JPH08339882A - Ceramic heater - Google Patents
Ceramic heaterInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08339882A JPH08339882A JP14435995A JP14435995A JPH08339882A JP H08339882 A JPH08339882 A JP H08339882A JP 14435995 A JP14435995 A JP 14435995A JP 14435995 A JP14435995 A JP 14435995A JP H08339882 A JPH08339882 A JP H08339882A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- ceramic heater
- ceramic
- lead wire
- press
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明はセラミックヒータに関
し、特にディーゼルエンジン用グロープラグや燃焼器な
ど着火に用いて好適なセラミックヒータに関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ceramic heater, and more particularly to a ceramic heater suitable for ignition of glow plugs and combustors for diesel engines.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来より、例えば、ディーゼルエンジン
用グロープラグの発熱源として使用されるセラミックヒ
ータが知られている。このセラミックヒータは、図５に
示すように、射出成形によってリード線１００が接続さ
れた略Ｕ字形状の発熱体１１０を成形して、そのリード
線１００が接続された発熱体１１０を窒化珪素の粉末中
に埋設してプレス成形した後、そのプレス成形体をホッ
トプレス焼成することで製造される。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, a ceramic heater used as a heat source of a glow plug for a diesel engine is known. In this ceramic heater, as shown in FIG. 5, a substantially U-shaped heating element 110 to which the lead wire 100 is connected is formed by injection molding, and the heating element 110 to which the lead wire 100 is connected is made of silicon nitride. After being embedded in powder and press-molded, the press-molded body is hot-press fired to be manufactured.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、上記の発熱
体１１０は、図６に示すように、リード線１００が接続
された発熱体１１０の端面１１１の周縁が鋭角（角があ
る）であることから、上記の製造工程においてプレス成
形した際に、発熱体１１０の端面周縁（角部）を起点と
して発熱体１１０の外側を覆うセラミック体にクラック
が発生して生産性に支障をきたすという問題があった。
本発明は、上記事情に基づいて成されたもので、その目
的は、プレス成形の際に発熱体を覆うセラミック体にク
ラックが発生するのを防止できるセラミックヒータを提
供することにある。However, in the above-mentioned heating element 110, as shown in FIG. 6, the peripheral edge of the end face 111 of the heating element 110 to which the lead wire 100 is connected has an acute angle (there are corners). Therefore, when press molding is performed in the above manufacturing process, there is a problem that cracks are generated in the ceramic body covering the outside of the heating element 110 starting from the peripheral edge (corner) of the heating element 110, which impairs productivity. there were.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a ceramic heater capable of preventing cracks from being generated in a ceramic body covering a heating element during press molding.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記目的を達
成するために、以下の構成を採用した。請求項１では、
セラミック粉末中にリード線が接続された非金属発熱体
を埋設し焼結して成るセラミックヒータにおいて、前記
発熱体は、前記リード線が接続される端面から側面にか
けての角部が滑らかな曲面で構成されていることを特徴
とする。The present invention has the following features to attain the object mentioned above. In claim 1,
In a ceramic heater formed by embedding and sintering a non-metallic heating element to which a lead wire is connected in a ceramic powder, the heating element has a curved surface with smooth corners from the end surface to which the lead wire is connected to the side surface. It is characterized by being configured.
【０００５】請求項２では、請求項１に記載したセラミ
ックヒータにおいて、前記発熱体は、径方向断面が略円
形でＵ字形状に成形されると共に、その両方の端部に前
記リード線が接続されて前記セラミック粉末中にプレス
成形により埋設される場合に、前記発熱体の直径をＤと
した時、前記角部が曲率半径Ｒ＝０．２〜１／２・Ｄmm
の曲面で構成されていることを特徴とする。According to a second aspect, in the ceramic heater according to the first aspect, the heating element is formed into a U shape having a substantially circular radial cross section, and the lead wires are connected to both ends of the heating element. When the heating element is embedded in the ceramic powder by press molding and the diameter of the heating element is D, the corner has a radius of curvature R = 0.2 to 1 / 2.Dmm.
It is characterized in that it is composed of curved surfaces.
