JPH0772810B2 - Two-component developer for electrophotography - Google Patents
Two-component developer for electrophotographyInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0772810B2 JPH0772810B2 JP59187988A JP18798884A JPH0772810B2 JP H0772810 B2 JPH0772810 B2 JP H0772810B2 JP 59187988 A JP59187988 A JP 59187988A JP 18798884 A JP18798884 A JP 18798884A JP H0772810 B2 JPH0772810 B2 JP H0772810B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- resin
- carrier
- triboelectric charge
- styrene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/107—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having magnetic components
- G03G9/1075—Structural characteristics of the carrier particles, e.g. shape or crystallographic structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/113—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having coatings applied thereto
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は、電子写真法におけるキャリアとトナーとの組
み合わせからなる電子写真用二成分系現像剤に関する。The present invention relates to an electrophotographic two-component developer comprising a combination of a carrier and a toner in electrophotography.
［従来の技術］ 従来、電子写真法としては米国特許第2,297,691号、特
公昭42−23910号公報及び特公昭43−24748号公報などに
種々な方法が記載されている。これらの方法はいずれも
光導電層上に一様に電荷を与え、該光導電層上に原稿に
応じた光像が照射されることによって潜像が形成され、
次いで該潜像を粉末上のトナーで現像を行ない可視像と
して、必要に応じて紙などに転写し、熱，圧力等により
永久定着する。潜像を現像する過程で用いられるトナー
は、従来ポリスチレン樹脂のようなバインダーにカーボ
ンブラック等の着色剤を分散させたものを１〜30μｍ程
度に微粉砕したものが用いられてきたが、かかるトナー
は通常鉄粉又はガラスビーズ等のキャリアと混合され現
像剤として用いられる。[Prior Art] Conventionally, various methods of electrophotography have been described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,297,691, Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-23910 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-24748. In each of these methods, a latent image is formed by uniformly applying an electric charge on the photoconductive layer and irradiating the photoconductive layer with a light image corresponding to the original,
Then, the latent image is developed with toner on the powder to form a visible image, which is transferred to paper or the like as required, and permanently fixed by heat, pressure or the like. As a toner used in the process of developing a latent image, a toner in which a colorant such as carbon black is dispersed in a binder such as polystyrene resin is finely pulverized to about 1 to 30 μm, and the toner has been used. Is usually mixed with a carrier such as iron powder or glass beads and used as a developer.
従来より、多くの現像剤は、多数枚複写の場合に、１万
枚ないし３万枚の複写でトナーかぶりを生じ、また画像
濃度も低下するものであった。これらの理由としては、
多数枚の複写の場合に初期状態において鉄粉とトナーの
クローン力で強固に付着したものが潜像へ持っていかれ
ずに、数万枚の複写中には機械的圧力又は摩擦熱又は衝
撃等によりトナー成分中の比較的低分子量の成分が鉄粉
表面に融着され、表面にトナーの成分が融着したキャリ
アはトナーとの摩擦帯電が不十分となり、トナーの摩擦
帯電量が低下することがあげられ、この結果、画像にか
ぶり，画像濃度薄等を生じるようになる。Conventionally, many developers have caused toner fog in copying 10,000 to 30,000 sheets and lowering the image density when copying a large number of sheets. For these reasons,
In the case of copying a large number of sheets, the iron powder and the toner firmly adhered by the cloning force of the toner cannot be brought to the latent image in the initial state, and mechanical pressure, frictional heat, shock, etc. are generated during the copying of tens of thousands of sheets. Due to this, a relatively low molecular weight component in the toner component is fused to the iron powder surface, and the carrier having the toner component fused to the surface causes insufficient triboelectric charging with the toner, and the triboelectric charge amount of the toner decreases. As a result, fogging of the image, light image density, etc. occur.
また、トナーに対してより高い摩擦帯電量を付与するた
めに、摩擦帯電系列において、キャリアコア粒子の位置
を基準にしてトナーの位置する側と反対の側に位置する
反対極性樹脂でキャリアコア粒子表面を被覆した樹脂被
覆キャリアが知られている。反対極性樹脂でキャリアコ
ア粒子を被覆することにより、摩擦帯電されるトナーの
摩擦帯電量の値はより高くなるが、反面、トナーがキャ
リアに付着しやすくなってキャリア粒子表面が汚染され
やすく、また、低温低湿環境下においてはトナーがチャ
ージアップしやすい傾向にあった。Further, in order to impart a higher triboelectric charge amount to the toner, in the triboelectric charging series, the carrier core particles are made of the opposite polarity resin located on the side opposite to the side where the toner is located based on the position of the carrier core particles. A resin-coated carrier whose surface is coated is known. By coating the carrier core particles with the opposite polarity resin, the value of the triboelectric charge amount of the toner that is triboelectrically charged becomes higher, but on the other hand, the toner easily adheres to the carrier and the carrier particle surface is easily contaminated. In the low temperature and low humidity environment, the toner tended to be easily charged up.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］ 本発明は、上記問題点を改良した磁気ブラシ現像用キャ
リアを含有する電子写真用二成分系現像剤を提供するも
のである。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention provides a two-component developer for electrophotography containing a carrier for magnetic brush development, in which the above problems are improved.
