JPH0836165A - Ferroelectric liquid crystal element and liquid crystal device using that - Google Patents

Ferroelectric liquid crystal element and liquid crystal device using that

Info

Publication number
JPH0836165A
JPH0836165A JP19216094A JP19216094A JPH0836165A JP H0836165 A JPH0836165 A JP H0836165A JP 19216094 A JP19216094 A JP 19216094A JP 19216094 A JP19216094 A JP 19216094A JP H0836165 A JPH0836165 A JP H0836165A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
fine particles
orientation
ferroelectric liquid
films
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP19216094A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tomoko Maruyama
朋子 丸山
Masanobu Asaoka
正信 朝岡
Hideaki Takao
英昭 高尾
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to JP19216094A priority Critical patent/JPH0836165A/en
Publication of JPH0836165A publication Critical patent/JPH0836165A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the production of defects due to changes in thickness of cells by suppressing the movement of liquid crystal molecules, to decrease the peeling of an orientation controlling film or disturbance in orientation due to rubbing treatment, and to prevent the production of a short circuit due to exposure of an electrode. CONSTITUTION:In the production of a liquid crystal element, lots of fine particles 13... are mixed in insulating films 15a, 15b formed on substrates 1a, 1b, respectively. These fine particles 13 are as small as having the diameter about 1/3 to 1/30 of the thickness of the insulating films 15a, 15b. Therefore, when the liquid crystal element thus produced is driven, the liquid crystal molecules 13... do not move by the effect of the fine particles 13. Since these fine particles 13... are so small that almost no ruggedness is formed on the surface of the orientation controlling films 6a, 6b. Thus, even when the orientation controlling films 6a, 6b are subjected to rubbing treatment, these films do not peel off.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、強誘電性液晶を利用し
た液晶素子及びそれを用いた液晶装置に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal element using a ferroelectric liquid crystal and a liquid crystal device using the same.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】強誘電性液晶分子の屈折率異方性を利用
して偏光素子との組み合わせにより透過光線を制御する
型の表示素子がクラーク(Clark)及びラガーウォ
ル(Lagerwall)により提案されている(特開
昭56−107216号公報、米国特許第436792
4号明細書等)。この強誘電性液晶は、一般に特定の温
度域において、非らせん構造のカイラルスメクチックC
相(SmC* )又はH相(SmH* )を有し、この状態
において、加えられる電界に応答して第1の光学的安定
状態と第2の光学的安定状態のいずれかを取り、且つ電
界の印加のないときはその状態を維持する性質、すなわ
ち双安定性を有し、また電界の変化に対する応答も速や
かであり、高速ならびに記憶型の表示素子用としての広
い利用が期待されている。
2. Description of the Related Art A display device of the type in which transmitted light rays are controlled by using a refractive index anisotropy of ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules in combination with a polarizing device has been proposed by Clark and Lagerwall. (Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 56-107216, US Patent No. 436792.
No. 4, etc.). This ferroelectric liquid crystal generally has a non-helical chiral smectic C in a specific temperature range.
A phase (SmC * ) or an H phase (SmH * ) in which one of a first optical stable state and a second optical stable state is taken in response to an applied electric field, and It has the property of maintaining that state when no voltage is applied, that is, has bistability, and has a quick response to changes in the electric field, and is expected to be widely used for high-speed and memory type display elements.

【0003】ここで、強誘電性液晶の配向について説明
する。
Here, the alignment of the ferroelectric liquid crystal will be described.

【0004】上述した強誘電性液晶はC1及びC2の2
種類の配向状態を有する。そして、これらの配向状態
は、図1に示すようなスメクチック層のシェブロン構造
の違いで説明されている。なお、図中の符号31はスメ
クチック層を、符号32はC1配向領域を、符号38は
C2配向領域を、それぞれ示している。スメクチック液
晶は、一般に層構造を持つが、SmA相からSmC相ま
たはSm* C相に転移すると層間隔が縮むので、図1に
示すように、層が上下基板(1a,1b)の中央付近で
折れ曲がった構造(シェブロン構造)をとる。ここで、
折れ曲がる方向(配向状態)は、図1に示すように、C
1とC2の2つ有り得るが、良く知られているように一
軸性配向(ラビング)によって基板界面の液晶分子は基
板に対して角度をなし(プレチルト)、その方向はラビ
ング方向Aに向かって液晶分子が頭をもたげる(先端が
浮いた格好になる)向きである。このプレチルトのため
にC1配向とC2配向とは弾性エネルギー的に等価でな
く、ある温度で転移が起こることがある。また、機械的
な歪みで転移が起こることもある。図1の層構造を平面
的に見ると、ラビング方向Aに向かってC1配向からC
2配向に移るときの境界34はジグザグの稲妻状でライ
トニング欠陥と呼ばれ、C2配向からC1配向に移ると
きの境界35は幅の広いゆるやかな曲線状で、ヘアピン
欠陥と呼ばれる。
The above-mentioned ferroelectric liquid crystal has two types of C1 and C2.
It has different orientation states. These alignment states are explained by the difference in the chevron structure of the smectic layer as shown in FIG. In the figure, reference numeral 31 indicates a smectic layer, reference numeral 32 indicates a C1 oriented region, and reference numeral 38 indicates a C2 oriented region. Smectic liquid crystals generally have a layered structure, but when the SmA phase transitions to the SmC phase or the Sm * C phase, the layer spacing shrinks, so as shown in FIG. 1, the layers are formed near the center of the upper and lower substrates (1a, 1b). It has a bent structure (chevron structure). here,
The bending direction (orientation state) is C as shown in FIG.
There are two types, 1 and C2, but as is well known, uniaxial alignment (rubbing) causes liquid crystal molecules at a substrate interface to form an angle (pretilt) with respect to the substrate, and the direction thereof is a liquid crystal in a rubbing direction A. The orientation is such that the molecule raises its head (it looks like the tip is floating). Due to this pretilt, the C1 orientation and the C2 orientation are not elastically energy-equivalent, and a transition may occur at a certain temperature. In addition, mechanical strain may cause dislocation. When the layered structure of FIG. 1 is viewed in plan, from the C1 orientation toward the rubbing direction A to C
The boundary 34 at the time of shifting to the two orientations is zigzag lightning and is called a lightning defect, and the boundary 35 at the time of shifting from the C2 orientation to the C1 orientation is a wide and gentle curved shape and is called a hairpin defect.

