JPH0857479A - Recovery of outflow oil and connector of oil fence and oil adsorbing material used therein - Google Patents
Recovery of outflow oil and connector of oil fence and oil adsorbing material used thereinInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0857479A JPH0857479A JP6193106A JP19310694A JPH0857479A JP H0857479 A JPH0857479 A JP H0857479A JP 6193106 A JP6193106 A JP 6193106A JP 19310694 A JP19310694 A JP 19310694A JP H0857479 A JPH0857479 A JP H0857479A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- fence
- adsorbent
- spilled
- recovery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/204—Keeping clear the surface of open water from oil spills
Landscapes
- Cleaning Or Clearing Of The Surface Of Open Water (AREA)
- Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、海面や水面に流出した
油の回収方法及び、該方法で使用されるオイルフェンス
と油吸着材の接続具に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for recovering oil that has flowed out to the surface of the sea or the surface of water, and a connector for connecting an oil fence and an oil adsorbent used in the method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来技術】海面や水面に流出した油の流出事故対策と
して従来は、オイルフェンスを流出油の周りに投下して
流出油を取り囲み、絞り込んで流出油を寄せ集めたの
ち、シート状の油吸着材を投下して流出油を吸着させ、
回収する方法が専ら多用されている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a countermeasure against oil spills that have leaked to the surface of the sea or the surface of the water, an oil fence is dropped around the spilled oil to surround the spilled oil. Drop the material to absorb the spilled oil,
The method of collecting is exclusively used.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】オイルフェンスは油を
寄せ集める機能しかなく、集めた流出油を回収するには
油吸着材を投下する必要がある。本発明の第１の目的
は、オイルフェンスと油吸着材を組合わせることによっ
て、油出油の拡散防止及び寄せ集めと、油吸着とを同時
に行って油回収の省力化を図ろうとするものであり、第
２の目的は、オイルフェンスと油吸着材を連結する接続
具を提供しようとするものである。The oil fence has only a function of collecting the oil, and it is necessary to drop the oil adsorbent to collect the collected spilled oil. The first object of the present invention is to combine the oil fence and the oil adsorbent to prevent the diffusion and gathering of the oil output oil and to adsorb the oil at the same time to save the labor of the oil recovery. A second object is to provide a connector for connecting the oil fence and the oil adsorbent.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題の解決手段及び作用】第１の目的を達成するため
の流出油の回収方法は、親油性素材よりなる筒状の袋内
に発泡樹脂よりなる芯材兼浮力材を装着したオイルフェ
ンス状油吸着材の両側にオイルフェンスを連結した油回
収フェンスを用い、これを流出油の周りに張設したの
ち、両側のオイルフェンス端を船で牽引して流出油を寄
せ集め、油吸着材に吸着させることを特徴とする。[Means for Solving the Problems and Actions] In order to achieve the first object, a method for collecting spilled oil is an oil fence shape in which a tubular bag made of lipophilic material is fitted with a core material and buoyancy material made of foamed resin. After using an oil recovery fence in which an oil fence is connected to both sides of the oil adsorbent and stretching it around the spilled oil, the ends of the oil fence are towed by a ship to collect the spilled oil and use it as an oil adsorbent. It is characterized by being adsorbed.
【０００５】本方法によれば、油回収フェンスの牽引に
より、流出油が次第に寄せ集められ、中央の油吸着材に
接する流出油の濃度が次第に増して油吸着材に吸着され
る。本方法で用いられる油吸着材の親油性素材として
は、例えばポリエチチン、ポリエステル、ポリプロピレ
ン等を素材とする合成繊維で、繊維長は、連続繊維でも
短繊維でもいづれでもよいが、スパンボンド法によって
得られた長繊維よりなる厚物の不織布が好ましい例とし
て挙げられ、強度補強のためシート、例えばポリオレフ
ィンを素材とする織布を積層したものがより好ましい例
として挙げられる。According to this method, the spilled oil is gradually gathered by the towing of the oil recovery fence, and the concentration of the spilled oil in contact with the central oil adsorbent is gradually increased and adsorbed on the oil adsorbent. The lipophilic material of the oil adsorbent used in this method is, for example, a synthetic fiber made of polyethylene, polyester, polypropylene or the like, and the fiber length thereof may be continuous fiber or short fiber, but is obtained by the spunbond method. A preferable example is a thick non-woven fabric made of long fibers, and a more preferable example is a sheet for reinforcing strength, for example, a laminate of woven fabrics made of polyolefin.
