JPH09150417A - Apparatus for separation of waste plastic by specific gravity and its method - Google Patents

Apparatus for separation of waste plastic by specific gravity and its method

Info

Publication number
JPH09150417A
JPH09150417A JP31217895A JP31217895A JPH09150417A JP H09150417 A JPH09150417 A JP H09150417A JP 31217895 A JP31217895 A JP 31217895A JP 31217895 A JP31217895 A JP 31217895A JP H09150417 A JPH09150417 A JP H09150417A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
specific gravity
plastic
separation
plastics
tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP31217895A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Sazo Nakamura
佐三 中村
Yoji Ogaki
陽二 大垣
Keiichi Okuyama
契一 奥山
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JFE Engineering Corp
Original Assignee
NKK Corp
Nippon Kokan Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NKK Corp, Nippon Kokan Ltd filed Critical NKK Corp
Priority to JP31217895A priority Critical patent/JPH09150417A/en
Publication of JPH09150417A publication Critical patent/JPH09150417A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Landscapes

  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent separation efficiency from decreasing by feeding continuously a mixture of water or a liq. medium with a proper specific gravity with no air mixing and powdered plastics and fractionating plastics with low and high specific gravities by upward and downward flows while the water or the liq. medium with a proper specific gravity imparted with a swirling flow is revolved. SOLUTION: Ground waste plastics are placed in a cleaning and stirring tank wherein water or a liq. with a proper specific gravity is fed and stains of the plastics are taken out by means of stirring blades and entanglements of the plastics each other are released and the plastics are well adapted themselves to the water or the liq. with a proper specific gravity. Then, the water or the liq. with a proper specific gravity and the ground waste plastics are fed into a sample separating part 25 provided at the center of a separation tank 4 and the plastics are separated into substances with low and high specific gravities based on the difference in specific gravity of the water or the liq. medium with a proper specific gravity while they are revolved slowly through a plurality of dispersion plates 25c with a circular arc-like shape and the plastics separated into substances with low and high specific gravities are discharged from outlets 4c and 4d respectively for substances for low and high specific gravities with the water or the liq. with a proper specific gravities.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、複数種からなる
廃棄プラスチックの分別に関し、特に再利用あるいは焼
却（固形燃料化）、油化を目的とする一般および産業廃
棄物中のプラスチックの比重による分別による塩化ビニ
ール系プラスチックの分離に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to separation of a plurality of kinds of waste plastics, and particularly to separation of plastics in general and industrial wastes for reuse or incineration (solid fuel), oilification. Separation of vinyl chloride plastics.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来技術】多量に排出される一般及び産業廃棄物中の
プラスチック系廃棄物は、その処理対策において、これ
を焼却すれば有害ガスを発生し公害問題を招因し、ま
た、それを埋め立て処分すれば容積率が大きいため、広
大な土地を必要とし、かつ、埋立後の地盤沈下等の不安
定性を生じさせる。2. Description of the Related Art A large amount of plastic waste contained in general and industrial waste is incinerated to generate harmful gas and cause pollution problems when it is incinerated. If this is done, it will require a vast amount of land because of the large floor area ratio, and will cause instability such as land subsidence after landfill.

【０００３】最近では、前記プラスチック系廃棄物は燃
焼不適ごみまたは不燃ごみとして分別回収され、減容固
化され埋立処分されている。また、家電及びプラスチッ
ク業界においては、廃棄プラスチックの分別処理により
マテリアルサイクルを推進し排出量を低減したり、廃棄
プラスチックのリサイクルとして油化、固形燃料化等の
ケミカルリサイクル、サーマルリサイクル等が行われつ
つある。[0003] Recently, the plastic waste is separately collected as incombustible waste or incombustible waste, reduced in volume and solidified, and then disposed of in landfill. In the home electric appliances and plastics industries, waste plastics are being separated to promote the material cycle to reduce emissions, and waste plastics are being recycled through oil recycling, chemical recycling such as solid fuel recycling, and thermal recycling. is there.

【０００４】上記のようなプラスチックのリサイクルを
考えた場合、プラスチックの中でも塩素を含有した塩化
ビニール系プラスチック（ポリ塩化ビニール、ポリ塩化
ビニリデン等）の扱いが問題となる。これらの塩化ビニ
ール系プラスチックは、熱分解または焼却の際塩化水素
を発生し腐食の原因となったり、微量有害物質であるダ
イオキシンの発生にも寄与することが知られている。廃
棄プラスチックのリサイクルを促進するためには、塩化
ビニール系プラスチックをいかに他のプラスチックと効
率よく分離できるかが重要であり、かつ望まれていた。
円筒形状を有したプラスチックの比重選別（分離）装置
としては、ＤＥ４２０５７６７Ａｌに記載の浮遊沈降式
比重分離装置がある。Considering recycling of the above plastics, handling of vinyl chloride plastics containing chlorine (polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, etc.) among the plastics becomes a problem. It is known that these vinyl chloride plastics generate hydrogen chloride during thermal decomposition or incineration, which causes corrosion, and also contributes to the generation of dioxin, which is a trace harmful substance. In order to promote the recycling of waste plastics, it has been important and desired how efficiently vinyl chloride plastics can be separated from other plastics.
As a specific gravity selection (separation) device for a plastic having a cylindrical shape, there is a floating sedimentation type specific gravity separation device described in DE 4205767Al.

