JPH09143687A - Crucible - Google Patents

Crucible

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Publication number
JPH09143687A
JPH09143687A JP31041995A JP31041995A JPH09143687A JP H09143687 A JPH09143687 A JP H09143687A JP 31041995 A JP31041995 A JP 31041995A JP 31041995 A JP31041995 A JP 31041995A JP H09143687 A JPH09143687 A JP H09143687A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
crucible
sic
film
aluminum
carbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP31041995A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shiko Matsuda
至康 松田
Hiroyuki Sato
博之 佐藤
Motoharu Mori
元治 毛利
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IHI Corp
Original Assignee
IHI Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IHI Corp filed Critical IHI Corp
Priority to JP31041995A priority Critical patent/JPH09143687A/en
Publication of JPH09143687A publication Critical patent/JPH09143687A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prolong the service life of a crucible and to attain the reduction of the running cost and the reduction of the intrusion of impurities into molten metal from the crubicle by forming a film good in adhesion to a crucible of carbon and inferior in the wettability with aluminum and the alloy thereof on the crucible. SOLUTION: As for an SiC film 2 with 0.1 to 1000μm thickness composed of carbon, its compsn. is regulated in such a manner that SiC gradiently increases from the surface of the crucible 1 and it is formed into SiC on the surface of the crucible 1. This SiC film 2 is composed of the gradient film in which the content of C is large for allowing it to approach the structure of the crucible 1 on the surface side of the crucible 1 in which it is brought into contact with aluminum or aluminum alloy 3, the content of Si is made large as it is off from the surface of the crucible 1, and it is formed into SiC on the surface of the SiC film 2. Moreover, the formed SiC film 2 is formed of plural layers by plasma thermal spraying either of an ion plating method or a CVD method.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明はアルミニウムやアル
ミニウム合金を溶解する真空溶解用または真空蒸着用の
ルツボに関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crucible for vacuum melting or vapor deposition for melting aluminum or aluminum alloy.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来アルミニウムやアルミニウム合金を
溶解し蒸発させ鋼板などに蒸着膜を形成するのに用いる
ルツボはカーボン(炭素)単体で構成されたルツボが多
く用いられていた。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a crucible used for melting aluminum and an aluminum alloy and evaporating the vapor to form a vapor deposition film on a steel plate or the like, a crucible made of carbon (carbon) alone has been widely used.

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】このようにカーボンで
構成されたルツボは、アルミニウムを溶解し蒸発させる
際にアルミニウムとカーボンの濡れ性および反応性が良
いため、両者の間に反応層が形成される。ルツボを冷却
する場合にアルミニウムの熱膨張率が大きいため、アル
ミニウムは大きく収縮する。これに対し、ルツボの熱膨
張率はアルミニウムよりも小さいので収縮も小さいが、
反応層により結合されているためアルミニウムの収縮に
より強制的な大きな変形応力が発生してルツボが割れ、
使用不可能になる。これはアルミニウム合金を溶解し蒸
発する場合も同様である。このためカーボンのルツボは
1回使用した後は廃却されていた。なお、特開平3−2
49172公報にはカーボンのルツボにTi,またはT
iC(炭化チタン)を被膜した技術が開示されている
が、Tiの使用はコスト的に問題があった。
The crucible thus constructed of carbon has a good wettability and reactivity between aluminum and carbon when aluminum is dissolved and evaporated, so that a reaction layer is formed between the two. It When the crucible is cooled, the thermal expansion coefficient of aluminum is large, so that the aluminum shrinks greatly. On the other hand, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the crucible is smaller than that of aluminum, so the contraction is small, but
Since it is bonded by the reaction layer, a large deformation stress is forcibly generated due to the shrinkage of aluminum, and the crucible cracks,
It becomes unusable. This is also the case when the aluminum alloy is melted and evaporated. Therefore, the carbon crucible was discarded after it was used once. Incidentally, JP-A-3-2
In Japanese Patent No. 49172, Ti or T is added to a carbon crucible.
Although a technique of coating iC (titanium carbide) is disclosed, the use of Ti has a problem in cost.

