JPH08200594A - Cryogenic liquefied gas storage tank - Google Patents
Cryogenic liquefied gas storage tankInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08200594A JPH08200594A JP7011658A JP1165895A JPH08200594A JP H08200594 A JPH08200594 A JP H08200594A JP 7011658 A JP7011658 A JP 7011658A JP 1165895 A JP1165895 A JP 1165895A JP H08200594 A JPH08200594 A JP H08200594A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- heat insulating
- inner tank
- insulating layer
- vacuum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、極低温液化ガス貯蔵タ
ンクに関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a cryogenic liquefied gas storage tank.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、液化天然ガスなどの化石燃料に比
べてクリーンな水素燃料が注目されており、今後、化石
燃料から水素燃料への移行が予想されている。2. Description of the Related Art Recently, clean hydrogen fuel has attracted attention as compared with fossil fuel such as liquefied natural gas, and it is expected that fossil fuel will be replaced with hydrogen fuel in the future.
【0003】そして、本格的に水素燃料時代が到来した
場合、数万から数十万立法メートルもの規模を有する大
型の液体水素貯蔵タンクを多数基備えた水素基地が必要
となる。When the era of hydrogen fuel comes into full swing, a hydrogen base equipped with a large number of large liquid hydrogen storage tanks having a scale of tens to hundreds of thousands of cubic meters is required.
【0004】ところで、液体水素は、沸点が−253℃
の極低温の液化ガスであり、このような極低温の液体水
素を貯蔵可能な数万から数十万立法メートルもの規模を
有する大型の液体水素貯蔵タンクは、現在のところ、存
在していない。By the way, the boiling point of liquid hydrogen is −253 ° C.
A large-scale liquid hydrogen storage tank, which is a cryogenic liquefied gas of the present invention and has a scale of tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of cubic meters capable of storing such cryogenic liquid hydrogen, does not exist at present.
【0005】一方、現在燃料として使用されている液化
天然ガスは、沸点が−162℃の低温の液化ガスであ
り、このような液化天然ガスを貯蔵する液化天然ガス貯
蔵タンクは、図5に示すような構造を備えている。On the other hand, the liquefied natural gas currently used as a fuel is a low temperature liquefied gas having a boiling point of -162 ° C. A liquefied natural gas storage tank for storing such liquefied natural gas is shown in FIG. It has such a structure.
【0006】即ち、液化天然ガス1を貯蔵可能な薄い金
属メンブレン製の内槽2の外方を、断熱空間を有して、
厚さ寸法が大きく、非常に高い耐圧強度を有するコンク
リート製などの剛構造の外槽3で包囲し、内槽2と外槽
3の間の断熱空間に、内槽2を支持可能な程度の高い耐
圧強度を有するポリウレタンなどの断熱層4を充填した
構造を有している。That is, the outer side of the inner tank 2 made of a thin metal membrane capable of storing the liquefied natural gas 1 is provided with a heat insulating space,
It has a large thickness and is surrounded by a rigid outer tub 3 made of concrete or the like having a very high pressure resistance, and the inner tub 2 can be supported in a heat insulating space between the inner tub 2 and the outer tub 3. It has a structure in which a heat insulating layer 4 such as polyurethane having high pressure resistance is filled.
【0007】尚、内槽2と外槽3の間の断熱空間には、
通常、1気圧程度の空気或いはヘリウムガスが封入され
ている。In the heat insulating space between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3,
Usually, air or helium gas of about 1 atm is enclosed.
【0008】又、図中、5は外槽3の屋根、6は内槽2
の底部を支持する断熱材製のサポートである。In the figure, 5 is the roof of the outer tank 3 and 6 is the inner tank 2.
It is a support made of heat insulating material that supports the bottom of the.
【0009】上記液化天然ガス貯蔵タンクでは、液化天
然ガス1の貯蔵を、薄い金属メンブレン製の内槽2で行
わせている。In the liquefied natural gas storage tank, the liquefied natural gas 1 is stored in the inner tank 2 made of a thin metal membrane.
【0010】そして、内外間の断熱を、断熱層4で行わ
せている。The inside and outside are insulated by the heat insulating layer 4.
【0011】更に、液化天然ガス1及び薄い金属メンブ
レン製の内槽2の荷重の支持を、断熱層4を介して、非
常に高い耐圧強度を有するコンクリート製などの剛構造
の外槽3で行わせている。Furthermore, the load of the liquefied natural gas 1 and the inner tank 2 made of a thin metal membrane is supported by the outer tank 3 made of concrete or the like having a very high compressive strength through the heat insulating layer 4. I am letting you.
【0012】[0012]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記従
来の液化天然ガス貯蔵タンクを、そのまま液体水素の貯
蔵に用いた場合には、以下のような問題が生じる。However, when the above conventional liquefied natural gas storage tank is used as it is for the storage of liquid hydrogen, the following problems occur.
