JPH08141566A - Wastewater treatment apparatus - Google Patents
Wastewater treatment apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08141566A JPH08141566A JP28574894A JP28574894A JPH08141566A JP H08141566 A JPH08141566 A JP H08141566A JP 28574894 A JP28574894 A JP 28574894A JP 28574894 A JP28574894 A JP 28574894A JP H08141566 A JPH08141566 A JP H08141566A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- filtrate
- air
- chamber
- pipe
- separation device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、小型の合併処理浄化槽
など、活性汚泥法を利用して生活排水処理や産業排水処
理を行う汚水処理装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sewage treatment apparatus such as a small combined treatment septic tank for treating domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater by utilizing the activated sludge method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】この種の汚水処理装置として、図７に示
したような吸引濾過方式の汚水処理装置が一般的であ
る。図７において、１は被処理水供給管２より導入され
た被処理水を生物学的に処理する曝気槽である。曝気槽
１の内部には、管状または平型の膜エレメント３を上下
方向に並設した膜分離装置４が設けられており、膜エレ
メント３の膜体透過側は濾液ヘッダ５、濾液管６を介し
てポンプ７などの負圧供給手段に連通している。膜エレ
メント３の下方には、ブロワ８に給気管９を介して接続
した散気装置１０が設けられており、曝気槽１の底部に
は、ポンプ１１を介装した余剰汚泥引抜管１２が設けら
れている。2. Description of the Related Art As this type of sewage treatment apparatus, a suction filtration type sewage treatment apparatus as shown in FIG. 7 is generally used. In FIG. 7, reference numeral 1 is an aeration tank for biologically treating the treated water introduced from the treated water supply pipe 2. Inside the aeration tank 1, there is provided a membrane separation device 4 in which tubular or flat membrane elements 3 are arranged side by side in the vertical direction. The membrane permeation side of the membrane element 3 is provided with a filtrate header 5 and a filtrate tube 6. It communicates with the negative pressure supply means such as the pump 7 via the. Below the membrane element 3, an air diffuser 10 connected to the blower 8 via an air supply pipe 9 is provided, and at the bottom of the aeration tank 1, an excess sludge extraction pipe 12 provided with a pump 11 is provided. Has been.
【０００３】上記した汚水処理装置において、被処理水
供給管２より被処理水を曝気槽１内に導入して槽内の好
気性菌を主体とする活性汚泥と混合し、ブロワ８より散
気装置１０を通じて酸素を含む気体を気泡として散出さ
せる状態において、ポンプ７の自吸力を利用して膜エレ
メント３の膜体透過側を負圧とする。これにより、散出
した気泡によって槽内に気液混合流が生起され、被処理
水は、槽内を循環する状態において酸素の存在下に活性
汚泥の作用により浄化されつつ膜エレメント３によって
濾過され、濾液は濾液管６より槽外へ導かれる。このと
き、気液混合流が膜エレメント３，３間の鉛直方向通路
を通過することで膜エレメント３の膜面はある程度洗浄
されるが、膜分離装置４による濾過を間欠的に行うよう
にし、濾過停止中に、膜面に堆積した汚染物質を洗い流
している。In the sewage treatment apparatus described above, the treated water is introduced into the aeration tank 1 through the treated water supply pipe 2, mixed with activated sludge mainly containing aerobic bacteria in the tank, and then blown by the blower 8. In the state in which the gas containing oxygen is diffused as bubbles through the device 10, the self-priming force of the pump 7 is used to make the membrane element permeate side of the membrane element 3 a negative pressure. As a result, a gas-liquid mixed flow is generated in the tank by the dispersed bubbles, and the water to be treated is filtered by the membrane element 3 while being purified by the action of activated sludge in the presence of oxygen in the state of circulating in the tank. The filtrate is guided to the outside of the tank through the filtrate pipe 6. At this time, although the gas-liquid mixed flow passes through the vertical passages between the membrane elements 3 and 3, the membrane surface of the membrane element 3 is cleaned to some extent, but filtration by the membrane separation device 4 is performed intermittently, Contaminants deposited on the membrane surface are washed away while filtration is stopped.
【０００４】近年、上記した吸引濾過方式の汚水処理装
置以外に、図８に示したような重力濾過方式の汚水処理
装置が見られるようになった。重力濾過方式の汚水処理
装置は、膜エレメント３の膜透過側に連通する濾液管６
を、膜分離装置４の頂部より上方の適当位置において曝
気槽１の外部へ導き、膜分離装置４を浸漬状態に維持し
ながら、膜分離装置４の上部の自然水頭を駆動力として
重力濾過を行うようにしたものである。このような重力
濾過方式によれば、膜エレメント３の膜面に堆積したケ
ーキ層は緻密にならず、通常の運転状態において気液混
合流により除去されるので、間欠濾過を行うことなく連
続的に濾過を行える。In recent years, in addition to the suction filtration type sewage treatment apparatus described above, a gravity filtration type sewage treatment apparatus as shown in FIG. 8 has been found. The gravity filtration type sewage treatment apparatus has a filtrate pipe 6 communicating with the membrane permeation side of the membrane element 3.
