い。In the second embodiment, the magnetic material core is provided in the hollow portion of the cylinder of the superconducting magnetic shield to form the current limiting device, but the core is not necessarily provided. However, in order to increase the difference in coil inductance between the normal state and the short-circuit accident, it is desirable to provide a core with high magnetic permeability.
【0038】[0038]
【実施例】 (実施例1:一体型超電導遮蔽体)直径50mm、長さ
70mm、厚さ1mmの銀円筒表面に厚さ200μmの
超電導円筒をスプレー塗布により積層した。この超電導
円筒の臨界電流密度を計測したところ1800A/cm
2 であった。その後、銀円筒を軸方向に切削してスリッ
トを設けた。EXAMPLES Example 1 Integrated Superconducting Shield A superconducting cylinder having a thickness of 200 μm was laminated by spray coating on the surface of a silver cylinder having a diameter of 50 mm, a length of 70 mm and a thickness of 1 mm. When the critical current density of this superconducting cylinder was measured, it was 1800 A / cm.
Was 2 . Then, the silver cylinder was axially cut to form slits.
【0039】この超電導円筒の回りに直径1mmのエナ
メル被覆銅線を2層に100ターン巻付け、超電導限流
器を作製した。更に、この超電導限流器を、図5に示す
限流器性能試験回路に接続し、限流器を、図示しない冷
却容器内の液体窒素に浸漬した。A superconducting fault current limiter was prepared by winding 100 layers of enamel-coated copper wire having a diameter of 1 mm around the superconducting cylinder in two layers for 100 turns. Further, this superconducting fault current limiter was connected to the fault current limiter performance test circuit shown in FIG. 5, and the fault current limiter was immersed in liquid nitrogen in a cooling container (not shown).
【0040】この回路において、スイッチを開いた状態
で周波数50Hzでピーク電流値5Aの電流を通電した
後、スイッチを閉じ短絡事故を疑似発生させ、電流値を
測定した。その結果、電流値は、一瞬25Aとなった
が、その後限流し、5Aとなった。In this circuit, after a current having a peak current value of 5 A was applied at a frequency of 50 Hz with the switch open, the switch was closed to cause a short circuit accident, and the current value was measured. As a result, the current value became 25 A for a moment, but thereafter, it was limited to 5 A.
【0041】(比較例1:一体型超電導遮蔽体)直径5
0mm、長さ70mm、厚さ1mmの銀円筒表面に厚さ
200μmの超電導円筒をスプレー塗布により積層し、
銀円筒にはスリットを設けないままとした。この超電導
円筒の臨界電流密度を計測したところ1800A/cm
2 であった。実施例1と同じ条件で限流器を作製し、限
流器を図5の回路に接続するとともに、限流器を冷却容
器の液体窒素に浸漬した。この回路において、実施例1
と同じ条件で短絡事故を疑似発生させ、電流値を測定し
た。その結果、電流値は、一瞬25Aとなり、その後限
流したが,6.5Aであった。Comparative Example 1: Integrated Superconducting Shield Diameter 5
A superconducting cylinder having a thickness of 200 μm is laminated on the surface of a silver cylinder having a thickness of 0 mm, a length of 70 mm and a thickness of 1 mm by spray coating,
The silver cylinder was left without slits. When the critical current density of this superconducting cylinder was measured, it was 1800 A / cm.
Was 2 . A current limiting device was produced under the same conditions as in Example 1, the current limiting device was connected to the circuit of FIG. 5, and the current limiting device was immersed in liquid nitrogen in the cooling container. In this circuit, the first embodiment
A short circuit accident was simulated under the same conditions as above, and the current value was measured. As a result, the current value was 25 A for a moment, and then the current was limited, but it was 6.5 A.
【0042】実施例1と比較例1の結果を比較すると、
実施例1の限流器の方が、比較例1の限流器よりも短絡
事故による過電流を制限することができた。Comparing the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1,
The fault current limiter of Example 1 was able to limit overcurrent due to a short circuit accident more than the fault current limiter of Comparative Example 1.