【0005】ここで、強誘電性液晶を配向するために一
軸性配向処理が施された一対の基板を備え、該一対の基
板を、一軸性配向方向が相互にほぼ平行で同一方向にな
るように対向配置した液晶素子において、強誘電性液晶
のプレチルト角をαとし、チルト角(コーン角の1/
2)をΘとし、Sm* C層の傾斜角をδとし、強誘電性
液晶が次式で表される配向状態を有するようにすると、
C1配向状態に於いてさらにシェブロン構造を有する4
つの状態が存在する。
Here, a pair of substrates that have been subjected to a uniaxial alignment treatment for aligning the ferroelectric liquid crystal are provided, and the uniaxial alignment directions of the pair of substrates are substantially parallel to each other and are in the same direction. In the liquid crystal element placed opposite to, the tilt angle (1 / cone
2) is Θ, the tilt angle of the Sm * C layer is δ, and the ferroelectric liquid crystal has an alignment state represented by the following equation:
4 with further chevron structure in C1 orientation
There are two states.

【0006】[0006]

【数1】Θ<α+δ この4つのC1配向状態は、従来のC1配向状態とは異
なっており、中でも4つのC1配向状態のうちの2つの
状態は、双安定状態(ユニフォーム状態)を形成してい
る。ここで、無電界時のみかけのチルト角をθa(2つ
の安定状態における光学軸のなす角度の1/2)とすれ
ば、C1配向状態における4つの状態のうち、次式の関
係を示す状態をユニフォーム状態という。
## EQU1 ## Θ <α + δ These four C1 orientation states are different from the conventional C1 orientation states, and among them, two of the four C1 orientation states form a bistable state (uniform state). ing. Here, assuming that the apparent tilt angle in the absence of an electric field is θa (1/2 of the angle formed by the optical axes in the two stable states), among the four states in the C1 orientation state, the state showing the relationship of the following equation Is called a uniform state.

【0007】[0007]

【数2】Θ>θa>Θ/2 ユニフォーム状態においては、その光学的性質からみて
液晶分子(ダイレクタ)が上下基板間でねじれていない
と考えられる。図2(a) はC1配向の各状態における基
板間の各位置でのダイレクタの配置を示す模式図であ
る。図中51〜54は各状態においてダイレクタをコー
ンの底面に投影し、これを底面方向から見た様子を示し
ており、Cダイレクタといわれる。この図で、符号51
および52がスプレイ状態、符号53および54がユニ
フォーム状態と考えられるCダイレクタの配置である。
同図から分かるとおり、ユニフォームの2状態53と5
4においては、上下いずれかの基板界面の液晶分子の位
置がスプレイ状態の位置と入れ替わっている。図2(b)
はC2配向を示しており、界面のスイッチングはなく内
部のスイッチングで2状態55と56がある。このC1
配向のユニフォーム状態は、従来用いていたC2配向に
おける双安定状態より大きなチルト角θaを生じ、輝度
大きくしかもコントラストが高い。
## EQU00002 ## .THETA.>. Theta.a> .THETA. / 2 In the uniform state, it is considered that the liquid crystal molecules (directors) are not twisted between the upper and lower substrates in view of their optical properties. FIG. 2A is a schematic view showing the arrangement of directors at respective positions between the substrates in each state of C1 orientation. In the figure, reference numerals 51 to 54 show the state in which the director is projected on the bottom surface of the cone in each state and viewed from the bottom surface direction, which is called a C director. In this figure, reference numeral 51
Numerals 52 and 52 are the arrangement of the C directors, which are considered to be in the spray state and numerals 53 and 54 are considered to be in the uniform state.
As you can see from the figure, two uniform states 53 and 5
In No. 4, the positions of the liquid crystal molecules on either the upper or lower substrate interface are replaced with the positions in the splay state. Figure 2 (b)
Indicates C2 orientation, and there are two states 55 and 56 due to internal switching without interface switching. This C1
The uniform orientation state produces a larger tilt angle θa than the conventionally used bistable state in the C2 orientation, and has a large luminance and a high contrast.

【0008】ところで、上述した強誘電性液晶素子にお
いては、長時間駆動し続けると液晶分子が移動してセル
端部のセル厚が増加していき、黄色に色付いて見えてく
るという現象(以下、“黄変”とする)が認められる。
すなわち、一軸性配向処理方向Aと液晶分子の平均分子
軸方向21、21´とが図3(a) に示す関係になるよう
に液晶素子を作成し、例えば、平均分子軸方向が符号2
1に示す方向である場合に液晶がスイッチングしない程
度の適当な交流電界を印加すると、液晶分子は矢印22
方向に移動し、図2(b) に示すセル端部23にて黄変が
発生する。なお、このような黄変は配向状態に依存して
おり、上述したC2配向では極めて起こりにくく、C1
配向で旦つユニフォーム配向の場合には顕著に観測され
る。
In the above-mentioned ferroelectric liquid crystal element, a phenomenon in which liquid crystal molecules move to increase the cell thickness at the cell edge and continue to be colored yellow when continuously driven (hereinafter , "Yellowing").
That is, the liquid crystal element is prepared so that the uniaxial alignment treatment direction A and the average molecular axis directions 21 and 21 'of the liquid crystal molecules have the relationship shown in FIG. 3 (a).
When an appropriate AC electric field is applied so that the liquid crystal does not switch in the direction shown in FIG.
Direction, and yellowing occurs at the cell end 23 shown in FIG. 2 (b). It should be noted that such yellowing depends on the orientation state and is extremely unlikely to occur in the above-mentioned C2 orientation.
This is noticeably observed in the uniform orientation, which is dependent on the orientation.