【０００６】[0006]
【作用および発明の効果】上記構成より成る本発明のセ
ラミックヒータは、リード線が接続された発熱体の端面
から側面にかけての角部が滑らかな曲面で構成されてい
ることから、プレス成形の際にセラミック成形体にクラ
ックが発生するのを防止できる。特に、発熱体の角部
は、曲率半径Ｒ＝０．２〜１／２・Ｄmmの曲面で構成す
ることがプレス成形時のクラックの発生を防ぐ上で有効
である。In the ceramic heater of the present invention having the above-described structure, since the corners from the end face to the side face of the heating element to which the lead wire is connected are formed by smooth curved surfaces, it is possible to perform the press forming. Moreover, it is possible to prevent the ceramic molded body from being cracked. Particularly, it is effective to prevent the generation of cracks during press molding by forming the corners of the heating element with curved surfaces having a radius of curvature R = 0.2 to 1 / 2.Dmm.
【０００７】[0007]
【実施例】次に、本発明のセラミックヒータをグロープ
ラグの発熱源として使用した一実施例を図面に基づいて
説明する。図１はセラミックヒータの全体断面図、図３
はグロープラグの全体断面図である。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment in which the ceramic heater of the present invention is used as a heat source of a glow plug will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall sectional view of a ceramic heater, FIG.
FIG. 3 is an overall sectional view of a glow plug.
【０００８】グロープラグ１は、図３に示すように、外
周に取付け用の螺子部２ａが形成されて、外側電極を構
成する金属製の取付け金具２、この取付け金具２の先端
（図３の下端）内部に嵌め込まれて接合（ろう付け）さ
れた金属製の支持筒３、先端側が支持筒３より突出した
状態で、中央部が支持筒３に支持されたセラミックヒー
タ４、断面コの字形を呈する金属キャップ５ａが一体に
形成されて、この金属キャップ５ａがセラミックヒータ
４の後端面に接合された状態で取付け金具２の軸心を通
って配された中軸５、この中軸５の後端部に接続され
て、取付け金具２の後端で絶縁体６を介してナット７に
よって保持された端子電極８等より構成されている。As shown in FIG. 3, the glow plug 1 is provided with a mounting screw portion 2a on the outer periphery thereof, and is made of a metal mounting member 2 which constitutes an outer electrode, and the tip of the mounting member 2 (see FIG. 3). (Lower end) Metal support cylinder 3 fitted and joined (brazed) inside, ceramic heater 4 supported at the center by the support cylinder 3 with the tip side protruding from the support cylinder 3, U-shaped cross section A metal cap 5a which is formed integrally, and which is arranged through the shaft center of the mounting member 2 in a state where the metal cap 5a is joined to the rear end surface of the ceramic heater 4, and the rear end of the center shaft 5 And a terminal electrode 8 and the like which is connected to the section and is held by a nut 7 at the rear end of the fitting 2 through an insulator 6.
【０００９】セラミックヒータ４は、電流を流すことに
より発熱する非金属発熱体９（以下、発熱体９と略
す）、タングステン（Ｗ）から成る一対のリード線１
０、１１、および窒化珪素質のセラミック焼結体１２か
ら成り、このセラミック焼結体１２中に発熱体９および
リード線１０、１１が埋設されて、支持筒３より突出す
る先端部がディーゼルエンジンの予燃焼室（図示しな
い）に晒される。The ceramic heater 4 has a pair of lead wires 1 made of a non-metal heating element 9 (hereinafter, abbreviated as heating element 9) and tungsten (W) that generate heat by passing an electric current.
0, 11 and a silicon nitride ceramic sintered body 12, the heating element 9 and the lead wires 10, 11 are embedded in the ceramic sintered body 12, and the tip portion protruding from the support cylinder 3 is a diesel engine. Exposed to a pre-combustion chamber (not shown).
【００１０】発熱体９は、例えば窒化珪素（Ｓｉ
3 Ｎ4 ）と炭化タングステン（ＷＣ）の各粉末に有機バ
インダを加えて混練した発熱体材料を射出成形して得ら
れるもので、図１に示すように全体形状が略Ｕ字形状に
成形されている。なお、発熱体９の径方向断面形状は略
円形状に設けられている。また、発熱体９の材料は、実
施例の他にＳｉ3 Ｎ4 、ＷＣ、Ｒｅの各粉末に有機バイ
ンダを加えて混練したスラリー状のもの等が使用でき
る。The heating element 9 is made of, for example, silicon nitride (Si
3 N 4 ) and tungsten carbide (WC) powders are mixed with an organic binder and kneaded to obtain a heating element material, which is obtained by injection molding. As shown in FIG. 1, the entire shape is formed into a substantially U shape. ing. The heating element 9 has a substantially circular cross section in the radial direction. Further, as the material of the heating element 9, in addition to the examples, it is possible to use a slurry-like material obtained by kneading each powder of Si 3 N 4 , WC, Re with an organic binder.