【0013】即ち、液化天然ガス1及び内槽2の荷重の
支持を、断熱層4を介して、非常に高い耐圧強度を有す
るコンクリート製などの剛構造の外槽3で行わせている
関係上、断熱層4にも液化天然ガス1及び内槽2の荷重
を支持できるだけの高い耐圧強度が要求されることにな
る。そのため、断熱層4には密度の大きいポリウレタン
を使用せざるを得ない。That is, the loads of the liquefied natural gas 1 and the inner tank 2 are supported through the heat insulating layer 4 by the outer tank 3 having a rigid structure made of concrete and having a very high pressure resistance. Therefore, the heat insulating layer 4 is also required to have a high pressure resistance strength capable of supporting the loads of the liquefied natural gas 1 and the inner tank 2. Therefore, it is unavoidable to use polyurethane having a high density for the heat insulating layer 4.
【0014】しかし、密度の大きいポリウレタンは断熱
性能が悪いので、その分、厚さ寸法を大きくしなければ
所望の断熱性能を発揮させることができない。しかる
に、液体水素は液化天然ガス1に比べて沸点が低いた
め、蒸発によるロスを発生し易い。従って、このような
液体水素を貯蔵させるには、液化天然ガス1の場合より
も断熱層4をかなり厚くしなければならないことにな
る。However, since polyurethane having a high density has poor heat insulating performance, the desired heat insulating performance cannot be exhibited unless the thickness dimension is increased accordingly. However, since liquid hydrogen has a lower boiling point than liquefied natural gas 1, loss due to evaporation is likely to occur. Therefore, in order to store such liquid hydrogen, the heat insulating layer 4 must be made considerably thicker than in the case of the liquefied natural gas 1.
【0015】具体的には、液体水素は液化天然ガス1よ
り10倍程度も蒸発し易いので、同じ容積の液体水素を
貯蔵するには、液化天然ガス1の場合の10倍以上もの
厚さの断熱層4が必要となり、仮に、内槽2の直径が4
0m、断熱層4の厚さが1m、外槽3の直径が42mの
液化天然ガス貯蔵タンクがあるとして、同容積の液体水
素を貯蔵するには、内槽2の直径を40m、断熱層4の
厚さを10m、外槽3の直径を60mなどとしなければ
ならなくなり、タンク全体が非常に大きくなってしま
う。Specifically, since liquid hydrogen evaporates about 10 times more easily than liquefied natural gas 1, in order to store the same volume of liquid hydrogen, the thickness of the liquid hydrogen is 10 times or more that of liquefied natural gas 1. The heat insulation layer 4 is required, and if the inner tank 2 has a diameter of 4
Assuming that there is a liquefied natural gas storage tank having a thickness of 0 m, a thickness of the heat insulating layer 4 of 1 m, and a diameter of the outer tank 3 of 42 m, to store the same volume of liquid hydrogen, the diameter of the inner tank 2 is 40 m, and the heat insulating layer 4 is The thickness of the tank must be 10 m and the diameter of the outer tank 3 must be 60 m, and the entire tank becomes very large.
【0016】このように、タンクが大きくなると、それ
に伴って外槽3や断熱層4の強度をより高めなければな
らなくなり、今度は、剛構造の外槽3を採用することが
困難になる。As described above, when the tank becomes large, the strength of the outer tub 3 and the heat insulating layer 4 must be increased accordingly, and it becomes difficult to adopt the rigid outer tub 3 this time.
【0017】従って、液化天然ガス貯蔵タンクの構造
は、液体水素貯蔵タンクには適用できない。Therefore, the structure of the liquefied natural gas storage tank cannot be applied to the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
【0018】本発明は、上述の実情に鑑み、断熱性能を
高めると共に、外側に柔構造を採用して全体の小型化を
図ることにより液体水素をも貯蔵し得るようにした極低
温液化ガス貯蔵タンクを提供することを目的とするもの
である。In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention has a cryogenic liquefied gas storage which is capable of storing liquid hydrogen as well by improving the heat insulation performance and adopting a flexible structure on the outer side to reduce the size of the whole. It is intended to provide a tank.
【0019】[0019]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、液圧保持に必
要な程度の強度を有する、内部に極低温液体を貯蔵可能
な薄い金属製の内槽と、内槽の外方を真空形成空間を有
して包囲し、且つ、コルゲートを形成されて伸縮可能と
された、密閉可能な薄い金属製のメンブレン真空槽と、
前記真空形成空間に配置された、メンブレン真空槽を保
持可能な程度の強度を有する発泡性断熱層と、内槽内の
底部に設けられた底部が膨らむのを防止可能な補強リブ
と、メンブレン真空槽内に内槽の底部を支持可能に設け
られた断熱材製の断熱材サポートとを備えたことを特徴
とする極低温液化ガス貯蔵タンクにかかるものである。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has a thin metal inner tank capable of storing a cryogenic liquid therein and having a strength required to maintain a liquid pressure, and a vacuum is formed outside the inner tank. A membrane vacuum chamber made of a thin metal, which has a space and is surrounded, and which is formed of a corrugated and is expandable and contractable, and
A foaming heat insulating layer disposed in the vacuum forming space and having a strength sufficient to hold a membrane vacuum tank, a reinforcing rib provided at the bottom of the inner tank to prevent the bottom from expanding, and a membrane vacuum The present invention relates to a cryogenic liquefied gas storage tank, which is provided with a heat insulating material support made of a heat insulating material so as to be able to support the bottom of the inner tank.
