JPH0879183A - Optical communication equipment between ground machine and space machine - Google Patents
Optical communication equipment between ground machine and space machineInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0879183A JPH0879183A JP6234511A JP23451194A JPH0879183A JP H0879183 A JPH0879183 A JP H0879183A JP 6234511 A JP6234511 A JP 6234511A JP 23451194 A JP23451194 A JP 23451194A JP H0879183 A JPH0879183 A JP H0879183A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- optical
- ground
- spacecraft
- optical communication
- machine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、人工衛星等の宇宙機
と地上間の連携通信に用いられるレーザ光による地上・
宇宙機間光通信装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ground-based laser light used for cooperative communication between a spacecraft such as an artificial satellite and the ground.
The present invention relates to an optical communication device between spacecraft.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】人工衛星を始め、宇宙ステーション等の
各種宇宙機においては、相互に連携をとることが運用面
において重要であり、したがって通信面においてもそれ
らの宇宙機相互間の連携通信が要求されている。従来、
このような宇宙機相互間の連携通信は、電波を用いて行
われている。ところが地球観測衛星や宇宙ステーション
等の如く宇宙における活動が増加するに伴い、宇宙機相
互間で伝送すべき情報量も飛躍的に増大し、データ信号
速度が１〜10Ｇbps 程度必要とされている。しかし従来
の電波による通信方式では、混信を防止するための周波
数割当の問題や、アンテナ口径あるいは送信出力の限界
等から実用的には既に限界状態に達している。このため
レーザ光を用いた光通信方式が注目され、特に大気の影
響を受けない宇宙空間では宇宙機相互間の光通信方式は
有望視されている。2. Description of the Related Art In various spacecraft such as artificial satellites and space stations, it is important to cooperate with each other in terms of operation. Therefore, in terms of communication as well, cooperative communication between these spacecraft is required. Has been done. Conventionally,
Such cooperative communication between spacecraft is performed using radio waves. However, as the activities in space such as earth observation satellites and space stations increase, the amount of information to be transmitted between spacecraft also increases dramatically, and the data signal rate is required to be about 1 to 10 Gbps. However, the conventional radio-wave communication system has already reached a practical limit due to the problem of frequency allocation for preventing interference, the antenna aperture, the transmission output limit, and the like. Therefore, an optical communication system using laser light has been attracting attention, and an optical communication system between spacecrafts is regarded as promising especially in outer space that is not affected by the atmosphere.
【０００３】ところで、宇宙機相互間における連携通信
にレーザ光を用いた光通信方式を用いる場合、宇宙機と
地上間の連携通信にもレーザ光による光通信方式を用い
るのが好都合である。ところが、レーザ光を用いて宇宙
機−地上間の通信を行う場合、送受光部にどのような高
性能の望遠鏡などを装備した装置を用いたとしても、宇
宙機と地上間には、雲，霧などが存在する場合は、レー
ザ光は著しく吸収，散乱，あるいは反射され、したがっ
て光信号は大幅に減衰してしまい、また大気自体によっ
ても屈折，散乱され減衰してしまうため、両者間の光通
信は不可能となってしまう。When an optical communication system using laser light is used for cooperative communication between spacecraft, it is convenient to use an optical communication system using laser light for cooperative communication between the spacecraft and the ground. However, when communication between the spacecraft and the ground is performed using laser light, no matter what kind of high-performance telescope or the like is installed in the transmitting / receiving unit, a cloud, In the presence of fog, the laser light is significantly absorbed, scattered, or reflected, so the optical signal is greatly attenuated, and the atmosphere itself also refracts, scatters, and attenuates the light between them. Communication becomes impossible.
