JPH08215871A - Laser welding method for high-carbon steel strip - Google Patents

Laser welding method for high-carbon steel strip

Info

Publication number
JPH08215871A
JPH08215871A JP7026935A JP2693595A JPH08215871A JP H08215871 A JPH08215871 A JP H08215871A JP 7026935 A JP7026935 A JP 7026935A JP 2693595 A JP2693595 A JP 2693595A JP H08215871 A JPH08215871 A JP H08215871A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
welding
root gap
steel strip
laser beam
laser
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP7026935A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2945294B2 (en
Inventor
Yuji Sato
裕二 佐藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JFE Steel Corp
Original Assignee
Kawasaki Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kawasaki Steel Corp filed Critical Kawasaki Steel Corp
Priority to JP7026935A priority Critical patent/JP2945294B2/en
Publication of JPH08215871A publication Critical patent/JPH08215871A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2945294B2 publication Critical patent/JP2945294B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04Steel or steel alloys

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain a weld zone with less blowholes by specifying the ratio of a root gap to an energy beam diameter between steel strips. CONSTITUTION: A root gap 3 is set between steel strips by placing the end of a preceding strip 1 and that of a succeeding strip 2 opposite to each other. Then, through the irradiation of a laser beam 5 with a tiller wire 4 being supplied and molten, the molten metal is filled in the root gap 3 so as to complete the welding. The steel strips 1, 2 are high-carbon steel containing 0.5% or more of carbon. In addition, 1.5-2.5 is made the ratio of the root gap 3 to the 1/e energy beam diameter 6 of the laser beam 5 in the strip surface on the beam 5 irradiation side. As a result, the production of a high-carbon steel strip is made possible on a continuous processing line with a reduced cost of production.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、プロセスラインにおけ
る高炭素鋼鋼帯のレーザ溶接方法に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a laser welding method for high carbon steel strip in a process line.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】鋼帯を突合せて溶接する際に用いるレー
ザ溶接では、その接合対象とする鋼種や溶込み形状によ
り、ブローホール(気泡)が生成して継手性能を低下さ
せることがあり、ブローホール生成防止の研究がある。
リムド鋼のように部材の酸素量が多い場合のブローホー
ル生成防止の方法としては、特開昭52−110245
号公報に開示されているように低酸素の中間媒体金属を
挿入する電子ビーム溶接法の応用が考えられる。
2. Description of the Related Art In laser welding used for butt-welding steel strips, blowholes (air bubbles) may be generated depending on the type of steel to be welded and the shape of the welded joint, which may deteriorate the joint performance. There is research on hole generation prevention.
As a method for preventing blowhole formation when the amount of oxygen in a member is large, such as rimmed steel, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-110245 is known.
An application of the electron beam welding method in which a low-oxygen intermediate medium metal is inserted as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-242242 can be considered.

【0003】レーザ溶接においては、部分溶込み溶接部
に生成するブローホールに対して、金属蒸気が溶融池内
にとじこめられることが主因であることを解明し、ブロ
ーホールの生成防止策としてHeシールドガスにO2
2 を添加した混合ガスを採用して溶融金属の流動性を
改善する方法やビームオシレートによって溶融池を攪拌
する方法(大前、吉田、広実、鈴木著「炭酸ガスレーザ
溶接に関する基礎的研究」1983−7,三菱重工技
報,Vol20,No.4,p435参照)が知られて
いる。
In laser welding, it was clarified that metal vapor was confined in the molten pool with respect to blowholes generated in the partial penetration weld, and He shield gas was used as a measure for preventing blowhole generation. To O 2 ,
A method of improving the fluidity of molten metal by using a mixed gas containing N 2 and a method of stirring a molten pool by beam oscillating (Omae, Yoshida, Hiromi, Suzuki, "Basic research on carbon dioxide laser welding", 1983. -7, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Report, Vol 20, No. 4, p. 435) are known.

【0004】しかし、高炭素鋼の完全溶込み溶接にレー
ザ溶接を適用した場合のブローホールの生成に関する研
究はなかった。
However, there have been no studies on the formation of blowholes when laser welding is applied to full penetration welding of high carbon steel.