【0004】本発明は、上述の問題点に鑑みてなされた
もので、カーボンのルツボにカーボンと付着性をよく
し、アルミニウムや合金と濡れ性の悪い被膜を形成した
ルツボを提供することを目的とする。
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a crucible having a carbon crucible having good adhesion to carbon and a film having poor wettability with aluminum or an alloy. And

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
請求項1の発明では、炭素により構成されたルツボの表
面にSiC(炭化ケイ素)の被膜を形成し、該SiC被
膜をルツボ表面よりSiが傾斜的に増加し、被膜表面で
SiCとなるようにする。
In order to achieve the above object, in the invention of claim 1, an SiC (silicon carbide) coating is formed on the surface of a crucible made of carbon, and the SiC coating is formed from the surface of the crucible to Si. Gradually increases and becomes SiC on the film surface.

【0006】炭素で構成されたルツボにSiCの被膜を
直接付けても濡れ性が良いため、簡単に剥離する。ま
た、アルミニウムやアルミニウム合金と接する表面はこ
れらと濡れ性の悪いSiCとし、ルツボ冷却時、ルツボ
中のアルミニウムやアルミニウム合金が収縮してもこれ
と接着しないのでルツボに変形が発生せず、割れも生じ
ない。SiC被膜はルツボ表面ではSiに対してCが多
い組織としてルツボ表面との接着を大きくし、徐々にS
iを多くして被膜表面ではSiCとなるような被膜とな
っている。なお、このSiC被膜は一層で傾斜的にSi
が多くなるようにしてもよいし、複数層で段階的にSi
を増加してゆくようにしてもよい。
Even if a SiC film is directly attached to a crucible made of carbon, it has good wettability and is easily peeled off. Further, the surface in contact with aluminum or aluminum alloy is made of SiC having poor wettability with them, and when the crucible is cooled, even if aluminum or aluminum alloy in the crucible shrinks, it does not adhere to it, so that the crucible does not deform and cracks. Does not happen. The SiC film has a structure in which the surface of the crucible contains a large amount of C relative to Si.
The film is such that i is increased and the surface of the film becomes SiC. In addition, this SiC film is a single layer and is graded to Si.
May be increased, or multiple layers of Si
May be increased.

【0007】請求項2の発明では、前記SiC被膜の膜
厚は0.1μm〜1000μmとする。下限の0.1μ
mは溶湯により削りとられても予め定めた寿命を有する
限界厚さであり、上限の1000μmは厚くなると内部
応力が生じ、割れ易くなるが、この割れが多発しない限
界厚さを示す。
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the film thickness of the SiC coating is 0.1 μm to 1000 μm. Lower limit 0.1μ
m is a limit thickness that has a predetermined life even if it is scraped away by the molten metal, and the upper limit of 1000 μm indicates that the thickness is such that cracks do not occur frequently even though internal stress occurs when the thickness becomes thick and cracking easily occurs.

【0008】請求項3の発明では、前記SiC被膜はイ
オンプレーティング法、CVD(Chemical Vapor Depos
ition 化学蒸着) 法いずれかで形成される。イオンプレ
ーティング法およびCVD法はいずれも付着させる被膜
の成分となるSiC,C,Siなどを蒸発させてガス化
し対象物に付着させる。この際SiC,C,Siの量を
連続的に変えることにより、蒸発したガス濃度を変える
ことができる。この結果、一層の膜でSiの量を連続的
に変化したSiC膜が得られる。
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the SiC film is formed by an ion plating method, a CVD (Chemical Vapor Depos
ition chemical vapor deposition) method. In both the ion plating method and the CVD method, SiC, C, Si, etc., which are the components of the coating to be deposited, are vaporized and gasified to be deposited on the object. At this time, the concentration of evaporated gas can be changed by continuously changing the amounts of SiC, C, and Si. As a result, it is possible to obtain a SiC film in which the amount of Si is continuously changed in one film.

【0009】請求項4の発明では、前記SiC被膜はプ
ラズマ溶射により複数層より形成される。プラズマ溶射
はSiとCの粒子の割合を各層ごとに変化させ溶射す
る。このため段階的にSiの割合が増加する複数層より
なるSiC被膜を形成することができる。
In the invention of claim 4, the SiC coating is formed of a plurality of layers by plasma spraying. Plasma spraying is performed by changing the ratio of Si and C particles for each layer. Therefore, it is possible to form a SiC coating film having a plurality of layers in which the ratio of Si increases stepwise.