さらに、本発明の目的は、トナーへの安定な電荷付与
と、それに基づく良好な現像性を有する電子写真用二成
分系現像剤を提供することにある。Further, an object of the present invention is to provide a two-component type developer for electrophotography, which has stable charge application to toner and good developability based on it.
さらに、本発明の目的は、長期間の使用を経ても、トナ
ー付着等の劣化のない電子写真用二成分系現像剤を提供
することにある。Further, an object of the present invention is to provide a two-component type developer for electrophotography which does not deteriorate due to toner adhesion even after long-term use.
さらに、本発明の目的は、高温高湿・低温低湿等の特殊
環境下においても安定な現像性を有する電子写真用二成
分系現像剤を提供することにある。A further object of the present invention is to provide a two-component developer for electrophotography, which has stable developability even under special environments such as high temperature and high humidity and low temperature and low humidity.
［課題を解決するための手段及び作用］ 具体的には、本発明は、トナーと、樹脂被覆キャリアと
を含有する電子写真用二成分系現像剤において、該トナ
ーと、該樹脂被覆キャリアと、キャリアコアとが下記条
件 0.18≦T2/T2≦0.77 ［式中、 T1は、樹脂被覆する前のキャリアコアと該トナーとの摩
擦帯電量を示し、且つ、T1の絶対値が15.1〜30.2μC/g
であり、 T2は、該樹脂被覆キャリアとトナーとの摩擦帯電量を示
し、 摩擦帯電量T1とT2の極性は同一であり、摩擦帯電量T2は
摩擦帯電量T1よりも絶対値で3.5μC/g以上低い。］ を満足することを特徴とする電子写真用二成分系現像剤
に関する。[Means and Actions for Solving the Problems] Specifically, the present invention provides a two-component developer for electrophotography containing a toner and a resin-coated carrier, the toner, the resin-coated carrier, and the carrier core and the following condition 0.18 ≦ T 2 / T 2 ≦ 0.77 [ wherein, T 1 denotes a triboelectric charge quantity of the carrier core and the toner prior to resin coating, and the absolute value of T 1 is 15.1 ~ 30.2 μC / g
Where T 2 represents the triboelectric charge amount between the resin-coated carrier and the toner, the triboelectric charge amounts T 1 and T 2 have the same polarity, and the triboelectric charge amount T 2 is more absolute than the triboelectric charge amount T 1. The value is lower than 3.5 μC / g. ] The present invention relates to a two-component developer for electrophotography, which satisfies:
即ち、本発明者らは、二成分系現像剤においては、トナ
ーとキャリアとの摩擦帯電量を調整し、キャリア粒子と
トナー粒子間の離型性と、キャリアによるトナーの搬送
性とのバランスを保つことが重要であり、上記のような
構成により、それが達成できることを見い出したもので
ある。That is, the present inventors have adjusted the triboelectric charge amount between the toner and the carrier in the two-component developer to balance the releasability between the carrier particles and the toner particles and the toner transportability by the carrier. It is important to keep it, and it has been found that the above configuration can achieve it.
本発明において、トナーとは、未外添のトナー（すなわ
ち、トナー構成微粉末）または外添剤を有するトナー
（すなわち、トナー構成微粉末と外添剤との混合粉体）
をいう。トナー構成微粉末とは、樹脂中に着色剤，荷電
制御剤等を、ほぼ均一分散させた現像用トナーを指し、
一般に結着樹脂，着色剤，荷電制御等を 溶融混練・冷却・粉砕・分級したもの， 溶融混練・液中への分散・造粒したもの， 溶融混練・気体中への噴霧・造粒したもの 或は着色剤，荷電制御剤を分散させた単量体を造粒し重
合したものを示す。In the present invention, the toner is a toner that has not been externally added (that is, a toner constituent fine powder) or a toner having an external additive (that is, a mixed powder of the toner constituent fine powder and the external additive).