【０００４】そのため、レーザ光による衛星−地上間の
通信を行う場合は、地上局は砂漠などの極めて高い晴天
率を有する地方で、且つ大気の影響を可能な限り低減さ
せるため、高山の山頂などの高地に設置しなければなら
ない。Therefore, when performing satellite-to-ground communication using laser light, the ground station is located in a region such as a desert where the sky ratio is extremely high, and in order to reduce the influence of the atmosphere as much as possible, the top of a high mountain or the like. Must be installed in the highlands of.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、日本は
極めて雨の多い国であり、上記の条件に合致する場所は
存在しない。海外では、この条件に適した場所は存在す
るが、海外に地上局を設置して衛星との通信を行う場
合、その海外地上局と日本国内の基地局との間の通信手
段を確保しなければならない。光通信は高伝送レート化
を目的として導入されるものなので、海外地上局と日本
国内基地局との間に大容量の通信ルートを確保すること
が必要となり、極めて大なる費用を要することになる。
したがって、何らかの手段で、日本国内の任意の場所に
地上局を設置できなければ、レーザ光を用いた光通信方
式は実用的な通信手段とはならない。However, Japan is an extremely rainy country, and there is no place that meets the above conditions. There are places overseas that are suitable for this condition, but if you install a ground station overseas to communicate with the satellite, you must secure the communication means between the overseas ground station and the base station in Japan. I have to. Since optical communication is introduced for the purpose of increasing the transmission rate, it is necessary to secure a large-capacity communication route between the overseas ground station and the Japanese domestic base station, which will be extremely expensive. .
Therefore, if the ground station cannot be installed in any place in Japan by some means, the optical communication system using the laser beam cannot be a practical communication means.
【０００６】本発明は、人工衛星等の宇宙機と地上間の
連携通信にレーザ光による光通信方式を適用する場合に
おける上記問題点を解決するためになされたもので、降
雨等の多い気象条件の光通信に適しない地域において
も、安定したレーザ光を用いた光通信が行なえるように
した地上・宇宙機間光通信装置を提供することを目的と
する。The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the case of applying the optical communication system using laser light to the coordinated communication between a spacecraft such as an artificial satellite and the ground, and is subject to meteorological conditions such as rainfall. It is an object of the present invention to provide a terrestrial / spacecraft optical communication device capable of performing stable optical communication using laser light even in an area not suitable for optical communication.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段及び作用】上記問題点を解
決するため、本発明は、人工衛星などの宇宙機と地上間
の通信を行うためのレーザ光を用いた地上・宇宙機間光
通信装置において、宇宙機とレーザ光による光通信を行
う光送受信部を、成層圏に定留させた気球などの定留飛
行手段に搭載すると共に、該光送受信部と地上送受信部
とを光ファイバ部で接続してファイバ通信を行うように
構成するものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a ground-to-spacecraft optical communication using laser light for communication between a spacecraft such as an artificial satellite and the ground. In the device, an optical transceiver for performing optical communication with a spacecraft by a laser beam is mounted on a stationary flight means such as a balloon that has been detained in the stratosphere, and the optical transceiver and the ground transceiver are formed by an optical fiber unit. It is configured to connect and perform fiber communication.