Is guided to the outside of the aeration tank 1 at an appropriate position above the top of the membrane separation device 4, and while maintaining the membrane separation device 4 in a submerged state, gravity filtration is performed using the natural head of water above the membrane separation device 4 as a driving force. It's something that you do. According to such a gravity filtration method, the cake layer deposited on the membrane surface of the membrane element 3 is not densified and is removed by the gas-liquid mixed flow in a normal operating state, so that continuous filtration is not performed. It can be filtered.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記し
た従来の重力濾過方式の汚水処理装置では、ブロワ８の
故障や散気装置１０の閉塞等の原因により曝気が停止し
た時に、膜面を洗浄する気液混合流が停止し、膜エレメ
ント３，３間にケーキ層が堆積して濾過不能に至ること
がある。このような事態を防止するために、曝気停止を
検知できるようにし、曝気停止が検知された時に濾液管
６を電磁弁などで強制的に閉とする方法が採られている
が、電磁弁の信頼性は低く、濾過が継続されてしまうこ
とがある。However, in the above-mentioned conventional gravity filtration type sewage treatment apparatus, when the aeration is stopped due to a failure of the blower 8 or a blockage of the air diffuser 10, the membrane surface is washed. The gas-liquid mixed flow may stop, and a cake layer may be deposited between the membrane elements 3 and 3 and filtration may be impossible. In order to prevent such a situation, a method has been adopted in which the aeration stop can be detected and the filtrate pipe 6 is forcibly closed by a solenoid valve or the like when the aeration stop is detected. Unreliable, filtration may continue.
【０００６】また、重力濾過方式の汚水処理装置では、
図８に示したように、膜分離装置４の膜エレメント３よ
り低い位置に濾液を排出するようにしているため、濾液
を後続の処理装置へ移送したり放流する場合には別にポ
ンプが必要となり、シーケンス等が複雑となって、事故
やコストの面で問題がある。In the gravity filtration type sewage treatment apparatus,
As shown in FIG. 8, since the filtrate is discharged to a position lower than the membrane element 3 of the membrane separation device 4, a separate pump is required to transfer or discharge the filtrate to the subsequent treatment device. However, the sequence becomes complicated and there are problems in terms of accidents and costs.
【０００７】さらに、重力濾過方式の汚水処理装置で
は、膜分離装置４の透過流束は水頭によって決定される
ので、透過流束は曝気槽１へ流入した被処理水量に見合
ったものとなる。したがって、定流量運転（定透過流束
運転）を実施するためには、被処理水を一定流量で曝気
槽１へ移送する必要があるが、被処理水中には夾雑物が
含まれているので、その移送手段に種々の困難があるの
が現状である。Further, in the gravity filtration type sewage treatment apparatus, since the permeation flux of the membrane separation device 4 is determined by the head of the water, the permeation flux is commensurate with the amount of water to be treated flowing into the aeration tank 1. Therefore, in order to carry out the constant flow rate operation (constant permeation flux operation), it is necessary to transfer the water to be treated to the aeration tank 1 at a constant flow rate, but since the water to be treated contains impurities. At present, there are various difficulties in the transfer means.
【０００８】本発明は上記問題を解決するもので、濾過
水頭に関わりなく定流量濾過を行えるとともに濾液を容
易に移送でき、かつ、膜分離装置の閉塞を防止できる汚
水処理装置を提供することを目的とするものである。The present invention solves the above problems and provides a sewage treatment apparatus capable of performing constant flow rate filtration regardless of the filtration head, easily transferring the filtrate, and preventing clogging of the membrane separation apparatus. It is intended.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記問題を解決するため
に、本発明の汚水処理装置は、被処理水供給管より導入
された被処理水を処理する曝気槽の内部に、槽内の自然
水頭を駆動圧として被処理水を重力濾過する膜分離装置
を設け、この膜分離装置の直下に散気装置を配設した汚
水処理装置において、前記膜分離装置の透過液流路に連
通する濾液管を設け、前記膜分離装置の頂部より上方の
適当位置で前記濾液管に連通する密閉構造の濾液室を設
け、前記濾液室の下部に一端が接続する排液管を他端を
上方へ導いて設け、前記濾液室と排液管とを前記排液管
の一端の接続位置より上方において連通させるＵ字管を
設け、前記濾液室の上部に接続して濾液室の内部に空気
を送入する空気送入手段を設け、前記濾液管に逆流防止
機構を介装したものである。In order to solve the above problems, the sewage treatment apparatus of the present invention is provided with an internal aeration tank for treating the treated water introduced from the treated water supply pipe. A sewage treatment apparatus in which a membrane separator for gravity-filtering the water to be treated is provided with the head of water as a driving pressure, and an air diffuser is arranged immediately below the membrane separator, and a filtrate communicating with the permeate flow path of the membrane separator. A pipe is provided, and a filtrate chamber having a closed structure that communicates with the filtrate pipe is provided at an appropriate position above the top of the membrane separation device, and a drain pipe whose one end is connected to the lower portion of the filtrate chamber is guided to the other end upward. A U-shaped pipe for communicating the filtrate chamber and the drainage pipe above the connection position of one end of the drainage pipe, and connecting the upper part of the filtrate chamber to feed air into the inside of the filtrate chamber. A means for introducing air is provided, and a backflow prevention mechanism is provided in the filtrate pipe. It is.