【0005】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明者は、高炭素鋼
帯をプロセスラインで接合するに研究を行い、高炭素鋼
のレーザ溶接実験を積み重ねたところ、キルド鋼として
製造した高炭素鋼を用い完全溶込み溶接継手をレーザ溶
接で行った場合にも、多数のブローホールが生成するこ
とを発見した。
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present inventor has conducted research on joining high carbon steel strips in a process line, and accumulated laser welding experiments of high carbon steels. It was discovered that a large number of blowholes are generated even when the full penetration welded joint is used for laser welding.

【0006】この問題点を解決するために、従来技術の
中間媒体金属部材の挿入を試みた。しかし、プロセスラ
インのような連続性生産設備で、かつ無人運転の溶接機
で中間部材を挿入するのは困難であり、溶接用ワイヤと
して溶融した中間部材組成金属を供給してもその効果が
なかった。HeシールドガスにO2 ,N2 を添加した混
合ガスを採用して溶融金属の流動性を改善する方法やビ
ームオシレートによって溶融池を攪拌する方法は、部分
溶込みの場合の問題解決法であり、完全溶込み溶接(前
記文献では貫通溶接)ではブローホールの発生が少ない
(前記文献436頁)とされている。しかし、実験した
ところ、ブローホールの生成を防止することができなか
った。
In order to solve this problem, an attempt was made to insert a metal member of intermediate medium in the prior art. However, it is difficult to insert the intermediate member in a continuous production facility such as a process line and in an unmanned welding machine, and even if the molten intermediate member composition metal is supplied as a welding wire, its effect is not obtained. It was The method of improving the fluidity of the molten metal by using a mixed gas of O 2 and N 2 added to the He shield gas and the method of stirring the molten pool by beam oscillating are the solutions to the problems in the case of partial penetration. It is said that blowholes are less likely to occur in complete penetration welding (penetration welding in the above document) (page 436 in the above document). However, as a result of experiments, it was not possible to prevent the formation of blowholes.

【0007】本発明は高炭素鋼鋼帯のレーザ溶接におけ
るブローホール生成防止技術を開発し、これを提供する
ことを目的とする。
An object of the present invention is to develop and provide a technique for preventing blowhole formation in laser welding of high carbon steel strip.

【0008】[0008]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は、前記問題点
を解決するために、高炭素鋼鋼帯のレーザ溶接条件を各
種設定し、実験を積み重ねて、ブローホールの発生機構
の解明について研究した。その結果、リムド鋼では従来
技術で知られるように鋼中の酸素が溶接部にブローホー
ルを生成させる原因であったが、高炭素鋼では、鋼中の
炭素が大気中の酸素と結合してCO,CO2 ガスを生成
し、それが溶融金属の凝固とともに溶接部のブローホー
ルとして形づくることであるとの知見を得た。それと同
時に、レーザ溶接条件のうち、接合する鋼帯同士のルー
トギャップ(溶接開先間隔)を適切に設定することによ
って上記目的を達成することができることを知見した。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has set various laser welding conditions for high carbon steel strips and accumulated experiments to clarify the mechanism of blowhole generation. Researched. As a result, in rimmed steel, oxygen in the steel was the cause of forming blowholes in the weld as is known in the prior art, but in high carbon steel, carbon in the steel was combined with oxygen in the atmosphere. It was found that CO and CO 2 gases were generated, and that these were formed as blowholes in the weld along with solidification of the molten metal. At the same time, it was found that the above object can be achieved by appropriately setting the root gap (welding groove interval) between the steel strips to be joined among the laser welding conditions.

【0009】本発明は、炭素量0.5%以上を含有する
高炭素鋼鋼帯を突合せてレーザ溶接するに際して、接合
する鋼帯同士のルートギャップと、レーザビーム照射側
の鋼帯表面におけるレーザビームの1/eエネルギビー
ム直径との比を1.5〜2.5として溶接することを特
徴とするレーザ溶接方法である。ここにeは自然対数の
底である。
According to the present invention, when a high carbon steel strip containing a carbon content of 0.5% or more is butt-welded and laser-welded, a root gap between the steel strips to be joined and a laser beam on the surface of the steel strip on the laser beam irradiation side. The laser welding method is characterized in that the welding is performed by setting the ratio of the beam to the 1 / e energy beam diameter to 1.5 to 2.5. Here, e is the base of natural logarithm.