【0009】そして、このような黄変は表示品質を劣化
させるものであることから、液晶分子の移動を抑制する
方法については従来より種々提案されている(特開平5
−273537号公報など)。その一例を、図4(a) 及
び(b) に沿って簡単に説明する。
Since such yellowing deteriorates the display quality, various methods for suppressing the movement of the liquid crystal molecules have been proposed in the past (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 5 (1999) -5120).
-273537). An example thereof will be briefly described with reference to FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b).

【0010】図に示す液晶素子P0 は、相対向するよう
に配置された一対の基板1a,1bを備えており、ま
た、該素子P0 は、これらの基板間に強誘電性液晶が挟
持されることにより構成されている。さらに、各基板1
a,1bの表面には、図4(a)及び(b) に詳示するよう
に、透明電極2a,2bがそれぞれ形成されており、各
透明電極2a,2bは、微粒子3,…の混入された絶縁
膜5a,5bによってそれぞれ被覆されている。また、
各絶縁膜5a,5bは配向制御膜6a,6bによって被
覆されており、これら配向制御膜6a,6bには前記微
粒子3,…による所定分布・所定高低差の凹凸が形成さ
れている。そして、上述した液晶分子の移動現象は配向
制御膜の表面状態(物理的状態)に強く依存しているこ
とから、上記凹凸によって液晶分子の移動が抑制され、
黄変の発生が低減されることとなる。
The liquid crystal element P 0 shown in the figure comprises a pair of substrates 1a and 1b arranged so as to face each other, and the element P 0 has a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between these substrates. It is configured by Furthermore, each substrate 1
As shown in detail in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), transparent electrodes 2a and 2b are formed on the surfaces of a and 1b, and the transparent electrodes 2a and 2b are mixed with fine particles 3 ,. The insulating films 5a and 5b are covered respectively. Also,
The insulating films 5a and 5b are covered with orientation control films 6a and 6b, and the orientation control films 6a and 6b are formed with irregularities having a predetermined distribution and a predetermined height difference due to the fine particles 3 ,. Since the above-mentioned movement phenomenon of the liquid crystal molecules strongly depends on the surface state (physical state) of the alignment control film, the movement of the liquid crystal molecules is suppressed by the unevenness,
The occurrence of yellowing will be reduced.

【0011】[0011]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上述従
来例のように配向制御膜の表面に、高低差の大きな凹凸
を形成した場合には、ラビング処理によって配向制御膜
が剥れ易くなり、該膜が剥れた場合には配向が乱れてマ
ージンが著しく減少して不十分になるという問題があっ
た。また、絶縁膜中の微粒子の移動に伴い電極層が露呈
しショートして表示性能を著しく損なってしまうという
問題があった。
However, when unevenness having a large height difference is formed on the surface of the alignment control film as in the above-mentioned conventional example, the alignment control film is easily peeled off by rubbing treatment, When peeled off, there was a problem that the orientation was disturbed and the margin was remarkably reduced to become insufficient. Further, there is a problem that the electrode layer is exposed due to the movement of the fine particles in the insulating film to cause a short circuit and the display performance is significantly impaired.

【0012】そこで、本発明は、液晶分子の移動を抑え
て黄変の発生を抑制すると共に配向制御膜の剥れ等を防
止する強誘電性液晶素子及びそれを用いた液晶装置を提
供することを目的とするものである。
Therefore, the present invention provides a ferroelectric liquid crystal element that suppresses the movement of liquid crystal molecules to suppress the occurrence of yellowing and prevents the alignment control film from peeling off, and a liquid crystal device using the same. The purpose is.

【0013】[0013]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上述事情に鑑
みなされたものであって、相対向するように配置された
一対の基板と、これらの基板上にそれぞれ形成された一
対の電極群と、各電極群をそれぞれ被覆するように形成
された一対の絶縁膜と、各絶縁膜をそれぞれ被覆するよ
うに形成された一対の配向制御膜と、前記一対の基板間
に挟持された強誘電性液晶とを備えた強誘電性液晶素子
に関し、特に、前記一対の絶縁膜のうちの少なくとも一
方の絶縁膜中に、該絶縁膜の厚さの1/3〜1/30の
直径の微粒子を多数混入させた、ことを特徴とする。こ
の場合、前記絶縁膜が100〜3000Åの厚さであ
る、ようにすると好ましい。また、前記強誘電性液晶が
少なくとも2つの安定状態を示し、かつ、みかけのチル
ト角θaとチルト角Θとの関係が、 Θ>θa>Θ/2 である、ようにすると好ましい。さらに、前記絶縁膜が
塗布型絶縁膜である、ようにしてもよい。また、前記微
粒子が無機酸化物微粒子である、ようにすると好まし
い。
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and includes a pair of substrates arranged so as to face each other, and a pair of electrode groups respectively formed on these substrates. A pair of insulating films formed so as to cover the respective electrode groups, a pair of orientation control films formed so as to cover the respective insulating films, and a ferroelectric sandwiched between the pair of substrates. And a ferroelectric liquid crystal device, and in particular, in at least one insulating film of the pair of insulating films, fine particles having a diameter of 1/3 to 1/30 of the thickness of the insulating film are provided. It is characterized by mixing a large number. In this case, it is preferable that the insulating film has a thickness of 100 to 3000 Å. It is preferable that the ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibits at least two stable states, and that the relationship between the apparent tilt angle θa and the tilt angle Θ is Θ>θa> Θ / 2. Further, the insulating film may be a coating type insulating film. Further, it is preferable that the fine particles are inorganic oxide fine particles.

【0014】一方、本発明に係る液晶装置は、上述した
いずれか記載の強誘電性液晶素子を備え、強誘電性液晶
を制御することによって諸機能をもたせた液晶装置であ
る。
On the other hand, a liquid crystal device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal device including any one of the above-mentioned ferroelectric liquid crystal elements and having various functions by controlling the ferroelectric liquid crystal.