【0010】[0010]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態につい
て図面を参照して説明する。図1は本発明の実施の形態
を示す断面図で、(A)は縦断面図、(B)は(A)の
X−X断面図、(C)はSiC被膜の詳細図である。1
はカーボンにより構成されたルツボで、2はルツボ1の
内面に付着したSiC被膜、3はルツボ1で溶解し蒸発
して鋼板等に蒸着膜を形成するアルミニウムまたはアル
ミニウム合金である。SiC被膜2は(C)に示すよう
にアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金3と接触するル
ツボ1表面側ではルツボ1の組織に近づけてC量が多
く、ルツボ表面より離れるに従い次第にSi量が多くな
り、SiC被膜2の表面ではSiCとなるような傾斜膜
となっている。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention, (A) is a longitudinal sectional view, (B) is a sectional view taken along line XX of (A), and (C) is a detailed view of a SiC film. 1
Is a crucible made of carbon, 2 is a SiC film adhered to the inner surface of the crucible 1, and 3 is aluminum or an aluminum alloy that is melted and evaporated in the crucible 1 to form a vapor deposition film on a steel plate or the like. As shown in (C), the SiC coating 2 has a large amount of C on the surface side of the crucible 1 which is in contact with the aluminum or the aluminum alloy 3 in the vicinity of the structure of the crucible 1, and the amount of Si gradually increases as the distance from the surface of the crucible increases. The surface of No. 2 is a graded film that becomes SiC.

【0011】このようなルツボ1は例えばアルミニウム
メッキ用連続真空蒸着装置に用いられる。ルツボ1内に
は蒸発原料としてアルミニウム3が充填され、電子ビー
ムなどの加熱源により溶解および蒸発させる。溶解され
たアルミニウム3は通常1000℃以上に加熱されてい
る。このような高温下では、従来のカーボン単体ルツボ
ではアルミニウム溶湯とルツボ界面で反応し、冷却時に
アルミニウムとルツボが接合し、ルツボに割れが発生す
るが、本発明ではルツボ1の表面はSiC被膜2で被覆
われており、SiC被膜2とアルミニウム3とは高温下
においても濡れ性が悪く反応は生じない。従って、冷却
時にアルミニウム3が大きく収縮してもこの変形はルツ
ボ1には伝達されず、ルツボ1にひびや割れは発生しな
いのでルツボ1を繰り返し使用できる。またSiC被膜
2はルツボ1表面ではC量が多い膜となっているため、
ルツボ1との接着性がよく剥離しない。
Such a crucible 1 is used, for example, in a continuous vacuum deposition apparatus for aluminum plating. Aluminum 3 is filled in the crucible 1 as an evaporation material, and is melted and evaporated by a heating source such as an electron beam. The melted aluminum 3 is usually heated to 1000 ° C. or higher. Under such a high temperature, in the conventional carbon simple crucible, the molten aluminum reacts with the crucible interface, the aluminum and the crucible are joined during cooling, and cracks occur in the crucible. However, in the present invention, the surface of the crucible 1 has the SiC coating 2 Since the SiC film 2 and the aluminum film 3 are covered with, the wettability is poor even at high temperatures and no reaction occurs. Therefore, even if the aluminum 3 largely contracts during cooling, this deformation is not transmitted to the crucible 1 and the crucible 1 is not cracked or cracked, so that the crucible 1 can be repeatedly used. Further, since the SiC film 2 is a film having a large amount of C on the surface of the crucible 1,
The adhesiveness with the crucible 1 does not peel well.