【0020】この場合において、メンブレン真空槽の外
方を外殻で包囲するようにしても良い。In this case, the outer side of the membrane vacuum chamber may be surrounded by an outer shell.
【0021】[0021]
【作用】本発明の作用は以下の通りである。The operation of the present invention is as follows.
【0022】液体水素などの極低温液体の貯蔵は、薄い
金属製の内槽により行われる。Storage of a cryogenic liquid such as liquid hydrogen is performed by a thin metal inner tank.
【0023】該内槽は、液圧保持に必要な程度の厚さ寸
法或いは強度を有しているので、支障なく液体水素を保
持することができる。Since the inner tank has a thickness dimension or strength that is necessary for maintaining the liquid pressure, it can hold the liquid hydrogen without any trouble.
【0024】この際、内槽内の底部に、補強リブを設け
たことにより、内槽の底部が膨らむのが防止されるの
で、特に極低温液体の圧力が大きくなる内槽底部の厚さ
寸法を大きくして強度を上げる必要をなくすことができ
る。At this time, since the reinforcing ribs are provided at the bottom of the inner tank, the bottom of the inner tank is prevented from bulging, so that the thickness of the bottom of the inner tank at which the pressure of the cryogenic liquid becomes particularly large is increased. Can be eliminated to increase the strength.
【0025】加えて、補強リブを設けたことにより、内
槽の底部が膨らむのを防止することができるので、内槽
底部の膨径により発泡性断熱層に位置ずれが生じて、そ
の部分の断熱性能が低下することが防止される。In addition, since the reinforcing rib is provided, it is possible to prevent the bottom portion of the inner tank from swelling. Therefore, the expanded diameter of the bottom portion of the inner tank causes the foamed heat insulating layer to be displaced, which causes It is prevented that the heat insulation performance is deteriorated.
【0026】そして、メンブレン真空槽を、薄いステン
レスなどの金属による柔構造としているので、メンブレ
ン真空槽は発泡性断熱層を介して内槽で支持されること
となる。Since the membrane vacuum chamber has a flexible structure made of metal such as thin stainless steel, the membrane vacuum chamber is supported by the inner chamber via the foaming heat insulating layer.
【0027】すると内槽では、内側から作用する極低温
液体の荷重と、外側から作用する発泡性断熱層及びメン
ブレン真空槽の荷重とがバランスすることとなり、内槽
によって発泡性断熱層及びメンブレン真空槽を支障なく
保持することが可能となる。Then, in the inner tank, the load of the cryogenic liquid acting from the inside is balanced with the load of the foaming heat insulating layer and the membrane vacuum tank acting from the outside, and the inner tank balances the load of the foaming heat insulating layer and the membrane vacuum. It is possible to hold the tank without any trouble.
【0028】そして、発泡性断熱層は、薄くて軽いメン
ブレン真空槽の荷重を支持できるだけの強度が有れば良
いので、密度を極めて小さくすることができるようにな
り、これによって、断熱性能を大幅に向上することがで
きる。The foaming heat insulating layer has only to be strong enough to support the load of the thin and light membrane vacuum chamber, so that the density can be made extremely small, whereby the heat insulating performance is greatly improved. Can be improved.
【0029】尚、内槽内の空間の圧力は、断熱性能が向
上して極低温液体の蒸発が抑えられることから1気圧程
度に抑えられ、メンブレン真空槽の外側の圧力も大気圧
力程度に設定されるので、内槽内外の圧力もバランスさ
れることとなる。The pressure in the space inside the inner tank is suppressed to about 1 atm because the heat insulation performance is improved and evaporation of the cryogenic liquid is suppressed, and the pressure outside the membrane vacuum tank is set to about atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the pressure inside and outside the inner tank is also balanced.
【0030】このように、外槽に相当するメンブレン真
空槽を柔構造としたことにより、全体を大幅に小型化す
ることが可能となる。As described above, since the membrane vacuum chamber corresponding to the outer chamber has the flexible structure, the entire size can be greatly reduced.
【0031】そして、極低温液体は、沸点が非常に低い
ので、僅かでも外部からの熱の侵入があると、蒸発して
ロスを生じることになるが、本発明では、前記したよう
に、密度が極めて小さく断熱性能の良い発泡性断熱層を
使用することができるので、蒸発を効果的に防止するこ
とができる。Since the cryogenic liquid has a very low boiling point, even if a small amount of heat is invaded from the outside, it will evaporate and cause a loss. It is possible to use a foaming heat insulating layer having a very small heat insulating property and having a good heat insulating performance, so that evaporation can be effectively prevented.