【０００５】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】ＤＥ４２０５７６７Ａ
ｌに代表されるプラスチックの比重選別装置は、分離タ
ンク内円筒部分の流速を０．０２〜０．０８ｍｍ／秒に
設定し低流速の上部上昇流および下部下降流の層流空間
を形成することにより、低比重分および高比重分を分別
分離している。このように、分離タンク円筒部において
極めて低流速に設定配置しているため分離タンク内に供
給する流量に制約が生じ処理量が増やしにくいという欠
点を有している。Problems to be Solved by the Invention DE 4205767A
The specific gravity sorting apparatus for plastics represented by 1 is to set the flow velocity of the cylindrical portion in the separation tank to 0.02-0.08 mm / sec to form a laminar flow space of low upward flow and upward downward flow. The low specific gravity component and the high specific gravity component are separately separated by. As described above, since the cylindrical portion of the separation tank is set to have an extremely low flow rate, the flow rate supplied to the separation tank is restricted, and it is difficult to increase the throughput.

【０００６】処理量を増やすには、分離タンクに供給す
る混合物の固形分濃度を高く必要があり、固形分濃度を
高くすると配管内や分離タンク内試料供給口等の詰まり
の原因となるという欠点を有している。また、流量を増
やし処理量の増加をするためには、上記の流速設定から
分離タンク径を大きくせざるをえなく装置が大型化して
しまうという問題があった。In order to increase the throughput, it is necessary to increase the solid content concentration of the mixture to be supplied to the separation tank, and if the solid content concentration is increased, the inside of the pipe or the sample supply port in the separation tank may be clogged. have. In addition, in order to increase the flow rate and increase the processing amount, there was a problem that the separation tank diameter had to be increased from the above flow rate setting, and the apparatus became large.

【０００７】分離タンク内円筒部分の流速を設定を無視
し０．０２〜０．０８ｍｍ／秒以上にすると、流速が速
くなるにつれて上部上昇流および下部下降流の空間に渦
状の上下旋回乱流が発生し、静的な沈降分離が妨げら
れ、流速の影響を受け易いフィルム状のプラスチックは
高比重分が上部上昇空間へ、また低比重分が下部下降空
間へ流れとともに導かれ、それぞれ分離効率を低下させ
てしまうという問題があった。When the flow velocity in the cylindrical portion in the separation tank is ignored and set to 0.02 to 0.08 mm / sec or more, as the flow velocity increases, vortical vertical swirling turbulence is generated in the space of the upper ascending flow and the lower descending flow. The film-like plastics that are generated and interfere with static sedimentation separation and are easily affected by the flow velocity are guided with high specific gravity to the upper ascending space and low specific gravity to the lower descending space together with the separation efficiency. There was a problem of lowering it.

【０００８】[0008]

【課題を解決するための手段】請求項１の発明は、適当
な大きさに破砕された廃棄プラスチックを水または適当
な比重を有する液体媒体の充填された上下に排水口を有
する円筒状の分離タンク中央に、空気の混入なく水また
は適当な比重を有する液体媒体と破砕プラスチックの混
合物を連続的に供給し、旋回流の与えられた分離タンク
内の水または適当な比重を有する液体媒体中を旋回しな
がら、ほぼ分離タンク中央部より形成された上昇流およ
び下降流により低比重プラスチックは上部排出口から、
また高比重プラスチックは下部排出口からそれぞれ分別
回収されることにより、特定比重のプラスチックを分離
することを特徴とする廃棄プラスチックの混式比重分離
方法である。According to a first aspect of the present invention, waste plastic crushed to an appropriate size is separated into a cylindrical shape having drainage ports above and below filled with water or a liquid medium having an appropriate specific gravity. In the center of the tank, water or a mixture of liquid medium having an appropriate specific gravity and crushed plastic is continuously supplied without mixing air, and water or a liquid medium having an appropriate specific gravity in a separation tank to which a swirl flow is applied is supplied. While swirling, the low specific gravity plastic is discharged from the upper discharge port by the ascending and descending flows formed almost from the center of the separation tank.
A high specific gravity plastic is a mixed specific gravity separation method for waste plastic, which is characterized by separating plastics having a specific specific gravity by separately collecting from the lower outlet.

【０００９】請求項２の発明は、請求項１に記載の発明
において、廃棄プラスチックを破砕する際の大きさは、
２〜５０ｍｍとすることを特徴とする廃棄プラスチック
の混式比重分離方法である。According to a second aspect of the invention, in the invention according to the first aspect, the size when the waste plastic is crushed is
It is a mixed-type specific gravity separation method for waste plastics, which is characterized in that the length is 2 to 50 mm.