【００１０】また、本発明の汚水処理装置は、散気装置
と空気送入手段とに対して空気を供給する給気手段を設
けたものである。Further, the sewage treatment apparatus of the present invention is provided with air supply means for supplying air to the air diffuser and the air feeding means.
【００１１】[0011]
【作用】上記構成により、曝気槽内の被処理水は槽内の
自然水頭を駆動圧として膜分離装置により重力濾過さ
れ、濾液は濾液管を通じて濾液室に導かれる。濾液室内
に導入された濾液は、逆流防止機構の作用により膜分離
装置側へ逆流することなく排出される。With the above structure, the water to be treated in the aeration tank is gravity-filtered by the membrane separation device by using the natural head of the tank as a driving pressure, and the filtrate is introduced into the filtrate chamber through the filtrate pipe. The filtrate introduced into the filtrate chamber is discharged without flowing back to the membrane separation device side by the action of the backflow prevention mechanism.
【００１２】このとき、濾液室で、空気送入手段により
上部から空気が送入される状態において、濾液の水位が
Ｕ字管の連通位置を越えるまでは、Ｕ字管内に残留する
空気によりＵ字管と排液管との間の濾液の連通が断たれ
ているため、送入された空気がＵ字管、排液管を通って
流出し、濾液は濾液室内に貯留される。At this time, in the filtrate chamber, in a state where the air is fed from the upper portion by the air feeding means, until the water level of the filtrate exceeds the communication position of the U-shaped tube, the air remaining in the U-shaped tube causes U Since the communication of the filtrate between the character pipe and the drainage pipe is cut off, the introduced air flows out through the U-shaped pipe and the drainage pipe, and the filtrate is stored in the filtrate chamber.
【００１３】濾液の水位がＵ字管の連通位置を越えた後
は、濾液室とＵ字管と排液管との間で濾液が連通状態と
なるため、送入された空気は濾液室内の上部に貯留さ
れ、その空気圧によって濾液が排液管より排出される。
このとき、濾液室内の圧力上昇によって、逆流防止機構
の作用により濾液の導入が停止される。濾液が排出され
るに伴い濾液の水位が低下するが、Ｕ字管と排液管との
間の濾液の連通が維持されている間は、送入された空気
は室内の上部に貯留され、その空気圧によって濾液が排
出される。After the water level of the filtrate exceeds the communication position of the U-shaped pipe, the filtrate is in the communication state between the filtrate chamber, the U-shaped pipe and the drainage pipe, so that the introduced air is in the filtrate chamber. The filtrate is stored in the upper part, and the air pressure causes the filtrate to be discharged from the drain pipe.
At this time, the rise of the pressure in the filtrate chamber stops the introduction of the filtrate due to the action of the backflow prevention mechanism. The water level of the filtrate decreases as the filtrate is discharged, but while the communication of the filtrate between the U-shaped pipe and the drainage pipe is maintained, the introduced air is stored in the upper part of the room, The air pressure discharges the filtrate.
【００１４】そして、濾液の水位がＵ字管の底部まで低
下したときに、Ｕ字管内に空気が流入してＵ字管と排液
管との間の濾液の連通が断たれ、濾液の排出が停止され
る。そして、送入された空気がＵ字管、排液管を通って
流出し、このときの濾液室内の圧力低下によって、逆流
防止機構の作用による濾液導入停止は解除され、濾液が
濾液室へ導入される。Then, when the water level of the filtrate drops to the bottom of the U-shaped tube, air flows into the U-shaped tube, disconnecting the communication of the filtrate between the U-shaped tube and the drainage tube, and discharging the filtrate. Is stopped. Then, the introduced air flows out through the U-shaped pipe and the drainage pipe, and the pressure drop in the filtrate chamber at this time cancels the stoppage of the introduction of the filtrate due to the action of the backflow prevention mechanism, and the filtrate is introduced into the filtrate chamber. To be done.
【００１５】このようにして、濾液室内に一定量の濾液
が溜まった時に濾液が排出されるため、膜分離装置によ
る濾過も間欠的なものとなり、膜面へのケーキ層の堆積
は防止される。これにより、膜分離装置の閉塞は防止さ
れる。In this way, when a certain amount of filtrate is collected in the filtrate chamber, the filtrate is discharged, so that the filtration by the membrane separation device is also intermittent, and the accumulation of the cake layer on the membrane surface is prevented. . This prevents clogging of the membrane separation device.
【００１６】このとき、一定量の空気を濾液室に送入す
ることによって一定流量の濾液を排出できるので、曝気
槽内の自然水頭に関係なく定流量濾過（一定の透過流束
での濾過）を行える。At this time, since a constant flow rate of the filtrate can be discharged by sending a constant amount of air into the filtrate chamber, constant flow rate filtration (filtering with a constant permeation flux) regardless of the natural head of water in the aeration tank. Can be done.