【００１１】一方のリード線１０は、一端が発熱体９の
一方の端面９ａに接続されて、他端がセラミック焼結体
１２の端面まで延びてセラミック焼結体１２の端面に被
せられる金属キャップ５ａに接続（ろう付け）される。
従って、このリード線１０は、金属キャップ５ａ、中軸
５、および端子電極８を介して図示しない電源に接続さ
れる。他方のリード線１１は、一端が発熱体９の他方の
端面９ｂに接続されて、他端がセラミック焼結体１２の
側面に引き出されて支持筒３の内壁面に接続（ろう付
け）されている。従って、このリード線１１は、支持筒
３、取付け金具２を介してアースされている。One of the lead wires 10 has one end connected to one end surface 9a of the heating element 9 and the other end extending to the end surface of the ceramic sintered body 12 so as to cover the end surface of the ceramic sintered body 12. 5a is connected (brazing).
Therefore, the lead wire 10 is connected to a power source (not shown) through the metal cap 5a, the center pole 5, and the terminal electrode 8. One end of the other lead wire 11 is connected to the other end face 9b of the heating element 9, and the other end is drawn to the side surface of the ceramic sintered body 12 and connected (brazed) to the inner wall surface of the support cylinder 3. There is. Therefore, the lead wire 11 is grounded via the support tube 3 and the mounting fitting 2.
【００１２】セラミック焼結体１２は、窒化珪素（Ｓｉ
3 Ｎ4 ）の粉末中に発熱体９およびリード線１０、１１
を埋設した状態でプレス成形した後、ホットプレス焼結
して得られるもので、全体が円柱形状を呈し、ディーゼ
ルエンジンの予燃焼室に晒される先端部（図１の下端
部）が半球形状に設けられている。The ceramic sintered body 12 is made of silicon nitride (Si
3 N 4 ) powder in heating element 9 and lead wires 10, 11
It is obtained by press-molding in the state of being embedded and then hot-press-sintering, and the whole has a cylindrical shape, and the tip exposed to the pre-combustion chamber of the diesel engine (the lower end in Fig. 1) has a hemispherical shape. It is provided.
【００１３】次に、このセラミックヒータ４の製造方法
を説明する。 イ）まず、図４に示すように、射出成形用金型１３にリ
ード線１０、１１をセットした後、上記の発熱体材料を
射出口１３ａより注入して金型内のＵ字状空間１３ｂに
充填する。充填された発熱体材料が固化することで、発
熱体９の両端部に各リード線１０、１１が接続された発
熱体Ａｓｓｙが得られる。なお、Ｕ字状空間１３ｂの両
端角部には、Ｒの丸味が設けられている。 ロ）続いて、成形された発熱体Ａｓｓｙを、窒化珪素
（Ｓｉ3 Ｎ4 ）の粉末中に埋設してＵ字形状の上下方向
から押圧し、断面矩形状にプレス成形する。 ハ）続いて、プレス成形によって得られたプレス成形体
（セラミックヒータ４の原型）をカーボン型にセットし
て、高温で圧力を加えながら略円形状に焼結する（ホッ
トプレス焼成）。 ニ）最後に、焼結したセラミック焼結体１２の外表面を
研磨して所定の寸法に仕上げる。Next, a method of manufacturing the ceramic heater 4 will be described. B) First, as shown in FIG. 4, after setting the lead wires 10 and 11 in the injection molding die 13, the above heating element material is injected from the injection port 13a to make a U-shaped space 13b in the die. To fill. By solidifying the filled heating element material, a heating element Assy in which the lead wires 10 and 11 are connected to both ends of the heating element 9 is obtained. In addition, R-roundness is provided at both end corners of the U-shaped space 13b. (B) Subsequently, the molded heating element Assy is embedded in a powder of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) and pressed from above and below in a U-shape to press-mold into a rectangular cross section. C) Subsequently, the press-molded body (prototype of the ceramic heater 4) obtained by press-molding is set in a carbon mold and sintered into a substantially circular shape while applying pressure at high temperature (hot press firing). D) Finally, the outer surface of the sintered ceramic sintered body 12 is polished to a predetermined size.