【００１０】請求項３の発明は、請求項１から２に記載
の発明において、分離タンク内円筒状部分の内部流速
が、０．５〜２．５ｍｍ／秒とすることを特徴とする廃
棄プラスチックの湿式比重分離方法である。A third aspect of the present invention is the waste plastic according to the first and second aspects, wherein the internal flow velocity of the cylindrical portion in the separation tank is 0.5 to 2.5 mm / sec. Is a wet specific gravity separation method.

【００１１】請求項４の発明は、請求項１から３に記載
の発明において、分離タンク上下排出口内流速が、０．
１〜０．３ｍ／秒とすることを特徴とする廃棄プラスチ
ックの湿式比重分離方法である。According to a fourth aspect of the invention, in the invention according to the first to third aspects, the flow velocity in the upper and lower discharge ports of the separation tank is 0.
The wet specific gravity separation method for waste plastic is characterized in that it is 1 to 0.3 m / sec.

【００１２】請求項５の発明は、請求項１から４に記載
の発明において、分離タンク上下流量比が、上流量／下
流量＝１〜２とすることを特徴とする廃棄プラスチック
の湿式比重分離方法である。A fifth aspect of the present invention is the wet specific gravity separation of waste plastic according to the first to fourth aspects, characterized in that the vertical flow rate of the separation tank is upper flow rate / lower flow rate = 1-2. Is the way.

【００１３】請求項６の発明は、各種プラスチックの比
重差を利用した比重分離装置において、上下に円錐状の
形状を有する円筒状のタンクと、円筒状タンク中央部に
垂直上向きに破砕プラスチック混合物を供給する試料供
給ノズルと、円筒状タンク中央部において破砕プラスチ
ック混合物を円筒状タンクの径方向に旋回を与えながら
排出する試料分散部と、タンク上下の円錐部分頂点に低
比重物または高比重物を排出する排出口を備えたことを
特徴とする浮遊沈降式廃棄プラスチック比重分離装置で
ある。According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a specific gravity separation device utilizing the difference in specific gravities of various plastics. A cylindrical tank having a conical shape at the top and bottom, and a crushed plastic mixture vertically upward in the central part of the cylindrical tank. A sample supply nozzle to supply, a sample dispersion part that discharges the crushed plastic mixture in the central part of the cylindrical tank while swirling in the radial direction of the cylindrical tank, and a low specific gravity or high specific gravity at the apex of the conical portion above and below the tank. It is a floating sedimentation type waste plastics specific gravity separator having a discharge port for discharging.

【００１４】請求項７の発明は、請求項５に記載の発明
において、円筒状タンク中央部において破砕プラスチッ
ク混合物を円筒状タンクの径方向に旋回を与えながら排
出する試料分散板において、向かい合った２つの円錐形
がある空間を持って曲面を有した複数の板によって固定
されており、１つの円錐形に垂直上向きに破砕プラスチ
ック混合物が通過するための穴が中心に開いており、そ
の穴を通過した破砕プラスチックはもう１つの円錐形の
中心に衝突し曲面を有した複数の板に沿って円錐形の円
のほぼ接線方向に排出される試料分散部を備えることを
特徴とする廃棄プラスチック比重分離装置である。According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to the fifth aspect, the sample dispersion plates for discharging the crushed plastic mixture in the central portion of the cylindrical tank while swirling in the radial direction of the cylindrical tank are opposed to each other. One cone has a space with a space and is fixed by a plurality of plates with curved surfaces, and a hole for passing the crushed plastic mixture vertically in one cone is opened in the center, and it passes through the hole. Specific gravity separation of waste plastic, characterized in that the crushed plastic has a sample dispersion part which collides with the center of another cone and is discharged almost tangentially to the conical circle along a plurality of curved plates. It is a device.

【００１５】[0015]

【発明の実施の形態】図１に、本発明の一実施形態であ
る比重分離装置を組み込んで、廃プラスチックを分離し
ている状況を示す。図１において、１は破砕機、２は洗
浄・攪拌タンク、３は移送ポンプ、４は比重分離タン
ク、５および６は振動篩、７は排水タンク、８は循環ポ
ンプ、９は廃プラスチックの流れ、１０は破砕廃プラス
チックの流れ、１１は低比重廃プラスチックの流れ、１
２は高比重廃プラスチックの流れ、１３は回収低比重廃
プラスチック、１４は回収高比重廃プラスチック、１
５，１６および１７は排水である。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a situation in which waste plastics are separated by incorporating a specific gravity separation device which is an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is a crusher, 2 is a washing / stirring tank, 3 is a transfer pump, 4 is a specific gravity separation tank, 5 and 6 are vibrating screens, 7 is a drainage tank, 8 is a circulation pump, and 9 is a waste plastic flow. 10 is the flow of shredded waste plastic, 11 is the flow of low specific gravity waste plastic, 1
2 is the flow of high specific gravity waste plastic, 13 is the recovered low specific gravity waste plastic, 14 is the recovered high specific gravity waste plastic, 1
5, 16 and 17 are drainage.

