JPH0782997A - Installation of steel supporting - Google Patents
Installation of steel supportingInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0782997A JPH0782997A JP5231867A JP23186793A JPH0782997A JP H0782997 A JPH0782997 A JP H0782997A JP 5231867 A JP5231867 A JP 5231867A JP 23186793 A JP23186793 A JP 23186793A JP H0782997 A JPH0782997 A JP H0782997A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ground
- steel
- tunnel
- bag body
- steel support
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、鋼製支保工の設置方法
に関し、特に、トンネルの内周面に配設されて外周地山
からの土圧を支持する鋼製支保工の設置方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of installing a steel support bar, and more particularly to a method of installing a steel support bar provided on the inner peripheral surface of a tunnel to support earth pressure from the outer ground. .
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】トンネル支保工は、掘削してから覆工を
行うまでの間、地山を保持させるためにトンネル内に建
込まれる支持構造物である。このトンネル支保工の一つ
にＨ型鋼などの形鋼や鋼管等の鋼材をトンネルの断面形
状に合わせて曲折加工し、これを掘削したトンネルの内
周面に沿って建込むことにより支保工を構成する鋼製支
保工があり、かかる鋼製支保工をトンネルの縦断方向に
所定の間隔をおいて多数設置するとともに隣接する鋼製
支保工の間には吹付けコンクリート等を施工することに
よりトンネルの全長にわたって地山を保持する。2. Description of the Related Art A tunnel support is a support structure that is built in a tunnel to hold the ground between excavation and lining. One of the tunnel support works is bending work of shaped steel such as H-shaped steel and steel materials such as steel pipes according to the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel, and installing this along the inner peripheral surface of the excavated tunnel. There are steel supports that make up the tunnel, and a large number of such steel supports are installed at a prescribed interval in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and by spraying concrete etc. between adjacent steel supports. Hold the ground for the entire length of.
【０００３】ところが、掘削直後のトンネルの内周面は
凹凸を有し、表面が平坦ではないため、トンネルの内周
面に沿って鋼製支保工を建込むと、鋼製支保工の脚部と
これの周囲の地盤との間に空隙が生じることになる。か
かる空隙によって鋼製支保工が不安定になるのを防止す
るための方法として、従来より、例えば鋼製支保工の脚
部の底面とトンネルの底面地盤との間に木板や鉄板等を
詰め込む方法が採用されている。However, since the inner peripheral surface of the tunnel immediately after excavation has irregularities and the surface is not flat, if steel support work is installed along the inner peripheral surface of the tunnel, the legs of the steel support work will be A void will be created between this and the ground around it. As a method for preventing the steel support work from becoming unstable due to such a gap, conventionally, for example, a method of packing a wooden board, an iron plate, or the like between the bottom surface of the leg portion of the steel support work and the bottom ground of the tunnel. Has been adopted.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記木
板や鉄板等を用いる方法では、可撓性がなく平坦な木板
や鉄板等を空隙に詰め込むにすぎないため、凹凸を有す
る底面地盤に対してはなお空隙が残るとともに、木板や
鉄板等を詰め込んだ部分以外の、鋼製支保工の脚部の周
辺の地盤との間の空隙を十分に除去することは困難であ
る。したがって、これらの空隙が要因となって鋼製支保
工の脚部の沈下が生じるとともに、鋼製支保工の安定、
ひいてはトンネル全体の安定を図ることができなくなる
という問題があった。However, in the method using the above-mentioned wood board, iron board, etc., since a flat wood board, iron board, etc., which is not flexible, is merely packed in the void, it is not suitable for the bottom ground having irregularities. Note that it is difficult to sufficiently remove the voids between the ground around the legs of the steel shoring except for the portions where the wooden boards, the iron plates and the like are packed, as well as the voids. Therefore, these voids cause the subsidence of the legs of the steel support structure, and the stability of the steel support structure,
As a result, there was a problem that the entire tunnel could not be stabilized.