Say. Toner constituent fine powder refers to a developing toner in which a colorant, a charge control agent, and the like are almost uniformly dispersed in a resin,
In general, binder resin, colorant, charge control, etc. melt-kneaded, cooled, crushed, classified, melt-kneaded, dispersed in liquid, granulated, melt-kneaded, sprayed in gas, granulated Alternatively, it shows a product obtained by granulating and polymerizing a monomer in which a colorant and a charge control agent are dispersed.
また、上記構成のトナー粒子の外部を樹脂コートした、
いわゆるマイクロカプセル状のトナー粒子であっても良
い。Further, the outside of the toner particles having the above structure is coated with a resin,
It may be so-called microcapsule-shaped toner particles.
キャリアと混合して使用するトナーとしては、上記トナ
ー構成微粉末をそのまま用いても良いし、それに流動性
向上剤，荷電制御剤，研磨剤等を外添混合したものを用
いても良い。As the toner to be mixed with the carrier, the fine powder of the above toner may be used as it is, or a fluidity improver, a charge control agent, an abrasive and the like may be externally added and mixed.
本発明においては、後述する実施例に示す如く、トナー
とキャリアコアとの摩擦帯電量T1と、トナーと該キャリ
アコアを樹脂で被覆した樹脂被覆キャリアとの摩擦帯電
量T2との関係を上記の如く規定して、摩擦帯電量T2を摩
擦帯電量T1よりも低く抑制することによってトナーの摩
擦帯電量，トナー粒子のキャリアから離型性，キャリア
粒子によるトナーの搬送性を好適に調整し得たものであ
る。これにより、実施例を参照すれば明らかな如く、本
発明の二成分系現像剤は、現像性，多数枚耐久性及び環
境安全性に優れている。In the present invention, as shown in the examples below, the triboelectric charge T 1 of the toner and carrier core, the toner and the carrier core the relationship between the frictional charge amount T 2 of the resin-coated carrier coated with a resin By controlling the triboelectric charge amount T 2 to be lower than the triboelectric charge amount T 1 as defined above, the triboelectric charge amount of the toner, the releasability of the toner particles from the carrier, and the toner transportability by the carrier particles are suitably adjusted. It could be adjusted. Therefore, as is apparent from the examples, the two-component developer of the present invention is excellent in developability, durability of a large number of sheets, and environmental safety.
本発明に用いられるトナーの結着樹脂としては、ポリス
チレン、ポリｐ−クロルスチレン、ポリビニルトルエン
などのスチレン及びその置換体の単重合体；スチレン−
ｐ−クロルスチレン共重合体、スチレン−プロピレン共
重合体、スチレン−ビニルトルエン共重合体、スチレン
−ビニルナフタリン共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸メ
チル共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸エチル共重合体、
スチレン−アクリル酸ブチル共重合体、スチレン−アク
リル酸オクチル共重合体、スチレン−メタクリル酸メチ
ル共重合体、スチレン−メタクリル酸エチル共重合体、
スチレン−メタクリル酸ブチル共重合体、スチレン−ア
クリル−アミノアクリル系共重合体、スチレン−アミノ
アクリル系共重合体、スチレン−αクロルメタクリル酸
メチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリロニトリル共重合
体、スチレン−ビニルメチルエーテル共重合体、スチレ
ン−ビニルエチルエーテル共重合体、スチレン−ビニル
メチルケトン共重合体、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合
体、スチレン−イソプレン共重合体、スチレン−アクリ
ロニトリル−インデン共重合体、スチレン−マレイン酸
共重合体、スチレン−マレイン酸エステル共重合体など
のスチレン系共重合体；ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポ
リブチルメタクリレート、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ酢酸ビ
ニル、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステル、
ポリウレタン、ポリアミド、エポキシ樹脂、ポリビニル
ブチラール、ポリアクリル酸樹脂、ロジン、変性ロジ
ン、テルペ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、脂肪族又は脂環族炭
化水素樹脂、芳香族系石油樹脂、塩素化パラフィン、パ
ラフィンワックスなどが単独或は混合して使用できる。As the binder resin of the toner used in the present invention, a homopolymer of styrene such as polystyrene, poly-p-chlorostyrene, and polyvinyltoluene, or a substitution product thereof; styrene-
p-chlorostyrene copolymer, styrene-propylene copolymer, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymer, styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymer,
Styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-octyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer,
Styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acryl-amino acrylic copolymer, styrene-amino acrylic copolymer, styrene-α-methyl chloromethacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl Methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymer, styrene-malein Styrene-based copolymers such as acid copolymers and styrene-maleic acid ester copolymers; polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester,
Polyurethane, polyamide, epoxy resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic acid resin, rosin, modified rosin, terpe resin, phenol resin, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, aromatic petroleum resin, chlorinated paraffin, paraffin wax, etc. They can be used alone or as a mixture.