【0043】(実施例2:積層型超電導遮蔽体)直径6
0mm、厚さ50μmの銀基板上に、外形50mm、内
径40mm、厚さ200μmの円環状の超電導体をスク
リーン印刷により積層した。この超電導体の臨界電流密
度を計測したところ1600A/cm2 であった。その
後、超電導体の中空部の銀を打抜いて円環状の超電導体
を作製した。更に、この円環状の超電導体を銀側から削
り、銀基板に径方向の間隙を設けた。(Example 2: Laminated type superconducting shield) Diameter 6
An annular superconductor having an outer diameter of 50 mm, an inner diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 200 μm was laminated by screen printing on a silver substrate having a thickness of 0 mm and a thickness of 50 μm. When the critical current density of this superconductor was measured, it was 1600 A / cm 2 . Then, the silver in the hollow portion of the superconductor was punched out to produce an annular superconductor. Further, this annular superconductor was scraped from the silver side to provide a radial gap in the silver substrate.
【0044】この円環状の超電導体を50枚積み重ねて
超電導磁気遮蔽体を作製し、この超電導磁気遮蔽体の回
りに直径1mmのエナメル被覆銅線を2層に100ター
ン巻付け、超電導限流器を作製した。更に、実施例1と
同様に、超電導限流器を図5の回路に接続し、限流器を
図示しない冷却容器内の液体窒素に浸漬した。A superconducting magnetic shield is manufactured by stacking 50 annular superconductors, and two layers of enamel-coated copper wire having a diameter of 1 mm are wound around the superconducting magnetic shield for 100 turns. Was produced. Further, as in Example 1, the superconducting fault current limiter was connected to the circuit of FIG. 5, and the fault current limiter was immersed in liquid nitrogen in a cooling container (not shown).
【0045】この回路において、スイッチを開いた状態
で周波数50Hzでピーク電流値5Aの電流を通電した
後、スイッチを閉じ短絡事故を疑似発生させ、電流値を
測定した。その結果、電流値は、一瞬50Aとなった
が、その後限流し、15Aとなった。In this circuit, a current with a peak current value of 5 A was applied at a frequency of 50 Hz with the switch open, and then the switch was closed to cause a short circuit accident, and the current value was measured. As a result, the current value became 50 A for a moment, but after that, it was limited to 15 A.
【0046】(比較例2:積層型超電導遮蔽体)直径6
0mm、厚さ50μmの銀シート上に、外形50mm、
内径40mm、厚さ200μmの円環状の超電導体をス
クリーン印刷により積層した。この超電導体の臨界電流
密度を計測したところ1600A/cm2 であった。そ
の後、超電導体の中空部の銀シートを打抜いて円環状の
超電導体とし、銀シートには間隙を設けないままとし
た。実施例2と同じ条件で、超電導体及び限流器を作製
し、限流器を図5の回路に接続するとともに、限流器を
冷却容器の液体窒素に浸漬した。(Comparative Example 2: Laminated type superconducting shield) Diameter 6
0 mm, 50 μm thick on a silver sheet, 50 mm outer diameter,
An annular superconductor having an inner diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 200 μm was laminated by screen printing. When the critical current density of this superconductor was measured, it was 1600 A / cm 2 . Then, the hollow silver sheet of the superconductor was punched out to form an annular superconductor, and the silver sheet was left without any gaps. Under the same conditions as in Example 2, a superconductor and a current limiting device were produced, the current limiting device was connected to the circuit of FIG. 5, and the current limiting device was immersed in liquid nitrogen in the cooling container.
【0047】この回路において、実施例2と同じ条件で
短絡事故を疑似発生させ、電流値を測定した。その結
果、電流値は、一瞬50Aとなり、その後限流したが、
20Aであった。In this circuit, a short circuit accident was simulated under the same conditions as in Example 2 and the current value was measured. As a result, the current value became 50 A for a moment, and then the current was limited,
It was 20A.
【0048】実施例2と比較例2の結果を比較すると、
実施例2の限流器の方が、比較例2の限流器よりも短絡
事故による過電流を制限することができた。Comparing the results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2,
The fault current limiter of Example 2 was able to limit overcurrent due to a short circuit accident more than the fault current limiter of Comparative Example 2.
【0049】[0049]
【発明の効果】以上説明した通り、本発明の各請求項に
係る発明は、超電導体層からなる超電導磁気遮蔽体を有
する超電導限流器において、導電性基体層を使用してい
る場合にも、充分な限流作用を生じ、限流器の性能低下
を防止できるという効果を有する。As described above, the invention according to each of the claims of the present invention can be applied to a superconducting fault current limiter having a superconducting magnetic shield composed of a superconductor layer even when a conductive substrate layer is used. In addition, it has an effect of producing a sufficient current limiting action and preventing performance degradation of the current limiting device.