【０００６】また、油吸着材の浮力材としては、例えば
ポリオレフィン発泡体、とりわけポリエチチン発泡体が
好ましい例として挙げられる。ポリエチチン発泡体を用
いた場合、ある程度の風力や波力でも撓わまない程度の
強度を有するうえ、エチレン系油類にも溶解せず、また
焼却処分時に有害ガスの発生もなくなるからである。本
方法で用いる油吸着材には、好ましくは重りや連結用の
ロープが添着され、また親油性素材よりなるスカートが
設けられる。As the buoyancy material of the oil adsorbent, for example, a polyolefin foam, especially a polyethylene foam is mentioned as a preferable example. This is because the use of the polyethytin foam has such strength that it will not be bent even by a certain amount of wind power or wave power, it will not dissolve in ethylene oils, and no harmful gas will be generated during incineration. The oil adsorbent used in this method is preferably attached with a weight or a rope for connection, and is provided with a skirt made of a lipophilic material.
【０００７】重りを設けることにより、油吸着材が海面
或いは水面下に適当量沈下し、ある程度の波風があって
も自立できるようになり、またスカートを設けることに
より、油吸着材を潜り抜けて流出しようとする油を捕集
し吸着できるようになる。また、油吸着材の両端より伸
び出したロープを繋ぐことによって油吸着材同志或いは
油吸着材とオイルフェンスを連結し、ロープを引張るこ
とにより、適度な張力を持たせて油吸着材やオイルフェ
ンスを張設することができる。By providing a weight, the oil adsorbent will sink to an appropriate amount below the sea surface or under the water surface, and will be able to stand on its own even if there is a certain amount of wave wind. It becomes possible to collect and adsorb the oil that is about to flow out. Also, by connecting ropes extending from both ends of the oil adsorbent, the oil adsorbents or the oil adsorbent are connected to each other and the rope is pulled, and the rope is pulled to give an appropriate tension to the oil adsorbent or the oil fence. Can be stretched.
【０００８】油吸着材にはまた、好ましくはその両端に
油吸着材同志を連結するためのスライドファスナーが取
着される。本方法で用いられるオイルフェンスとして
は、法規で定められる種々のタイプのオイルフェンスを
用いることができる。こうしたオイルフェンスには一般
に、各端にオイルフェンス接続用に並設される一対のス
ライドファスナーと、両スライドファスナー間より若干
突出し、オイルフェンスの防油壁と同一材料のシート端
を有し、オイルフェンス同志を連結するときには、互い
のシート端を重ね合せたのち、シート端両側のスライド
ファスナー同志を結合し、シートにより結合部に強度
と、防油機能を持たせるようにしている。[0008] The oil adsorbent is also preferably fitted with slide fasteners at both ends thereof for connecting the oil adsorbents. As the oil fence used in this method, various types of oil fences defined by law can be used. Generally, such an oil fence has a pair of slide fasteners arranged in parallel at each end for connecting an oil fence, and a sheet end made of the same material as the oil barrier of the oil fence, which slightly protrudes between the slide fasteners. When connecting fences to each other, the sheet ends are overlapped with each other, and then the slide fasteners on both sides of the sheet ends are joined to each other so that the joining portion has strength and an oil-proof function.
【０００９】第２の目的を達成するための接続具は、上
記方法で用いられるオイルフェンスと油吸着材を連結す
るためのもので、オイルフェンスに用いる防油壁と同一
材料若しくは、親油性素材よりなるシート二枚を重ね合
せて、その一端に油吸着材連結用のスライドファスナー
を取着すると共に、シート各他端にオイルフェンス連結
用のスライドファスナーを取着してなるものである。The connecting tool for achieving the second object is for connecting the oil fence and the oil adsorbent used in the above method, and is the same material as the oil barrier used for the oil fence or a lipophilic material. Two sheets of the above-mentioned sheet are superposed, a slide fastener for connecting the oil adsorbent is attached to one end of the sheet, and a slide fastener for connecting the oil fence is attached to each of the other ends of the sheets.
