JPH081445A - Rod material for forming hole - Google Patents
Rod material for forming holeInfo
- Publication number
- JPH081445A JPH081445A JP14184094A JP14184094A JPH081445A JP H081445 A JPH081445 A JP H081445A JP 14184094 A JP14184094 A JP 14184094A JP 14184094 A JP14184094 A JP 14184094A JP H081445 A JPH081445 A JP H081445A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hole
- hardness
- center
- bending
- cross
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、棒材の中心部に穴を形
成する棒材に関し、特に自動盤により連続的に棒材に穴
明け加工を施して管状部品を製造するのに適した被自動
盤加工材料に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a bar material having a hole formed in the center of the bar material, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing a tubular part by continuously punching the bar material by an automatic lathe. The present invention relates to an automatic lathe processing material.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】棒材の中心部に穴明け加工を行うには、
一般的には旋盤が用いられる。この際工具径が数mm以上
のものでの穴明け加工を行う場合には、工具(ドリル)
が充分の強度を有するため加工条件にあまり影響される
ことなく、比較的正確な穴明け加工、特に中心に対して
穴曲がりのほとんど無い穴加工を行うことができる。し
かし、非常に細い径の穴明けを行う場合、工具(ドリ
ル)の径も小さくなり、強度が無いため加工条件によっ
て穴明けの初期位置がずれ、いわゆる穴曲がり現象が発
生する。以下、特に時計部品のような小径の棒材に穴加
工する場合について述べる。2. Description of the Related Art To make a hole in the center of a bar,
A lathe is generally used. At this time, when performing drilling with a tool diameter of several mm or more, use a tool (drill).
Has a sufficient strength, so that it is possible to perform relatively accurate drilling, particularly drilling with almost no bending of the center, without being greatly affected by the processing conditions. However, when drilling a hole having a very small diameter, the diameter of the tool (drill) also becomes small, and since there is no strength, the initial position of the hole is shifted depending on the processing conditions, and a so-called hole bending phenomenon occurs. In the following, the case of drilling a small-diameter rod material such as a watch component will be described.
【0003】時計用自動盤部品(ドリルロッド)は加工
精度が要求される。昭和61年3月工業技術院機械技術
研究所マイクロ製造技術によると、特に時計用自動盤部
品への穴加工部品の加工区分は微細深穴加工区分に属
し、穴径に対し11倍の長さの部品もある。更に穴の中
心の棒材軸心に対する精度、所謂穴の曲がり精度も25
ミクロン以下を要求される為に、時計用自動盤ドリルロ
ッドはその加工精度を得るために切削性歯割(歯車歯の
切削)性の良いHv320〜390のSK材の材料を使
用している。Processing precision is required for automatic lathe parts (drill rods) for timepieces. According to Micro Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Industrial Technology, March 1986, the machining category of hole machining parts, especially for automatic lathe parts for watches, belongs to the micro deep hole machining category, which is 11 times longer than the hole diameter. There are also parts. Further, the accuracy of the center of the hole with respect to the axis of the rod material, so-called bending accuracy of the hole is 25
Since a micron or less is required, the automatic lathe drill rod for a watch uses a material of SK material of Hv320 to 390 having good cutting property (cutting of gear teeth) in order to obtain the processing accuracy.
【0004】以下時計用自動盤部品として時計の筒カナ
を例にとり説明する。図4において、筒カナ1は中心に
秒針が係合した4番車が挿入される穴2を有し、外周に
日の裏車と噛合うカナ3及び歯車嵌合部4が形成されて
いる。[0004] As an automatic timepiece component for a timepiece, a cylinder pinion of a timepiece will be described below as an example. In FIG. 4, a cylindrical pinion 1 has a hole 2 in the center for inserting a fourth wheel & pinion with which a second hand is engaged, and a pinion 3 and a gear fitting portion 4 that mesh with a back wheel of the day are formed on the outer periphery. .