【0010】[0010]

【作用】本発明では、ルートギャップと、レーザビーム
照射側の鋼帯の表面におけるレーザビームの1/eエネ
ルギビーム直径との関係を適正に保つことにより、ブロ
ーホールの生成防止を図ったものである。レーザビーム
のエネルギ密度分布はガウス分布で近似することができ
る(荒田、宮本著「大出力炭酸ガスレーザの熱源的研究
(第1報)1970,溶接学会誌,Vol39,No.
12,P45)。従って、溶接用として使用するレーザ
発振器のパワー及びレーザビームの拡がり角がわかれ
ば、代数計算で最高エネルギ密度を容易に求めることが
できる。上記溶接学会誌44頁に記載されているよう
に、代数計算で求めた最高エネルギ密度の1/eが溶接
に寄与するスポットの大きさ(直径)である。これを計
算すると、使用するレーザ溶接機について、レーザビー
ム特性としての鋼帯表面位置における1/eエネルギビ
ーム直径を求めることができる。
In the present invention, the generation of blowholes is prevented by properly maintaining the relationship between the root gap and the 1 / e energy beam diameter of the laser beam on the surface of the steel strip on the laser beam irradiation side. is there. The energy density distribution of the laser beam can be approximated by a Gaussian distribution (Arata and Miyamoto, "Heat Source Study of High Power Carbon Dioxide Laser (1st Report) 1970, Journal of Welding Society, Vol 39, No. 6).
12, P45). Therefore, if the power of the laser oscillator used for welding and the divergence angle of the laser beam are known, the maximum energy density can be easily obtained by algebraic calculation. As described on page 44 of the Journal of Welding Society, 1 / e of the maximum energy density obtained by algebraic calculation is the size (diameter) of the spot contributing to welding. When this is calculated, the 1 / e energy beam diameter at the steel strip surface position as the laser beam characteristic can be obtained for the laser welding machine used.

【0011】本発明によれば、接合する鋼帯同士のルー
トギャップの設定に当り、レーザビーム照射側の鋼帯表
面におけるレーザビームの直径を計算又は測定によって
定量化し、その1/eエネルギビーム直径の1.5〜
2.5倍のルートギャップ値にして溶接する。ルートギ
ャップと、鋼帯表面におけるレーザビームの1/eエネ
ルギビーム直径との比が1.5未満では、高炭素鋼鋼帯
が溶けてその中のCと大気中の酸素とが化合しCO又は
CO2 を発生してブローホールが発生する。従ってこの
比を1.5以上に限定する。一方、この比が2.75以
上になると溶接ワイヤでルートギャップを充填すること
ができなくなる。実技的な適正な溶接条件としてはこの
比を2.5以下とする。この比が1.5〜2.5となる
ようなルートギャップに設定すると、高炭素鋼鋼帯の溶
融部分が少なくなる。その結果、溶融金属に供給される
炭素量が少なくなり、ブローホールの生成がない健全な
溶接部が得られるようになる。
According to the present invention, in setting the root gap between steel strips to be joined, the diameter of the laser beam on the surface of the steel strip on the laser beam irradiation side is quantified by calculation or measurement, and its 1 / e energy beam diameter 1.5 ~
Weld with 2.5 times the root gap value. When the ratio of the root gap to the diameter of the 1 / e energy beam of the laser beam on the surface of the steel strip is less than 1.5, the high carbon steel strip melts and C in the steel and oxygen in the atmosphere combine to form CO or CO. CO 2 is generated and blowholes are generated. Therefore, this ratio is limited to 1.5 or more. On the other hand, if this ratio is 2.75 or more, the welding wire cannot fill the root gap. As a practically appropriate welding condition, this ratio is 2.5 or less. When the root gap is set such that this ratio is 1.5 to 2.5, the molten portion of the high carbon steel strip is reduced. As a result, the amount of carbon supplied to the molten metal is reduced, and a sound weld without generation of blowholes can be obtained.

【0012】[0012]

【実施例】図1は本発明の構成を示す溶接断面図であ
る。鋼帯の溶接に際しては、まず先行鋼帯1と後行鋼帯
2の端部同士を対向させ鋼帯同士の間にルートギャップ
3を設定する。次にフィラワイヤ4を供給しながら、レ
ーザビーム5を照射し、レーザビーム5のエネルギでフ
ィラワイヤ4を溶融させ、溶融した金属を鋼帯同士の空
間であるルートギャップ3に充填させることにより溶接
を完了する。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a welding sectional view showing the constitution of the present invention. When welding the steel strips, first, the end gaps of the leading steel strip 1 and the trailing steel strip 2 are opposed to each other, and a root gap 3 is set between the steel strips. Next, while supplying the filler wire 4, the laser beam 5 is irradiated, the filler wire 4 is melted by the energy of the laser beam 5, and the molten metal is filled in the root gap 3 which is a space between the steel strips to complete welding. To do.