【００１０】油吸着材とオイルフェンスを連結するとき
には、油吸着材のスライドファスナーと接続具一端のス
ライドファスナーを結合すると共に、オイルフェンス一
端の両スライドファスナーと接続具他端の両スライドフ
ァスナーとをそれぞれ結合する。本接続具においても、
油吸着材やオイルフェンスと同様、重りを付けたり、ス
カートを設けるのが望ましい。When connecting the oil adsorbent and the oil fence, the slide fastener of the oil adsorbent and the slide fastener at one end of the connecting tool are coupled together, and both slide fasteners at one end of the oil fence and both slide fasteners at the other end of the connecting tool are connected. Combine each. Also in this connection tool,
As with oil adsorbents and fences, it is desirable to add weights or skirts.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】図１及び図２は、オイルフェンス状油吸着材
Ａについて示すもので、ポリプロピレンを素材とするフ
ラットヤーンで織成したクロスの両面に同じくポリプロ
ピレンを素材とし、スパンボンド法によって得られた長
繊維よりなる厚物の不織布を積層した三層構造のシート
の一半を筒状に縫製加工、或いは融着して形成した袋１
内に発泡ポリエチレンシートを丸めた芯材兼浮力材２が
一定間隔ごとに装填され、各浮力材２の両端において、
それぞれ袋１が縫着ないし融着され、浮力材２を封入し
ている。EXAMPLES FIGS. 1 and 2 show an oil fence-like oil adsorbent A, which was obtained by a spunbond method using polypropylene as the material on both sides of a cloth woven with a flat yarn made of polypropylene. Bag 1 formed by sewing or fusing one half of a three-layer structure sheet in which thick non-woven fabrics made of long fibers are laminated
The core material and buoyancy material 2 each having a foamed polyethylene sheet rolled therein are loaded at regular intervals, and at both ends of each buoyancy material 2,
Each bag 1 is sewn or fused to enclose the buoyancy material 2.
【００１２】袋外には袋１に沿うようにしてポリオレフ
ィンよりなるロープ３がシートに包み込まれるようにし
て取付けられ、その両端が油吸着材Ａの両側より伸びて
突出しており、またその下部には、金属製の鎖や鉄棒よ
りなる重り４が一定間隔で同じくシートに包み込まれる
ようにして取付けてある。油吸着材Ａの両側にスライド
ファスナー５が取付けてあり、隣接する油吸着材Ａのス
ライドファスナー５同志を結合することにより、油吸着
材Ａが一連に連結できるようになっている。図中、６は
スカートである。A rope 3 made of polyolefin is attached to the outside of the bag so as to be wrapped in a sheet along the bag 1. Both ends of the rope 3 are extended and projected from both sides of the oil adsorbent A, and the lower part thereof is provided. Is attached so that weights 4 made of metal chains or iron bars are also wrapped in a sheet at regular intervals. The slide fasteners 5 are attached on both sides of the oil adsorbent A, and the oil adsorbents A can be connected in series by connecting the slide fasteners 5 of the adjacent oil adsorbents A to each other. In the figure, 6 is a skirt.
【００１３】図３及び図４は、オイルフェンスＢの一タ
イプを示すもので、ビニロンよりなるキャンバスシート
の一半を筒状に縫製加工して形成した袋１１内に発泡樹
脂よりなるフロート１２を一定間隔で装填し、その両側
を縫着してフロート１２を封入してなるもので、袋外に
は同じくロープ１３がシートに包み込まれるようにして
取付けられ、スカート下端には鉛１４が一定間隔で取付
けられている。FIGS. 3 and 4 show one type of oil fence B, in which one half of a canvas sheet made of vinylon is sewn into a tubular shape to form a float 12 made of foamed resin in a bag 11. It is loaded at intervals and sewn on both sides to enclose the float 12, and the rope 13 is also attached outside the bag so as to be wrapped in a sheet, and the lead 14 is fixed at regular intervals on the lower end of the skirt. Installed.
【００１４】オイルフェンスＢの両側には、図５に示さ
れるように、縫い代１５の間に一定巾の同じ材質よりな
るキャンパスシート１６の一端が縫い込まれて縫い代１
５より突出し、各縫い代端にはスライドファスナー１７
が取付けてある。図６は、上述する油吸着材Ａとオイル
フェンスＢを連結する接続具Ｃについて示すもので、オ
イルフェンスＢと同じ材質のキャンパスシート二枚を重
ねてその一端に油吸着材連結用のスライドファスナー２
２を挟み込んで縫着する一方、キャンパスシート２１の
各他端にオイルフェンス連結用のスライドファスナー２
３を取付けてなるもので、各ファスナー２２及び２３は
油吸着材ＡとオイルフェンスＢのファスナー５と１７の
長さに応じた長さを有している。As shown in FIG. 5, on both sides of the oil fence B, one end of a campus sheet 16 made of the same material and having a constant width is sewn between the seam allowances 15 so that the seam allowances 1 are provided.
5 and slide fasteners 17 at each seam margin.
Is installed. FIG. 6 shows a connecting tool C for connecting the oil adsorbent A and the oil fence B described above. Two campus sheets made of the same material as the oil fence B are stacked and a slide fastener for connecting the oil adsorbent is provided at one end thereof. Two
Slide fastener 2 for connecting the oil fence is attached to each of the other ends of the campus sheet 21 while sandwiching 2 for sewing.