【0032】又、極低温液体はほとんどのガスの凝縮温
度(ほぼ40K)より低温となるため、製造時に内槽と
メンブレン真空槽との間の真空形成空間内を10-2To
rr程度に粗く真空引きしておくだけで、低温液体を貯
蔵した時に、真空形成空間内のガスが凝縮されて、真空
形成空間内が真空となり、ガスの対流によって伝わる対
流伝熱が0となって真空断熱状態が形成される。Further, since the cryogenic liquid has a temperature lower than the condensation temperature of almost all gases (approximately 40 K), the inside of the vacuum forming space between the inner tank and the membrane vacuum tank is 10 -2 To during manufacturing.
When the low-temperature liquid is stored, the gas in the vacuum forming space is condensed and the vacuum in the vacuum forming space becomes a vacuum, so that the convective heat transfer due to the convection of the gas becomes 0 by simply roughing the vacuum to about rr. A vacuum insulation state is formed.
【0033】もし、従来方式(図5)の貯槽を液体水素
に用いると、断熱空間が真空となって、内槽と外槽をそ
れぞれ独立に構造的にもたせる必要が生じ、内槽は圧力
1気圧の内圧タンク、外槽は圧力1気圧の外圧タンクに
なってしまう。If the conventional storage tank (FIG. 5) is used for liquid hydrogen, the adiabatic space becomes a vacuum and the inner tank and the outer tank need to be structurally independent of each other. The internal pressure tank of atmospheric pressure and the external tank become the external pressure tank of 1 atmospheric pressure.
【0034】上記真空断熱は、常圧断熱と比べて高い断
熱効果が得られるので、密度が小さく固体伝熱の小さい
発泡性断熱層による断熱効果と総合すると、非常に高い
断熱性能が得られ、薄い断熱層としても高い断熱効果が
確保できる。Since the above-mentioned vacuum heat insulation has a higher heat insulation effect than the normal pressure heat insulation, when combined with the heat insulation effect of the foaming heat insulation layer having a small density and a small solid heat transfer, a very high heat insulation performance can be obtained. A high heat insulating effect can be secured even as a thin heat insulating layer.
【0035】そして、極低温液体の冷熱により発泡性断
熱層は収縮を起こすが、メンブレン真空槽は、その表面
に縦横などの波(コルゲート)が形成されて面方向に伸
縮可能とされているので、メンブレン真空槽は発泡性断
熱層の収縮に追随して変形することができる。Although the foaming heat insulating layer contracts due to the cold heat of the cryogenic liquid, the membrane vacuum chamber is capable of expanding and contracting in the surface direction because corrugations such as vertical and horizontal directions are formed on its surface. The membrane vacuum chamber can be deformed following the shrinkage of the foam heat insulating layer.
【0036】尚、メンブレン真空槽は薄いため、外部か
らの衝撃などにより損傷を受け易いので、周囲に外殻を
設けて保護するようにしても良い。Since the membrane vacuum chamber is thin, it is likely to be damaged by an external impact or the like, so an outer shell may be provided to protect it.
【0037】又、内槽は、その底部を断熱材サポートを
介して基礎に支持される。The bottom of the inner tank is supported by the foundation via a heat insulating material support.
【0038】[0038]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照しつつ説
明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【0039】図1〜図4は、本発明の一実施例である。1 to 4 show an embodiment of the present invention.
【0040】液圧保持に必要な程度の厚さ寸法或いは強
度を有する、内部に液体水素などの極低温液体7を貯蔵
可能な薄い金属製の内槽8を設ける。A thin metal inner tank 8 capable of storing a cryogenic liquid 7 such as liquid hydrogen is provided inside, which has a thickness dimension or strength required for maintaining a liquid pressure.
【0041】該内槽8は、例えば、アルミ合金やステン
レスなどで構成する。The inner tank 8 is made of, for example, aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
【0042】前記内槽8の外方を、真空形成空間9aを
有して薄い金属製のメンブレン真空槽9で密閉可能に包
囲する。The outer side of the inner tank 8 is enclosed in a thin metal membrane vacuum tank 9 having a vacuum forming space 9a so as to be hermetically sealed.
【0043】該メンブレン真空槽9は、ステンレスなど
で構成し、表面に図2に示すような縦横(斜めでも良
い)の波(コルゲート10)を形成して面方向へ伸縮可
能とする。The membrane vacuum chamber 9 is made of stainless steel or the like, and has longitudinal and horizontal (or diagonal) waves (corrugations 10) as shown in FIG.
【0044】前記真空形成空間9aに、メンブレン真空
槽9を保持可能な程度の強度を有する発泡ポリウレタン
フォーム製の発泡性断熱層11を配置する。In the vacuum forming space 9a, a foaming heat insulating layer 11 made of polyurethane foam having a strength sufficient to hold the membrane vacuum tank 9 is arranged.
【0045】発泡性断熱層11は、図3に示すような発
泡ポリウレタンフォームブロック12を積み上げるなど
して構成する。The expandable heat insulating layer 11 is formed by stacking expanded polyurethane foam blocks 12 as shown in FIG.