【０００５】また、鋼製支保工の脚部付近の地盤は、ト
ンネルの掘削によりその上方の地山が取り除かれ、負荷
されていた土圧が除去されて応力が開放されることによ
り、表層部が緩んだ状況にある。したがって、かかる緩
んだ地盤上に鋼製支保工を建込んだ場合、当該鋼製支保
工の設置が完了してトンネル外周の地山の荷重が負荷さ
れると、この鋼製支保工が沈下する惧れがあるという問
題があった。Further, the ground near the legs of the steel support work is removed by excavation of the tunnel, the ground pressure above the ground is removed, the earth pressure applied is removed, and the stress is released. Is in a loose situation. Therefore, when a steel support is built on such loose ground, when the steel support is installed and the load on the ground around the tunnel is applied, the steel support will sink. There was a problem of being frightened.
【０００６】そこで、この発明は上記問題点に着目して
なされたもので、トンネル内に鋼製支保工を建込む際
に、鋼製支保工の脚部とこれの周辺の地盤との間の空隙
を容易且つ確実に充填することにより鋼製支保工の脚部
の沈下及びトンネルの不安定化を容易に防止することの
できる鋼製支保工の設置方法を提供することを目的とす
る。Therefore, the present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-mentioned problems, and when a steel support bar is built in a tunnel, a leg between the steel support bar and the ground around the leg part of the steel support bar are provided. An object of the present invention is to provide a method of installing a steel support bar which can easily prevent the sinking of the legs of the steel support bar and the instability of the tunnel by filling the voids easily and surely.
【０００７】また、この発明は、鋼製支保工の脚部の地
盤の緩みによる支保工の沈下を容易に防止することので
きる鋼製支保工の設置方法を提供することを目的とす
る。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for installing a steel support bar which can easily prevent the support bar sinking due to the looseness of the ground of the legs of the steel support bar.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明は、上記目的を
鑑みてなされたものであり、その要旨は、トンネルの内
周面に配設されて外周地山からの土圧を支持する鋼製支
保工の設置方法において、前記鋼製支保工をトンネルの
横断面内周に沿って建込むとともに該鋼製支保工の脚部
とこれの周辺の地盤との間に袋体を介在させ、該袋体内
にモルタル、コンクリート等の流動性を有しかつ所定時
間の経過後に固化する注入材を前記袋体に取り付けた注
入手段を介して注入し、該注入材によって前記袋体を加
圧膨脹させることにより、前記袋体を前記鋼製支保工の
脚部と前記地盤との間に密着介在させてなることを特徴
とする鋼製支保工の設置方法にある。The present invention has been made in view of the above object, and its gist is made of steel which is arranged on the inner peripheral surface of a tunnel and supports earth pressure from the outer peripheral ground. In the installation method of the supporting structure, the steel supporting structure is built along the inner circumference of the cross section of the tunnel, and the bag body is interposed between the leg part of the steel supporting structure and the ground around it, and An injecting material that has fluidity such as mortar and concrete and solidifies after a lapse of a predetermined time is injected into the bag body through an injection means attached to the bag body, and the bag body is pressurized and expanded by the injecting material. Accordingly, in the method for installing the steel supporting structure, the bag body is closely contacted between the leg portion of the steel supporting structure and the ground.
