JPH08121617A - Ceramics sliding material and sliding device using the same - Google Patents
Ceramics sliding material and sliding device using the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08121617A JPH08121617A JP25792994A JP25792994A JPH08121617A JP H08121617 A JPH08121617 A JP H08121617A JP 25792994 A JP25792994 A JP 25792994A JP 25792994 A JP25792994 A JP 25792994A JP H08121617 A JPH08121617 A JP H08121617A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sliding
- lubricant
- oil
- sliding member
- ceramic body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Sliding Valves (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明はバルブ、メカニカルシー
ル、スライダーなどの摺動部材に関し、特に多孔質セラ
ミック体の開気孔中に潤滑材を含浸した摺動部材に関す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sliding member such as a valve, a mechanical seal or a slider, and more particularly to a sliding member having a porous ceramic body impregnated with a lubricant.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】バルブ本体内に収納した固定弁体に対
し、可動弁体を操作レバーの操作によって摺接した状態
で相対移動させることにより、流体の通路の開閉、切り
替え、調節、混合等の制御を行わしめるようにしたバル
ブは、既に数多くのものが提案されている。2. Description of the Related Art By moving a movable valve body relative to a fixed valve body housed in a valve body in a state of sliding contact by operating an operating lever, it is possible to open, close, switch, adjust, mix, etc. fluid passages. Many valves that have been designed to be controlled have already been proposed.
【0003】例えば、図4(A)に示されるように、固
定弁体30と可動弁体20を互いの摺接面21、31で
接した状態としておいて、図4(B)に示すようにレバ
ー40の操作で可動弁体20を動かすことによって、互
いの弁体に形成した流体通路22、32の開閉を行い、
供給流体の開閉、調整などの制御をするようなバルブが
ある。For example, as shown in FIG. 4 (A), the fixed valve body 30 and the movable valve body 20 are in contact with each other at their sliding contact surfaces 21 and 31, and as shown in FIG. 4 (B). By moving the movable valve body 20 by operating the lever 40, the fluid passages 22 and 32 formed in the valve bodies are opened and closed,
There is a valve that controls the opening / closing and adjustment of the supply fluid.
【0004】そして、このようなフォーセットバルブに
対して、次のような要求がある。And, there is the following demand for such a forset valve.
【0005】固定弁体30と可動弁体20が凝着する
ことなく、常に操作レバーによる操作が軽く行え、そし
て操作に要する力が変化しないこと。The fixed valve body 30 and the movable valve body 20 do not adhere to each other, and the operation lever can always be operated lightly, and the force required for the operation does not change.
【0006】操作時に、不快な異音を発することのな
いこと。No unpleasant noise is generated during operation.
【0007】当然のことながら、水に対する汚染やバ
ルブ材質の摩耗粉などの流出がないこと。As a matter of course, there should be no contamination of water or outflow of wear powder of valve material.
【0008】ところで、一般にセラミックスは優れた耐
摩耗性や耐食性を備えていることから、上記フォーセッ
トバルブの可動弁体20、固定弁体30として用いられ
ているが、反面、セラミックスは自己潤滑性に劣る場合
が多い。By the way, since ceramics generally have excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, they are used as the movable valve body 20 and the fixed valve body 30 of the above-mentioned Faucet valve. On the other hand, ceramics are self-lubricating. Is often inferior to.
【0009】そこで、潤滑性の改善を図り、前述のよう
な軽快なレバーの操作力を得るために、摺接面21、3
1にシリコーングリスを塗布した状態で使う方法が一般
に採られている。ところが、緻密なセラミックスの摺接
面21、31にグリスを塗布しただけでは数千回程の使
用でグリスの流出がみられ、これにともない操作力が上
昇していき、しまいには弁体同士が凝着してしまうな
ど、耐久性に乏しいものとなってしまっていた。Therefore, in order to improve the lubricity and to obtain the light lever operating force as described above, the sliding contact surfaces 21, 3 are
Generally, a method of using silicone grease applied to No. 1 is used. However, if grease is simply applied to the sliding surfaces 21 and 31 of the dense ceramics, the grease is leaked after being used several thousand times, and the operating force is increased accordingly. It had poor durability such as adhesion.
【0010】そこで、このような問題を改善する手段と
して、特公昭58−161982号公報に「含フッ素重
合体をセラミックスに結合させたセラミックス複合体」
に係わる発明が、特公平2−51864号公報に「β型
SiC質の摺動部材」に係わる発明が、特公平2−28
548号公報に「3次元網目構造SiC質の摺動部材」
に係わる発明が、特公平3−1274号公報に「網目構
造SiCにスピンドル油を含浸した摺動部材」に係わる
発明が、特公平3−4511号公報に「実質的に収縮し
ないSiCに合成樹脂を含浸した摺動部材」に係わる発
明が、特公平4−69118号公報に「3次元網目構造
のセラミック多孔体にフッ素系オイルを含浸した摺動部
材」に係わる発明が、特公平5−18790号公報に
「3次元網目構造の多孔質酸化物セラミックに合成樹脂
を充填した摺動部材」に係わる発明が、特公平4−56
908号公報に「3次元網目構造のセラミック多孔体に
フッ素系・シリコーン系樹脂を含浸した摺動部材」に係
わる発明が、それぞれ開示され、多孔質セラミック体の
気孔中に樹脂等の潤滑剤を含浸させた摺動部材が提案さ
れている。Therefore, as a means for improving such problems, Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-161982 discloses "Ceramics composite in which fluoropolymer is bonded to ceramics".
The invention relating to “Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-51864” discloses an invention relating to “β-type SiC quality sliding member” in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 2-28.