【００１７】また、空気圧によって濾液を排出する仕組
みであるため、エアリフトポンプを用いる従来の方式に
比較して移送のための揚程を高くとることができ、定量
移送が可能になる。Further, since the filtrate is discharged by the air pressure, the lift for transfer can be set higher than that of the conventional method using the air lift pump, and the fixed quantity transfer can be performed.
【００１８】さらに、散気装置と空気送入手段とに対し
て単一の給気手段により空気が供給されるため、給気手
段が停止して散気装置による気液混合流が生起されなく
なったときは、濾液室からの濾液排出も行われず、濾過
は停止される。これによっても、膜分離装置の閉塞が防
止される。Furthermore, since air is supplied to the air diffuser and the air feed means by a single air supply means, the air supply means stops and a gas-liquid mixed flow by the air diffuser does not occur. In that case, the filtrate is not discharged from the filtrate chamber, and the filtration is stopped. This also prevents clogging of the membrane separation device.
【００１９】[0019]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照しながら
説明する。図１は本発明の一実施例の汚水処理装置の全
体構成を示し、汚水処理装置は曝気槽２１の内部に膜分
離装置２２を設け、曝気槽２１内の上部に密閉構造の濾
液室２３を設けている。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of a sewage treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The sewage treatment apparatus is provided with a membrane separation device 22 inside an aeration tank 21 and a filtrate chamber 23 having a closed structure at the upper part of the aeration tank 21. It is provided.
【００２０】曝気槽２１は、被処理水供給管２４から供
給される被処理水を槽内の活性汚泥混合液２５と混合し
て生物学的に浄化処理を行うものであり、底部に汚泥引
抜ポンプ２６を介装した汚泥引抜管２７を設けている。The aeration tank 21 mixes the water to be treated supplied from the treated water supply pipe 24 with the activated sludge mixed solution 25 in the tank to perform biological purification treatment, and sludge is drawn to the bottom. A sludge drawing pipe 27 having a pump 26 is provided.
【００２１】膜分離装置２２は、上下両面が開放された
方形の箱枠２８の内部に上下方向の膜エレメント２９を
一定間隔をおいて並列にかつその頂部を活性汚泥混合液
２５中に水没せしめて配置してなり、槽内の自然水頭を
駆動圧として活性汚泥混合液２５を重力濾過するように
構成されている。膜エレメント２９は、ステンレス鋼や
プラスチック等で形成した平板状の膜支持体の両表面に
有機濾過膜を配置し、有機濾過膜と膜支持体との間に濾
過処理水流路を形成しており、濾過処理水流路を濾液管
３０に連通させている。The membrane separation device 22 comprises a rectangular box frame 28 whose upper and lower surfaces are open, with vertical membrane elements 29 arranged in parallel at regular intervals and the top of which is submerged in the activated sludge mixed solution 25. The activated sludge mixed liquid 25 is gravity-filtered by using the natural water head in the tank as a driving pressure. In the membrane element 29, organic filtration membranes are arranged on both surfaces of a flat plate-shaped membrane support made of stainless steel, plastic or the like, and a filtration-treated water channel is formed between the organic filtration membrane and the membrane support. The flow path of the filtered water is connected to the filtrate pipe 30.
【００２２】濾液管３０は、濾液ヘッダー３１を介して
膜エレメント２９の頂部より上方の適当位置において濾
液室２３に連通しており、濾液ヘッダー３１と濾液室２
３との間に逆流防止弁３２を介装している。The filtrate pipe 30 communicates with the filtrate chamber 23 at a suitable position above the top of the membrane element 29 via the filtrate header 31, and the filtrate header 31 and the filtrate chamber 2 are connected.
A check valve 32 is provided between the check valve 3 and the check valve 3.
【００２３】濾液室２３は底部に排液管３３を設けてお
り、排液管３３の端部は上方へ導かれた後に処理室２１
の外部へ導かれている。排液管３３の濾液室２３への接
続位置より上方には、濾液室２３と排液管３３とを連通
させるＵ字管３４が設けられている。The filtrate chamber 23 is provided with a drainage pipe 33 at the bottom, and the end portion of the drainage pipe 33 is guided to the upper side, and then the treatment chamber 21.
Being led to the outside of. A U-shaped pipe 34 that connects the filtrate chamber 23 and the drainage pipe 33 is provided above the connection position of the drainage pipe 33 to the filtrate chamber 23.
【００２４】曝気槽２１は室外にブロワ３５を備えてお
り、ブロワ３５からの給気管３６の一方の分岐管３６ａ
は、膜エレメント２９の直下に配設した散気装置３７に
接続し、給気管３６の他方の分岐管３６ｂは、流量調節
弁３８と流量計３９とを介装して濾液室２３の上部に接
続している。The aeration tank 21 is provided with a blower 35 outside the room, and one branch pipe 36a of the air supply pipe 36 from the blower 35 is provided.