【０００８】このように、宇宙機と光通信を行う光送受
信部を搭載した気球等の定留飛行手段を定留する成層圏
は、天候が極めて安定し、且つ雲，霧などレーザ光を大
きく減衰させる要因が存在しないため、任意の場所にお
いて宇宙機と地上間に安定した光通信回線を実現するこ
とができ、これにより大容量の宇宙通信が可能となる。As described above, in the stratosphere where the stationary flight means such as a balloon equipped with the optical transceiver for optical communication with the spacecraft is installed, the weather is extremely stable and the laser light such as clouds and fog is greatly attenuated. Since there is no factor that causes it, a stable optical communication line can be realized between the spacecraft and the ground at an arbitrary location, which enables large-capacity space communication.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例】次に実施例について説明する。図１は、本発
明に係る地上・宇宙機間光通信装置の実施例を示す概略
図である。図において、１は気球で、大気状態の安定し
た高度10000 ｍ以上の成層圏に定留させられており、電
力供給のための太陽電池２、位置及び姿勢安定化のため
のスタビライザ３，４、並びにレーザ光により宇宙機と
の光通信を行うための光送受信部５を備えている。気球
１を、上記太陽電池２，スタビライザ３，４及び光送受
信部５を搭載して成層圏に定留させるためには、250 kg
程度の浮揚力（光送受信部一式が75kg、太陽電池，スタ
ビライザ等の構造系が175 kg）を必要とするが、この程
度の浮揚力は直径16ｍ程度のサイズのHe気球で実現する
ことができる。EXAMPLES Next, examples will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of an optical communication device between ground and spacecraft according to the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a balloon, which is fixed in the stratosphere at a stable altitude of 10,000 m or higher in the atmospheric condition, and has a solar cell 2 for power supply, stabilizers 3 and 4 for stabilizing position and attitude, and The optical transceiver 5 is provided for performing optical communication with a spacecraft by laser light. In order to fix the balloon 1 in the stratosphere by mounting the solar cell 2, the stabilizers 3, 4 and the optical transmitter / receiver 5, 250 kg
It requires a levitation force (75 kg for a set of optical transceiver and 175 kg for a structural system such as a solar cell and a stabilizer), but this levitation force can be realized with a He balloon having a diameter of about 16 m. .
【００１０】11は地上12に設置した地上送受信部で、該
地上送受信部11と前記気球１に搭載された光送受信部５
との間は光ファイバ部21で接続されており、光送受信部
５と地上送受信部11間の通信をファイバ通信で行うよう
になっている。そして光ファイバ部21には、多数の安定
装置22〜26が設けられており、各安定装置は、小型の気
球と電源とプロペラ等の推進機などからなるスタビライ
ザとで構成されており、このスタビライザの設計、並び
に地上送受信部11に設けられたケーブル巻取り機構など
によるケーブル長調整装置（図示せず）によって、偏西
風などの強風によっても光ファイバ部21が大きく流動さ
れないように構成することができる。なお、図におい
て、31は雲, 32は霧を示している。Reference numeral 11 denotes a ground transmitter / receiver installed on the ground 12, and the ground transmitter / receiver 11 and the optical transmitter / receiver 5 mounted on the balloon 1.
The optical transmission / reception unit 5 and the terrestrial transmission / reception unit 11 are connected to each other by fiber communication. The optical fiber unit 21 is provided with a large number of stabilizers 22 to 26, and each stabilizer is composed of a small balloon and a stabilizer composed of a power source and a propelling machine such as a propeller. And a cable length adjusting device (not shown) such as a cable winding mechanism provided in the terrestrial transmitter / receiver 11 can prevent the optical fiber portion 21 from largely flowing even by strong wind such as westerly wind. . In the figure, 31 is a cloud and 32 is a fog.