No. 548, “Slid member made of SiC having a three-dimensional mesh structure”
The invention relating to JP-B-3-1274 discloses an invention relating to "a sliding member obtained by impregnating a mesh structure SiC with spindle oil", and an invention relating to JP-A-3-4511 discloses a synthetic resin for SiC that does not substantially shrink. The invention relating to the "sliding member impregnated with" is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-69118, and the invention relating to "a sliding member obtained by impregnating a ceramic porous body having a three-dimensional network structure with fluorine oil" is disclosed in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 5-18790. Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-56 discloses an invention relating to "a sliding member obtained by filling a synthetic resin in a porous oxide ceramic having a three-dimensional mesh structure".
The inventions relating to "a sliding member obtained by impregnating a ceramic porous body having a three-dimensional mesh structure with a fluorine-based / silicone-based resin" are disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 908, respectively, and a lubricant such as a resin is provided in the pores of the porous ceramic body. Impregnated sliding members have been proposed.
【0011】また、以上のような液体潤滑剤を使ったも
の以外にも、固体潤滑剤を使ったものとして、特開平1
−261570号公報に「摺動面にダイヤモンド状カー
ボン薄膜を形成したメカニカルシール」に係わる発明
が、特公平3−223190号公報に「アモルファスダ
イヤモンド薄膜を形成したセラミック製摺動部構造」に
係わる発明が、それぞれ開示されている。In addition to the above-mentioned liquid lubricant, solid lubricant is also used.
-261570 discloses an invention relating to "a mechanical seal having a diamond-like carbon thin film formed on a sliding surface", and JP-B-3-223190 discloses an invention relating to "a ceramic sliding structure having an amorphous diamond thin film". Are disclosed respectively.
【0012】[0012]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記緻密質セラミック
体同士の摺動に用いるグリスは、エンジン油、スピンド
ル油、ダイナモ油、タービン油等であり、また多孔質セ
ラミック体の気孔に含浸させる潤滑剤は、フッ系素オイ
ル、シリコーン系オイル、合成樹脂等であった。ところ
が、これらは合成油系の潤滑剤であり、高価であるばか
りでなく、石油を精製して得られる油のため消防法で定
める第4類第3石油類などの危険物に属するものが多
く、しかも急性毒性、がん原性、変異原性など有害性を
持つものもあるという問題点があった。特に、常に人体
に入り込む可能性のあるフォーセットバルブなど水栓用
弁体に使用するには、好ましい潤滑剤でなかった。The grease used for sliding between the dense ceramic bodies is engine oil, spindle oil, dynamo oil, turbine oil, etc., and a lubricant for impregnating the pores of the porous ceramic body. Were fluorine-based oils, silicone oils, synthetic resins and the like. However, these are synthetic oil type lubricants, which are not only expensive but also belong to dangerous substances such as the 4th and 3rd petroleums defined by the Fire Service Law because they are oils obtained by refining petroleum. Moreover, there is a problem that some of them have harmful effects such as acute toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. In particular, it was not a preferable lubricant for use in a valve body for a faucet such as a faucet valve which may always enter the human body.
【0013】一方、緻密質セラミック体の表面にダイヤ
モンド状カーボン薄膜や非晶質硬質炭素膜など、いわゆ
る合成疑似ダイヤモンド(DLC)をコーティングした
ものは、確かに摺動性の著しい改善が図られ、軽快な操
作力が得られるものの、摺動時に不快な異音を発するこ
とがあり、いまだ完全な摺動部材とはなっていなかっ
た。On the other hand, the surface of a dense ceramic body coated with a so-called synthetic pseudo diamond (DLC) such as a diamond-like carbon thin film or an amorphous hard carbon film has a remarkable improvement in slidability. Although a light operating force was obtained, an unpleasant noise was sometimes generated during sliding, and the sliding member was not yet perfect.
【0014】[0014]
【課題を解決するための手段】以上のような問題に鑑み
て、本発明は摺動面の少なくとも一部が多孔質セラミッ
ク体より成るセラミック摺動部材において、該多孔質セ
ラミック体の開気孔中に、重金属など人体に有害な成分
を含まない鉱物油系または植物油系から選択される少な
くとも1種の潤滑剤を含浸したものである。In view of the above problems, the present invention relates to a ceramic sliding member having at least a part of a sliding surface made of a porous ceramic body, in which open pores of the porous ceramic body are provided. Further, it is impregnated with at least one lubricant selected from mineral oils or vegetable oils which does not contain components harmful to the human body such as heavy metals.
【0015】そして、これらの潤滑剤を含浸した摺動部
材と、摺動面に合成疑似ダイヤモンド薄膜を備えた摺動
部材を組み合わせることによって、その摺動特性を最大
に引き出し、滑らかな操作力と異音の発生のない快適な
操作環境を提供するものである。By combining a sliding member impregnated with these lubricants and a sliding member having a synthetic pseudo diamond thin film on the sliding surface, the sliding characteristics are maximized and a smooth operating force is obtained. It is intended to provide a comfortable operating environment without generating abnormal noise.
【0016】[0016]
【作用】本発明の摺動部材は、耐摩耗性、耐食性の高い
多孔質セラミック体に、安全性の高い鉱物油系または植
物油系の潤滑剤を含浸したものであり、カケや摩耗紛に
よる人体等へのセラミック分の混入や油による毒性の影
響の極めて少ない安全な摺動部材を、安価に提供するも
のである。The sliding member of the present invention comprises a porous ceramic body having high wear resistance and corrosion resistance, which is impregnated with a highly safe lubricant of mineral oil type or vegetable oil type. The present invention provides a safe sliding member at a low cost, which is extremely less affected by the contamination of ceramics and the toxicity of oil.
【0017】なお、摺動特性については、油が有する潤
滑性によって長期間にわたって、異音を発することなく
滑らかな操作力を得ることが可能である。Regarding the sliding characteristic, it is possible to obtain a smooth operating force for a long period of time without producing abnormal noise due to the lubricity of oil.