Is connected to an air diffuser 37 disposed directly below the membrane element 29, and the other branch pipe 36b of the air supply pipe 36 is provided above the filtrate chamber 23 with a flow rate control valve 38 and a flow meter 39 interposed. Connected.
【００２５】以下、上記構成における作用を説明する。
被処理水供給管２４より曝気槽２１の内部に導入された
被処理水は、槽内の活性汚泥混合液２５と混合され、ブ
ロワ３５より給気管３６ａ、散気装置３７を通じて曝気
空気が供給される好気的条件下、曝気空気により生起さ
れた気液混合流により攪拌されつつ、槽内の活性汚泥の
作用によって生物学的に処理され、被処理水中に含まれ
る有機物や窒素分は分解除去される。The operation of the above structure will be described below.
The treated water introduced into the inside of the aeration tank 21 through the treated water supply pipe 24 is mixed with the activated sludge mixed solution 25 in the tank, and aeration air is supplied from the blower 35 through the air supply pipe 36a and the air diffuser 37. Under aerobic conditions, while being agitated by the gas-liquid mixed flow generated by aerated air, it is biologically treated by the action of activated sludge in the tank and decomposes and removes organic matter and nitrogen contained in the water to be treated. To be done.
【００２６】このとき、曝気槽２１内の活性汚泥混合液
２５は槽内の自然水頭を駆動圧として膜分離装置２２に
より重力濾過され、濾液は濾液管３０、濾液ヘッダー３
１を通じて濾液室２３に導かれる。濾液室２３には、ブ
ロワ３５より給気管３６ｂを通じて上部から空気が送入
される。At this time, the activated sludge mixed solution 25 in the aeration tank 21 is gravity filtered by the membrane separation device 22 by using the natural head of the tank as a driving pressure, and the filtrate is the filtrate pipe 30 and the filtrate header 3.
1 to the filtrate chamber 23. Air is introduced into the filtrate chamber 23 from the blower 35 through the air supply pipe 36b from above.
【００２７】濾液室２３における動作を図２〜図５にも
とづき説明する。図２に示したように、濾液室２３内の
濾液の水位がＵ字管３４の連通位置Ｈに達するまでは、
Ｕ字管３４内に残留する空気によってＵ字管３４と排液
管３３との間の濾液の連通が断たれており、送入された
空気がＵ字管３４、排液管３３を通って流出し、濾液は
濾液管３０の逆流防止弁３２が開かれた状態において室
内に流入して貯留される。The operation of the filtrate chamber 23 will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, until the water level of the filtrate in the filtrate chamber 23 reaches the communication position H of the U-shaped pipe 34,
The communication of the filtrate between the U-shaped pipe 34 and the drainage pipe 33 is cut off by the air remaining in the U-shaped pipe 34, and the introduced air passes through the U-shaped pipe 34 and the drainage pipe 33. The filtrate flows out, and the filtrate flows into and is stored in the chamber with the check valve 32 of the filtrate pipe 30 opened.
【００２８】図３に示したように、濾液の水位がＵ字管
３４の連通位置Ｈに達すると、濾液室２３とＵ字管３４
と排液管３３との間で濾液が連通状態となるため、送入
された空気は室内の上部に貯留され、その空気圧により
濾液が圧せられる。これにより、逆流防止弁３２が開じ
られて濾液の導入が停止され、室内の空気圧が上昇する
にしたがって、図４に示したように、排液管３３より濾
液が排出される。濾液が排出されると濾液室２３内の濾
液の水位が低下するが、Ｕ字管３４と排液管３３との間
の濾液の連通が維持されている間は、送入された空気は
室内の上部に貯留され、その空気圧によって濾液が排出
される。As shown in FIG. 3, when the water level of the filtrate reaches the communication position H of the U-shaped pipe 34, the filtrate chamber 23 and the U-shaped pipe 34 are connected.
Since the filtrate is in a communication state between the drain pipe 33 and the drainage pipe 33, the introduced air is stored in the upper part of the room, and the filtrate is pressed by the air pressure. As a result, the check valve 32 is opened, the introduction of the filtrate is stopped, and the filtrate is discharged from the drainage pipe 33 as shown in FIG. 4 as the air pressure in the room rises. When the filtrate is discharged, the water level of the filtrate in the filtrate chamber 23 lowers, but while the communication of the filtrate between the U-shaped pipe 34 and the drainage pipe 33 is maintained, the introduced air is indoors. Is stored in the upper part of the filter, and the air pressure discharges the filtrate.