【0046】又、発泡ポリウレタンフォームブロック1
2は、32kg/m3程度と密度が極めて小さく、内部
に極く薄い膜13によって仕切られた小空間14を多数
有するスカスカな状態のものを使用する。Further, foamed polyurethane foam block 1
No. 2 has a very low density of about 32 kg / m 3 and is in a scathed state having a large number of small spaces 14 partitioned by an extremely thin film 13 inside.
【0047】尚、前記真空形成空間9aは、製造時に内
部を10-2Torr程度に軽く真空引きしておく。The inside of the vacuum forming space 9a is lightly evacuated to about 10 -2 Torr during manufacturing.
【0048】更に、内槽8内の底部に、内槽8の底部が
膨らむのを防止可能な補強リブ15を設ける。Further, a reinforcing rib 15 is provided at the bottom of the inner tank 8 to prevent the bottom of the inner tank 8 from bulging.
【0049】該補強リブ15は、例えば、図4に示すよ
うに、複数枚の穴開き枠状のプレート16の一端部どう
しを内槽8の軸心位置で互いに溶接し、内槽8の半径方
向へ延びる他端部を内槽8の内周面へ溶接した構造とす
る。For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the reinforcing ribs 15 are formed by welding one ends of a plurality of perforated frame-shaped plates 16 to each other at the axial center position of the inner tank 8 to form a radius of the inner tank 8. The other end extending in the direction is welded to the inner peripheral surface of the inner tank 8.
【0050】更に又、メンブレン真空槽9内に、内槽8
の底部を支持可能な断熱材サポート17を設ける。Furthermore, inside the membrane vacuum tank 9, the inner tank 8 is
An insulating material support 17 capable of supporting the bottom of the is provided.
【0051】該断熱材サポート17は、バルサやプライ
ウッド等の木材系の断熱材を用いるのが好ましい。For the heat insulating material support 17, it is preferable to use a wood type heat insulating material such as balsa or plywood.
【0052】更に、メンブレン真空槽9の外方を、外殻
18で包囲する。Further, the outer side of the membrane vacuum chamber 9 is surrounded by the outer shell 18.
【0053】該外殻18は、単に薄いメンブレン真空槽
9を保護する目的で設けられるカバーであり、メンブレ
ン真空槽9との間の空間19は、大気圧とほぼ等しくな
るように、例えば、空間19を大気に解放したり、或い
は、1気圧程度の窒素ガスや空気を充満させたりしても
良い。The outer shell 18 is a cover provided only for the purpose of protecting the thin membrane vacuum tank 9, and the space 19 between the outer shell 18 and the membrane vacuum tank 9 is, for example, a space so as to be almost equal to the atmospheric pressure. 19 may be opened to the atmosphere or filled with nitrogen gas or air of about 1 atm.
【0054】尚、20は極低温液体7の出入口部であ
る。Reference numeral 20 is a port for the cryogenic liquid 7.
【0055】次に、作動について説明する。Next, the operation will be described.
【0056】液体水素などの極低温液体7の貯蔵は、薄
い金属製の内槽8により行われる。Storage of the cryogenic liquid 7 such as liquid hydrogen is carried out by a thin metal inner tank 8.
【0057】該内槽8は、液圧保持に必要な程度の厚さ
寸法或いは強度を有しているので、支障なく液体水素を
保持することができる。Since the inner tank 8 has a thickness dimension or strength that is necessary for maintaining the liquid pressure, it can hold the liquid hydrogen without any trouble.
【0058】この際、内槽8内の底部に、補強リブ15
を設けたことにより、内槽8の底部が膨らむのが防止さ
れるので、特に極低温液体7の圧力が大きくなる内槽8
底部の厚さ寸法を大きくして強度を上げる必要をなくす
ことができる。At this time, the reinforcing ribs 15 are provided on the bottom of the inner tank 8.
Since the bottom of the inner tank 8 is prevented from swelling by providing the inner tank 8, the inner tank 8 in which the pressure of the cryogenic liquid 7 becomes particularly large
It is possible to eliminate the need to increase the thickness by increasing the thickness of the bottom portion.
【0059】加えて、補強リブ15を設けたことによ
り、内槽8の底部が膨らむのを防止することができるの
で、内槽8底部の膨径により発泡ポリウレタンフォーム
ブロック12に位置ずれが生じて、その部分の断熱性能
が低下することが防止される。In addition, since the reinforcing ribs 15 are provided, it is possible to prevent the bottom portion of the inner tank 8 from swelling. Therefore, the expanded diameter of the bottom portion of the inner tank 8 causes the polyurethane foam block 12 to be displaced. It is possible to prevent the heat insulating performance of the part from being deteriorated.
【0060】そして、図5の外槽3に相当するメンブレ
ン真空槽9を、薄いステンレスなどの金属による柔構造
としているので、メンブレン真空槽9は発泡性断熱層1
1を介して内槽8で支持されることとなる。Since the membrane vacuum chamber 9 corresponding to the outer chamber 3 in FIG. 5 has a flexible structure made of a metal such as thin stainless steel, the membrane vacuum chamber 9 has the foamable heat insulating layer 1
1 will be supported by the inner tank 8.