【0015】[0015]

【作用】以上構成に基づき、液晶素子を駆動したときに
液晶分子が移動しようとしても、該液晶分子の移動は、
前記絶縁膜中に混入された多数の微粒子によって抑制さ
れる。また、微粒子の直径は、前記絶縁膜の厚さの1/
3〜1/30と小さいことから、該微粒子によって前記
配向制御膜の表面に形成される凹凸はあまり大きくな
い。
According to the above construction, even if liquid crystal molecules try to move when the liquid crystal element is driven, the movement of the liquid crystal molecules is
It is suppressed by a large number of fine particles mixed in the insulating film. The diameter of the fine particles is 1 / thickness of the thickness of the insulating film.
Since it is as small as 3 to 1/30, the unevenness formed on the surface of the orientation control film by the fine particles is not so large.

【0016】[0016]

【実施例】以下、図面に沿って、本発明の実施例につい
て説明する。なお、図4に示すものと同一部分は同一符
号を付して説明を省略する。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The same parts as those shown in FIG. 4 are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

【0017】まず、本実施例に係る液晶素子(強誘電性
液晶素子)Pの構造について、図5に沿って説明する。
First, the structure of the liquid crystal element (ferroelectric liquid crystal element) P according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

【0018】本実施例に係る液晶素子Pにおいて、透明
電極(電極群)2a,2bの厚さは300〜300Å程
度であり、強誘電性液晶としては、好ましくは、少なく
とも2つの安定状態をもつ非螺旋構造の強誘電性スメク
チック液晶が用いられる。また、絶縁膜5a,5bには
多数の微粒子13,…が混入されている。この微粒子1
3,…は、Ti,Si,Zr,Al,Ta等の無機酸化
物(例えば、SiOX微粒子)からなり、微粒子13,
…の直径は、絶縁膜5a,5bの厚さの1/3〜1/3
0とかなり小さく設定されている。微粒子混入の濃度は
5〜40wt%程度が適当である。5%以下では本発明
の効果は極めて小さいと予想され、また、40%を越え
ると凝集が激しく溶媒中に均一に分散させるのが極めて
困難になる恐れがある。特に好ましい分散性を得る範囲
は10〜25wt%である。また、絶縁膜5a,5b
は、これらの微粒子13,…を有機溶媒(例えば、主溶
媒ヘキシレングリコール)に分散させた溶液を塗布、焼
成することにより形成されている。さらに、本実施例に
おいては配向制御膜6a,6bの厚さを20〜1000
Åとしている。
In the liquid crystal element P according to this embodiment, the thickness of the transparent electrodes (electrode groups) 2a and 2b is about 300 to 300Å, and the ferroelectric liquid crystal preferably has at least two stable states. Ferroelectric smectic liquid crystals with a non-helical structure are used. A large number of fine particles 13, ... Are mixed in the insulating films 5a and 5b. This fine particle 1
3, ... Are made of inorganic oxides such as Ti, Si, Zr, Al, and Ta (for example, SiO X fine particles), and the fine particles 13,
The diameter of ... Is 1/3 to 1/3 of the thickness of the insulating films 5a and 5b.
It is set to 0, which is quite small. It is suitable that the concentration of fine particles is about 5 to 40 wt%. If it is 5% or less, the effect of the present invention is expected to be extremely small, and if it exceeds 40%, it may be extremely difficult to uniformly disperse it in a solvent because of strong aggregation. The range for obtaining particularly preferable dispersibility is 10 to 25 wt%. Also, the insulating films 5a and 5b
Are formed by applying and baking a solution in which these fine particles 13, ... Are dispersed in an organic solvent (for example, main solvent hexylene glycol). Further, in the present embodiment, the thickness of the orientation control films 6a and 6b is set to 20 to 1000.
Å

【0019】なお、本実施例においては、強誘電性液晶
にはカイラルスメクチック相状態のものを用いることが
でき、例えば、下記の相転移温度及び物性値を示すピリ
ミジン系混合液晶を用いることができる。
In this embodiment, the ferroelectric liquid crystal may be one having a chiral smectic phase state, for example, a pyrimidine-based mixed liquid crystal exhibiting the following phase transition temperature and physical property values. .

【0020】[0020]

【化1】 ピリミジン系液晶A チルト角 Θ =14°(30℃) 層の傾料角 δ =11°(30℃) 見かけのチルト角 θa=11°(30℃) 上記ピリミジン系液晶Aにおいては、プレチルト角α
を、例えば17°となるように配向制御膜6a,6bを
配向処理することにより、前記数1式及び数2式を満た
し、上述のC1ユニフォーム配向を得ることができる。
Embedded image Pyrimidine liquid crystal A Tilt angle Θ = 14 ° (30 ° C) Layer tilt angle δ = 11 ° (30 ° C) Apparent tilt angle θa = 11 ° (30 ° C) In the pyrimidine-based liquid crystal A, the pretilt angle α
By subjecting the orientation control films 6a and 6b to an orientation of, for example, 17 °, the above equations (1) and (2) can be satisfied, and the above C1 uniform orientation can be obtained.

【0021】上記ピリミジン系液晶は例えば、以下の組
成物として調製される。
The above pyrimidine-based liquid crystal is prepared, for example, as the following composition.

【0022】[0022]

【表1】 1 〜R2 は直鎖アルキル基である。又、30℃で自発
分極Ps=6.2nc/cm2 である。
[Table 1] R 1 and R 2 are linear alkyl groups. Also, at 30 ° C., the spontaneous polarization Ps = 6.2 nc / cm 2 .

【0023】なお、上述した絶縁膜5a,5bの形成
は、溶液を塗布・焼成することにより行っても良く、ま
た、スパッタ膜との複層構造でもよい。
The above-mentioned insulating films 5a and 5b may be formed by applying and baking a solution, or may have a multi-layer structure with a sputter film.

【0024】ついで、上述実施例の作用について説明す
る。
Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described.