【００１４】上記の各工程を経て製造されるセラミック
ヒータ４において、発熱体９は、図２に示すように、リ
ード線１０、１１の各一端が接続される端面周縁部にＲ
が付与されている。即ち、発熱体９は、上記イ）の射出
成形の工程の際に、リード線１０、１１が接続される発
熱体９の端面（一方の端面９ａおよび他方の端面９ｂ）
から側面９ｃ（外周面）にかけての角部が滑らかな曲面
で構成されている。このように、発熱体９の端面角部に
Ｒを付与する（丸みを付ける）ことで、上述したセラミ
ックヒータ４のプレス成形体の製造工程において、発熱
体Ａｓｓｙを窒化珪素（Ｓｉ3 Ｎ4 ）の粉末中に埋設し
てプレス成形した際に、発熱体９の端面角部を起点とし
たクラックの発生を防止することができる。In the ceramic heater 4 manufactured through the above-mentioned steps, the heating element 9 has an R-shaped end face peripheral portion to which one end of each of the lead wires 10 and 11 is connected, as shown in FIG.
Is given. That is, the heating element 9 has end surfaces (one end surface 9a and the other end surface 9b) of the heating element 9 to which the lead wires 10 and 11 are connected in the injection molding step (a).
The corner from the side surface 9c to the side surface (outer peripheral surface) is formed by a smooth curved surface. In this way, by imparting R (rounding) to the end face corners of the heating element 9, the heating element Assy is replaced with silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) in the manufacturing process of the press-formed body of the ceramic heater 4 described above. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of cracks originating from the corners of the end faces of the heat generating element 9 when embedded in the powder and pressed.
【００１５】実際に、発熱体９の端面角部に丸味を付け
てプレス成形した時の実験結果を下記の表１に示す。但
し、発熱体９の直径Ｄ＝１．５mm、およびリード線１
０、１１として直径０．３mmのＷ線を用いる（図２参
照）。なお、実験試料は、それぞれ１００個ずつであ
る。Table 1 below shows the experimental results when the end face corners of the heating element 9 were actually rounded and press-molded. However, the diameter D of the heating element 9 = 1.5 mm, and the lead wire 1
W wires having a diameter of 0.3 mm are used as 0 and 11 (see FIG. 2). The number of experimental samples is 100 each.
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１６】この実験結果では、発熱体９の端面角部に
付与した丸味が０．２Ｒ〜１／２・Ｄの時に、セラミッ
ク粉末のプレス成形時においてもクラックの発生がな
く、それ以外の場合はセラミックのプレス成形時にクラ
ックが発生した。具体的には、表１に示すように、端面
角部に丸味を付与しなかった時は２８％（２８個）の不
良発生、０．１Ｒの時で１５％（１５個）の不良発生、
１．０Ｒの時で１％（１個）の不良発生となった。According to the results of this experiment, when the roundness imparted to the corners of the end face of the heating element 9 is 0.2R to 1 / 2.D, cracks do not occur even during press molding of the ceramic powder, and in other cases. Cracks occurred during ceramic press molding. Specifically, as shown in Table 1, when roundness was not imparted to the end face corners, 28% (28) defects were generated, and at 0.1R, 15% (15) defects were generated.
At 1.0R, 1% (1 piece) of defects occurred.
【００１７】この実験結果からも分かるように、発熱体
９の端面９ａ、９ｂとリード線１０、１１との間には大
きな段差があり、発熱体９の端面角部に丸味が付与され
ないと、端面角部が鋭角となることから、プレス成形し
た時に、その鋭角な端面角部を起点としてプレス成形体
にクラックが発生し易いと言える。また、丸味が１／２
・Ｄ以上（表１では１．０Ｒの時）になると、リード線
１０、１１との接続面は曲面で構成されるが、発熱体９
の側面９ｃ（外周面）に稜線が生じることから、発生率
は低いがクラックが発生する可能性がある。従って、セ
ラミック粉末中に発熱体Ａｓｓｙを埋設してプレス成形
時に発生するクラックを防止するためには、発熱体９の
端面角部に０．２Ｒ〜１／２・Ｄの丸味を付けることが
効果的であると言える。As can be seen from the results of this experiment, there is a large step between the end faces 9a, 9b of the heating element 9 and the lead wires 10, 11 and if the corners of the end surface of the heating element 9 are not rounded. Since the corners of the end face have an acute angle, it can be said that when press-molding, cracks are likely to occur in the press-molded product starting from the sharp corner of the end face. Also, the roundness is 1/2
When the temperature is D or more (at 1.0R in Table 1), the connecting surface with the lead wires 10 and 11 is composed of a curved surface, but the heating element 9
Since a ridge line is formed on the side surface 9c (outer peripheral surface) of the above, the occurrence rate is low, but cracks may occur. Therefore, in order to bury the heating element Assy in the ceramic powder and prevent cracks generated during press molding, it is effective to add a roundness of 0.2R to 1/2 · D to the end face corner portion of the heating element 9. It can be said that it is target.