【0061】すると内槽8では、内側から作用する極低
温液体7の荷重と、外側から作用する発泡性断熱層11
及びメンブレン真空槽9の荷重とがバランスすることと
なり、内槽8によって発泡性断熱層11及びメンブレン
真空槽9を支障なく保持することが可能となる。Then, in the inner tank 8, the load of the cryogenic liquid 7 acting from the inside and the foaming heat insulating layer 11 acting from the outside
And the load of the membrane vacuum tank 9 is balanced, and the foamable heat insulating layer 11 and the membrane vacuum tank 9 can be held by the inner tank 8 without any trouble.
【0062】そして、発泡性断熱層11は、薄くて軽い
メンブレン真空槽9の荷重を支持できるだけの強度が有
れば良いので、32kg/m3程度と密度が極めて小さ
く、内部に極く薄い膜13によって仕切られた小空間1
4を多数有するスカスカな状態の発泡ポリウレタンフォ
ームを使用することができるようになり、これによって
後述するように、断熱性能を大幅に向上することができ
る。Since the foamable heat insulating layer 11 only needs to have a strength that can support the load of the thin and light membrane vacuum chamber 9, it has a very small density of about 32 kg / m 3 and has an extremely thin film inside. Small space 1 divided by 13
It becomes possible to use a foamed polyurethane foam having a large number of 4 in a squeezed state, which can greatly improve the heat insulating performance, as described later.
【0063】尚、内槽8内の空間の圧力は、断熱性能が
向上して極低温液体7の蒸発が抑えられることから1気
圧程度に抑えられ、メンブレン真空槽9の外側の圧力も
上記したように大気圧力程度に設定されているので、内
槽8内外の圧力もバランスされることとなる。The pressure in the space inside the inner tank 8 is suppressed to about 1 atm because the heat insulation performance is improved and the evaporation of the cryogenic liquid 7 is suppressed, and the pressure outside the membrane vacuum tank 9 is also as described above. Since the pressure is set to about atmospheric pressure, the pressure inside and outside the inner tank 8 is also balanced.
【0064】このように、図5の外槽3に相当するメン
ブレン真空槽9を柔構造としたことにより、図5の剛構
造の外槽3を備えた液化天然ガス貯蔵タンクの構造をそ
のまま液体水素などの極低温液体7に採用した場合に比
べて、全体を大幅に小型化することが可能となる。As described above, by making the membrane vacuum tank 9 corresponding to the outer tank 3 of FIG. 5 a flexible structure, the structure of the liquefied natural gas storage tank having the rigid outer tank 3 of FIG. Compared with the case where it is used for the cryogenic liquid 7 such as hydrogen, it is possible to make the whole size significantly smaller.
【0065】そして、極低温液体7としての液体水素
は、沸点が−253℃と非常に低いので、僅かでも外部
からの熱の侵入があると、液体水素が蒸発してロスを生
じることになるが、本実施例では、前記したように、密
度が極めて小さく、内部に極く薄い膜13によって仕切
られた小空間14を多数有するスカスカな発泡ポリウレ
タンフォームからなる断熱性能の良い発泡性断熱層11
を使用することができるので、液体水素の蒸発を効果的
に防止することができる。Since the boiling point of liquid hydrogen as the cryogenic liquid 7 is as very low as −253 ° C., if a slight amount of heat is introduced from the outside, the liquid hydrogen will evaporate and cause a loss. However, in the present embodiment, as described above, the foaming heat insulating layer 11 having a very small density and having a large number of small spaces 14 partitioned by the extremely thin film 13 therein has a good heat insulating performance and is made of a polyurethane foam having a scratchy appearance.
Can be used, so that evaporation of liquid hydrogen can be effectively prevented.
【0066】ここで、発泡ポリウレタンフォームの断熱
性能は、発泡ポリウレタンフォームの素材自体を伝わる
固体伝熱と、発泡ポリウレタンフォーム内部の小空間1
4を構成する膜13を透過する輻射伝熱と、小空間14
内に封入された発泡ガスの対流によって伝わる対流伝熱
とによって決まるが、本実施例にかかる発泡ポリウレタ
ンフォームは密度が小さいため固体伝熱が小さくなり、
図5の密度が大きく固体伝熱の大きいポリウレタンなど
の断熱層4に比べて、断熱性能を大幅に向上することが
できる。Here, the heat insulation performance of the foamed polyurethane foam includes solid heat transfer transmitted through the material itself of the foamed polyurethane foam and the small space 1 inside the foamed polyurethane foam.
4 and the radiant heat transmitted through the film 13 forming the small space 14
It depends on the convective heat transfer that is transmitted by the convection of the foaming gas enclosed in the foamed polyurethane foam according to the present embodiment because the density is small, the solid heat transfer is small,
As compared with the heat insulating layer 4 such as polyurethane having a high density and a large solid heat transfer in FIG. 5, the heat insulating performance can be significantly improved.