【００１１】このように構成された地上・宇宙機間光通
信装置においては、地上に設置された地上送受信部11か
らの信号は、光ファイバ部21を介して気球１に搭載され
た光送受信部５に伝送され、該光送受信部５からレーザ
信号光が改めて宇宙機に向けて送出され、雲，霧等の影
響を全く受けることなく、極めて安定した状態で宇宙機
に到達させることができる。また、宇宙機からのレーザ
信号光も、同様に気球１に搭載された光送受信部５で受
信し、光ファイバ部21を介して地上光送受信部11に伝送
され、安定した状態で受信することができる。In the terrestrial-to-spacecraft optical communication device configured as described above, the signal from the terrestrial transceiver unit 11 installed on the ground is the optical transceiver unit mounted on the balloon 1 via the optical fiber unit 21. The laser signal light is transmitted to the spacecraft again from the optical transmission / reception unit 5, and can be made to reach the spacecraft in an extremely stable state without being affected by clouds, fog or the like. Similarly, the laser signal light from the spacecraft is also received by the optical transmitter / receiver 5 mounted on the balloon 1 and transmitted to the terrestrial optical transmitter / receiver 11 via the optical fiber portion 21 to be received in a stable state. You can
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の効果】以上実施例に基づいて説明したように、
本発明によれば、雲，霧等の光を減衰させる要因の存在
しない成層圏に定留させた飛行手段に宇宙機と光通信を
行う光送受信部を搭載し、該光送受信部と地上送受信部
との間は光ファイバ部で通信を行うようにしたので、任
意の場所に地上−宇宙機間の安定したレーザ光による光
通信回線を実現することができ、大容量の宇宙通信を可
能にする等の効果が得られる。As described above on the basis of the embodiments,
According to the present invention, an optical transceiver unit for performing optical communication with a spacecraft is mounted on a flight means that is fixed in the stratosphere where there is no factor for attenuating light such as clouds and fog, and the optical transceiver unit and the ground transceiver unit. Since the optical fiber section is used to communicate with the spacecraft, it is possible to realize an optical communication line with stable laser light between the ground and spacecraft at any place, enabling a large-capacity space communication. And so on.
【図１】本発明に係る地上・宇宙機間光通信装置の実施
例を示す概略構成図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of an optical communication device between ground and spacecraft according to the present invention.
１ 気球 ２ 太陽電池 ３，４ スタビライザ ５ 光送受信部 11 地上送受信部 12 地上 21 光ファイバ部 22〜26 安定装置 1 Balloon 2 Solar Cell 3, 4 Stabilizer 5 Optical Transmitter / Receiver 11 Terrestrial Transmitter / Receiver 12 Terrestrial 21 Optical Fiber 22 to 26 Stabilizer
Claims (3)
行うためのレーザ光を用いた地上・宇宙機間光通信装置
において、宇宙機とレーザ光による光通信を行う光送受
信部を、成層圏に定留させた気球などの定留飛行手段に
搭載すると共に、該光送受信部と地上送受信部とを光フ
ァイバ部で接続してファイバ通信を行うように構成した
ことを特徴とする地上・宇宙機間光通信装置1. A terrestrial-to-spacecraft optical communication device using laser light for performing communication between a spacecraft such as an artificial satellite and the ground, an optical transceiver unit for performing optical communication with the spacecraft by laser light, It is mounted on a stationary flight means such as a balloon that has been detained in the stratosphere, and the optical transmitter / receiver and the ground transmitter / receiver are connected by an optical fiber unit to perform fiber communication. Optical communication device between spacecraft
太陽電池及び位置、姿勢の安定化のためのスタビライザ
を備えていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の地上・宇
宙機間光通信装置。2. The terrestrial / spacecraft light according to claim 1, wherein the stationary flight means includes a solar cell for supplying electric power and a stabilizer for stabilizing the position and attitude. Communication device.
ビライザで構成される安定装置を備えていることを特徴
とする請求項１又は２記載の地上・宇宙機間光通信装
置。3. The terrestrial / spacecraft optical communication device according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber portion includes a stabilizer including a balloon, a power source, and a stabilizer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6234511A JPH0879183A (en) | 1994-09-05 | 1994-09-05 | Optical communication equipment between ground machine and space machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6234511A JPH0879183A (en) | 1994-09-05 | 1994-09-05 | Optical communication equipment between ground machine and space machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0879183A true JPH0879183A (en) | 1996-03-22 |
Family
ID=16972177
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6234511A Pending JPH0879183A (en) | 1994-09-05 | 1994-09-05 | Optical communication equipment between ground machine and space machine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0879183A (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03157296A (en) * | 1989-11-14 | 1991-07-05 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Moored balloon of high mobility |
-
1994
- 1994-09-05 JP JP6234511A patent/JPH0879183A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03157296A (en) * | 1989-11-14 | 1991-07-05 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Moored balloon of high mobility |
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