【0005】このような構造であるから穴2はカナ3及
び嵌合部4に対しその中心に精度よく形成されているこ
とが必要である。Due to this structure, the hole 2 must be accurately formed in the center of the pinion 3 and the fitting portion 4.
【0006】図5は穴曲がりを示しており、穴2が棒材
1に対し偏心して明けられている。穴曲がり量は片寄り
量A、Bの差、A−Bで表される。FIG. 5 shows the bending of the hole, and the hole 2 is opened eccentrically with respect to the bar 1. The hole bending amount is represented by the difference between the deviation amounts A and B, and AB.
【0007】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】図5の如く穴曲がりが
あると、穴2に嵌合する4番車の回転が偏心し、秒針と
時刻表示符号に対する位置に狂いが生ずる。すなわち、
0秒の位置で秒針と表示符号の位置を合わせても15
秒、30秒と進むにつれ、位置がしだいにくるってく
る。これは1秒運針の時計においては、かなり見苦しく
なる。If the hole is bent as shown in FIG. 5, the rotation of the No. 4 wheel fitted in the hole 2 is eccentric, and the position of the second hand and the time display code is out of alignment. That is,
It is 15 even if the position of the second hand and the display code is adjusted at the position of 0 second.
The position will gradually come as it advances for 30 seconds. This is quite unsightly in a one-second hand-held watch.
【0008】穴曲がりとしては、上記のような棒材端面
における軸心に対する穴の中心の偏心の他に、穴加工の
途中における偏心もある。この加工途中における穴曲が
りに関しては従来から加工中にキリが異物に遭遇すると
キリが曲げられ必然的に穴が曲がる。又、硬さが不均一
だと軟らかい方にキリが曲がりこれも必然的に穴が曲が
ると報告されている。では材料の硬さが均一ならば曲が
らないかというとそうではない。As the hole bending, in addition to the eccentricity of the center of the hole with respect to the axis of the rod end face as described above, there is eccentricity in the middle of hole machining. Regarding the bending of the hole during the processing, conventionally, when the drill encounters a foreign substance during the processing, the drill bends and the hole inevitably bends. It is also reported that if the hardness is uneven, the softer one will bend and this will inevitably bend the hole. Then, if the hardness of the material is uniform, it may not bend.
【0009】図7は、A、B、C三種の棒材の中心より
180、360、540(μ)の各点の硬さ(Hv)を
示すもので、之等の材料は均一な硬さを有している。図
6は之等A、B、Cの材料に穴加工を施したときの穴曲
がりを示すもので記号A、B、Cが各々対応している。
振れが10乃至16のものはかなりの割合を占め、また
広い範囲の振れが認められる。即ち硬さが均一でも穴が
曲がるのである。FIG. 7 shows the hardness (Hv) at each point of 180, 360, 540 (μ) from the center of the three kinds of bar materials of A, B and C. have. FIG. 6 shows the bending of holes when the materials A, B, and C are drilled, and the symbols A, B, and C correspond to each other.
A shake of 10 to 16 accounts for a considerable proportion, and a wide range of shake is recognized. That is, even if the hardness is uniform, the hole bends.
【0010】自動盤加工中のキリ刃の局部局部が受ける
抵抗は、キリ刃の局部局部の磨耗程度の違いや、加工熱
によって刃先に構成刃先が付着したり、この構成刃先が
切削抵抗によって脱落したりすることによって、自動盤
の無人連続加工中に刻々と変化していると推測される。
これらの加工中の変化によりキリが曲げられ穴曲がりす
るものと考えられる。The resistance received by the local part of the drilling blade during automatic lathe machining is different in the degree of wear of the local part of the drilling blade, the component cutting edge adheres to the cutting edge due to processing heat, and the component cutting edge falls off due to cutting resistance. It is presumed that it changes every moment during unattended continuous machining of automatic lathes.
It is considered that due to these changes during processing, the hole is bent due to bending of the hole.