【００１６】分別回収された廃プラスチックまたは各種
選別装置（風力、磁力、アルミ、比重差選別等）にて分
離回収されたプラスチック主体廃棄物をピット（図示し
ない）で一度貯留し、搬送コンベア等で破砕機に搬送す
る。[0016] Separately collected waste plastic or plastic-based waste separated and collected by various sorters (wind force, magnetic force, aluminum, specific gravity difference sort, etc.) is once stored in a pit (not shown), and is conveyed by a conveyor or the like. Transport to crusher.

【００１７】破砕機では、供給された廃プラスチックを
２〜５０ｍｍに破砕する。破砕機としては、プラスチッ
ク専用のせん断型破砕機（直線刃または鋸刃どちらでも
よい）が衝撃型に比べ破砕効率、刃寿命の点で望まし
い。The crusher crushes the supplied waste plastic into 2 to 50 mm. As the crusher, a shear type crusher (either a straight blade or a saw blade) dedicated to plastic is preferable in terms of crushing efficiency and blade life as compared with the impact type.

【００１８】破砕された廃プラスチックは洗浄・攪拌タ
ンクに搬送される。搬送方法としては、コンベアタイプ
でも構わないが、フィルム状の軽いものや微破砕物等の
搬送効率を考えると、吸引送風機等を使用した空気輸送
が望まれる。また、供給量を制御するために一時定量供
給機（図示しない）を介して供給されることが好まし
い。The crushed waste plastic is conveyed to a washing / stirring tank. Although a conveyor type may be used as the transportation method, pneumatic transportation using a suction blower or the like is desired in consideration of the transportation efficiency of light film-like materials and finely crushed materials. In addition, it is preferable that the liquid is supplied via a temporary fixed amount supply device (not shown) in order to control the supply amount.

【００１９】洗浄・攪拌タンクでは、水または適当な比
重を有する液体が入れられ、モーター駆動による攪拌羽
根により強制乱流が与えられる。破砕された廃プラスチ
ックは、タンク内で強く攪拌されることにより付着して
いた汚れが落されるとともに、プラスチック同士の絡み
付きもとかれ、水または適当な比重を有する液体と馴染
み（表面付着の気泡がとれる）がよくなる。In the washing / stirring tank, water or a liquid having an appropriate specific gravity is put, and a forced turbulent flow is given by a stirring blade driven by a motor. The crushed waste plastic is strongly stirred in the tank to remove the dirt attached to it, and the plastics are entangled with each other and become familiar with water or a liquid having an appropriate specific gravity (air bubbles on the surface). Is improved).

【００２０】水または適当な比重を有する液体により十
分洗浄され、水または適当な比重を有する液体中に均一
に分散した破砕廃プラスチックは、移送ポンプにより分
離タンクに水または適当な比重を有する液体とともに送
られる。The crushed waste plastic, which has been thoroughly washed with water or a liquid having a suitable specific gravity and uniformly dispersed in water or a liquid having a suitable specific gravity, is transferred to a separation tank by a transfer pump together with water or a liquid having a suitable specific gravity. Sent.

【００２１】また、この洗浄・攪拌工程において、水ま
たは適当な比重を有する液体およびプラスチックより比
重の重い金属、砂等の不純物はタンク下に沈降するの
で、不純物（沈降物）排出装置（図示しない）を設ける
ことかが望ましい。Further, in this washing / stirring process, impurities such as water or a liquid having an appropriate specific gravity and metal having a higher specific gravity than plastic, sand, and the like settle under the tank, and therefore an impurity (precipitate) discharging device (not shown). ) Is desirable.

【００２２】次に、破砕廃プラスチックは、分離タンク
中央に供給される。図２に比重分離タンク概念を、図３
に分散板形状を示す。分離タンク４は、円筒部４Ａの上
下に円錘形状部の４ａ，４ｂを接続した構造になってい
る。そして、円筒部４Ａの中央部に試料分散部２５が設
けられている。円錘形状部の４ａの上端部に低比重物排
出口４ｃが、また円錘形状部の４ｂの下端部に高比重物
排出口４ｄが設けられている。Next, the crushed waste plastic is supplied to the center of the separation tank. Figure 2 shows the concept of the specific gravity separation tank, and Figure 3
Shows the shape of the dispersion plate. The separation tank 4 has a structure in which conical shaped portions 4a and 4b are connected to the upper and lower sides of a cylindrical portion 4A. The sample dispersion unit 25 is provided at the center of the cylindrical portion 4A. A low specific gravity discharge port 4c is provided at the upper end of the conical shape portion 4a, and a high specific gravity discharge port 4d is provided at the lower end of the conical shape portion 4b.

【００２３】試料分散部２５は、上下に三角錐が向かい
合った形状を有しており、円弧状のプレートにより保持
されている。すなわち、下側の切頭三角錐２７ａと上側
の三角錐２６ａを対向させ、これら上下の三角錐を、図
３に示す複数の円弧状の分散板２５ａにより保持してい
る。そして、下側の切頭三角錐２７ａの切頭部に液体と
破砕プラスチックの混合物が配管２４を介して供給さ
れ、ノズルから吹き出されるようになっている。The sample dispersion section 25 has a shape in which triangular pyramids face up and down, and is held by an arc-shaped plate. That is, the lower truncated pyramid 27a and the upper triangular pyramid 26a are opposed to each other, and the upper and lower triangular pyramids are held by a plurality of arc-shaped dispersion plates 25a shown in FIG. Then, the mixture of the liquid and the crushed plastic is supplied to the truncated portion of the lower truncated triangular pyramid 27a through the pipe 24 and blown out from the nozzle.