【0067】しかも、極低温液体7としての液体水素の
温度は−253℃以下の極低温であって、ほとんどのガ
スの凝縮温度(ほぼ40K)より低くなるため、製造時
に内槽8とメンブレン真空槽9との間の真空形成空間9
a内を10-2Torr程度に粗く真空引きしておくだけ
で、液体水素を貯蔵した時に、真空形成空間9a内のガ
スや、発泡ポリウレタンフォームブロック12の小空間
14内の発泡ガスが凝縮されて、真空形成空間9a内や
小空間14内が真空となり、ガスの対流によって伝わる
対流伝熱が0となって真空断熱状態が形成される。Moreover, since the temperature of liquid hydrogen as the cryogenic liquid 7 is a cryogenic temperature of −253 ° C. or lower, which is lower than the condensation temperature of almost all gases (approximately 40K), the inner tank 8 and the membrane vacuum are manufactured. Vacuum forming space 9 with the tank 9
When liquid hydrogen is stored, the gas in the vacuum forming space 9a and the foaming gas in the small space 14 of the foamed polyurethane foam block 12 are condensed by simply evacuating the inside of a to a rough vacuum of about 10 -2 Torr. As a result, the inside of the vacuum forming space 9a and the inside of the small space 14 become vacuum, and the convective heat transfer conducted by the convection of the gas becomes 0, so that the vacuum adiabatic state is formed.
【0068】尚、図5の液化天然ガス貯蔵タンクの場
合、温度が−162℃とガスや空気の凝縮温度よりも高
くなるため、断熱空間にこのような真空断熱状態は得ら
れず、常圧断熱となる。In the case of the liquefied natural gas storage tank of FIG. 5, since the temperature is -162 ° C., which is higher than the condensation temperature of gas or air, such a vacuum adiabatic state cannot be obtained in the adiabatic space, and the atmospheric pressure cannot be obtained. It becomes heat insulation.
【0069】又、もし、従来方式(図5)の貯槽を液体
水素に用いると、断熱空間が真空となって、内槽2と外
槽3をそれぞれ独立に構造的にもたせる必要が生じ、内
槽は圧力1気圧の内圧タンク、外槽は圧力1気圧の外圧
タンクになってしまう。Further, if the conventional storage tank (FIG. 5) is used for liquid hydrogen, the heat insulating space becomes a vacuum, and it becomes necessary to provide the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 independently from each other. The tank is an internal pressure tank with a pressure of 1 atm, and the external tank is an external pressure tank with a pressure of 1 atm.
【0070】上記真空断熱は、常圧断熱と比べて高い断
熱効果が得られるので、密度が小さく固体伝熱の小さい
発泡ポリウレタンフォームの発泡性断熱層11による断
熱効果と総合すると、図5の場合の10倍程度以上もの
高い断熱性能が得られ、薄い発泡性断熱層11としても
高い断熱効果が確保できる。Since the vacuum heat insulation has a higher heat insulation effect than the normal pressure heat insulation, when combined with the heat insulation effect of the foaming heat insulation layer 11 of polyurethane foam having a low density and a small solid heat transfer, the case of FIG. A heat insulating performance as high as about 10 times or more can be obtained, and a high heat insulating effect can be secured even with the thin foamable heat insulating layer 11.
【0071】そして、極低温液体7の冷熱により発泡ポ
リウレタンフォーム製の発泡性断熱層11は収縮を起こ
すが、メンブレン真空槽9は、その表面に縦横などの波
(コルゲート10)が形成されて面方向に伸縮可能とさ
れているので、発泡ポリウレタンフォーム製の発泡性断
熱層11の収縮に追随して変形することができる。Then, the foam heat insulating layer 11 made of expanded polyurethane foam contracts due to the cold heat of the cryogenic liquid 7, but the membrane vacuum chamber 9 has a surface with corrugations 10 (vertical and horizontal) formed on its surface. Since it can be expanded and contracted in the direction, it can be deformed following the contraction of the foamable heat insulating layer 11 made of polyurethane foam.
【0072】尚、メンブレン真空槽9は薄いため、外部
からの衝撃などにより損傷を受け易いので、周囲に外殻
18を設けて保護するようにしている。Since the membrane vacuum chamber 9 is thin, it is apt to be damaged by an external impact or the like, so that the outer shell 18 is provided to protect it.
【0073】又、内槽8は、その底部を木材系の断熱材
サポート17を介して基礎に支持されている。The bottom of the inner tank 8 is supported by the foundation via a wood-based heat insulating material support 17.
【0074】尚、本発明は、上述の実施例にのみ限定さ
れるものではなく、極低温液体は液体水素に限らないこ
と、発泡性断熱層は発泡ポリウレタンフォーム製に限ら
ないこと、その他、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内に
おいて種々変更を加え得ることは勿論である。The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, the cryogenic liquid is not limited to liquid hydrogen, the foamable heat insulating layer is not limited to polyurethane foam, and other Needless to say, various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
【0075】[0075]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の極低温液
化ガス貯蔵タンクによれば、断熱性能を高めると共に、
外側に柔構造を採用して全体の小型化を図ることによ
り、支障なく極低温液体水素を貯蔵することができるよ
うになるという優れた効果を奏し得る。As described above, according to the cryogenic liquefied gas storage tank of the present invention, the heat insulation performance is improved and
By adopting a flexible structure on the outer side and reducing the size of the whole, it is possible to achieve an excellent effect that the cryogenic liquid hydrogen can be stored without any trouble.