【図１】セラミックヒータの全体断面図である。FIG. 1 is an overall sectional view of a ceramic heater.
【図２】リード線が接続された発熱体の端面形状を示す
側面図である。FIG. 2 is a side view showing an end surface shape of a heating element to which a lead wire is connected.
【図３】グロープラグの全体断面図である。FIG. 3 is an overall sectional view of a glow plug.
【図４】発熱体Ａｓｓｙの製造工程を示す金型の平面図
である。FIG. 4 is a plan view of a mold showing a manufacturing process of the heating element Assy.
【図５】リード線が接続された発熱体を示す平面図であ
る（従来技術）。FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a heating element to which a lead wire is connected (prior art).
【図６】リード線が接続された発熱体の端面形状を示す
側面図である（従来技術）。FIG. 6 is a side view showing an end face shape of a heating element to which a lead wire is connected (prior art).
４ セラミックヒータ ９ 発熱体 ９ａ 一方の端面 ９ｂ 他方の端面 ９ｃ 発熱体の側面 １０ 一方のリード線 １１ 他方のリード線 １２ セラミック焼結体 4 ceramic heater 9 heating element 9a one end surface 9b other end surface 9c heating element side surface 10 one lead wire 11 the other lead wire 12 ceramic sintered body
Claims (2)
非金属発熱体を埋設し焼結して成るセラミックヒータに
おいて、 前記発熱体は、前記リード線が接続される端面から側面
にかけての角部が滑らかな曲面で構成されていることを
特徴とするセラミックヒータ。1. A ceramic heater obtained by burying and sintering a non-metallic heating element having a lead wire connected to a ceramic powder, wherein the heating element has a corner portion extending from an end surface to which the lead wire is connected to a side surface. Is a ceramic heater characterized by having a smooth curved surface.
いて、 前記発熱体は、径方向断面が略円形でＵ字形状に成形さ
れると共に、その両方の端部に前記リード線が接続され
て前記セラミック粉末中にプレス成形により埋設される
場合に、前記発熱体の直径をＤとした時、前記角部が曲
率半径Ｒ＝０．２〜１／２・Ｄmmの曲面で構成されてい
ることを特徴とするセラミックヒータ。2. The ceramic heater according to claim 1, wherein the heating element is formed in a U shape with a substantially circular radial cross section, and the lead wires are connected to both ends of the heating element. When it is embedded in ceramic powder by press molding, when the diameter of the heating element is D, the corner portion is formed of a curved surface with a radius of curvature R = 0.2 to 1/2 · D mm. Characteristic ceramic heater.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14435995A JP3169796B2 (en) | 1995-06-12 | 1995-06-12 | Ceramic heater and method of manufacturing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14435995A JP3169796B2 (en) | 1995-06-12 | 1995-06-12 | Ceramic heater and method of manufacturing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08339882A true JPH08339882A (en) | 1996-12-24 |
| JP3169796B2 JP3169796B2 (en) | 2001-05-28 |
Family
ID=15360277
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14435995A Expired - Fee Related JP3169796B2 (en) | 1995-06-12 | 1995-06-12 | Ceramic heater and method of manufacturing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3169796B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6204481B1 (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2001-03-20 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Glow plug with ceramic heating element having electrode attached thereto |
-
1995
- 1995-06-12 JP JP14435995A patent/JP3169796B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6204481B1 (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2001-03-20 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Glow plug with ceramic heating element having electrode attached thereto |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3169796B2 (en) | 2001-05-28 |
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