【００２９】図５に示したように、濾液の水位がＵ字管
３４の底部位置Ｌより下方まで低下すると、Ｕ字管３４
内に空気が流入してＵ字管３４と排液管３３との間の濾
液の連通が断たれ、濾液の排出は停止される。そして、
送入された空気がＵ字管３４、排液管３３を通って流出
し、このときの濾液室２３内の圧力低下によって濾液管
３０の逆流防止弁３２が開かれ、図２に示したのと同様
にして、濾液室２３への濾液導入が行われる。As shown in FIG. 5, when the water level of the filtrate drops below the bottom position L of the U-shaped tube 34, the U-shaped tube 34
Air flows into the inside, the communication of the filtrate between the U-shaped pipe 34 and the drainage pipe 33 is cut off, and the discharge of the filtrate is stopped. And
The introduced air flows out through the U-shaped pipe 34 and the drainage pipe 33, and the backflow prevention valve 32 of the filtrate pipe 30 is opened due to the pressure drop in the filtrate chamber 23 at this time, as shown in FIG. The filtrate is introduced into the filtrate chamber 23 in the same manner as in.
【００３０】このとき、流量調節弁３８と流量計３９と
によって所望の透過流束に相当する一定量の空気を濾液
室２３内に送入するようにすれば、濾液室２３から一定
流量の濾液が排出されるので、曝気槽２１内の自然水頭
に関係なく定流量濾過（一定の透過流束での濾過）を行
える。At this time, if a fixed amount of air corresponding to a desired permeation flux is fed into the filtrate chamber 23 by the flow rate control valve 38 and the flow meter 39, the filtrate of constant flow rate from the filtrate chamber 23 can be obtained. Since the water is discharged, constant flow rate filtration (filtration with a constant permeation flux) can be performed regardless of the natural head of water in the aeration tank 21.
【００３１】また、上記したように、濾液室２３内に一
定量の濾液が溜った時に濾液を排出し、排出終了後に膜
分離装置２２により濾過された濾液が濾液室２３に導か
れるため、タイマー等の電気的な仕組みを用いることな
く膜分離装置２２により間欠濾過が行われる。したがっ
て、これにより、膜面へのケーキ層の堆積を防止して、
透過流束の安定を図れるとともに、濾過不能に至る事態
を防止できる。なお、濾液室２３が小さいほど短時間の
うちに一定量の濾液が溜まって濾過停止されるので、濾
液室２３を小さなものとすれば、散気装置３７の閉塞な
どで曝気停止が生じたときも膜面にはわずかなケーキ層
しか堆積せず、短時間に形成されたケーキ層は曝気再開
時に気液混合流によって容易に剥離できる。Further, as described above, the filtrate is discharged when a certain amount of the filtrate is accumulated in the filtrate chamber 23, and the filtrate filtered by the membrane separation device 22 is guided to the filtrate chamber 23 after the discharge is completed. Intermittent filtration is performed by the membrane separation device 22 without using an electrical mechanism such as. Therefore, this prevents the cake layer from accumulating on the film surface,
It is possible to stabilize the permeation flux and prevent a situation where filtration cannot be performed. It should be noted that the smaller the filtrate chamber 23 is, the more a certain amount of filtrate is accumulated and the filtration is stopped in a shorter time. Therefore, if the filtrate chamber 23 is made small, when the aeration stop occurs due to the clogging of the air diffuser 37 or the like. However, only a small cake layer is deposited on the film surface, and the cake layer formed in a short time can be easily separated by the gas-liquid mixed flow when aeration is restarted.
【００３２】また、ブロワ３５によって散気装置３７と
濾液室２３の両者への空気の供給を行うようにしたた
め、ブロワ３５が停止して散気装置３７による気液混合
流が生起されなくなったときは、濾液室２３からの濾液
排出は行われず、濾過も停止される。したがって、これ
によっても、濾過不能に至る事態を防止できる。Further, since the blower 35 is used to supply air to both the air diffuser 37 and the filtrate chamber 23, when the blower 35 is stopped and the gas diffuser 37 no longer produces a gas-liquid mixed flow. , The filtrate is not discharged from the filtrate chamber 23, and the filtration is stopped. Therefore, also by this, it is possible to prevent a situation in which filtration cannot be performed.
【００３３】さらに、濾液室２３内の濾液を空気圧によ
って排出する仕組みであるため、エアリフトポンプを用
いる従来の方式に比較して移送のための揚程を高くとる
ことができ、ポンプや複雑なシーケンス等を用いること
なく後続の処理装置などへ濾液を定量移送できる。Further, since the filtrate in the filtrate chamber 23 is discharged by air pressure, the lift for transfer can be set higher than that of the conventional method using the air lift pump, and the pump, the complicated sequence, etc. The filtrate can be quantitatively transferred to a subsequent processing device without using the.
【００３４】なお、上記したように、濾液室２３内への
空気送入量を調節することによって濾液室２３へ導かれ
る濾液量を調節でき、かつ膜分離装置４の膜面の汚れを
防止して濾過抵抗の変化を抑制できるので、曝気槽１内
の被処理水量の変動を防止して、生物処理の運転条件を
一定に維持することもできる。As described above, the amount of filtrate introduced into the filtrate chamber 23 can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of air introduced into the filtrate chamber 23, and the membrane surface of the membrane separation device 4 can be prevented from being contaminated. Since the change in the filtration resistance can be suppressed, the fluctuation of the amount of water to be treated in the aeration tank 1 can be prevented and the operating condition of the biological treatment can be kept constant.