【００２４】水または適当な比重を有する液体およびプ
ラスチックは、下の三角錐中央から向かい合った上の三
角錐中央に向かって吹き出し、三角錐斜面面に沿って流
れ、さらに分散部の上下面プレート２６，２７に沿って
最終的には分離タンク断面に対し放射状に分離タンク内
に供給される。Water or a liquid and a plastic having an appropriate specific gravity are blown from the center of the lower triangular pyramid toward the center of the upper triangular pyramid facing each other, and flow along the inclined surface of the triangular pyramid, and further the upper and lower plate 26 of the dispersion portion. , 27 are finally radially supplied to the separation tank cross section into the separation tank.

【００２５】この際、分散部が円弧状の分散板で保持さ
れていることから、分散部円形断面に対し接線方向かつ
放射状に、水または適当な比重を有する液体およびプラ
スチックが吹き出されることから、分離タンク４内には
緩やかな旋回流が生じ、破砕廃プラスチックは、この旋
回流にのって上下に移動する。At this time, since the dispersion portion is held by the arc-shaped dispersion plate, water or a liquid or plastic having an appropriate specific gravity is blown out radially and tangentially to the circular cross section of the dispersion portion. A gentle swirling flow is generated in the separation tank 4, and the crushed waste plastic moves up and down along the swirling flow.

【００２６】破砕廃プラスチックは、供給ノズル内では
比較的速い流速で移動している。流れとしては、分散部
から分離タンク内へかけて流体の流れる断面積が徐々に
大きくなっており、そのため流速が減速し、タンク内に
供給されるときは、タンク内に乱流が発生しない程度ま
で十分減速されるので、流れの影響なくプラスチックの
比重分離が可能となる。また、分離タンク内に旋回流を
生じさせることにより、分離タンク上下方向の乱流渦の
発生が抑制され、スムースな分離を可能としている。The crushed waste plastic moves in the supply nozzle at a relatively high flow rate. As for the flow, the cross-sectional area where the fluid flows gradually increases from the dispersion section to the separation tank, so the flow velocity slows down, and when supplied to the tank, turbulent flow does not occur in the tank. Since it is sufficiently slowed down, the specific gravity of the plastic can be separated without the influence of the flow. Further, by generating a swirling flow in the separation tank, the generation of turbulent vortices in the vertical direction of the separation tank is suppressed, which enables smooth separation.

【００２７】こうして図２に示すように分離タンク中央
に供給された破砕廃プラスチックは、分散板を介して緩
やかに旋回しながら水または適当な比重を有する液体の
比重差により低比重物側（浮上）と高比重側（沈降）に
分離される。Thus, the crushed waste plastic supplied to the center of the separation tank as shown in FIG. 2 is gently swirled through the dispersion plate, and the low specific gravity side (floating) is caused by the difference in specific gravity between water and a liquid having an appropriate specific gravity. ) And the high specific gravity side (sedimentation).

【００２８】低比重物または高比重物に分離された破砕
廃プラスチックは、水または適当な比重を有する液体と
ともに排出され、それぞれ振動篩いにかける。振動篩い
により、水または適当な比重を有する液体と破砕廃プラ
スチックに分離され、それぞれ比重別（低比重物と高比
重物）に回収される。The crushed waste plastic separated into the low specific gravity material or the high specific gravity material is discharged together with water or a liquid having an appropriate specific gravity, and is subjected to a vibrating screen. It is separated into water or a liquid having an appropriate specific gravity and crushed waste plastic by a vibrating screen, and they are respectively recovered by specific gravity (low specific gravity material and high specific gravity material).

【００２９】水または適当な比重を有する液体は、振動
篩い下の排水タンクに回収され、循環ポンプにより洗浄
・攪拌タンクに送られる。以下に、方法発明の数値限定
理由について、請求項に対応させて、それぞれ説明す
る。Water or a liquid having an appropriate specific gravity is collected in a drainage tank under a vibrating screen and sent to a washing / stirring tank by a circulation pump. The reasons for limiting the numerical values of the method invention will be described below in correspondence with the claims.

【００３０】請求項２について 破砕の大きさを２ｍｍ未満とすると、高精度の破砕機が
必要となり、破砕に時間がかかるとともに、刃と刃のク
リアランスが厳しくなることから異物等の混入により刃
がダメージを受け易くなることから好ましくない。Claim 2 If the size of the crush is less than 2 mm, a high-precision crusher is required, the crushing takes time, and the clearance between the blades becomes strict. It is not preferable because it is easily damaged.