【０００９】[0009]
【作用】この発明の鋼製支保工の設置方法によれば、鋼
製支保工をトンネル内に建込む際、支保工の脚部と、こ
の脚部を支持する周辺の地盤との間に袋体を介在させ
る。次いで、袋体に設けた耐圧ホース等の注入手段を介
して袋体内にモルタル等の注入材を注入し、袋体を当該
注入材によって加圧膨脹する。これにより、注入材を充
填した袋体は鋼製支保工の脚部と地山との間に密着介在
するとともに、注入材は、支保工脚部とこれの周辺の地
山との間の空隙内に当該空隙の形状に適合して行きわた
り、これによって容易且つ確実に当該空隙を充填するこ
とができる。したがって、注入材が固化した後は、脚部
周辺の空隙を原因とする鋼製支保工の沈下を生じること
なくトンネルを安定して支持することができる。According to the method of installing the steel supporting structure of the present invention, when the steel supporting structure is installed in the tunnel, a bag is provided between the leg part of the supporting structure and the surrounding ground supporting the leg structure. Intervene the body. Then, an injection material such as mortar is injected into the bag body through an injection means such as a pressure-resistant hose provided in the bag body, and the bag body is pressurized and expanded by the injection material. As a result, the bag filled with the injection material closely intervenes between the foot of the steel support bar and the ground, and the injection material has a gap between the support foot and the ground around it. The shape of the void can be distributed in the inside of the inside, whereby the void can be filled easily and surely. Therefore, after the injection material has solidified, the tunnel can be stably supported without causing the steel support work to sink due to the voids around the legs.
【００１０】また、袋体は注入材の注入によって加圧膨
脹されるので、当該圧力によって鋼製支保工及びこれの
脚部の周辺の地盤にはプレロードが載荷され、これによ
って地盤を締固めて地盤の緩みによる支保工の沈下を防
止する。Further, since the bag body is inflated by the injection of the injecting material, the preload is loaded on the steel support and the ground around the legs thereof by the pressure, and thereby the ground is compacted. Prevent subsidence due to loosening of the ground.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】以下、この発明の一実施例を図面を用いて詳
細に説明する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
【００１２】図１（Ａ）、（Ｂ）はこの発明の鋼製支保
工の設置方法の一実施例に係るトンネル１１内に建込ま
れる鋼製支保工１０の一例を示す概略断面図である。1 (A) and 1 (B) are schematic sectional views showing an example of a steel support bar 10 installed in a tunnel 11 according to an embodiment of a method of installing a steel support bar of the present invention. .
【００１３】鋼製支保工１０は、本実施例では、トンネ
ル１１の横断面形状にあわせてアーチ型に加工されると
ともに左右に分割されたＨ形鋼１、１をトンネル１１の
上半部のみに建込む、いわゆる半断面式のものであり、
掘削されたトンネル１１の縦断方向に一定の間隔をおい
て多数設置されるものである。そして、この鋼製支保工
１０は、その脚部２をトンネル１１の上半部下端面に位
置する側壁上部の地盤Ｅに載置されて、その荷重を地盤
Ｅに伝達することにより、トンネル１１の周囲から負荷
される地山の荷重を支持している。In this embodiment, the steel supporting member 10 is formed into an arch shape according to the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel 11 and is divided into right and left H-shaped steels 1 and 1 only in the upper half of the tunnel 11. It is a so-called half-section type built in
A large number of tunnels are installed at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction of the excavated tunnel 11. Then, this steel supporter 10 is mounted on the ground E above the side wall located at the lower end surface of the upper half of the tunnel 11 with its legs 2 and the load is transmitted to the ground E, whereby the tunnel 11 It supports the natural load from the surroundings.
【００１４】そして、この鋼製支保工１０が載置される
脚部２の周辺の地盤Ｅは、かかる脚部２の形状にあわせ
て掘削することは困難であるため、図１（Ｂ）に示すよ
うに、その凹凸により脚部２と地盤Ｅとの間に空隙Ｓが
生じており、かかる空隙Ｓにより、鋼製支保工１０が地
山からの荷重の載荷後に沈下を生じる惧れがある。した
がって、この実施例では、以下の方法により脚部２とこ
れの周辺の地盤Ｅとの間の空隙Ｓを充填する。Since it is difficult to excavate the ground E around the leg portion 2 on which the steel shoring 10 is placed in accordance with the shape of the leg portion 2, it is shown in FIG. As shown, due to the unevenness, a space S is formed between the leg portion 2 and the ground E, and the space S may cause the steel support structure 10 to sink after the load from the ground is loaded. . Therefore, in this embodiment, the gap S between the leg 2 and the ground E around the leg 2 is filled by the following method.