【0013】前記のように、使用するレーザ溶接機につ
いて、レーザビーム特性としての鋼帯表面位置における
1/eエネルギビーム直径6を求めることができる。図
1において7はレーザの焦点を示している。ルートギャ
ップを変更して溶接を行った本発明の第1の実施例の効
果を図2に示す。第1の実施例では、鋼帯1、2の材質
として、JISG 4051に規定されている機械構造
用炭素鋼のS55C(C=0.52〜0.58%)を用
い、板厚4.0mmのものを用いた。フィラワイヤは、
JIS Z3312に規定されている溶接ワイヤのYG
W12の直径φ0.9mmを用いた。溶接条件はレーザ
出力10KW、溶接速度2m/minである。
As described above, for the laser welding machine used, the 1 / e energy beam diameter 6 at the steel strip surface position as the laser beam characteristic can be obtained. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 7 indicates the focus of the laser. FIG. 2 shows the effect of the first embodiment of the present invention in which the root gap is changed and welding is performed. In the first example, as the material of the steel strips 1 and 2, S55C (C = 0.52 to 0.58%) of carbon steel for machine structure specified in JIS G 4051 is used, and the plate thickness is 4.0 mm. I used the one. The filler wire is
Welding wire YG specified in JIS Z3312
The diameter φ of W12 was 0.9 mm. The welding conditions are a laser output of 10 kW and a welding speed of 2 m / min.

【0014】図2の縦軸は溶接部100mm当りのブロ
ーホールの合計長さを示し、横軸は変化させたルートギ
ャップと鋼帯表面におけるレーザビームの1/eエネル
ギビーム直径との比を示したものである。図2から明ら
かなようにルートギャップと1/eエネルギビーム直径
比が1.5以上でブローホールが皆無になることが明ら
かである。その比をさらに上げていくと、溶接ワイヤで
ルートギャップが充填できなくなり、溶接不能となる。
その時の比は、約2.75であり、溶接条件としては比
が、1.5〜2.5が適正値である。
The vertical axis of FIG. 2 represents the total length of blowholes per 100 mm of the welded portion, and the horizontal axis represents the ratio of the changed root gap to the 1 / e energy beam diameter of the laser beam on the surface of the steel strip. It is a thing. As is clear from FIG. 2, it is clear that when the root gap and the 1 / e energy beam diameter ratio are 1.5 or more, there are no blowholes. When the ratio is further increased, it becomes impossible to fill the root gap with the welding wire, and welding becomes impossible.
The ratio at that time is about 2.75, and the proper ratio is 1.5 to 2.5 as the welding condition.

【0015】第2の実施例は、鋼帯1、2の材質をJI
S G4401に規定する炭素工具鋼を用いたものであ
る。種類はSK2(C=1.10〜1.30%)で板厚
は2.0mmである。その他の条件は上記第1の実施例
と同じである。図3は、第2の実施例の効果を示すグラ
フである。グラフの縦軸、横軸は図2と同じである。図
3から明らかなように、第2の実施例では第1の実施例
より、はるかに多くのブローホールが生成している。し
かし、ルートギャップと1/eエネルギビーム直径比が
1.5以上でブローホールが大幅に減少し、さらにその
比を上げるほど低減する。
In the second embodiment, the material of the steel strips 1 and 2 is JI.
The carbon tool steel specified in S G4401 is used. The type is SK2 (C = 1.10 to 1.30%) and the plate thickness is 2.0 mm. The other conditions are the same as those in the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the second embodiment. The vertical axis and the horizontal axis of the graph are the same as in FIG. As is apparent from FIG. 3, in the second embodiment, far more blow holes are generated than in the first embodiment. However, when the root gap and the 1 / e energy beam diameter ratio are 1.5 or more, the number of blowholes is greatly reduced, and the higher the ratio is, the more the blowholes are reduced.