【0018】[0018]
【実施例】以下本発明の実施例を図によって説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【0019】図1に示すように、本発明のセラミック摺
動部材は、多孔質セラミック体1から成り、この多孔質
セラミック体1は気孔2を摺動面3および内面に均一に
備え、少なくとも摺動面3の気孔2中には植物油系また
は鉱物油系の潤滑剤4を含浸させている。そのため、図
2に示すように摺動面3は、高度の高い多孔質セラミッ
ク体1と潤滑剤4から形成されることになり、優れた耐
摩耗性と摺動性を示すことができる。As shown in FIG. 1, the ceramic sliding member of the present invention comprises a porous ceramic body 1. The porous ceramic body 1 is provided with pores 2 evenly on the sliding surface 3 and the inner surface, and at least slides. The pores 2 of the moving surface 3 are impregnated with a vegetable oil-based or mineral oil-based lubricant 4. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the sliding surface 3 is formed of the highly porous ceramic body 1 and the lubricant 4, and can exhibit excellent wear resistance and slidability.
【0020】また、図1では摺動部材の全体を多孔質セ
ラミック体1で形成したが、摺動面3の近傍部のみを多
孔質セラミック体1で形成し、他の部材と接合しても良
い。あるいは、摺動面3の一部のみを多孔質セラミック
体1で形成することもできる。Further, in FIG. 1, the entire sliding member is formed of the porous ceramic body 1, but only the portion in the vicinity of the sliding surface 3 is formed of the porous ceramic body 1 and joined to other members. good. Alternatively, only a part of the sliding surface 3 can be formed by the porous ceramic body 1.
【0021】ここで、本発明の摺動部材をフォーセット
バルブに応用した例を示す。図3に示すように、流体通
路12を有する二つの弁体10、10の両方又は一方を
本発明の摺動部材を成す多孔質セラミック体1で形成
し、摺動面3が弁体10の摺接面11となるようにして
ある。Here, an example in which the sliding member of the present invention is applied to a facet valve will be shown. As shown in FIG. 3, both or one of the two valve bodies 10 and 10 having the fluid passages 12 are formed of the porous ceramic body 1 forming the sliding member of the present invention, and the sliding surface 3 is the valve body 10. The sliding contact surface 11 is formed.
【0022】このフォーセットバルブは、弁体10が摺
動性に優れるため、異音もなく、必要十分な操作力を得
ることができ、しかも安全性の高い潤滑剤4を用いてい
るため、流体通路12を流れる流体に潤滑剤4が流出し
ても人体等に悪影響を及ぼすことはない。In this facet valve, since the valve body 10 is excellent in slidability, there is no abnormal noise, a necessary and sufficient operating force can be obtained, and a highly safe lubricant 4 is used. Even if the lubricant 4 flows out into the fluid flowing through the fluid passage 12, it does not adversely affect the human body.
【0023】なお、本発明の摺動部材において、潤滑剤
4を多く含浸させるために、多孔質セラミック体1の気
孔2は互いに連通していることが好ましい。また、多孔
質セラミック体1は、全体として開気孔率が3〜50%
となっていることが望ましい。この理由は、開気孔率が
3%より小さいと添加する潤滑剤4の実質的な量が少な
くなり操作力を低減する効果が乏しいためであり、50
%以上では多孔質セラミック体1自体の耐摩耗性が低く
なってしまうからである。In the sliding member of the present invention, it is preferable that the pores 2 of the porous ceramic body 1 communicate with each other in order to impregnate a large amount of the lubricant 4. The porous ceramic body 1 has an open porosity of 3 to 50% as a whole.
Is desirable. The reason for this is that if the open porosity is less than 3%, the substantial amount of the lubricant 4 to be added will be small and the effect of reducing the operating force will be poor.
This is because the wear resistance of the porous ceramic body 1 itself becomes low when the content is at least%.
【0024】また、多孔質セラミック体1の気孔2につ
いては、平均気孔径が10μm以下であることが望まし
い。この理由は、平均気孔径が10μm以下であれば、
潤滑剤4の流出がほどよく調和され、潤滑に適した量が
長期間しみ出てくるからである。さらに、図3のように
フォーセットバルブとして使用する場合は、弁体10を
成す多孔質セラミック体1自体にシール性が必要となる
が、平均気孔径を10μm以下と極めて微小にすれば、
流体が漏れることを防止できる。The pores 2 of the porous ceramic body 1 preferably have an average pore diameter of 10 μm or less. The reason for this is that if the average pore diameter is 10 μm or less,
This is because the outflow of the lubricant 4 is moderately balanced and the amount suitable for lubrication exudes for a long period of time. Further, when used as a facet valve as shown in FIG. 3, the porous ceramic body 1 itself which constitutes the valve body 10 needs to have a sealing property, but if the average pore diameter is made extremely small to 10 μm or less,
The fluid can be prevented from leaking.
【0025】また、多孔質セラミック体1における摺動
面3の気孔2を除く部分は平坦度3μm以下、好ましく
は1μm以下の極めて平坦な面とすることが好ましい。
これは、フォーセットバルブとして用いる場合に摺接面
11から流体が漏れることを防ぐためである。The portion of the sliding surface 3 of the porous ceramic body 1 excluding the pores 2 is preferably an extremely flat surface having a flatness of 3 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less.
This is to prevent fluid from leaking from the sliding contact surface 11 when used as a facet valve.
【0026】上記多孔質セラミック体1としては、人体
への異物混入を防ぎ安全性を高めるために、耐摩耗性お
よび耐チッピング性すなわち硬度および靱性の高い材料
を使用しなければならないが、これにはアルミナ、ジル
コニア、炭化珪素、窒化珪素、窒化アルミニウム、コー
ジライト等を主成分とするセラミックスが最適である。As the above-mentioned porous ceramic body 1, a material having high wear resistance and chipping resistance, that is, high hardness and toughness must be used in order to prevent foreign matter from entering the human body and enhance safety. Is most preferably ceramics containing alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, cordierite or the like as a main component.