【図1】本発明の第一の実施形態に係る超電導限流器に
用いられる一体型超電導磁気遮蔽体の構成を示す模式斜
視図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a configuration of an integrated superconducting magnetic shield used in a superconducting fault current limiter according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図2】本発明の第二の実施形態に係る超電導限流器に
用いられる積層型超電導磁気遮蔽体の構成を示す模式斜
視図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a configuration of a laminated superconducting magnetic shield used in a superconducting fault current limiter according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図3】環状導電性基板に設ける間隙の様子を示す断面
図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of a gap provided in an annular conductive substrate.
【図4】超電導限流器の概略構成を示す模式図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a superconducting fault current limiter.
【図5】限流器性能試験回路の回路図である。FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a current limiter performance test circuit.
1:超電導円筒 2:銀円筒 3:スリット 21:超電導層 22:銀基体 23:間隙 31:銀基体 32:間隙 41:超電導体 42:コイル 43:磁性材コア 51:超電導限流器 52:交流電源 53:スイッチ 54:負荷 1: Superconducting cylinder 2: Silver cylinder 3: Slit 21: Superconducting layer 22: Silver base 23: Gap 31: Silver base 32: Gap 41: Superconductor 42: Coil 43: Magnetic material core 51: Superconducting fault current limiter 52: AC Power supply 53: Switch 54: Load
Claims (4)
気遮蔽体の周りに設けられたコイルを有する超電導限流
器において、 前記筒状超電導磁気遮蔽体が、筒状超電導体層と、周方
向の内部電流の発生を妨げる電流阻止部を有する筒状導
電性基体層との同心状の積層からなることを特徴とする
超電導限流器。1. A superconducting fault current limiter having a cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield and a coil provided around the cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield, wherein the cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield is a cylindrical superconducting layer. A superconducting fault current limiter comprising a concentric stack with a tubular conductive substrate layer having a current blocking portion that prevents the generation of an internal current in the circumferential direction.
ていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の超電導限流
器。2. The superconducting fault current limiter according to claim 1, wherein the current blocking portion is formed by a gap.
気遮蔽体の周りに設けられたコイルを有する超電導限流
器において、 前記筒状超電導磁気遮蔽体が、環状超電導体層と、周方
向の内部電流の発生を妨げる電流阻止部を有する環状導
電性基体層とを互いの端面で積層してなる積層体からな
ることを特徴とする超電導限流器。3. A superconducting fault current limiter having a cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield and a coil provided around the cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield, wherein the cylindrical superconducting magnetic shield comprises an annular superconducting layer and a peripheral superconducting layer. A superconducting fault current limiter, comprising a laminated body in which an annular conductive substrate layer having a current blocking portion that prevents the generation of an internal current in the direction is laminated at the end faces of each other.
ていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の超電導限流
器。4. The superconducting fault current limiter according to claim 3, wherein the current blocking portion is formed by a gap.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7347564A JPH09172206A (en) | 1995-12-18 | 1995-12-18 | Superconducting current limiting device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7347564A JPH09172206A (en) | 1995-12-18 | 1995-12-18 | Superconducting current limiting device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH09172206A true JPH09172206A (en) | 1997-06-30 |
Family
ID=18391080
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP7347564A Pending JPH09172206A (en) | 1995-12-18 | 1995-12-18 | Superconducting current limiting device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH09172206A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6552415B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2003-04-22 | Abb Research Ltd | Electrically stabilized thin-film high-temperature superconductor and method for the production thereof |
JP2007189228A (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2007-07-26 | European High Temperature Superconductors Gmbh & Co Kg | Current adjusting electric device |
CN114974795A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-30 | 西安交通大学 | Variable-impedance superconducting current-limiting transformer and working method thereof |
-
1995
- 1995-12-18 JP JP7347564A patent/JPH09172206A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6552415B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2003-04-22 | Abb Research Ltd | Electrically stabilized thin-film high-temperature superconductor and method for the production thereof |
JP2007189228A (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2007-07-26 | European High Temperature Superconductors Gmbh & Co Kg | Current adjusting electric device |
CN114974795A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-30 | 西安交通大学 | Variable-impedance superconducting current-limiting transformer and working method thereof |
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