【００３１】破砕の大きさを５０ｍｍ以上にすると、破
砕負荷は軽減されるものの、異種材質で構成されるプラ
スチック製品等では材質別に分けられず、後の分離工程
においても異種材質別の分離ができなくなることや、処
理量（移送中のプラスチック濃度）を増やしたときに配
管やその他の部分での詰まりが発生し易くなることから
好ましくない。If the crushing size is 50 mm or more, the crushing load is reduced, but plastic products made of different materials cannot be separated by material, and can be separated by different materials in the subsequent separation step. It is not preferable because it is eliminated, and when the treatment amount (plastic concentration during transfer) is increased, clogging of the pipes and other parts is likely to occur.

【００３２】請求項３について 流速を０．５ｍｍ／秒未満にすると、上下流を利用した
比重分離の効果が軽減し、分離時間が長くなるので好ま
しくない。Claim 3 If the flow rate is less than 0.5 mm / sec, the effect of specific gravity separation utilizing upstream and downstream is reduced and the separation time becomes longer, which is not preferable.

【００３３】流速を２．５ｍｍ／秒以上にすると、分離
タンク内円筒部分での上下層流に乱れ（乱流渦）が発生
し、上下それぞれに移行していくプラスチック（特に、
フィルム状プラスチック）の分離の妨げとなり好ましく
ない。When the flow velocity is set to 2.5 mm / sec or more, turbulence (turbulent vortex) is generated in the upper and lower laminar flows in the cylindrical portion in the separation tank, and the plastics that move up and down (especially,
It is not preferable because it hinders the separation of the film-shaped plastic).

【００３４】請求項４について 上下に分離したプラスチックをスムースにかつ迅速に排
出するために、分離タンク円筒部径より分離タンク排出
部口径を小さくし流速を速めることが効果的である。こ
のため分離タンク円筒部上下に円錐部を設け、分離タン
ク内の流れを極力乱されずに排出することが好ましい。In order to discharge the vertically separated plastics smoothly and quickly, it is effective to reduce the diameter of the separation tank discharge portion to be smaller than the diameter of the separation tank cylindrical portion to increase the flow velocity. For this reason, it is preferable to provide conical portions above and below the cylindrical portion of the separation tank so that the flow in the separation tank is discharged without being disturbed as much as possible.

【００３５】流速を０．１ｍ／秒未満にすると、迅速に
排出するという点において好ましくなく、流速が遅いこ
と、排出口径が分離タンク円筒部径よりかなり狭められ
ている点で、排出口にプラスチックが堆積して移動しな
くなり易い。When the flow velocity is less than 0.1 m / sec, it is not preferable in that it is quickly discharged, and because the flow velocity is slow and the diameter of the discharge port is considerably narrower than the diameter of the cylindrical portion of the separation tank, the plastic is discharged to the discharge port. Are easily accumulated and do not move.

【００３６】流速を０．３ｍ／秒以上にすると、流量を
増やすか排出口径を小さくしなければならない。流量を
増やすことは上述したように乱流発生の原因となること
や、排出口径を小さくすることは排出口の詰まりの原因
となることから好ましくない。When the flow velocity is 0.3 m / sec or more, the flow rate must be increased or the discharge port diameter must be reduced. Increasing the flow rate causes turbulence as described above, and decreasing the discharge port diameter causes clogging of the discharge port, which is not preferable.

【００３７】請求項５について 分離タンク上下から排出する流量バランスは、上下対称
流を生じさせるため上流量／下流量＝１にするか、もし
くは低比重プラスチック排出量（上廃プラスチック排出
量）が多い場合は、比較的乱流渦が発生しにくい上流量
／下流量＝１〜２とすることが好ましい。Regarding the fifth aspect, the balance of the flow rates discharged from the upper and lower sides of the separation tank is either upper flow rate / lower flow rate = 1 in order to generate a vertically symmetrical flow, or the low specific gravity plastic discharge quantity (upper waste plastic discharge quantity) is large. In this case, it is preferable that the upper flow rate / lower flow rate = 1 to 2 in which turbulent vortices are less likely to occur.

【００３８】[0038]

【実施例】 確認試験（１） 本試験では、分離タンク径０．５ｍ、高さ１ｍ（円筒部
０．５ｍ、円錐部０．２５×２）を用いて、媒体：水に
よるＰＶＣフィルム（５ｍｍ□×厚み０．３ｍｍ）の分
離効率における流量の影響を調査した。Example Confirmation Test (1) In this test, a separation tank diameter of 0.5 m and a height of 1 m (cylindrical part 0.5 m, conical part 0.25 × 2) were used, and a PVC film (5 mm with a medium: water) was used. The influence of the flow rate on the separation efficiency of □ × thickness 0.3 mm) was investigated.

【００３９】分離条件として、上部排出流量を２０〜４
０１／ｍｉｎ、上下流量比を１〜４の範囲で試験した。
試験結果を図４に示す。ここで、実施例は、タンク内に
旋回流が発生する分散部を使用したものである。As a separation condition, the upper discharge flow rate is 20 to 4
The test was conducted at a rate of 01 / min and a vertical flow rate ratio in the range of 1 to 4.
The test results are shown in FIG. Here, the embodiment uses a dispersion part in which a swirling flow is generated in the tank.