【0027】そして、これらの原料に対しアルミナであ
ればSiO2 、MgO等、窒化珪素に対しては周期律表
2a、3a族元素の酸化物、窒化物、ジルコニアに対し
てはY2 O3 、CaO、MgO、CeO2 等の助剤を添
加して焼成すれば、実質的に3%以上の収縮を伴うこと
によって強固で堅牢かつ靱性および耐摩耗性に優れたセ
ラミック体を得ることができる。For these raw materials, alumina is SiO 2 , MgO, etc., silicon nitride is Y 2 O 3 for oxides, nitrides and zirconia of Periodic Table 2a and 3a elements. If an auxiliary agent such as CaO, CaO, MgO or CeO 2 is added and fired, it is possible to obtain a ceramic body which is strong, robust and excellent in toughness and wear resistance due to shrinkage of substantially 3% or more. .
【0028】このとき、これらのセラミック原料に樹脂
や発泡剤を添加混合して、所定の形状にしたのち焼成す
れば、添加した樹脂や発泡剤が焼成中に焼失して気孔2
を有する多孔質セラミック体1を容易に得ることができ
る。ここで、これらの樹脂や発泡剤の添加量、粒子径な
どを変化させることで、開気孔率や気孔径を自由に調整
することもできる。At this time, if a resin and a foaming agent are added to and mixed with these ceramic raw materials to form a predetermined shape and then the mixture is fired, the added resin and the foaming agent are burnt off during firing and the pores 2 are formed.
It is possible to easily obtain the porous ceramic body 1 having Here, it is also possible to freely adjust the open porosity and the pore diameter by changing the addition amount of these resins and the foaming agent, the particle diameter and the like.
【0029】また、必ずしも樹脂や発泡剤を混入させる
必要はなく、通常のセラミック原料を用いて、焼成条件
を調整して、完全に焼結しない状態とすることで気孔2
を形成することもできる。Further, it is not always necessary to mix the resin and the foaming agent, and the porosity 2 can be obtained by adjusting the firing conditions using a normal ceramic raw material so as not to completely sinter.
Can also be formed.
【0030】最後に、得られた焼結体の摺動面3を研磨
して、平坦度3μm以下、好ましくは1μm以下とした
のち、潤滑剤4を含浸すればよい。含浸させる方法とし
ては、加熱により低粘度化した潤滑剤4中に多孔質セラ
ミック体1を浸漬したのち、真空または加圧下で含浸す
るなどの含浸方法を用いればよい。Finally, the sliding surface 3 of the obtained sintered body is polished to a flatness of 3 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less, and then the lubricant 4 is impregnated. As a method of impregnation, an impregnation method such as immersing the porous ceramic body 1 in the lubricant 4 whose viscosity has been reduced by heating and then impregnating it under vacuum or pressure may be used.
【0031】ここで、多孔質セラミック体1に含浸させ
る潤滑剤4としては、鉱物油系または植物油系の潤滑剤
4を用いる点が重要である。その理由は、摩耗や靱性に
優れた多孔質セラミック体1に潤滑特性と安全性に優れ
た植物油系または鉱物油系の潤滑剤4を含浸することに
よって、安全性を損なうことなく摺動特性を著しく向上
させることができるからである。Here, it is important to use a mineral oil-based or vegetable oil-based lubricant 4 as the lubricant 4 with which the porous ceramic body 1 is impregnated. The reason is that by impregnating the porous ceramic body 1 having excellent wear and toughness with the vegetable oil-based or mineral oil-based lubricant 4 having excellent lubricating characteristics and safety, sliding characteristics can be improved without impairing safety. This is because it can be remarkably improved.
【0032】前記植物油系潤滑剤とは、天然の植物油を
精製して得られる油からなるものであり、具体的には天
然の植物油に含まれる食物ステリンまたは食物油を精製
して得られる脂肪酸グリセライトを基油にした油を用い
る。The vegetable oil-based lubricant is an oil obtained by refining a natural vegetable oil, and more specifically, a food sterin contained in the natural vegetable oil or a fatty acid glycerite obtained by refining the food oil. A base oil is used.
【0033】また鉱物油系潤滑剤とは、石油を物理的な
操作により精製して得られる、炭化水素が主成分の混合
物のことであり、具体的にはパラフィン、ナフテン、芳
香族から選択される液状飽和炭化水素を主体とする油を
用いる。The mineral oil-based lubricant is a mixture containing hydrocarbon as a main component, which is obtained by refining petroleum by a physical operation, and is specifically selected from paraffin, naphthene and aromatic. An oil mainly composed of liquid saturated hydrocarbon is used.
【0034】そして、これらの植物油系または鉱物油系
の潤滑剤のいずれか一種または複数種を組み合わせて使
用してもよく、またいずれも液状、グリース状、ワック
ス状などさまざまな状態であっても使用可能である。Any one or more of these vegetable oil-based or mineral oil-based lubricants may be used in combination, and all of them may be in various states such as liquid, grease and wax. It can be used.
【0035】これらの植物油系または鉱物油系潤滑剤
は、重金属や硫黄などの不純物を含まないため、食品衛
生法や薬事法に合格するなど安全であるばかりでなく、
優れた潤滑性や耐久性をも有している。Since these vegetable oil-based or mineral oil-based lubricants do not contain impurities such as heavy metals and sulfur, they are not only safe as they pass the Food Sanitation Law and Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, but also
It also has excellent lubricity and durability.