3, each fastener 22 and 23 has a length corresponding to the length of the fasteners 5 and 17 of the oil adsorbent A and the oil fence B.
【００１５】油吸着材ＡとオイルフェンスＢを接続具Ｃ
により連結するときには、図７に示すように、油吸着材
Ａの一端にスライドファスナー５と接続具一端のスライ
ドファスナー２２とを結合すると共に、オイルフェンス
Ｂの一端のキャンパスシート１６をキャンパスシート２
１間に挿入し、前後においてオイルフェンスＢのスライ
ドファスナー１７と接続具Ｃのスライドファスナー２３
とをそれぞれ結合することによって連結される。The oil adsorbent A and the oil fence B are connected to each other by a connecting tool C.
7, the slide fastener 5 and the slide fastener 22 at one end of the connecting tool are coupled to one end of the oil adsorbent A, and the campus sheet 16 at one end of the oil fence B is connected to the campus sheet 2 as shown in FIG.
The slide fastener 17 of the oil fence B and the slide fastener 23 of the connecting tool C are inserted between the front and rear, and inserted between the two.
They are connected by connecting and respectively.
【００１６】図８は、油吸着材ＡとオイルフェンスＢを
接続具Ｃによって連結した油回収フェンスＤを用いて流
出油を回収するときの一例を示すもので、油回収フェン
スＤは油吸着材Ａの両側にオイルフェンスＢを接続具Ｃ
により上記のようにして連結してなるもので、流出油Ｅ
の周りを油回収フェンスＤで取り囲み、両側のオイルフ
ェンス端をタグボートＦで図の矢印方向に牽引して油Ｅ
を寄せ集めながら、濃度を増した高濃度の油を油吸着材
Ａに吸着させるようにしている。FIG. 8 shows an example of collecting spilled oil using an oil recovery fence D in which an oil adsorbent A and an oil fence B are connected by a connector C. The oil recovery fence D is an oil adsorbent material. Oil fence B is connected to both sides of A.
Spilled oil E
Surround the area with an oil recovery fence D and pull the ends of the oil fences on both sides with a tugboat F in the direction of the arrow in the figure to see the oil E.
While adhering to each other, the oil of high concentration with increased concentration is adsorbed on the oil adsorbent A.
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の効果】本発明は以上のように構成され、次のよ
うな効果を奏する。請求項１記載の回収方法によれば、
寄せ集められて高濃度となった流出油が油吸着材に吸着
されるようになり、オイルフェンスで流出油を寄せ集め
たのち油吸着材を投下する従来法に比べ、流出油の寄せ
集めと、吸着が一度で行われ、省力化が可能となる。The present invention is constructed as described above and has the following effects. According to the recovery method of claim 1,
The spilled oil that has been collected and becomes a high concentration will be adsorbed on the oil adsorbent, and compared to the conventional method in which the spilled oil is collected by an oil fence and then the oil adsorbent is dropped, , The adsorption is done once, and labor can be saved.
【００１８】請求項２記載の方法のように、油吸着材に
重りを添着すれば、油吸着材を海面或いは水面下に適当
量沈下させ、ある程度の波風があっても、海面或いは水
面上に浮上がることなく油の拡散防止を確実に行うこと
ができる。請求項３記載の方法のように、油吸着材にロ
ープを添着すれば、ロープ同志を繋いで連結した油吸着
材やオイルフェンスをロープを引張ることにより、適度
な張力を持たせて張設することができる。When a weight is attached to the oil adsorbent as in the method according to claim 2, the oil adsorbent is submerged in an appropriate amount on the sea surface or under the water surface, and even if there is a certain amount of wave wind, the oil adsorbent material is on the sea surface or the water surface. It is possible to reliably prevent the diffusion of oil without floating. When the rope is attached to the oil adsorbent as in the method according to claim 3, the oil adsorbent and the oil fence, which are connected by connecting the ropes to each other, are pulled to pull the rope, thereby tensioning the rope. be able to.
【００１９】請求項４記載の方法のように、油吸着材に
スカートを設ければ、油吸着材を潜り抜けて流出しよう
とする油をスカートで捕集し、吸着することができる。
請求項５記載の接続具によれば、オイルフェンスと油吸
着材をファスナーによる結合により容易かつ確実に連結
することができる。When the skirt is provided on the oil adsorbent as in the method according to the fourth aspect, the oil that has passed through the oil adsorbent and is about to flow out can be collected and adsorbed by the skirt.
According to the connecting tool of the fifth aspect, the oil fence and the oil adsorbing material can be easily and surely connected to each other by coupling with the fastener.