【0011】この加工中の変化は全く均一な硬度の材料
が得られるのであれば少なくなるであろう。しかしその
ような材料は単結晶の材料に限られるのであって、実際
は加工後の浸炭や焼入れの為にカーボンが含有されてい
たり、製品としての耐磨耗性を必要とする為にそのカー
ボンがセメンタイトの状態で存在している材料となって
おり、全く均一な硬度とは言えない。又、切削性を向上
させる為に快削成分である鉛や硫黄を含有させた材料で
は同様に曲がりに対して十分均一な材料組織のものを得
ることはできない。This change during processing will be less if a material of fairly uniform hardness is obtained. However, such materials are limited to single-crystal materials, and in fact, carbon is contained for carburizing and quenching after processing, and the carbon is required because it requires abrasion resistance as a product. Since it is a material that exists in the state of cementite, it cannot be said that it has a completely uniform hardness. Further, in the case of a material containing lead or sulfur which is a free-cutting component in order to improve the machinability, it is similarly impossible to obtain a material structure having a sufficiently uniform bending resistance.
【0012】図9は0.9%カーボンのドリルロッドに
セメンタイトが存在している材料の例を示し、表1は快
削成分を有する材料の成分の一例を示す。図9において
黒い部分がセメンタイトで白い所は地である。FIG. 9 shows an example of a material in which cementite is present in a 0.9% carbon drill rod, and Table 1 shows an example of a material component having a free-cutting component. In FIG. 9, the black part is cementite and the white part is the ground.
【0013】[0013]
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0014】本発明の目的は、均一な材料組織でない材
料でも穴加工を行う際穴曲がりの少ない棒材を提供する
ことにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a bar material having a small hole bending when drilling a hole even if the material does not have a uniform material structure.
【0015】[0015]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明による棒材は断面
中心の硬さが中心より外周部に向かうに従い、徐々に低
下していることを特徴とする。The bar according to the present invention is characterized in that the hardness at the center of the cross section gradually decreases from the center toward the outer peripheral portion.
【0016】更に本発明のよる棒材は断面中心の硬さH
v350〜390を有し外周部に向かって同心円に硬さ
を低下し、外周部までの低下分がHv15〜25となっ
ていることを特徴とする。Further, the bar according to the present invention has a hardness H at the center of the cross section.
The hardness is reduced concentrically toward the outer peripheral portion having v350 to 390, and the reduced amount to the outer peripheral portion is Hv15 to 25.
【0017】[0017]
【作用】この様な棒材を使用することにより、全く均一
でない硬度の材料で、又、十分均一でない材料組織の材
料でも曲がり量の少ない穴加工が行える。By using such a bar material, it is possible to perform hole drilling with a small amount of bending even if the material has a hardness that is not completely uniform and the material structure is not sufficiently uniform.
【0018】[0018]
【実施例】以下図により本発明の実施例を説明する。図
1は本発明の一実施例である棒材の断面硬さを表してい
る。図1より明らかなように、本発明による材料D、E
及びFは中心が硬く外周に行くに従って硬度を減じた断
面硬度を有している。材料Dは中心硬度380(Hv)
から外周硬度368へ、Eでは375から360へ、F
では355から330へ夫々減少している。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the cross-sectional hardness of a bar material which is an embodiment of the present invention. As is clear from FIG. 1, the materials D and E according to the invention
And F have a hardness at the center and a cross-sectional hardness in which the hardness is reduced toward the outer periphery. Material D has a center hardness of 380 (Hv)
To outer peripheral hardness 368, E to 375 to 360, F
In that case, it has decreased from 355 to 330, respectively.
【0019】図2はその材料における曲がり量を測定し
た結果をヒストグラムで表したもので、記号D、E、F
が各々対応している。図で明らかなように振れの範囲は
狭く、図6に示した断面硬度が均一な材料に比べて穴曲
がり量は大幅に少なくなっていることが認められる。FIG. 2 is a histogram showing the results of measuring the amount of bending of the material, and the symbols D, E and F are shown.