【0025】本実施例に係る液晶素子Pを駆動しても、
絶縁膜中に分散された多数の微粒子13,…によって液
晶分子の移動は抑制される。なお、これら微粒子13,
…は、その直径が絶縁膜5a,5bの厚さの1/3〜1
/30と、かなり小さいものであり、該微粒子13,…
によって配向制御膜表面に形成される凹凸、特に、高低
差はかなり小さいものとなる。
Even if the liquid crystal element P according to this embodiment is driven,
The movement of liquid crystal molecules is suppressed by the large number of fine particles 13, ... Dispersed in the insulating film. In addition, these fine particles 13,
The diameter is 1/3 to 1 of the thickness of the insulating films 5a and 5b.
/ 30, which is quite small, and the fine particles 13, ...
As a result, the irregularities formed on the surface of the alignment control film, especially the height difference, are considerably small.

【0026】次に、本実施例の効果について説明する。Next, the effect of this embodiment will be described.

【0027】本実施例によれば、絶縁膜5a,5bの中
には多数の微粒子13,…が混入されているため、液晶
素子Pの駆動に伴い液晶分子が移動しようとしても該液
晶分子の移動は抑制される。従って、上記従来例にて述
べたようなセル厚の増大や黄変の発生が低減されて、均
一な表示状態を確保できる。また、本実施例において
は、配向制御膜6a,6bの表面の凹凸はかなり小さい
ものであるため、ラビング処理に伴う配向制御膜6a,
6bの剥れもなく、配向の乱れを低減でき、電極の露呈
に伴うショートの発生も防止できる。
According to this embodiment, since a large number of fine particles 13, ... Are mixed in the insulating films 5a and 5b, even if the liquid crystal molecules try to move as the liquid crystal element P is driven, the liquid crystal molecules Movement is suppressed. Therefore, the increase in cell thickness and the occurrence of yellowing as described in the above-mentioned conventional example are reduced, and a uniform display state can be secured. Further, in this embodiment, since the surface roughness of the orientation control films 6a and 6b is quite small, the orientation control films 6a and 6b associated with the rubbing treatment are
The peeling of 6b can be prevented, the disorder of the orientation can be reduced, and the occurrence of a short circuit due to the exposure of the electrode can be prevented.

【0028】なお、本発明者は上記効果を確認するため
の実験を行った。以下、その実験の内容を簡単に説明す
る。 〈実験1〉本実験においては、基板1a,1bに、厚さ
が1.1mmのガラス基板を用い、透明電極2a,2b
には、厚さが約1000ÅのITO膜を用いた。また、
絶縁膜5a,5bの形成には、塗布型絶縁膜溶液セラメ
ートRTZ−6(触媒化成製)に平均粒径350ÅのS
iO2 微粒子を20wt%だけ分散させた溶液を用い、
該溶液を展色板を用いて印刷法にて塗布し、かつ80℃
の温度で3分前後乾燥させ、さらにその後、300℃の
温度で60分間本焼成することにより絶縁膜5a,5b
を形成した。なお、該絶縁膜5a,5bの厚さは、約1
000Åとなるようにした。
The present inventor conducted an experiment for confirming the above effect. The contents of the experiment will be briefly described below. <Experiment 1> In this experiment, glass substrates having a thickness of 1.1 mm were used as the substrates 1a and 1b, and transparent electrodes 2a and 2b were used.
For this, an ITO film having a thickness of about 1000 Å was used. Also,
In order to form the insulating films 5a and 5b, a coating type insulating film solution ceramate RTZ-6 (manufactured by Catalysis Chemical Co., Ltd.) having an average particle size of 350Å
Using a solution in which 20 wt% of iO 2 fine particles are dispersed,
The solution is applied by a printing method using a spreading plate, and the temperature is 80 ° C.
Of the insulating films 5a and 5b by drying for about 3 minutes at a temperature of 3 minutes, and then performing main baking at a temperature of 300 ° C. for 60 minutes.
Was formed. The insulating films 5a and 5b have a thickness of about 1
It was set to 000Å.

【0029】一方、配向制御膜6a,6bは、日立化成
(株)製のポリアミド酸LQ1802の1%NMP溶液
をスピナーにて塗布し、270℃の温度で60分間焼成
することにより形成し、その厚さを200Åとした。そ
して、このように、透明電極2a,2b、絶縁膜5a,
5b及び配向制御膜6a,6bを形成した2枚の基板1
a,1bに対して、ナイロン布でラビング処理を施し、
該ラビングの方向が同一となるように2枚の基板1a,
1bを貼り合わせた。なお、これらの基板1a,1bの
間には、直径1.2μmのシリカビーズをスペーサとし
て多数介装させ、これらの基板1a,1bが、所定間隙
を有し、かつ平行に配置されるようにした。また、この
ようにして貼り合わせた基板1a,1bの間隙にはピリ
ミジン系混合液晶を100℃の温度で注入し、液晶素子
Pを作製した。
On the other hand, the orientation control films 6a and 6b are formed by applying a 1% NMP solution of polyamic acid LQ1802 manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. by a spinner and baking it at a temperature of 270 ° C. for 60 minutes. The thickness was 200Å. Then, in this way, the transparent electrodes 2a, 2b, the insulating film 5a,
5b and two substrates 1 on which the orientation control films 6a and 6b are formed
Rubbing a and 1b with nylon cloth,
The two substrates 1a, so that the rubbing directions are the same,
1b was pasted together. In addition, a large number of silica beads having a diameter of 1.2 μm are interposed as spacers between the substrates 1a and 1b so that the substrates 1a and 1b have a predetermined gap and are arranged in parallel. did. A liquid crystal element P was manufactured by injecting a pyrimidine-based mixed liquid crystal at a temperature of 100 ° C. into the gap between the substrates 1a and 1b thus bonded together.