【0036】なお、上記植物油系または鉱物油系潤滑剤
に対して、一般に用いられている潤滑剤は合成油系潤滑
剤であり、これは石油をガス化してオレフィンにしたも
のを原料にして化学的に合成して得られ、単一物質か同
族耐の混合物から成るものである。具体的には、炭化水
素系、エーテル系、エステル系、シリコーン系、フッ素
系等があり、エンジン油、スピンドル油等として使用さ
れている。In addition to the above vegetable oil-based or mineral oil-based lubricants, generally used lubricants are synthetic oil-based lubricants, which are chemicals using petroleum gasified to olefin as a raw material. It is obtained by synthetic synthesis and consists of a single substance or a homologous mixture. Specifically, there are hydrocarbon type, ether type, ester type, silicone type, fluorine type and the like, and they are used as engine oil, spindle oil and the like.
【0037】また、本発明の摺動部材においては、前記
多孔質セラミック体1の100体積%に対して、植物油
系または鉱物油系の潤滑剤4を少なくとも3体積%以上
含浸することが好ましい。その理由は、植物油系または
鉱物油系の潤滑剤4の含浸量が3体積%より少ないと摺
動特性を向上させることが困難であるからである。In the sliding member of the present invention, it is preferable to impregnate 100% by volume of the porous ceramic body 1 with at least 3% by volume or more of the vegetable oil-based or mineral oil-based lubricant 4. The reason is that it is difficult to improve the sliding characteristics when the impregnation amount of the vegetable oil-based or mineral oil-based lubricant 4 is less than 3% by volume.
【0038】さらに、上記図3に示すフォーセットバル
ブを成す一方の弁体10を本発明の摺動部材で形成し、
他方の弁体10を緻密質セラミックスで形成してその摺
接面11上に、PVDやCVDなどの蒸着手段によって
得られる合成疑似ダイヤモンド薄膜(別名:非晶質硬質
炭素膜・ダイヤモンドライクカーボン・DLC・I−カ
ーボン)をコーティングすることもできる。Further, one valve body 10 forming the facet valve shown in FIG. 3 is formed by the sliding member of the present invention,
The other valve body 10 is made of dense ceramics, and a synthetic pseudo diamond thin film (also known as amorphous hard carbon film / diamond-like carbon / DLC) obtained on the sliding contact surface 11 by vapor deposition means such as PVD or CVD. -I-carbon) can also be coated.
【0039】このようにすれば、さらに摺動性に優れ、
合成疑似ダイヤモンドだけでは解決が困難であった異音
の発生をも解消することができる。これは、合成疑似ダ
イヤモンドの特性が、潤滑油との親和性が極めて良いた
めであり、固体潤滑剤と液体潤滑剤の相乗効果により、
著しい摺動性の改善が図れるためである。By doing so, the sliding property is further improved,
It is possible to eliminate the generation of abnormal noise, which was difficult to solve only with synthetic pseudo diamond. This is because the properties of synthetic pseudo diamond have an extremely good affinity with the lubricating oil, and due to the synergistic effect of the solid lubricant and the liquid lubricant,
This is because the slidability can be remarkably improved.
【0040】さらに、上記実施例では平面同士を摺動さ
せる例を示したが、この他に摺動面が円筒状や球面状等
となったものでも本発明の摺動部材を適用することもで
きる。したがって、本発明のセラミック摺動部材は、フ
ォーセットバルブに限らず、ボールバルブやスライダ
ー、あるいは各種軸受やメカニカルシールなど様々な用
途に用いることができる。Further, in the above embodiment, an example in which the flat surfaces are slid with each other is shown, but the sliding member of the present invention may be applied to the sliding surface having a cylindrical shape or a spherical shape. it can. Therefore, the ceramic sliding member of the present invention can be used for various applications such as ball valves and sliders, various bearings and mechanical seals, as well as the Faucet valve.
【0041】実験例1 多孔質セラミック体1として表1に示すようなさまざま
な気孔率、気孔径を持つアルミナ、ジルコニア、窒化珪
素、炭化珪素、コージライトの各材料から成るものを用
意し、各々の多孔質セラミック体1には本発明実施例と
して植物油系、鉱物油系の潤滑剤4を、比較例として合
成潤滑油系の潤滑剤4を含浸させて、摺動性や異物流
出、水質汚染などを調べる実験を行った。 Experimental Example 1 A porous ceramic body 1 made of alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and cordierite having various porosities and pore sizes as shown in Table 1 was prepared. The porous ceramic body 1 is impregnated with a vegetable oil-based or mineral oil-based lubricant 4 as an example of the present invention, and a synthetic lubricating oil-based lubricant 4 as a comparative example, and slidability, foreign matter outflow, and water pollution An experiment was conducted to investigate such things.
【0042】なお、気孔率はアルキメデス法により測定
し、また気孔径は摺動面の拡大SEM写真をもとに測定
したものであり、各気孔の最大径の平均値である。The porosity was measured by the Archimedes method, and the pore diameter was measured based on an enlarged SEM photograph of the sliding surface, which is the average value of the maximum diameters of the respective pores.
【0043】[0043]
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0044】まず、図3に示すように1対の摺動部材か
ら成る弁体10を30kgの荷重で上下から押さえつけ
ながら、図4のように給水栓にセットし、一方のセラミ
ック摺動部材(可動弁体)のみを回転させ、操作力の初
期値と摺動部材の気孔率との関係を調べた。First, as shown in FIG. 3, while holding the valve body 10 consisting of a pair of sliding members from above and below with a load of 30 kg, the valve body 10 was set on the water tap as shown in FIG. Only the movable valve body was rotated, and the relationship between the initial value of the operating force and the porosity of the sliding member was examined.