トナーにおいては、任意の適当な顔料や染料が着色剤と
して使用可能である。例えば、カーボンブラック、フタ
ロシアニンブルー、群青、キナクリドン、ベンジジンイ
エローなど公知の染顔料がある。In the toner, any suitable pigment or dye can be used as a colorant. For example, there are known dyes and pigments such as carbon black, phthalocyanine blue, ultramarine blue, quinacridone, and benzidine yellow.
また、荷電制御剤としてアミノ化合物、第４級アンモニ
ウム化合物および有機染料、特に塩基性染料とその塩、
ベンジルジメチル−ヘキサデシルアンモニウムクロライ
ド、デシルートリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、ニグ
ロシン塩基、ニグロシンヒドロクロライド、サフラニン
γ及びクリスタルバイオレット、含金属染料、サリチル
酸含金属化合物を添加しても良い。さらに本発明の効果
を妨げない程度に磁性粉を添加しても良い。Further, as a charge control agent, an amino compound, a quaternary ammonium compound and an organic dye, particularly a basic dye and a salt thereof,
Benzyldimethyl-hexadecyl ammonium chloride, decyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride, nigrosine base, nigrosine hydrochloride, safranine γ and crystal violet, metal-containing dyes, salicylic acid-containing metal compounds may be added. Further, magnetic powder may be added to the extent that the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
すなわち、樹脂被覆キャリア粒子においては、一般にキ
ャリアコア粒子表面が部分的に露出している部分があ
り、トナーに対するキャリアコア粒子の摩擦帯電付与能
も考慮する必要がある。本発明の二成分系現像剤におい
ては、キャリアコアとトナーとの摩擦帯電量T1を15.1〜
30.2μC/gとすることによって、キャリアコアの表面が
露出している部分においても適度な摩擦電荷をトナーに
付与し、さらに、樹脂被覆キャリアとトナーとの摩擦帯
電量T2と摩擦帯電量T1とを同極性にし、T2とT1の比（T2
/T1）を0.18乃至0.77とし、且つ、T2をT1よりも絶対値
で3.5μC/g以上低くすることによって、トナーの良好な
現像性を維持しつつ、樹脂被覆キャリア粒子からのトナ
ー粒子の離型性を向上させて、トナー粒子の付着を防止
し、多数枚耐久性を向上させ、また、低温低湿環境下で
のトナーのチャージアップ等を良好に抑制し得るもので
ある。以上のトナーの構成は、一般に行われている混練
−粉砕法による現像剤に用いても良いし、マイクロカプ
セル現像剤の壁材又は芯材或はその両方に用いることも
可能である。That is, in the resin-coated carrier particles, the surface of the carrier core particles is generally partially exposed, and it is necessary to consider the ability of the carrier core particles to impart triboelectric charge to the toner. In the two-component developer of the present invention, the triboelectric charge amount T 1 between the carrier core and the toner is 15.1 to
By setting it to 30.2 μC / g, a proper frictional charge is given to the toner even in the part where the surface of the carrier core is exposed, and further, the frictional charge amount T 2 between the resin-coated carrier and the toner and the frictional charge amount T 1 and the same polarity, the ratio of T 2 and T 1 (T 2
/ T 1 ) is 0.18 to 0.77, and T 2 is lower than T 1 by 3.5 μC / g or more in absolute value, so that toner from resin-coated carrier particles can be maintained while maintaining good developability of the toner. It is possible to improve releasability of particles, prevent adhesion of toner particles, improve durability of a large number of sheets, and satisfactorily suppress toner charge-up in a low temperature and low humidity environment. The toner composition described above may be used for a developer by a commonly used kneading-pulverization method, or may be used for a wall material or a core material of a microcapsule developer, or both.
一方、本発明に使用されるキャリアとしては、例えば表
面酸化又は未酸化の鉄、ニッケル、コバルト、マンガ
ン、クロム、希土類等の金属及びそれらの合金又は酸化
物等が使用できる。また、その使用方法として特別な制
約はない。On the other hand, as the carrier used in the present invention, for example, surface-oxidized or unoxidized metals such as iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium, rare earths, and alloys or oxides thereof can be used. In addition, there are no special restrictions on how to use it.