【0030】本発明者がラビング処理後の配向制御膜6
a,6bの表面をSEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)を用いて
観察したところ、絶縁膜中に上述のように微粒子13,
…を分散させたにもかかわらず、配向制御膜6a,6b
の表面には該微粒子13,…による凹凸は観察されず、
配向制御膜6a,6bの表面が平滑であることを確認し
た。また、従来例にて説明したような配向制御膜6a,
6bの剥れも発見されず、ピリミジン系混合液晶はきれ
いな均一C1配向を呈していた。さらに、絶縁膜5a,
5bと微粒子13,…との境界部分が配向制御膜6a,
6bの表面に露呈したり、あるいは配向制御膜6a,6
bの表面に凸な微粒子13,…がラビングによって移動
して電極2a,2bが露呈する等の状態は観察されなか
った。
Alignment control film 6 after the rubbing treatment by the present inventor
When the surfaces of a and 6b were observed using a SEM (scanning electron microscope), the fine particles 13,
Despite being dispersed, the orientation control films 6a and 6b
No irregularities due to the fine particles 13, ... Are observed on the surface of the
It was confirmed that the surfaces of the orientation control films 6a and 6b were smooth. In addition, the alignment control film 6a as described in the conventional example,
No peeling of 6b was found, and the pyrimidine-based mixed liquid crystal exhibited a clean uniform C1 orientation. Further, the insulating film 5a,
The boundary portion between 5b and the fine particles 13 ,.
6b or the alignment control films 6a, 6
No state was observed in which the fine particles 13, ... Convex on the surface of b were moved by rubbing and the electrodes 2a, 2b were exposed.

【0031】一方、作製した液晶素子Pの配向を、図3
(a) に示す平均分子軸方向21に揃え、パルス幅Δ=2
5μs、電圧振幅TPP=40V、1/2デュ−ティの矩
形波を約12時間印加し、その後、前記同図(b) に示す
領域23のセル厚を観察したところ、初期に比較して約
15%しか増加しなかった。また、この液晶素子Pをク
ロスニコルに配置した2枚の偏光板の間に配置し、色付
きを目視により観察したところ、色付きした部分(すな
わち、セル厚の増加した部分)は観察されなかった。 〈実験2〉本実験においては微粒子の直径を450Å
と、実験1に比べて大きくした。また、絶縁膜5a,5
bの厚さを200Åとした。一方、配向制御膜6a,6
bの厚さを、実験1に比べて薄くし、具体的には150
Åとした。
On the other hand, the orientation of the produced liquid crystal element P is shown in FIG.
Aligned in the average molecular axis direction 21 shown in (a), pulse width Δ = 2
A rectangular wave of 5 μs, voltage amplitude T PP = 40 V, 1/2 duty was applied for about 12 hours, and then the cell thickness of the region 23 shown in FIG. Only about 15% increase. Further, when this liquid crystal element P was arranged between two polarizing plates arranged in crossed Nicols and the coloring was visually observed, the colored portion (that is, the portion where the cell thickness was increased) was not observed. <Experiment 2> In this experiment, the diameter of the particles was set to 450 Å
And made it larger than in Experiment 1. In addition, the insulating films 5a, 5
The thickness of b was 200Å. On the other hand, the orientation control films 6a, 6
The thickness of b is made smaller than that of Experiment 1, specifically, 150
Å

【0032】なお、それ以外の条件は実験1と同じにし
た。すなわち、厚さ1.1mmのガラス基板を用い、該
基板上には厚さが約1000Åの透明電極2a,2b
(ITO膜)を形成した。また、絶縁膜5a,5bは、
塗布型絶縁膜溶液セラメートRTZ−6(触媒化成製)
にSiO2 微粒子(但し、平均粒径は450Å)を20
wt%だけ分散させた溶液を用いて形成し、印刷法、及
び上述と同一条件の乾燥・焼成を行うことにより形成し
た。
The other conditions were the same as in Experiment 1. That is, a glass substrate having a thickness of 1.1 mm is used, and transparent electrodes 2a and 2b having a thickness of about 1000Å are provided on the substrate.
(ITO film) was formed. The insulating films 5a and 5b are
Coating type insulating film solution Cermate RTZ-6 (Catalyst Kasei)
20 particles of SiO 2 (mean particle size is 450Å)
It was formed by using a solution in which only wt% was dispersed, and was formed by the printing method and drying and firing under the same conditions as described above.

【0033】一方、配向制御膜6a,6bも、実験1と
同じ溶液を塗布した後に、実験1と同じ条件で焼成する
ことにより形成した。さらに、ラビング処理を施した後
に、シリカビーズ等を用いて液晶素子Pを組み立て、そ
の中にピリミジン系混合液晶を注入した。
On the other hand, the orientation control films 6a and 6b were also formed by applying the same solution as in Experiment 1 and baking it under the same conditions as in Experiment 1. Further, after the rubbing treatment, the liquid crystal element P was assembled using silica beads or the like, and the pyrimidine-based mixed liquid crystal was injected therein.

【0034】本発明者が、配向制御膜6a,6bの形成
前に、絶縁膜5a,5bの表面をSTM(走査型トンネ
ル顕微鏡)を用いて観察したところ、微粒子が絶縁膜5
a,5bの表面に露呈していることが確認された。な
お、これら微粒子による凹凸の高低差は150〜400
Å程度であった。また、ピリミジン系混合液晶はC1ユ
ニフォーム配向であったが、その配向は、実験1のもの
に比べてムラが多く汚いものであった。さらに、駆動条
件や駆動温度によってはC2配向の出現が著しく、その
ため、液晶素子の表示性能は実験1のものに比べて劣っ
ていた。
The present inventor observed the surface of the insulating films 5a and 5b using an STM (scanning tunneling microscope) before forming the orientation control films 6a and 6b.
It was confirmed that they were exposed on the surfaces of a and 5b. The height difference of the unevenness due to these fine particles is 150 to 400.
It was about Å. Further, the pyrimidine-based mixed liquid crystal had a C1 uniform orientation, but the orientation was more uneven and dirty compared to that in Experiment 1. Furthermore, the appearance of C2 orientation was remarkable depending on the driving conditions and driving temperature, and therefore the display performance of the liquid crystal element was inferior to that of Experiment 1.