【0045】その結果、セラミック材質や潤滑剤4の種
類に係わらず、図5に示すとおりの結果となった。つま
り、潤滑剤4の種類に係わらず、気孔率が低いほど操作
力の初期値が高く、気孔率が2.5体積%では凝着(リ
ンキング)が生じてしまった。これに対し、気孔率を3
体積%以上とすれば、使用可能なレベルとなり、特に5
体積%以上では操作力が0.6Kg以下と特に優れてい
た。As a result, the results shown in FIG. 5 were obtained regardless of the ceramic material and the type of the lubricant 4. That is, regardless of the type of the lubricant 4, the lower the porosity, the higher the initial value of the operating force, and when the porosity was 2.5% by volume, adhesion (linking) occurred. On the other hand, the porosity is 3
If it is more than volume%, it will be a usable level, especially 5
At volume% or more, the operating force was particularly excellent at 0.6 Kg or less.
【0046】ここで、潤滑剤4は気孔2の中に入り込ん
でいるため、気孔率と含油率はほぼ等しい状態となって
いる。言い換えれば、セラミック体100体積%に対し
て、含まれる潤滑剤の量は3体積%以上、好ましくは5
体積%以上必要であることがわかった。Here, since the lubricant 4 has entered the pores 2, the porosity and the oil content are almost equal. In other words, the amount of the lubricant contained is 3% by volume or more, preferably 5% with respect to 100% by volume of the ceramic body.
It was found that the volume% or more is required.
【0047】実験例2 次に、気孔率を10体積%、平均気孔径1μmとしたも
のを用い、これに天然の植物油を精製して得られる脂肪
酸グリセライトを基油にした植物油系潤滑剤、完全水素
化精製法で精製された流動パラフィンを基油にする鉱物
油系潤滑剤、リン酸エステルなどが基油となっている合
成潤滑油系潤滑剤をそれぞれ含浸させ、それぞれ上記と
同様にして摺動回転させ、バルブを通過して出てきた水
質をチェックした。この結果、本発明実施例である植物
油系潤滑剤および鉱物油系潤滑剤を使ったものでは、水
質を汚染させることもなく、水から何の不純物も検出さ
れなかった。しかし、比較例である合成潤滑油径潤滑剤
を用いたものでは、水質にリンや硫黄さらには重金属な
ど人体に対し悪影響を及ぼす不純物が含まれており、上
水道などのバルブ部品として不適であることがわかっ
た。 Experimental Example 2 Next, a vegetable oil-based lubricant containing a fatty acid glycerite as a base oil, which was obtained by purifying a natural vegetable oil, was used, which had a porosity of 10% by volume and an average pore diameter of 1 μm. A mineral oil-based lubricant that uses liquid paraffin refined by hydrorefining as a base oil, and a synthetic lubricating oil-based lubricant that uses phosphate ester as a base oil are impregnated respectively, and the sliding is performed in the same manner as above. The water quality that came out through the valve was checked by rotating it dynamically. As a result, in the case of using the vegetable oil-based lubricant and the mineral oil-based lubricant according to the examples of the present invention, the water quality was not polluted and no impurities were detected in the water. However, in the case of using the synthetic lubricant oil diameter lubricant which is a comparative example, the water quality contains impurities such as phosphorus, sulfur and heavy metals, which adversely affect the human body, and is not suitable as a valve component for waterworks. I understood.
【0048】実験例3 次に、気孔率を10体積%、平均気孔径1μmとしたア
ルミナ、ジルコニア、窒化珪素、窒化アルミニウム、炭
化珪素、コージライトに植物油系の潤滑剤を含浸させ、
上記と同様にして、10万回摺動後の摺動部材の表面変
化(摩耗量と脱粒)について調べてみた。 Experimental Example 3 Next, alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide and cordierite having a porosity of 10% by volume and an average pore diameter of 1 μm were impregnated with a vegetable oil type lubricant,
In the same manner as described above, the surface change (wear amount and grain shedding) of the sliding member after sliding 100,000 times was examined.
【0049】この結果、アルミナ、ジルコニア、窒化珪
素、窒化アルミニウムからなるセラミックについては、
摩耗やチッピング、脱粒が検出されなかったのに対し、
炭化珪素やコージライトでは平均1μm程の摩耗が確認
される上、直径0.1〜10μm程の脱粒が発見され、
バルブとしてはあまり好ましくないことがわかった。一
方、どの試験片も初回〜10万回後の操作力において、
滑らかな操作力の数値基準である0.6kg以下の操作
力を維持していることや異音の発生もなかったことから
から、いずれも潤滑性能に関する問題はないことがわか
った。As a result, regarding the ceramic made of alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride and aluminum nitride,
Whereas wear, chipping and shedding were not detected,
In silicon carbide and cordierite, wear of about 1 μm on average was confirmed, and shedding of about 0.1 to 10 μm in diameter was found,
It turned out that it is not very preferable as a valve. On the other hand, with respect to the operating force of any test piece after the first to 100,000 times,
From the fact that the operating force of 0.6 kg or less, which is the numerical reference of the smooth operating force, was maintained and no abnormal noise was generated, it was found that there was no problem with the lubricating performance.
【0050】実験例4 また、上記本発明実施例の摺動部材を用いたものと、さ
らに一方の摺動部材に合成疑似ダイヤモンド薄膜を形成
したもの、および比較例として緻密質アルミナセラミッ
ク同士をグリスを介して摺動させたものの3種類につい
て、操作回数と操作トルクの関係を調べた。 Experimental Example 4 In addition, one using the sliding member of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, one in which a synthetic pseudo diamond thin film was further formed on one sliding member, and dense alumina ceramics were greased together as a comparative example. The relationship between the number of times of operation and the operation torque was examined for three types that were slid through.
【0051】結果は図6に示す通りである。比較例であ
るグリスを塗布したものでは10万回程度の使用で凝着
(リンキング)が生じて使用不可となったのに対し、本
発明実施例では100万回以上でも良好に使用できるこ
とがわかる。The results are shown in FIG. In the comparative example coated with grease, adhesion (linking) occurred after about 100,000 times of use, and it became unusable, whereas in the example of the present invention, it can be used satisfactorily even for 1 million times or more. .