Correspond to each. As is clear from the figure, the range of deflection is narrow, and it is recognized that the amount of hole bending is significantly smaller than that of the material shown in FIG. 6 having a uniform sectional hardness.
【0020】図8は図7に示した従来例のA材料につい
て中心から等距離で同一円周上のXとY方向の硬さ分布
を表し、図3は図1に示した本発明例のD材料について
上記A材料と同様にXとY方向の硬さ分布を表してい
る。両者を比較すると曲がりの少ないD材料は材料断面
中心から外周に行くに従って硬度を減じると同時にほぼ
同一円周上は同一硬さになっていることが分かる。一方
曲がりの大きいA材料は中心部も外周部もほぼ似た硬さ
になっているが同一円周上の硬さは多少異なった硬さに
なっていて、図3のようなきれいな四角形を描いていな
いことが分かる。FIG. 8 shows hardness distributions in the X and Y directions on the same circumference equidistant from the center for the A material of the conventional example shown in FIG. 7, and FIG. 3 shows the hardness distribution of the example of the present invention shown in FIG. Similar to the material A, the hardness distribution in the X and Y directions is shown for the material D. Comparing the two, it can be seen that the hardness of the D material having less bending decreases as it goes from the center of the material cross section to the outer circumference, and at the same time, the hardness becomes almost the same on the same circumference. On the other hand, the material A, which has a large bend, has a hardness similar to the center and the outer periphery, but the hardness on the same circumference is slightly different. I know that not.
【0021】図10は、微細深穴加工(a)及び太穴加
工(b)を同一外周切削速度にした場合の各々中心まで
の速度勾配を示し、図11は、図12の平刃により穴加
工した場合の切削抵抗を示し、cは本発明の材料、dは
従来の材料を示す。FIG. 10 shows the velocity gradients to the center when the fine deep hole machining (a) and the thick hole machining (b) are performed at the same outer peripheral cutting speed, and FIG. The cutting resistance when processed is shown, c is the material of the present invention, and d is the conventional material.
【0022】図10より明らかように、微細深穴加工
は、太穴加工に比べ、加工穴の外周部と中心部との、切
削速度差(速度勾配)が非常に大きく、切削現象への影
響、即ち、切削熱の蓄積、加工変質層の発生、工具熱変
形、工具磨耗、構成刃先の発生、等を受けやすいが、外
周部に向かって硬度を下げることによって、これを減じ
る方向に作用している。即ち、平刃の先端チゼル5の接
触点であるセンタ−から外周部に向かって切削抵抗が徐
々に減じることにより平刃の耐挫屈性及び耐曲がり性が
向上する為に異物等の影響を受けにくいものとなる。As is apparent from FIG. 10, in the fine deep hole drilling, the cutting speed difference (velocity gradient) between the outer peripheral portion and the central portion of the drilled hole is very large as compared with the thick hole drilling, and it affects the cutting phenomenon. That is, it is susceptible to accumulation of cutting heat, generation of work-affected layer, tool thermal deformation, tool wear, generation of built-up edge, etc., but by decreasing the hardness toward the outer periphery, it acts in a direction to reduce it. ing. That is, since the cutting resistance gradually decreases from the center, which is the contact point of the tip chisel 5 of the flat blade, toward the outer peripheral portion, the resistance to buckling and bending of the flat blade is improved, so that the influence of foreign matter or the like is reduced. It becomes difficult to receive.
【0023】[0023]
【発明の効果】上記の如く本発明によれば、一般にドリ
ルロッドと称されるカーボン、イオウ、鉛を含有した材
料でも、工業的に必要とされる十分曲がりの少ない材料
にすることが可能である。また、本発明の材料を使用す
ることによって、曲がりに対するロット不合格率が減り
同時に不合格品の選別も無くすることが可能になり設備
費コスト面からも極めて効果の高いものである。As described above, according to the present invention, even a material generally called a drill rod, which contains carbon, sulfur and lead, can be made into a material having a sufficiently small bend which is industrially required. is there. In addition, by using the material of the present invention, the lot rejection rate against bending can be reduced, and at the same time, the selection of rejected products can be eliminated, which is extremely effective in terms of equipment cost.