【図1】本発明の一実施例の概略側方断面図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic side sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.
【図2】メンブレン真空槽に形成されたコルゲートの様
子を示す概略図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a state of a corrugate formed in a membrane vacuum chamber.
【図3】発泡ポリエチレンフォームの様子を示す概略斜
視図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a foamed polyethylene foam.
【図4】内槽底部に設けられた補強リブの様子を示す概
略斜視図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing a state of reinforcing ribs provided on the bottom of the inner tank.
【図5】液化天然ガス貯蔵タンクの概略側方断面図であ
る。FIG. 5 is a schematic side sectional view of a liquefied natural gas storage tank.
7 極低温液体 8 内槽 9 メンブレン真空槽 9a 真空形成空間 10 コルゲート 11 発泡性断熱層 15 補強リブ 17 断熱材サポート 18 外殻 7 Cryogenic liquid 8 Inner tank 9 Membrane vacuum tank 9a Vacuum forming space 10 Corrugate 11 Foaming heat insulating layer 15 Reinforcing ribs 17 Insulating material support 18 Outer shell
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 山口 方士 神奈川県横浜市磯子区新中原町1番地 石 川島播磨重工業株式会社技術研究所内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Takashi Yamaguchi 1 Shinshinakahara-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Ishi Kawashima Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Technical Research Institute
Claims (2)
内部に極低温液体を貯蔵可能な薄い金属製の内槽と、内
槽の外方を真空形成空間を有して包囲し、且つ、コルゲ
ートを形成されて伸縮可能とされた、密閉可能な薄い金
属製のメンブレン真空槽と、前記真空形成空間に配置さ
れた、メンブレン真空槽を保持可能な程度の強度を有す
る発泡性断熱層と、内槽内の底部に設けられた底部が膨
らむのを防止可能な補強リブと、メンブレン真空槽内に
内槽の底部を支持可能に設けられた断熱材製の断熱材サ
ポートとを備えたことを特徴とする極低温液化ガス貯蔵
タンク。1. Having strength to the extent necessary to maintain hydraulic pressure,
A thin metal inner tank that can store cryogenic liquid inside, and a thin, sealable container that surrounds the outside of the inner tank with a vacuum forming space and is corrugated to allow expansion and contraction. The metal membrane vacuum tank, the foaming heat insulating layer arranged in the vacuum forming space and having a strength sufficient to hold the membrane vacuum tank, and the bottom provided in the bottom of the inner tank are prevented from expanding. A cryogenic liquefied gas storage tank, which is provided with a possible reinforcing rib and a heat insulating material support made of a heat insulating material so as to be able to support the bottom of the inner tank in the membrane vacuum tank.
された請求項1記載の極低温液化ガス貯蔵タンク。2. The cryogenic liquefied gas storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the membrane vacuum tank is surrounded by an outer shell.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP01165895A JP3456044B2 (en) | 1995-01-27 | 1995-01-27 | Cryogenic liquefied gas storage tank |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP01165895A JP3456044B2 (en) | 1995-01-27 | 1995-01-27 | Cryogenic liquefied gas storage tank |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH08200594A true JPH08200594A (en) | 1996-08-06 |
JP3456044B2 JP3456044B2 (en) | 2003-10-14 |
Family
ID=11784084
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JP01165895A Expired - Fee Related JP3456044B2 (en) | 1995-01-27 | 1995-01-27 | Cryogenic liquefied gas storage tank |
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JP (1) | JP3456044B2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20020028956A (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2002-04-17 | 주식회사 씨엔엔 | method for manufacture in freezing storage tank |
CN106170378A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2016-11-30 | 气体运输技术公司 | The pressure DIFFUSION TREATMENT method of the thermal insulation barriers that foaming synthetic foam is made |
JP2017187065A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-12 | 明星工業株式会社 | Heat insulation material and low temperature tank |
JP2020132246A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2020-08-31 | 株式会社Ihiプラント | Tank and construction method thereof |
-
1995
- 1995-01-27 JP JP01165895A patent/JP3456044B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20020028956A (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2002-04-17 | 주식회사 씨엔엔 | method for manufacture in freezing storage tank |
CN106170378A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2016-11-30 | 气体运输技术公司 | The pressure DIFFUSION TREATMENT method of the thermal insulation barriers that foaming synthetic foam is made |
JP2017187065A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-12 | 明星工業株式会社 | Heat insulation material and low temperature tank |
JP2020132246A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2020-08-31 | 株式会社Ihiプラント | Tank and construction method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3456044B2 (en) | 2003-10-14 |
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