【００４０】比較例は、水が単に放射状に吹き出される
分散板を使用したもので、タンク内には旋回流は発生し
ない。図４より、実施例および比較例ともに、流量が増
加するのに従って分離効率が低下することが認められ
た。特に、比較例は分離効率の低下が大きく、同一条件
においても、実施例に比べ分離効率が低い。The comparative example uses a dispersion plate in which water is simply blown out radially, and no swirling flow is generated in the tank. From FIG. 4, it was confirmed that the separation efficiency decreased as the flow rate increased in both Examples and Comparative Examples. In particular, the comparative example shows a large decrease in separation efficiency, and even under the same conditions, the separation efficiency is lower than that in the examples.

【００４１】[0041]

【発明の効果】本発明によれば、上下に円錐状の排出口
を有する円筒状の分離タンク内の水または適当な比重を
有する液体に旋回流を与えた比重分離装置により、分離
効率を低下させないで処理量（流量）、処理速度（流
速）を向上させることが可能となる。According to the present invention, the separation efficiency is lowered by the specific gravity separation device which gives a swirling flow to water or a liquid having an appropriate specific gravity in a cylindrical separation tank having conical outlets at the top and bottom. It is possible to improve the processing amount (flow rate) and the processing speed (flow rate) without doing so.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図１】本発明の一実施形態である比重分離装置を組み
込んだ、廃プラスチックを分離設備の説明図。FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a waste plastic separation facility in which a specific gravity separation device according to an embodiment of the present invention is incorporated.

【図２】分離タンクの構成図。FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a separation tank.

【図３】分散板の説明図。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a dispersion plate.

【図４】上噴流（従来）と旋回流（本発明）との分離効
率比較説明図。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of comparison of separation efficiency between an upper jet flow (conventional) and a swirl flow (present invention).

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

４…分離タンク、４Ａ…円筒部、４ａ，４ｂ…円錘状
部、４ｃ，４ｄ…排出口、２４…試料供給ノズル、２５
…分散部、２５ａ…分散板、２６，２７…上面及び下面
プレート、２６ａ，２７ａ…対向円錘部。4 ... Separation tank, 4A ... Cylindrical part, 4a, 4b ... Conical part, 4c, 4d ... Discharge port, 24 ... Sample supply nozzle, 25
... Dispersion part, 25a ... Dispersion plate, 26, 27 ... Top and bottom plates, 26a, 27a ... Opposing conical part.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 // Ｂ２９Ｋ 27:12 101:00 105:26 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location // B29K 27:12 101: 00 105: 26