【００１５】すなわち、図１（Ｃ）に示すように、鋼製
支保工１０をトンネル１１内に建込む際、鋼製支保工１
０と地盤Ｅとの間に袋体３を介在させる。このとき、袋
体３は、鋼製支保工１０を建込む前に予め脚部２と地盤
Ｅとの間に配設しておく。また、袋体３は、可撓性のあ
る素材、例えば合成繊維布、薄金属、合成樹脂等から形
成されており、内部の圧力により膨脹するもので、この
袋体３には、さらに、注入材６を当該袋体３内に注入す
るための注入手段としての耐圧ホース４が接続してい
る。That is, as shown in FIG. 1 (C), when the steel support bar 10 is installed in the tunnel 11, the steel support bar 1
The bag body 3 is interposed between 0 and the ground E. At this time, the bag body 3 is arranged in advance between the leg portion 2 and the ground E before the steel support structure 10 is built. The bag body 3 is made of a flexible material such as synthetic fiber cloth, thin metal, or synthetic resin and expands due to the internal pressure. A pressure resistant hose 4 as an injection means for injecting the material 6 into the bag body 3 is connected.
【００１６】鋼製支保工１０を建込んだら、耐圧ホース
４を介して、図１（Ｄ）に示すように、袋体３内に注入
材６を加圧注入する。注入材６としては、注入時には流
動性を有し、所定の時間経過後には鋼製支保工１０の脚
部にかかる荷重を支持するに足る強度に固化する材料、
例えばモルタル、コンクリート、ウレタン等の硬化材を
使用することができる。After the steel supporter 10 is built, the injection material 6 is pressure-injected into the bag body 3 through the pressure-resistant hose 4 as shown in FIG. As the injection material 6, a material that has fluidity during injection and solidifies to a strength sufficient to support the load applied to the leg portion of the steel support bar 10 after a predetermined time has passed,
For example, a hardening material such as mortar, concrete and urethane can be used.
【００１７】そして、かかる加圧注入作業によって、可
撓性のある袋体３は加圧膨脹するとともに、注入材６は
空隙Ｓの隅々にわたって容易且つ確実に充填され、袋体
３は空隙Ｓの形状に適合して鋼製支保工１０の脚部２と
地盤Ｅとの間に密着介在する。また、袋体３は、脚部２
と地盤Ｅとの間において加圧膨脹されることにより、鋼
製支保工１０を押上げあるいは地盤Ｅを押圧してプレロ
ードし、これによって、掘削により土圧から開放されて
緩んだ地盤Ｅを締固めることができるとともに、注入材
が固化した後には、鋼製支保工１０にかかる荷重を均一
に地山に伝達することが可能になる。By the pressure injection work, the flexible bag 3 is expanded under pressure, and the injection material 6 is easily and surely filled in every corner of the space S, so that the bag 3 is filled with the space S. In conformity with the above shape, the leg support 2 of the steel supporting member 10 and the ground E are closely interposed. In addition, the bag body 3 is the leg portion 2.
And the ground E are pressurized and expanded to push up the steel supporters 10 or press the ground E to preload it, thereby releasing the earth pressure by excavation and tightening the loose ground E. In addition to being able to solidify, it becomes possible to evenly transfer the load applied to the steel supporter 10 to the ground after the casting material solidifies.
【００１８】なお、この実施例では、袋体３にはさらに
リターンホース５が設けられている（図１（Ｃ），
（Ｄ）参照）。このリターンホース５は、注入材６を注
入する際、内部の空気を適宜排除することにより、注入
材６の注入をより迅速に行えるようにするとともに、内
部に残留した空気によって注入材６の内部に気泡が形成
されるのを防ぐためのものである。In this embodiment, the bag body 3 is further provided with a return hose 5 (see FIG. 1C).