【0035】また、実験2で作製した液晶素子を、実験
1と同一の電圧を印加して駆動し、領域23におけるセ
ル厚の増加を測定したところ、初期に比較して12%増
加していた。さらに、実験1と同様に、偏光板間に配置
した液晶素子の色付きを目視確認したところ、黄変は発
見されなかった。
The liquid crystal element produced in Experiment 2 was driven by applying the same voltage as in Experiment 1 and the increase in cell thickness in the region 23 was measured. As a result, it was increased by 12% compared with the initial stage. . Further, as in Experiment 1, when the color of the liquid crystal element arranged between the polarizing plates was visually confirmed, no yellowing was found.

【0036】なお、上述した実験1においては絶縁膜5
a,5bの厚さを1100Åとし、微粒子13,…の平
均粒径を350Åとしているが、もちろんこれに限る必
要はなく、液晶素子Pの駆動条件(駆動スピード等)や
駆動温度範囲に応じて設定すればよい。また、上述実施
例においては多数の微粒子13,…は両方の絶縁膜5
a,5bの中に混入するものとしたが、もちろんこれに
限る必要はなく、いずれか一方の絶縁膜5a又は5bの
中に混入するものとし、他方の絶縁膜5b又は5aの中
には混入しないようにしてもよい。
In the experiment 1 described above, the insulating film 5
The thicknesses of a and 5b are set to 1100Å, and the average particle diameter of the fine particles 13, ... Just set it. In addition, in the above-described embodiment, a large number of fine particles 13, ...
Although it is assumed that they are mixed in a and 5b, it is not limited to this, and they are mixed in either one of the insulating films 5a and 5b, and mixed in the other insulating film 5b or 5a. You may not.

【0037】最後に、上記液晶素子Pを用いた液晶装置
として、情報を表示するようにした液晶表示装置400
について、図6に沿って簡単に説明する。
Finally, as a liquid crystal device using the liquid crystal element P, a liquid crystal display device 400 for displaying information.
Will be briefly described with reference to FIG.

【0038】上述した液晶素子Pには走査信号印加回路
402及び情報信号印加回路403が接続されており、
これらの回路402,403には、走査信号制御回路4
04及び情報信号制御回路406、駆動制御回路40
5、及びグラフィックコントローラ407が順に接続さ
れている。そして、駆動制御回路405を介してグラフ
ィックコントローラ407から走査信号制御回路404
及び情報信号制御回路406へは、データと走査方式信
号とが送信されるようになっている。このうちのデータ
は、これらの回路404,406によってアドレスデー
タと表示データとに変換され、また、他方の走査方式信
号は、そのまま走査信号印加回路402及び情報信号印
加回路403に送られるようになっている。さらに、走
査信号印加回路402は、アドレスデータによって決ま
る走査電極2aに走査方式信号によって決まる波形の走
査信号を印加し、また情報信号印加回路403は、表示
データによって送られる白又は黒の表示内容と走査方式
信号の2つによって決まる波形の情報信号を情報電極2
bに印加するように構成されている。
A scanning signal applying circuit 402 and an information signal applying circuit 403 are connected to the above-mentioned liquid crystal element P,
These circuits 402 and 403 include scanning signal control circuit 4
04, information signal control circuit 406, drive control circuit 40
5 and the graphic controller 407 are sequentially connected. Then, the scanning signal control circuit 404 from the graphic controller 407 via the drive control circuit 405.
The data and the scanning method signal are transmitted to the information signal control circuit 406. The data among these is converted into address data and display data by these circuits 404 and 406, and the other scanning method signal is sent to the scanning signal applying circuit 402 and the information signal applying circuit 403 as it is. ing. Further, the scanning signal applying circuit 402 applies a scanning signal having a waveform determined by the scanning method signal to the scanning electrode 2a determined by the address data, and the information signal applying circuit 403 determines whether the white or black display content sent by the display data is displayed. An information signal having a waveform determined by two scanning method signals is applied to the information electrode 2.
It is configured to apply to b.

【0039】[0039]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によると強
誘電性液晶素子が駆動されたときに液晶分子が移動しよ
うとしても、その液晶分子の移動は抑制される。従っ
て、上記従来例にて述べたようなセル厚の増大や黄変の
発生が低減されて、均一な表示状態を確保できる。ま
た、本発明によれば、配向制御膜の表面の凹凸はかなり
小さいものであるため、ラビング処理に伴う配向制御膜
の剥れもなく、配向の乱れを低減でき、電極の露呈に伴
うショートの発生も防止できる。
As described above, according to the present invention, even if liquid crystal molecules try to move when the ferroelectric liquid crystal element is driven, the movement of the liquid crystal molecules is suppressed. Therefore, the increase in cell thickness and the occurrence of yellowing as described in the above-mentioned conventional example are reduced, and a uniform display state can be secured. Further, according to the present invention, since the unevenness of the surface of the alignment control film is considerably small, the alignment control film is not peeled off due to the rubbing treatment, the alignment disorder can be reduced, and the short circuit due to the exposure of the electrode is prevented. Occurrence can also be prevented.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】スメクチック層の配向モデルを示した図。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an orientation model of a smectic layer.

【図2】(a) はC1配向の各状態における基板間の各位
置でのダイレクタの配置を示す模式図、(b) はC2配向
を示す模式図。
2A is a schematic view showing the arrangement of directors at respective positions between substrates in each state of C1 orientation, and FIG. 2B is a schematic view showing C2 orientation.

【図3】(a) はラビング方向と液晶の移動方向との関係
を説明するための図、(b) は液晶の移動に伴い黄変する
領域等を説明するための図。
FIG. 3A is a diagram for explaining a relationship between a rubbing direction and a moving direction of liquid crystal, and FIG. 3B is a diagram for explaining a region that yellows as the liquid crystal moves.

【図4】従来の液晶素子の構造を説明するための図であ
り、(a) は上基板の構造を示す断面図、(b) は下基板の
構造を示す断面図。
4A and 4B are views for explaining a structure of a conventional liquid crystal element, where FIG. 4A is a sectional view showing a structure of an upper substrate, and FIG. 4B is a sectional view showing a structure of a lower substrate.

【図5】本発明に係る液晶素子の構造を説明するための
図であり、(a) は上基板の構造を示す断面図、(b) は下
基板の構造を示す断面図。
5A and 5B are views for explaining the structure of the liquid crystal element according to the present invention, where FIG. 5A is a sectional view showing the structure of the upper substrate, and FIG. 5B is a sectional view showing the structure of the lower substrate.