【0016】しかし、第2の実施例でも、その比が約
2.75で溶接ワイヤによるルートギャップの充填がで
きなくなると溶接不可能になる。従って、溶接条件とし
てはその比が1.5〜2.5が適正値である。本発明で
は、高炭素鋼鋼帯の溶接において、鋼帯同士のルートギ
ャップの設定に当り、ルートギャップとレーザビーム照
射側の鋼帯表面におけるレーザビームの1/eエネルギ
ビーム直径との比を1.5〜2.5にしたので、レーザ
ビームが直接鋼帯に照射して溶融することがなくなり、
ブローホールの少ない良好な溶接部が得られた。
However, even in the second embodiment, if the ratio is about 2.75 and the root gap cannot be filled with the welding wire, welding becomes impossible. Therefore, as a welding condition, a ratio of 1.5 to 2.5 is an appropriate value. According to the present invention, in the welding of high carbon steel strips, when setting the root gap between steel strips, the ratio of the root gap to the 1 / e energy beam diameter of the laser beam on the surface of the steel strip on the laser beam irradiation side is 1. Since it is set to 0.5 to 2.5, the laser beam does not directly irradiate the steel strip to melt it,
Good welds with few blowholes were obtained.

【0017】本発明は、レーザビームの径を計算で求め
る方法を説明したが、これに限らず、エネルギビームの
実測値を用いても良い。
Although the present invention has explained the method of calculating the diameter of the laser beam by calculation, the present invention is not limited to this, and the actual measurement value of the energy beam may be used.

【0018】[0018]

【発明の効果】本発明は高炭素鋼鋼帯のレーザ溶接にお
いて、ルートギャップと鋼帯表面におけるレーザビーム
の1/eエネルギビーム直径との比を1.5〜2.5に
して溶接することにより、ブローホールの少ない溶接部
が得られるようになり、連続プロセスラインでの高炭素
鋼帯生産が可能になり、生産コストが低減できるという
すぐれた効果を奏する。
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, in the laser welding of a high carbon steel strip, the ratio of the root gap to the 1 / e energy beam diameter of the laser beam on the surface of the strip is 1.5 to 2.5. As a result, a welded part with few blowholes can be obtained, high carbon steel strip can be produced in a continuous process line, and the production cost can be reduced.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の構成を示す溶接断面図である。FIG. 1 is a welding cross-sectional view showing the structure of the present invention.

【図2】本発明の第1の実施例の効果を示すグラフであ
る。
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the first embodiment of the present invention.

【図3】本発明の第2の実施例の効果を示すグラフであ
る。
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the second embodiment of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 先行鋼帯 2 後行鋼帯 3 ルートギャップ 4 フィラワイヤ 5 レーザビーム 6 鋼帯表面レー
ザビーム1/e直径 7 レーザビーム焦点
1 Leading steel strip 2 Trailing steel strip 3 Root gap 4 Filler wire 5 Laser beam 6 Steel strip surface laser beam 1 / e diameter 7 Laser beam focus

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 炭素量0.5%以上を含有する高炭素鋼
鋼帯を突合せてレーザ溶接するに際して、接合する鋼帯
同士のルートギャップと、レーザビーム照射側の鋼帯表
面におけるレーザビームの1/eエネルギビーム直径と
の比を1.5〜2.5とすることを特徴とするレーザ溶
接方法。
1. When a high carbon steel strip containing a carbon content of 0.5% or more is butt-welded and laser-welded, the root gap between the steel strips to be joined and the laser beam on the surface of the steel strip on the laser beam irradiation side. A laser welding method, characterized in that a ratio with a 1 / e energy beam diameter is 1.5 to 2.5.
JP7026935A 1995-02-15 1995-02-15 Laser welding method for high carbon steel strip Expired - Fee Related JP2945294B2 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003062605A1 (en) * 2002-01-23 2003-07-31 General Electric Company (A New York Corporation) Method and apparatus for increasing welding rates for high aspect ratio welds
JP2010260102A (en) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-18 General Electric Co <Ge> Beam welding process using vented shim

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003062605A1 (en) * 2002-01-23 2003-07-31 General Electric Company (A New York Corporation) Method and apparatus for increasing welding rates for high aspect ratio welds
JP2010260102A (en) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-18 General Electric Co <Ge> Beam welding process using vented shim

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