【0012】次にSiC被膜の傾斜的被膜生成方法につ
いて説明する。イオンプレーティング(Ion Plating)法
は真空中で被膜として付着させる材料を加熱蒸発させた
蒸発原子をアルゴングロー放電中でイオン化し、負に印
加された基板上に衝突させ凝固させる方式である。被膜
材料としてSiとCとを用い、その割合を連続的に変化
させることにより発生するSiとCのイオンの濃度を連
続的に変化させ、ルツボ1に付着するSiの濃度を大き
くして、被膜表面をSiCにする。
Next, a method of forming a graded SiC film will be described. The ion plating (Ion Plating) method is a method in which vaporized atoms obtained by heating and evaporating a material to be deposited as a film in a vacuum are ionized in an argon glow discharge and collided on a negatively applied substrate to be solidified. Si and C are used as the coating material, and the concentration of Si and C ions generated by continuously changing the ratio is continuously changed to increase the concentration of Si adhering to the crucible 1 to form a coating film. The surface is made of SiC.

【0013】CVD法は被膜する元素を含むガスを基板
表面で熱分解または還元して折出被覆する方法で、Si
を含むガスとCを含むガスの割合を連続的に変化してS
iを含むガスの割合を多くしてSiC被膜を形成するこ
とができる。
The CVD method is a method in which a gas containing an element to be coated is thermally decomposed or reduced on the surface of a substrate to form a coating by extrusion.
By continuously changing the ratio of the gas containing C and the gas containing C
The SiC film can be formed by increasing the proportion of the gas containing i.

【0014】プラズマ溶射による方法は陰極と陽極ノズ
ルの間に発生させた直流アークで作動ガス(アルゴン、
窒素あるいはアルゴンと窒素、水素またはヘリウムの混
合ガス)を超高温に熱し、プラズマジェットとしてノズ
ルから噴出させ、この中へ溶射材料のSiとCの粉末を
送り込み、加熱加速して基板表面に吹き付けて被膜とす
る方法である。SiとCの粉末の割合を各層ごとに変え
て複数層形成し、最上層はSiCの被膜となる多層膜を
形成する。
The method using plasma spraying is a DC arc generated between a cathode and an anode nozzle, and a working gas (argon,
Nitrogen or argon and a mixed gas of nitrogen, hydrogen or helium) is heated to an ultrahigh temperature and ejected from a nozzle as a plasma jet, and the powders of Si and C of the thermal spraying material are sent into this, accelerated by heating and sprayed onto the substrate surface. It is a method of forming a film. A plurality of layers are formed by changing the ratio of the powders of Si and C for each layer, and the uppermost layer is a multilayer film serving as a coating of SiC.

【0015】図2は本発明の他の実施の形態を示す図で
あり、カーボンのルツボの内面と外面を傾斜的SiC被
膜で被覆したものである。(A)は縦断面図、(B)は
(A)のY−Y断面図を示す。イオンプレーティングや
CVD法で傾斜的にSiC被膜を形成する場合、図1の
ようにルツボ1の内面のみコーティングするには、外面
等内面以外をマスキングする必要がある。しかし、ルツ
ボ1の全面に被膜を形成するようにすればこのようなマ
スキングは不要になり、コーティング作業が容易にな
る。また、このように外面にも被膜を形成することによ
り、アルミニウム等の溶湯が外面に飛び散っても付着し
にくくなる。
FIG. 2 is a view showing another embodiment of the present invention, in which the inner surface and the outer surface of a carbon crucible are covered with a graded SiC film. (A) is a vertical cross-sectional view, and (B) is a YY cross-sectional view of (A). When the SiC coating is formed in an inclined manner by ion plating or the CVD method, in order to coat only the inner surface of the crucible 1 as shown in FIG. 1, it is necessary to mask the surface other than the inner surface such as the outer surface. However, if a coating is formed on the entire surface of the crucible 1, such masking becomes unnecessary and the coating operation becomes easy. Further, by forming the coating film also on the outer surface in this way, even if the molten metal such as aluminum is scattered on the outer surface, it becomes difficult to adhere.