【図6】液晶素子を用いた液晶装置の構成を示すブロッ
ク図。
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a liquid crystal device using a liquid crystal element.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1a,1b 基板(ガラス基板) 2a,2b 電極群(透明電極) 3,… 微粒子 4a,4b 絶縁膜 5a,5b 配向制御膜 400 液晶表示装置(液晶装置) 404 走査信号制御回路 406 情報信号制御回路 407 グラフィックコントローラ P 液晶素子(強誘電性液晶素子) 1a, 1b Substrate (glass substrate) 2a, 2b Electrode group (transparent electrode) 3, ... Fine particles 4a, 4b Insulating film 5a, 5b Alignment control film 400 Liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal device) 404 Scan signal control circuit 406 Information signal control circuit 407 Graphic controller P Liquid crystal element (ferroelectric liquid crystal element)

Claims (6)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 相対向するように配置された一対の基板
と、これらの基板上にそれぞれ形成された一対の電極群
と、各電極群をそれぞれ被覆するように形成された一対
の絶縁膜と、各絶縁膜をそれぞれ被覆するように形成さ
れた一対の配向制御膜と、前記一対の基板間に挟持され
た強誘電性液晶とを備えた強誘電性液晶素子において、 前記一対の絶縁膜のうちの少なくとも一方の絶縁膜中
に、該絶縁膜の厚さの1/3〜1/30の直径の微粒子
を多数混入させた、 ことを特徴とする強誘電性液晶素子。
1. A pair of substrates arranged so as to face each other, a pair of electrode groups respectively formed on these substrates, and a pair of insulating films formed so as to cover each electrode group, respectively. A ferroelectric liquid crystal device comprising a pair of alignment control films formed so as to respectively cover the respective insulating films and a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between the pair of substrates, A ferroelectric liquid crystal device, characterized in that a large number of fine particles having a diameter of 1/3 to 1/30 of the thickness of the insulating film are mixed in at least one of the insulating films.
【請求項2】 前記絶縁膜が100〜3000Åの厚さ
である、 ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の強誘電性液晶素子。
2. The ferroelectric liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the insulating film has a thickness of 100 to 3000 Å.
【請求項3】 前記強誘電性液晶が少なくとも2つの安
定状態を示し、かつ、 みかけのチルト角θaとチルト角Θとの関係が、 Θ>θa>Θ/2 である、 ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の強誘電性液晶素
子。
3. The ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibits at least two stable states, and the relationship between the apparent tilt angle θa and the tilt angle Θ is Θ>θa> Θ / 2. The ferroelectric liquid crystal device according to claim 1.
【請求項4】 前記絶縁膜が塗布型絶縁膜である、 請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項記載の強誘電性液晶素
子。
4. The ferroelectric liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the insulating film is a coating type insulating film.
【請求項5】 前記微粒子が無機酸化物微粒子である、 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項記載の強誘電性液晶素
子。
5. The ferroelectric liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles are inorganic oxide fine particles.
【請求項6】 請求項1乃至5のいずれか記載の強誘電
性液晶素子、 を備えてなる液晶装置。
6. A liquid crystal device comprising the ferroelectric liquid crystal element according to claim 1.
JP19216094A 1994-07-21 1994-07-21 Ferroelectric liquid crystal element and liquid crystal device using that Pending JPH0836165A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP19216094A JPH0836165A (en) 1994-07-21 1994-07-21 Ferroelectric liquid crystal element and liquid crystal device using that

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP19216094A JPH0836165A (en) 1994-07-21 1994-07-21 Ferroelectric liquid crystal element and liquid crystal device using that

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0836165A true JPH0836165A (en) 1996-02-06

Family

ID=16286696

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP19216094A Pending JPH0836165A (en) 1994-07-21 1994-07-21 Ferroelectric liquid crystal element and liquid crystal device using that

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0836165A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003052505A1 (en) * 2001-12-17 2003-06-26 Catalysts & Chemicals Industries Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display cell

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003052505A1 (en) * 2001-12-17 2003-06-26 Catalysts & Chemicals Industries Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display cell

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0703484B1 (en) Ferroelectric liquid crystal device and process for production thereof
KR940005123B1 (en) Liquid crystal display device using liquid crystal device
KR0161240B1 (en) Method of aligning liquid crystals, method of manufacturing liquid crystal device employing the aligning method, and liquid crystal device manufactured employing the aligning method
JPH07152017A (en) Driving method of liquid crystal element and its liquid crystal element
JP2612503B2 (en) Liquid crystal element
US5594571A (en) Ferroelectric liquid crystal device and process for production thereof
US6392624B1 (en) Method of driving liquid crystal device
JPH0836165A (en) Ferroelectric liquid crystal element and liquid crystal device using that
JP2550054B2 (en) Ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal electro-optical device
JP2645754B2 (en) Liquid crystal element
JPH05203933A (en) Ferroelectric liquid crystal element
US5726725A (en) Liquid crystal device and process for production thereof with polyimide alignment film rubbed and then baked
JPH08227076A (en) Liquid crystal display element and information transmission device having the liquid crystal display element
JP3080123B2 (en) Manufacturing method of ferroelectric liquid crystal device
JPH08227077A (en) Liquid crystal display element and information transmission device using the same
JPH07253582A (en) Liquid crystal display element and information transmitting device using the same
JP2614347B2 (en) Liquid crystal element and liquid crystal display
JP3180171B2 (en) Ferroelectric liquid crystal device
KR100802306B1 (en) Liquid Crystal Display Device and Method of Fabricating the same
JP2582309B2 (en) Liquid crystal element
JPH0222623A (en) Liquid crystal display element and its production
JP2612504B2 (en) Liquid crystal device
JP2715209B2 (en) Ferroelectric liquid crystal device
JPH0996818A (en) Liquid crystal element and liquid crystal device
JPH05181150A (en) Ferroelectric liquid crystal display element