【0052】これらの結果より、摺動面の少なくとも一
部が多孔質のアルミナセラミックス、ジルコニアセラミ
ックス、窒化珪素質セラミックス、窒化アルミニウムセ
ラミックスよりなる摺動部材において、前記多孔質セラ
ミック体の開気孔中には植物油系あるいは鉱物油系の少
なくとも1種の潤滑剤を含浸すれば、操作力が軽快で、
かつ摩耗量も少なく、しかも安全な摺動部材を長期にわ
たって使用することができる。From these results, in the sliding member having at least a part of the sliding surface made of porous alumina ceramics, zirconia ceramics, silicon nitride ceramics, and aluminum nitride ceramics, in the open pores of the porous ceramic body. If you impregnate at least one lubricant of vegetable oil type or mineral oil type, the operating force is light,
In addition, the amount of wear is small, and a safe sliding member can be used for a long period of time.
【0053】ところで、本発明に係る摺動部材に組み合
わせられる他方のセラミック弁体に合成疑似ダイヤモン
ド薄膜をコーティングしたものは、図6のようにさらに
良好な摺動性が得られ、しかも異音の発生もないことが
わかった。なお、合成疑似ダイヤモンド薄膜をコーティ
ングしただけのものでは、摺動時にキーキーというよう
な不快な異音の発生を伴うことがあったが、本発明の摺
動部材と組み合わせることによって解消されることを確
認した。By the way, the other ceramic valve body, which is combined with the sliding member according to the present invention, coated with the synthetic pseudo diamond thin film, as shown in FIG. It turned out that there was no occurrence. It should be noted that, in the case where only the synthetic pseudo diamond thin film was coated, an unpleasant noise such as a squealing noise was sometimes generated during sliding, but it can be solved by combining with the sliding member of the present invention. confirmed.
【0054】実験例5 次に、平均気孔径と摺動回数の関係について調べるため
に、気孔率を10体積%としたアルミナ、ジルコニア、
窒化珪素、窒化アルミニウムの各多孔質セラミック体に
植物油系の潤滑剤を含浸させ、上記と同様にして摺動試
験を行った。この試験において、0.6kg以下の操作
力を維持した操作回数をチェックしたところ、セラミッ
クスの材質に係わらず図7に示すような結果となった。 Experimental Example 5 Next, in order to investigate the relationship between the average pore diameter and the number of times of sliding, alumina, zirconia, which had a porosity of 10% by volume,
Each of the silicon nitride and aluminum nitride porous ceramic bodies was impregnated with a vegetable oil-based lubricant, and a sliding test was conducted in the same manner as above. In this test, when the number of operations while maintaining an operating force of 0.6 kg or less was checked, the results shown in FIG. 7 were obtained regardless of the ceramic material.
【0055】図7に示される通り、平均気孔径が50μ
m以上のものでは耐久性にやや難があるが、平均気孔径
が20μm以下になると10万回以上の十分な耐久性が
得られることがわかった。これは、気孔径が大きくなる
と、気孔中に含浸された潤滑剤が流出しやすくなるため
と考えられる。As shown in FIG. 7, the average pore diameter is 50 μm.
It was found that when the average pore diameter is 20 μm or less, sufficient durability of 100,000 times or more can be obtained, though the durability is slightly difficult when the average pore diameter is 20 m or more. It is considered that this is because the lubricant impregnated into the pores easily flows out as the pore diameter increases.
【0056】そして、平均気孔径が10μm以下、好ま
しくは1μm以下であると、潤滑剤の流出がほど良く抑
制され、長期にわたって良好な摺動性が得られた。If the average pore diameter is 10 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less, the outflow of the lubricant is suppressed appropriately, and good slidability can be obtained for a long period of time.
【0057】実験例6 次に、気孔率と摩耗量の関係を調べるために、平均気孔
径を1μmとしたアルミナ、ジルコニア、窒化珪素、窒
化アルミニウムの各多孔質セラミック体に植物油系の潤
滑剤を含浸させ、上記と同様にして摺動試験を行った。
この試験において、10万回後の摩耗量をチェックした
ところ、セラミックスの材質に係わらず図8に示すよう
な結果となった。 Experimental Example 6 Next, in order to investigate the relationship between the porosity and the wear amount, a vegetable oil type lubricant was added to each porous ceramic body of alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride and aluminum nitride having an average pore diameter of 1 μm. Impregnation was performed, and a sliding test was performed in the same manner as above.
In this test, when the amount of wear after 100,000 cycles was checked, the results shown in FIG. 8 were obtained regardless of the ceramic material.
【0058】図8に示されるように、気孔率を50体積
%以下とすれば、摩耗量を小さくできることがわかる。
また、前述したように含油率は3体積%以上が好ましい
ことを考慮すると、気孔率は3〜50体積%が望まし
い。As shown in FIG. 8, it is understood that the wear amount can be reduced by setting the porosity to 50% by volume or less.
Further, considering that the oil content is preferably 3% by volume or more as described above, the porosity is preferably 3 to 50% by volume.
【0059】[0059]
【発明の効果】叙上のように本発明によれば、摺動面の
少なくとも一部が多孔質セラミック体よりなる摺動部材
において、前記多孔質セラミック体の開気孔中に、植物
油系あるいは鉱物油系から選択される少なくとも1種の
潤滑剤を含浸することによって、操作力が軽快で、かつ
摩耗量も少なく、しかも安全な摺動部材を長期にわたっ
て使用することができる。そのため、各種バルブやシー
ルリング、スライダー部品、各種軸受等として好適に使
用することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, in a sliding member in which at least a part of the sliding surface is made of a porous ceramic body, a vegetable oil type or a mineral is provided in the open pores of the porous ceramic body. By impregnating with at least one lubricant selected from the oil system, it is possible to use a sliding member that has a light operating force, a small amount of wear, and is safe, for a long period of time. Therefore, it can be suitably used as various valves, seal rings, slider parts, various bearings, and the like.