(D)). This return hose 5 makes it possible to more quickly inject the injectable material 6 by appropriately excluding the air inside when injecting the injectable material 6 and to prevent the inside of the injectable material 6 from being filled by the air remaining inside. This is to prevent the formation of bubbles in the.
【００１９】また、図２（Ａ）〜（Ｄ）は、本発明の他
の実施例を示すものである。この実施例は、全断面式の
鋼製支保工（図２（Ａ）参照）に本発明を適用したもの
で、馬蹄形の鋼製支保工１３を建込む際に、鋼製支保工
１３の脚部８とトンネルの底面地盤Ｅ´との間に生じた
空隙Ｓ´を埋めるべくこれらの間に袋体３を介在すると
ともに、袋体３内に注入材６を加圧注入するものであ
る。かかる実施例によっても脚部８と地盤Ｅ´との間の
空隙Ｓ´は充填され、注入材６が硬化した後には、上記
実施例の場合と同様に、沈下を生じることなく鋼製支保
工１３への荷重を均一に地盤Ｅ´に伝達し、トンネルの
周囲の地山の荷重を鋼製支保工１３によって安定して支
持することができる。FIGS. 2A to 2D show another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to a steel cross-support of full-section type (see FIG. 2 (A)). When the horse-shoe steel support 13 is installed, the legs of the steel support 13 are installed. The bag body 3 is interposed between the portion 8 and the bottom surface E ′ of the tunnel to fill the void S ′, and the injection material 6 is injected under pressure into the bag body 3. Also in this embodiment, the space S ′ between the leg portion 8 and the ground E ′ is filled, and after the injection material 6 hardens, as in the case of the above-mentioned embodiment, the steel supporting work without sinking occurs. It is possible to uniformly transmit the load to the ground 13 to the ground E ′, and to stably support the ground load around the tunnel by the steel supporter 13.
【００２０】[0020]
【発明の効果】以上詳細に説明したように、この発明の
鋼製支保工の設置方法によれば、建込んだ鋼製支保工の
脚部とこれの周辺の地盤との間に袋体を介在させ、この
袋体内に注入材を注入して袋体を加圧膨脹させることに
より、鋼製支保工の脚部と地盤との間の空隙を容易且つ
確実に充填することができ、これによって、注入材が固
化した後は、脚部周辺の空隙を原因とする鋼製支保工の
沈下を確実に防止することができ、トンネルを安定して
支持することができる。As described in detail above, according to the installation method of the steel shoring according to the present invention, the bag body is provided between the leg portion of the built steel shoring and the ground around it. By interposing and injecting the injection material into the bag body to expand the bag body under pressure, it is possible to easily and surely fill the gap between the leg portion of the steel support and the ground. After the injection material is solidified, the subsidence of the steel support work due to the void around the legs can be reliably prevented, and the tunnel can be stably supported.
【００２１】また、鋼製支保工の脚部と地盤と間に介装
する袋体は注入材の注入によって加圧膨脹することによ
り鋼製支保工及びこれの脚部の周辺の地盤をプレロード
し、これによって緩んだ地盤を締固めて鋼製支保工の沈
下をさらに確実に防止することもできる。Further, the bag body interposed between the leg of the steel support and the ground is inflated under pressure by the injection of the injection material, so that the steel support and the ground around the leg are preloaded. As a result, the loose ground can be compacted to further reliably prevent the subsidence of the steel support work.
【図１】この発明にかかるトンネル支保工の設置方法の
一実施例を示す説明図で、（Ａ）はトンネル１１の横断
面図であり、（Ｂ）は鋼製支保工１０の説明図であり、
（Ｃ）、（Ｄ）は注入材６の注入作業の説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of an installation method of a tunnel support work according to the present invention, (A) is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel 11, and (B) is an explanatory view of a steel support work 10. Yes,
(C), (D) is explanatory drawing of the injection | pouring operation of the injection material 6.