Claims (7)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 適当な大きさに破砕された廃棄プラスチ
ックを水または適当な比重を有する液体媒体の充填され
た上下に排水口を有する円筒状の分離タンク中央に、空
気の混入なく水または適当な比重を有する液体媒体と破
砕プラスチックの混合物を連続的に供給し、旋回流の与
えられた分離タンク内の水または適当な比重を有する液
体媒体中を旋回しながら、ほぼ分離タンク中央部より形
成された上昇流および下降流により低比重プラスチック
は上部排出口から、また高比重プラスチックは下部排出
口からそれぞれ分別回収されることにより、特定比重の
プラスチックを分離することを特徴とする廃棄プラスチ
ックの湿式比重分離方法。1. A waste plastic crushed to an appropriate size is filled with water or a liquid medium having an appropriate specific gravity. A mixture of a liquid medium with a specific gravity and crushed plastic is continuously supplied, and is formed from the center of the separation tank while swirling through water in a separation tank to which a swirl flow is given or a liquid medium with an appropriate specific gravity. The low specific gravity plastic is separated from the upper discharge port and the high specific gravity plastic is separated from the lower discharge port by the ascending and descending flows, respectively, to separate the plastic having a specific gravity from the wet plastic of the waste plastic. Specific gravity separation method. 【請求項２】 廃棄プラスチックを破砕する際の大きさ
は、２〜５０ｍｍとすることを特徴とする請求項１に記
載の廃棄プラスチックの湿式比重分離方法。2. The method for separating wet specific gravity of waste plastic according to claim 1, wherein the size when crushing the waste plastic is set to 2 to 50 mm. 【請求項３】 分離タンク内円筒状部分の内部流速が、
０．５〜２．５ｍｍ／秒とすることを特徴とする請求項
１または２に記載の廃棄プラスチックの湿式比重分離方
法。3. The internal flow velocity of the cylindrical portion in the separation tank is
The wet specific gravity separation method for waste plastic according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method is 0.5 to 2.5 mm / sec. 【請求項４】 分離タンク上下排出口内流速が、０．１
〜０．３ｍ／秒とすることを特徴とする請求項１から３
に記載の廃棄プラスチックの湿式比重分離方法。4. The flow velocity in the upper and lower discharge ports of the separation tank is 0.1.
~ 0.3 m / sec.
The method for wet specific gravity separation of waste plastic as described in. 【請求項５】 分離タンク上下流量比が、上流量／下流
量＝１〜２とすることを特徴とする請求項１から４に記
載の廃棄プラスチックの湿式比重分離方法。5. The wet specific gravity separation method for waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein the vertical flow rate of the separation tank is set to upper flow rate / lower flow rate = 1 to 2. 【請求項６】 各種プラスチックの比重差を利用した比
重分離装置において、上下に円錐状の形状を有する円筒
状のタンクと、円筒状タンク中央部に垂直上向きに破砕
プラスチック混合物を供給する試料供給ノズルと、円筒
状タンク中央部において破砕プラスチック混合物を円筒
状タンクの径方向に旋回を与えながら排出する試料分散
部と、タンク上下の円錐部分頂点に低比重物または高比
重物を排出する排出口を備えたことを特徴とする浮遊沈
降式廃棄プラスチック比重分離装置。6. A specific gravity separation device utilizing the difference in specific gravity of various plastics, a cylindrical tank having a conical shape at the top and bottom, and a sample supply nozzle for supplying a crushed plastic mixture vertically upward to the central part of the cylindrical tank. And a sample dispersion section that discharges the crushed plastic mixture while swirling in the radial direction of the cylindrical tank in the central portion of the cylindrical tank, and an outlet for discharging low specific gravity or high specific gravity at the apex of the conical portion above and below the tank. Floating sedimentation type waste plastic specific gravity separator characterized by being equipped. 【請求項７】 円筒状タンク中央部において破砕プラス
チック混合物を円筒状タンクの径方向に旋回を与えなが
ら排出する試料分散部において、向かい合った２つの円
錐形がある空間を持って曲面を有した複数の板によって
固定されており、１つの円錐形に垂直上向きに破砕プラ
スチック混合物が通過するための穴が中心に開いてお
り、その穴を通過した破砕プラスチックはもう１つの円
錐形の中心に衝突し曲面を有した複数の板に沿って円錐
形の円のほぼ接線方向に排出される試料分散部を備える
ことを特徴とする請求項６に記載の廃棄プラスチック比
重分離装置。7. A sample dispersion section for discharging a crushed plastic mixture in a central portion of a cylindrical tank while giving a swirl in a radial direction of the cylindrical tank, and a plurality of curved surfaces having a space having two conical shapes facing each other. Is fixed by a plate of a cone and has a hole in the center through which the crushed plastic mixture passes vertically upward in one cone, through which the crushed plastic collides with the center of the other cone. 7. The waste plastic specific gravity separation device according to claim 6, further comprising a sample dispersion part that is discharged in a substantially tangential direction of a conical circle along a plurality of plates having curved surfaces.
JP31217895A 1995-11-30 1995-11-30 Apparatus for separation of waste plastic by specific gravity and its method Pending JPH09150417A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31217895A JPH09150417A (en) 1995-11-30 1995-11-30 Apparatus for separation of waste plastic by specific gravity and its method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31217895A JPH09150417A (en) 1995-11-30 1995-11-30 Apparatus for separation of waste plastic by specific gravity and its method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH09150417A true JPH09150417A (en) 1997-06-10

Family

ID=18026167

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP31217895A Pending JPH09150417A (en) 1995-11-30 1995-11-30 Apparatus for separation of waste plastic by specific gravity and its method

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Country Link
JP (1) JPH09150417A (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1157680A (en) * 1997-08-28 1999-03-02 Nkk Corp Method for resource recovery of waste
JP2005095810A (en) * 2003-09-26 2005-04-14 Dowa Mining Co Ltd Method for separating granular mixture
JP2007125520A (en) * 2005-11-07 2007-05-24 Teijin Fibers Ltd Separation method of mixed plastic
WO2008004600A1 (en) 2006-07-03 2008-01-10 Teijin Fibers Limited Method of separating mixed plastic
JP2014223593A (en) * 2013-05-17 2014-12-04 日本シーム株式会社 Separation and recovery apparatus of waste plastic and separation and recovery methods of the same
CN114953258A (en) * 2022-05-12 2022-08-30 安徽环嘉天一再生资源有限公司 Method and apparatus for sorting plastic, and method for producing recycled plastic

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1157680A (en) * 1997-08-28 1999-03-02 Nkk Corp Method for resource recovery of waste
JP2005095810A (en) * 2003-09-26 2005-04-14 Dowa Mining Co Ltd Method for separating granular mixture
JP2007125520A (en) * 2005-11-07 2007-05-24 Teijin Fibers Ltd Separation method of mixed plastic
WO2008004600A1 (en) 2006-07-03 2008-01-10 Teijin Fibers Limited Method of separating mixed plastic
US8113354B2 (en) 2006-07-03 2012-02-14 Teijin Fibers Limited Method for sorting mixed plastic
TWI391219B (en) * 2006-07-03 2013-04-01 Teijin Fibers Ltd Method of sorting of mixed plastics
JP2014223593A (en) * 2013-05-17 2014-12-04 日本シーム株式会社 Separation and recovery apparatus of waste plastic and separation and recovery methods of the same
CN114953258A (en) * 2022-05-12 2022-08-30 安徽环嘉天一再生资源有限公司 Method and apparatus for sorting plastic, and method for producing recycled plastic

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