【0060】また、本発明の摺動部材と摺動する相手部
材を緻密質セラミックスで形成して合成疑似ダイヤモン
ド薄膜を被着したことによって、摺動性をさらに向上さ
せ、異音の発生を防止することもできる。The mating member that slides with the sliding member of the present invention is made of dense ceramics and is coated with a synthetic pseudo diamond thin film to further improve slidability and prevent abnormal noise. You can also do it.
【図1】本発明によるセラミック摺動部材の斜視図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a ceramic sliding member according to the present invention.
【図2】本発明によるセラミック摺動部材の表面拡大写
真である。FIG. 2 is an enlarged surface photograph of a ceramic sliding member according to the present invention.
【図3】本発明のセラミック摺動部材を用いたフォーセ
ットバルブの模式図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a facet valve using the ceramic sliding member of the present invention.
【図4】給水栓に組み込まれた一般的なフォーセットバ
ルブの模式図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a general faucet valve incorporated in a water tap.
【図5】本発明のセラミック摺動部材における気孔率と
操作力の初期値との関係を示すグラフである。FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the porosity and the initial value of the operating force in the ceramic sliding member of the present invention.
【図6】本発明および比較例における摺動回数と操作力
との関係を示すグラフである。FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of times of sliding and the operating force in the present invention and the comparative example.
【図7】本発明のセラミック摺動部材における平均気孔
径と操作力との関係を示すグラフである。FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the average pore diameter and the operating force in the ceramic sliding member of the present invention.
【図8】本発明のセラミック摺動部材における気孔率と
摩耗量との関係を示すグラフである。FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the porosity and the wear amount in the ceramic sliding member of the present invention.
1:多孔質セラミック体 2:気孔 3:摺動面 4:潤滑剤 10:弁体 11:摺動面 12:流体通路 1: Porous ceramic body 2: Porosity 3: Sliding surface 4: Lubricant 10: Valve body 11: Sliding surface 12: Fluid passage
Claims (4)
ク体より成り、該セラミック体の開気孔中に、植物油系
あるいは鉱物油系から選択される少なくとも1種の潤滑
剤を含浸したことを特徴とするセラミック摺動部材。1. At least a part of a sliding surface is made of a porous ceramic body, and the open pores of the ceramic body are impregnated with at least one lubricant selected from vegetable oils or mineral oils. Characteristic ceramic sliding member.
まれる食物ステリンまたは食物油を精製して得られる脂
肪酸グリセライトを基油にすることを特徴とする請求項
1記載のセラミック摺動部材。2. The ceramic sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable oil-based lubricant uses a food sterin contained in natural vegetable oil or a fatty acid glycerite obtained by refining the food oil as a base oil. .
テン、芳香族から選択される液状飽和炭化水素からなる
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載のセラミック摺動部材。3. The ceramic sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the mineral oil-based lubricant comprises a liquid saturated hydrocarbon selected from paraffin, naphthene, and aromatic.
密質セラミック体からなる摺動部材とを組み合わせた摺
動装置において、上記緻密質セラミック体の摺動面に合
成擬似ダイヤモンド薄膜を被着したことを特徴とする摺
動装置。4. A sliding device in which the ceramic sliding member according to claim 1 and a sliding member made of a dense ceramic body are combined, and a synthetic pseudo diamond thin film is coated on the sliding surface of the dense ceramic body. A sliding device characterized by being worn.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP25792994A JP3447390B2 (en) | 1994-10-24 | 1994-10-24 | Sliding device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP25792994A JP3447390B2 (en) | 1994-10-24 | 1994-10-24 | Sliding device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH08121617A true JPH08121617A (en) | 1996-05-17 |
JP3447390B2 JP3447390B2 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
Family
ID=17313163
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP25792994A Expired - Lifetime JP3447390B2 (en) | 1994-10-24 | 1994-10-24 | Sliding device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JP3447390B2 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09310765A (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 1997-12-02 | Kyocera Corp | Sliding device made of ceramic |
JP2000357333A (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2000-12-26 | Ntn Corp | Optical pickup device and supporting shaft therefor |
JP2006188945A (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2006-07-20 | Hiroshi Asaka | Aseismatic door type entrance door structure |
JP2009010324A (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2009-01-15 | Kyocera Corp | Solar cell apparatus |
JP2009013370A (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-22 | Toyota Motor Corp | Sliding structure |
JP2015102240A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-04 | 京セラ株式会社 | Sliding device |
JP2020115080A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-30 | 丸越工業株式会社 | Heat transfer enhancement body, installation method of heat transfer enhancement body, and method of manufacturing heat transfer enhancement body |
-
1994
- 1994-10-24 JP JP25792994A patent/JP3447390B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09310765A (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 1997-12-02 | Kyocera Corp | Sliding device made of ceramic |
JP2000357333A (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2000-12-26 | Ntn Corp | Optical pickup device and supporting shaft therefor |
JP2006188945A (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2006-07-20 | Hiroshi Asaka | Aseismatic door type entrance door structure |
JP2009010324A (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2009-01-15 | Kyocera Corp | Solar cell apparatus |
JP2009013370A (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-22 | Toyota Motor Corp | Sliding structure |
JP2015102240A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-04 | 京セラ株式会社 | Sliding device |
JP2020115080A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-30 | 丸越工業株式会社 | Heat transfer enhancement body, installation method of heat transfer enhancement body, and method of manufacturing heat transfer enhancement body |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3447390B2 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
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