【図１】 油吸着材の正面図。FIG. 1 is a front view of an oil adsorbent.
【図２】 同油吸着材の断面図。FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the oil adsorbent.
【図３】 オイルフェンスの正面図。FIG. 3 is a front view of the oil fence.
【図４】 同オイルフェンスの断面図。FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the oil fence.
【図５】 同オイルフェンスの端部の平面図。FIG. 5 is a plan view of an end portion of the oil fence.
【図６】 接続具の斜視図。FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a connection tool.
【図７】 油吸着材とオイルフェンスを接続した接続具
の平面図。FIG. 7 is a plan view of a connecting tool that connects an oil adsorbent and an oil fence.
【図８】 流出油回収方法の一例を示す概略図。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an oil spill recovery method.
Ａ・・・油吸着材 Ｂ・・・オイルフェンス Ｃ・・
・接続具 Ｄ・・・油回収フェンス Ｅ・・・流出油 Ｆ・・・タグボート １、１１・・・袋 ２・・・浮力材 ３、１３・・・ロープ ４・・・重り ５、１７、２２、２３・・・
スライドファスナー１２・・・フロート １４・・
鉛 １６、２１・・・キャンバスシートA ... Oil adsorbent B ... Oil fence C ...
-Connecting tool D ... Oil recovery fence E ... Spilled oil F ... Tugboat 1, 11 ... Bag 2 ... Buoyancy material 3, 13 ... Rope 4 ... Weight 5, 17, 22, 23 ...
Slide fastener 12 ... Float 14 ...
Lead 16, 21 ... Canvas sheet
Claims (5)
脂よりなる芯材兼浮力材を装着したオイルフェンス状油
吸着材の両側にオイルフェンスを連結した油回収フェン
スを用い、これを流出油の周りに張設したのち、両側の
オイルフェンス端を船で牽引して流出油を寄せ集め、油
吸着材に吸着させることを特徴とする流出油の回収方
法。1. An oil recovery fence in which an oil fence is connected to both sides of an oil fence-like oil adsorbent in which a core material and a buoyancy material made of foamed resin are mounted in a tubular bag made of an lipophilic material. A method for collecting spilled oil, which comprises stretching the spilled oil around the spilled oil, then towing the ends of the oil fences by boat to collect the spilled oil and adsorbing it on an oil adsorbent.
記載の流出油の回収方法。2. A weight is attached to the oil adsorbent.
How to recover the spilled oil.
材より突出させて添着される請求項１記載の流出油の回
収方法。3. The method for collecting spilled oil according to claim 1, wherein a rope is attached to the oil adsorbent with both ends of the rope protruding from the oil adsorbent.
トが設けられる請求項１記載の流出油の回収方法。4. The method for collecting spilled oil according to claim 1, wherein the oil adsorbent is provided with a skirt made of a lipophilic material.
料若しくは、親油性素材よりなるシート二枚を重ね合せ
て、その一端に油吸着材連結用のスライドファスナーを
取着すると共に、シート各他端にオイルフェンス連結用
のスライドファスナーを取着してなる請求項１記載の方
法で用いられる油吸着材とオイルフェンスを連結するた
めの接続具。5. An oil fence used for an oil fence, two sheets made of the same material or an oleophilic material are superposed on each other, and a slide fastener for connecting an oil adsorbing material is attached to one end of each of the sheets, and each sheet and the like. The connector for connecting the oil adsorbent and the oil fence used in the method according to claim 1, wherein a slide fastener for connecting an oil fence is attached to an end of the connector.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6193106A JPH0857479A (en) | 1994-08-17 | 1994-08-17 | Recovery of outflow oil and connector of oil fence and oil adsorbing material used therein |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6193106A JPH0857479A (en) | 1994-08-17 | 1994-08-17 | Recovery of outflow oil and connector of oil fence and oil adsorbing material used therein |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0857479A true JPH0857479A (en) | 1996-03-05 |
Family
ID=16302349
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6193106A Pending JPH0857479A (en) | 1994-08-17 | 1994-08-17 | Recovery of outflow oil and connector of oil fence and oil adsorbing material used therein |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0857479A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108385630A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-08-10 | 山东交通学院 | A kind of ship for collecting spillage over water crude oil |
| CN111424623A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-17 | 江苏科技大学 | Floating device for collecting and packaging floating garbage in large-area water area |
-
1994
- 1994-08-17 JP JP6193106A patent/JPH0857479A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108385630A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-08-10 | 山东交通学院 | A kind of ship for collecting spillage over water crude oil |
| CN111424623A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-17 | 江苏科技大学 | Floating device for collecting and packaging floating garbage in large-area water area |
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