【００３５】図６は本発明の他の実施例の汚水処理装置
の全体構成を示す。この実施例の汚水処理装置は上記し
た実施例の汚水処理装置とほぼ同じ構成なので、同様の
作用を有する部材に同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。FIG. 6 shows the overall construction of a wastewater treatment system according to another embodiment of the present invention. Since the sewage treatment apparatus of this embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the sewage treatment apparatus of the above-described embodiments, members having the same operation will be assigned the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
【００３６】この汚水処理装置が上記した実施例の汚水
処理装置と異なるのは、濾液室２３を曝気槽２１の外部
に設けた点である。この構成によっても、上記した汚水
処理装置と同じ作用効果が得られる。This sewage treatment apparatus differs from the sewage treatment apparatus of the above-mentioned embodiment in that the filtrate chamber 23 is provided outside the aeration tank 21. With this configuration as well, the same operational effects as the above-described wastewater treatment device can be obtained.
【００３７】なお、曝気槽２１の内部に設ける膜分離装
置２２としては、平板状膜エレメント、管状膜エレメン
トなど種々の膜エレメントを配設したものを用いること
ができる。ブロワ３５は、上記したように１台で兼用す
ることなく別個に設けてもよい。As the membrane separation device 22 provided inside the aeration tank 21, various membrane elements such as a flat plate membrane element and a tubular membrane element can be used. The blower 35 may be provided separately without being used as one unit as described above.
【００３８】[0038]
【発明の効果】以上のように、本発明の汚水処理装置
は、曝気槽内の被処理水を槽内の自然水頭を駆動圧とし
て膜分離装置により重力濾過し、濾液を密閉構造の濾液
室に導いて空気を送入することにより、一定量溜った濾
液を空気圧によって排出し、排出終了後、濾液室内の空
気圧の低下を利用して新たな濾液を室内に導くようにし
たものである。このように、濾液室からの濾液の排出と
濾液室への濾液の導入とを順次行う仕組みであるため、
膜分離装置による濾過も間欠的なものとなり、タイマー
等の電気的な仕組みを用いることなく間欠濾過を行っ
て、透過流束の安定および膜分離装置の閉塞防止を図れ
る。また、所望の透過流束に相当する一定量の空気を濾
液室に送入することで一定流量の濾液を排出でき、曝気
槽内の自然水頭に関係なく定流量濾過を達成できる。さ
らに、空気圧によって濾液を排出する仕組みであるた
め、エアリフトポンプを用いる従来の方式に比較して移
送のための揚程を高くとることができ、定量移送が可能
になる。As described above, in the wastewater treatment apparatus of the present invention, the water to be treated in the aeration tank is gravity-filtered by the membrane separation device using the natural head of the tank as a driving pressure, and the filtrate is a filtrate chamber having a closed structure. By introducing air into the chamber to discharge air, a fixed amount of the filtrate is discharged by air pressure, and after the discharge is completed, a new filtrate is introduced into the chamber by utilizing the decrease in the air pressure in the filtrate chamber. In this way, because of the mechanism of discharging the filtrate from the filtrate chamber and introducing the filtrate into the filtrate chamber sequentially,
Filtration by the membrane separation device is also intermittent, and intermittent filtration can be performed without using an electrical mechanism such as a timer to stabilize the permeation flux and prevent clogging of the membrane separation device. Further, a constant amount of air corresponding to a desired permeation flux can be sent into the filtrate chamber to discharge a constant flow rate of the filtrate, and constant flow rate filtration can be achieved regardless of the natural head of water in the aeration tank. Further, since the filtrate is discharged by the air pressure, the lift for the transfer can be set higher than that of the conventional method using the air lift pump, and the quantitative transfer becomes possible.
【００３９】また、散気装置と空気送入手段とに対して
単一の給気手段により空気を供給するようにしたため、
給気手段が停止して散気装置による気液混合流が生起さ
れなくなったときは、濾液室からの濾液排出を停止して
膜分離装置による濾過を停止でき、これによっても、膜
分離装置の閉塞を防止できる。Further, since the air diffuser and the air feeding means are supplied with air by a single air supply means,
When the air supply means is stopped and the gas-liquid mixed flow by the air diffuser is no longer generated, the discharge of the filtrate from the filtrate chamber can be stopped and the filtration by the membrane separation device can be stopped. Blockage can be prevented.
【図１】本発明の一実施例の汚水処理装置の全体構成を
示した説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an overall configuration of a sewage treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】図１の汚水処理装置における濾液排出動作を説
明する断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a filtrate discharge operation in the wastewater treatment device of FIG.
【図３】同、濾液排出動作を説明する他の断面図であ
る。FIG. 3 is another cross-sectional view explaining the operation of discharging the filtrate.
【図４】同、濾液排出動作を説明するさらに他の断面図
である。FIG. 4 is still another cross-sectional view explaining the filtrate discharging operation.
【図５】同、濾液排出動作を説明するさらに他の断面図
である。FIG. 5 is still another cross-sectional view explaining the filtrate discharging operation.