【図1】本発明の一実施例である材料の棒材断面硬さを
示す図表FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a bar cross-sectional hardness of a material which is an embodiment of the present invention.
【図2】本発明による材料における曲がり量を測定した
結果をヒストグラムFIG. 2 is a histogram showing the results of measuring the bending amount of the material according to the present invention.
【図3】本発明による材料について中心から等距離で同
一円周上のXとY方向の硬さ分布を表す図FIG. 3 is a diagram showing hardness distributions in the X and Y directions on the same circumference equidistant from the center of the material according to the present invention.
【図4】本発明の棒材を加工して作られた時計部品を示
す図FIG. 4 is a view showing a watch component made by processing the bar material of the present invention.
【図5】曲がり量の測定方法を示す図FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a method of measuring a bending amount.
【図6】従来の材料に穴加工を施したときの穴曲がり量
を測定した結果をヒストグラム[Fig. 6] Histogram of the result of measuring the amount of bending of a hole when a conventional material is hole-processed.
【図7】従来の棒材の断面の硬さを示す図表FIG. 7 is a chart showing the hardness of the cross section of a conventional bar material.
【図8】従来の材料についての図3と同様な図FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 3 for conventional material.
【図9】0.9%カーボンのドリルロッドにセメンタイ
トが存在している材料の例を示す図FIG. 9 is a view showing an example of a material in which cementite is present in a 0.9% carbon drill rod.
【図10】穴加工の切削速度差を示す図FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a difference in cutting speed in drilling.
【図11】切削抵抗を示す図FIG. 11 is a diagram showing cutting resistance.
【図12】平刃を示す斜視図FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a flat blade.
1 筒カナ 2 穴 3 カナ部 4 歯車係合部 5 チゼル 1 Cylinder Cana 2 Hole 3 Cana Part 4 Gear Engagement Part 5 Chisel
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 小野 久男 東京都田無市本町6丁目1番12号 シチズ ン時計株式会社田無製造所内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hisao Ono 6-12 Hommachi, Tanashi City, Tokyo Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Tanashi Factory
Claims (2)
棒材の断面中心より外周部に向かって硬さが徐々に低下
していることを特徴とする穴を形成するための棒材。1. A bar material for forming a hole, characterized in that, in a bar material having a hole drilled in the center, the hardness gradually decreases from the center of the cross section of the bar toward the outer peripheral portion. .
棒材は円形断面を有し、その断面中心の硬さはHv35
0〜390であって、前記断面の外周部に向かって同心
円状に硬さが低下し、外周部までの低下分がHv15〜
25の範囲となっていることを特徴とする穴を形成する
ための棒材。2. A bar material having a hole at the center thereof, the bar material having a circular cross section, and the hardness at the center of the cross section is Hv35.
0-390, the hardness decreases concentrically toward the outer peripheral portion of the cross section, and the amount of decrease to the outer peripheral portion is Hv15-
A bar material for forming a hole having a range of 25.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP14184094A JPH081445A (en) | 1994-06-23 | 1994-06-23 | Rod material for forming hole |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP14184094A JPH081445A (en) | 1994-06-23 | 1994-06-23 | Rod material for forming hole |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH081445A true JPH081445A (en) | 1996-01-09 |
Family
ID=15301380
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP14184094A Pending JPH081445A (en) | 1994-06-23 | 1994-06-23 | Rod material for forming hole |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH081445A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU759784B2 (en) * | 1999-07-05 | 2003-05-01 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine start/stop device of vehicle |
-
1994
- 1994-06-23 JP JP14184094A patent/JPH081445A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU759784B2 (en) * | 1999-07-05 | 2003-05-01 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine start/stop device of vehicle |
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