【0016】[0016]

【発明の効果】以上の説明より明らかなように、本発明
は、カーボンのルツボ表面にSiC被膜を傾斜的に付着
し、ルツボ表面との付着を強固にし、アルミニウムやそ
の合金との濡れ性を悪くして冷却時アルミニウムやその
合金がルツボ表面と接合しないようにしたので、ルツボ
の割れを防止することができる。これにより以下の効果
が生じる。 従来のカーボンルツボよりも寿命が飛躍的に延びる。 寿命が延びることによりランニングコストが低減する
と共にルツボ交換作業等のメンテナンス作業が少なくな
る。 ルツボからアルミニウム等の溶融される金属への不純
物の混入が減少する。 ルツボ交換時にルツボ内の残留原料をそのまま再利用
できる。残留原料を他のルツボに移す場合、ルツボと接
合していないので容易に取り出すことができる。
As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the SiC film is obliquely adhered to the surface of the carbon crucible to strengthen the adhesion to the surface of the crucible and to improve the wettability with aluminum or its alloy. At worst, the aluminum and its alloy are prevented from joining to the surface of the crucible during cooling, so that cracking of the crucible can be prevented. This produces the following effects. The life is dramatically extended compared to conventional carbon crucibles. The extended life reduces running costs and reduces maintenance work such as crucible replacement work. Mixing of impurities from the crucible into the molten metal such as aluminum is reduced. When the crucible is replaced, the raw material remaining in the crucible can be reused as it is. When the residual raw material is transferred to another crucible, it can be easily taken out because it is not joined to the crucible.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本実施の形態のルツボを示し、(A)は縦断面
図,(B)は(A)のX−X断面図、(C)は傾斜的被
膜を示す図である。
FIG. 1 shows a crucible of the present embodiment, (A) is a longitudinal sectional view, (B) is a sectional view taken along line XX of (A), and (C) is a view showing a graded coating.

【図2】本発明の他の実施の形態で、ルツボの全面をS
iC被膜で覆った場合を示し、(A)は縦断面図、
(B)は(A)のX−X断面図である。
FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention in which the entire surface of the crucible is S
The case where it is covered with an iC film is shown, (A) is a longitudinal sectional view,
(B) is XX sectional drawing of (A).

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 ルツボ 2 SiC被膜 3 アルミニウムまたはその合金 1 Crucible 2 SiC coating 3 Aluminum or its alloy

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 毛利 元治 神奈川県横浜市磯子区新中原町1番地 石 川島播磨重工業株式会社横浜エンジニアリ ングセンター内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Motoharu Mohri No. 1 Shin-Nakahara-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Ishi Kawashima Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Yokohama Engineering Center

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 カーボンにより構成されたルツボの表面
にSiCの被膜を形成し、該SiC被膜をルツボ表面よ
りSiが傾斜的に増加し、被膜表面でSiCとなるよう
にしたことを特徴とするルツボ。
1. A crucible made of carbon is coated with a SiC coating on the surface thereof, and the SiC coating is formed so that Si gradually increases from the crucible surface so that the coating surface becomes SiC. Crucible.
【請求項2】 前記SiC被膜の膜厚は0.1μm〜1
000μmとすることを特徴とする請求項1記載のルツ
ボ。
2. The thickness of the SiC coating is 0.1 μm to 1
The crucible according to claim 1, wherein the crucible has a thickness of 000 μm.
【請求項3】 前記SiC被膜はイオンプレーティング
法、CVD法いずれかで形成されることを特徴とする請
求項1または2記載のルツボ。
3. The crucible according to claim 1, wherein the SiC film is formed by either an ion plating method or a CVD method.
【請求項4】 前記SiC被膜はプラズマ溶射により複
数層より形成されることを特徴とする請求項1または2
記載のルツボ。
4. The SiC coating is formed of a plurality of layers by plasma spraying.
The described crucible.
JP31041995A 1995-11-29 1995-11-29 Crucible Pending JPH09143687A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31041995A JPH09143687A (en) 1995-11-29 1995-11-29 Crucible

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31041995A JPH09143687A (en) 1995-11-29 1995-11-29 Crucible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH09143687A true JPH09143687A (en) 1997-06-03

Family

ID=18005037

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP31041995A Pending JPH09143687A (en) 1995-11-29 1995-11-29 Crucible

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH09143687A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP2014528888A (en) * 2011-08-05 2014-10-30 クルーシブル インテレクチュアル プロパティ エルエルシーCrucible Intellectual Property Llc Crucible material

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014528888A (en) * 2011-08-05 2014-10-30 クルーシブル インテレクチュアル プロパティ エルエルシーCrucible Intellectual Property Llc Crucible material
US10107550B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2018-10-23 Crucible Intellectual Property, LLC. Crucible materials

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