【図６】本発明の他の実施例の汚水処理装置の全体構成
を示した説明図である。FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the overall configuration of a sewage treatment apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】従来の汚水処理装置の全体構成を示した説明図
である。FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the overall configuration of a conventional sewage treatment apparatus.
【図８】従来の他の汚水処理装置の全体構成を示した説
明図である。FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an overall configuration of another conventional wastewater treatment device.
21 曝気槽 22 膜分離装置 23 濾液室 24 被処理水供給管 30 濾液管 32 逆流防止弁 33 排液管 34 Ｕ字管 35 ブロワ 37 散気装置 21 Aeration tank 22 Membrane separation device 23 Filtrate chamber 24 Treated water supply pipe 30 Filtrate pipe 32 Backflow prevention valve 33 Drain pipe 34 U-shaped pipe 35 Blower 37 Air diffuser
Claims (2)
を処理する曝気槽の内部に、槽内の自然水頭を駆動圧と
して被処理水を重力濾過する膜分離装置を設け、この膜
分離装置の直下に散気装置を配設した汚水処理装置にお
いて、前記膜分離装置の透過液流路に連通する濾液管を
設け、前記膜分離装置の頂部より上方の適当位置で前記
濾液管に連通する密閉構造の濾液室を設け、前記濾液室
の下部に一端が接続する排液管を他端を上方へ導いて設
け、前記濾液室と排液管とを前記排液管の一端の接続位
置より上方において連通させるＵ字管を設け、前記濾液
室の上部に接続して濾液室の内部に空気を送入する空気
送入手段を設け、前記濾液管に逆流防止機構を介装した
ことを特徴とする汚水処理装置。1. A membrane separation device for gravity-filtering the water to be treated is provided inside an aeration tank for treating the water to be treated introduced from a treated water supply pipe, using the natural head of the tank as a driving pressure. In a sewage treatment apparatus in which an air diffuser is arranged immediately below the separation device, a filtrate pipe communicating with the permeate flow path of the membrane separation device is provided, and the filtrate pipe is provided at an appropriate position above the top of the membrane separation device. A filtrate chamber having a closed structure which communicates is provided, and a drain pipe having one end connected to the lower portion of the filtrate chamber is provided by guiding the other end upward, and the filtrate chamber and the drain pipe are connected to one end of the drain pipe. A U-shaped tube communicating above the position is provided, and an air feeding means for feeding air into the inside of the filtrate chamber connected to the upper portion of the filtrate chamber is provided, and a backflow preventing mechanism is provided in the filtrate tube. Sewage treatment equipment characterized by.
を供給する給気手段を設けたことを特徴とする請求項１
記載の汚水処理装置。2. An air supply means for supplying air to the air diffuser and the air feeding means is provided.
Sewage treatment device described.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28574894A JP3124197B2 (en) | 1994-11-21 | 1994-11-21 | Sewage treatment equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28574894A JP3124197B2 (en) | 1994-11-21 | 1994-11-21 | Sewage treatment equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08141566A true JPH08141566A (en) | 1996-06-04 |
| JP3124197B2 JP3124197B2 (en) | 2001-01-15 |
Family
ID=17695546
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28574894A Expired - Fee Related JP3124197B2 (en) | 1994-11-21 | 1994-11-21 | Sewage treatment equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3124197B2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008253901A (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-23 | Hitachi Housetec Co Ltd | Solid-liquid separator and water treatment apparatus equipped with it |
| US8876089B2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2014-11-04 | Zenon Technology Partnership | Method and apparatus to keep an aerator full of air |
| US9358505B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2016-06-07 | General Electric Company | Gas sparger for an immersed membrane |
| US9364805B2 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2016-06-14 | General Electric Company | Integrated gas sparger for an immersed membrane |
| US9463419B2 (en) | 2012-01-09 | 2016-10-11 | General Electric Company | Pulse aeration for immersed membranes |
-
1994
- 1994-11-21 JP JP28574894A patent/JP3124197B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008253901A (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-23 | Hitachi Housetec Co Ltd | Solid-liquid separator and water treatment apparatus equipped with it |
| US9358505B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2016-06-07 | General Electric Company | Gas sparger for an immersed membrane |
| US9433903B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2016-09-06 | Zenon Technology Partnership | Gas sparger for a filtering membrane |
| US10471393B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2019-11-12 | Bl Technologies, Inc. | Gas sparger for an immersed membrane |
| US11219866B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2022-01-11 | Bl Technologies, Inc. | Gas sparger for an immersed membrane |
| US9364805B2 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2016-06-14 | General Electric Company | Integrated gas sparger for an immersed membrane |
| US10173175B2 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2019-01-08 | Bl Technologies, Inc. | Integrated gas sparger for an immersed membrane |
| US8876089B2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2014-11-04 | Zenon Technology Partnership | Method and apparatus to keep an aerator full of air |
| US9463419B2 (en) | 2012-01-09 | 2016-10-11 | General Electric Company | Pulse aeration for immersed membranes |
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| JP3124197B2 (en) | 2001-01-15 |
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