【図２】この発明にかかるトンネル支保工の設置方法の
他の実施例を示す説明図で、（Ａ）はトンネル１１の横
断面図であり、（Ｂ）は鋼製支保工１３の説明図であ
り、（Ｃ）、（Ｄ）は注入材６の注入作業の説明図であ
る。2A and 2B are explanatory views showing another embodiment of the installation method of the tunnel support work according to the present invention, FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel 11, and FIG. 2B is an explanatory view of the steel support work 13. And (C) and (D) are explanatory views of the injection work of the injection material 6.
２ 脚部 ３ 袋体 ４ 耐圧ホース（注入手段） ６ 注入材 １０，１３ 鋼製支保工 １１ トンネル Ｅ，Ｅ´ 地盤 Ｓ，Ｓ´ 空隙 2 Legs 3 Bag 4 Pressure-resistant hose (injection means) 6 Injection material 10,13 Steel support 11 Tunnel E, E'Ground S, S 'Void
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 西浦 秀明 東京都千代田区神田司町２丁目３番地 株 式会社大林組東京本社内 (72)発明者 中原 巌 東京都渋谷区桜丘町15番17号 日本基礎技 術株式会社内 (72)発明者 箕井 伸 大阪府大阪市北区松ケ枝町６番22号 日本 基礎技術株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Hideaki Nishiura, 2-3 Kandaji-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Obayashi Corporation Tokyo headquarters (72) Iwa Nakahara 15-17 Sakuragaoka, Shibuya-ku, Japan Japan Basic Technology Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shin Minohi 6-22 Matsugaeda-cho, Kita-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture Japan Basic Technology Co., Ltd.
Claims (1)
からの土圧を支持する鋼製支保工の設置方法において、 前記鋼製支保工をトンネルの横断面内周に沿って建込む
とともに該鋼製支保工の脚部とこれの周辺の地盤との間
に袋体を介在させ、該袋体内にモルタル、コンクリート
等の流動性を有しかつ所定時間の経過後に固化する注入
材を前記袋体に取り付けた注入手段を介して注入し、該
注入材によって前記袋体を加圧膨脹させることにより、
前記袋体を前記鋼製支保工の脚部と前記地盤との間に密
着介在させてなることを特徴とする鋼製支保工の設置方
法。1. A method of installing a steel support bar disposed on an inner peripheral surface of a tunnel to support earth pressure from an outer peripheral ground, wherein the steel support bar is constructed along an inner periphery of a cross section of the tunnel. An injecting material that is inserted and has a bag between the leg of the steel support and the ground around it, has fluidity such as mortar and concrete in the bag, and solidifies after a lapse of a predetermined time. Is injected through an injection means attached to the bag, and the bag is pressurized and expanded by the injection material,
A method for installing a steel support bar, wherein the bag body is closely contacted between a leg portion of the steel support bar and the ground.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5231867A JP2915257B2 (en) | 1993-09-17 | 1993-09-17 | How to install steel shoring |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5231867A JP2915257B2 (en) | 1993-09-17 | 1993-09-17 | How to install steel shoring |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0782997A true JPH0782997A (en) | 1995-03-28 |
| JP2915257B2 JP2915257B2 (en) | 1999-07-05 |
Family
ID=16930268
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5231867A Expired - Fee Related JP2915257B2 (en) | 1993-09-17 | 1993-09-17 | How to install steel shoring |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2915257B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8241423B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2012-08-14 | Sumco Techxiv Corporation | Silicon single crystal substrate and manufacture thereof |
| CN104895583A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-09-09 | 河南理工大学 | Tunnel surrounding rock control technology combining pressure relief and slip-casting reinforcement |
-
1993
- 1993-09-17 JP JP5231867A patent/JP2915257B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8241423B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2012-08-14 | Sumco Techxiv Corporation | Silicon single crystal substrate and manufacture thereof |
| CN104895583A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-09-09 | 河南理工大学 | Tunnel surrounding rock control technology combining pressure relief and slip-casting reinforcement |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2915257B2 (en) | 1999-07-05 |
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