また、前記条件を満足すべきキャリアの処理方法として
は、一般に、キャリアコアとしての磁性粒子表面に樹脂
又は染顔料又は荷電制御剤又は流動性制御剤等を単独或
は複数で固着せしめる方法が取られる。固着方法として
は、粉末で混合し、熱で溶融もしくは軟化せしめて磁性
粒子に付着せしめる方法；溶剤に溶解もしくは懸濁せし
めて塗布しキャリアコアに付着せしめる方法；単に粉体
で混合する方法等、従来公知の方法がいずれも適用でき
る。In addition, as a method of treating a carrier that should satisfy the above conditions, generally, a method of fixing a resin, a dye / pigment, a charge control agent, a fluidity control agent, or the like alone or in plural on the surface of magnetic particles as a carrier core is used. To be As the fixing method, a method of mixing with powder and melting or softening with heat to adhere to magnetic particles; a method of dissolving or suspending in a solvent and applying and adhering to a carrier core; a method of simply mixing with powder, etc. Any conventionally known method can be applied.
キャリアコア表面への固着物質としてはトナー材料によ
り異なるが、例えばポリテトラフルオロエチレン重合
体、モノクロロトリフルオロエチレン重合体、ポリフッ
化ビニリデン樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、ポリエステル樹
脂、ジターシャリーブチルサリチル酸の金属錯体、スチ
レン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ポリアミド、ポリビニル
ブチラール、ニグロシン、アミノアクリレート樹脂等の
樹脂が挙げられる。The substance adhered to the surface of the carrier core varies depending on the toner material, and examples thereof include polytetrafluoroethylene polymer, monochlorotrifluoroethylene polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, silicone resin, polyester resin, metal complex of ditertiary butyl salicylic acid, and styrene. Examples thereof include resins such as resin, acrylic resin, polyamide, polyvinyl butyral, nigrosine, and amino acrylate resin.
上記化合物の処理量は、キャリアが前記条件を満足する
よう適宜決定すれば良いが、一般には総量でキャリアに
対して0.1〜30重量％（好ましくは0.5〜20重量％）が好
ましい。The treatment amount of the above compound may be appropriately determined so that the carrier satisfies the above conditions, but generally, the total amount is preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight (preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight) based on the carrier.
本発明におけるトナー構成微粒子とキャリアとの摩擦帯
電量の測定法を図面を用いて詳述する。The method for measuring the triboelectric charge amount between the toner-constituting fine particles and the carrier in the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
第１図はトナーの摩擦帯電量を測定する装置の説明図で
ある。先ず、底に400メッシュ（キャリアの通過しない
大きさに適宜変更可能）の導電性スクリーン１のある金
属製の測定容器２に、摩擦帯電量を測定しようとするト
ナー構成微粉体又はトナーとキャリアとを重量比1:9で
混合した混合物（現像剤）約4gを入れ金属製のフタ３を
する。このときの測定容器２全体の重量を計りW1（ｇ）
とする。次に、吸引機４（測定容器２と接する部分は少
なくとも絶縁体）において、吸引口５から吸引し、風量
調節弁６を調整して真空計７の圧力を70mm Hgとする。
この状態で十分（約１分間）吸引を行い、トナー構成微
粉体又はトナーを吸引除去する。このときの電位計８の
電位をＶ（ボルト）とする。ここで９はコンデンサーで
あり容量をＣ（μＦ）とする。また、吸引後の測定容器
全体の重量を計りW2（ｇ）とする。このトナー構成微粉
体又はトナーの摩擦帯電量Ｔ（μC/g）は下式の如く計
算される。FIG. 1 is an illustration of an apparatus for measuring the triboelectric charge amount of toner. First, in a metal measuring container 2 having a conductive screen 1 of 400 mesh at the bottom (which can be appropriately changed to a size through which a carrier does not pass), a toner constituent fine powder or a toner and a carrier to be measured for triboelectric charge Approximately 4 g of a mixture (developer) in which the weight ratio of 1: 9 was mixed is put and the lid 3 made of metal is placed. Weigh the entire measuring container 2 at this time W 1 (g)
And Next, in the suction device 4 (at least the portion in contact with the measurement container 2 is an insulator), suction is performed from the suction port 5, and the air volume control valve 6 is adjusted to bring the pressure of the vacuum gauge 7 to 70 mm Hg.
In this state, suction is sufficiently performed (for about 1 minute) to remove fine powder or toner constituting the toner by suction. The potential of the electrometer 8 at this time is V (volt). Here, 9 is a condenser, and the capacitance is C (μF). In addition, the total weight of the measuring container after suction is weighed to be W 2 (g). The triboelectric charge amount T (μC / g) of the toner constituent fine powder or toner is calculated by the following formula.
但し、測定条件は23℃,50％RHとする。 However, the measurement conditions are 23 ° C and 50% RH.
キャリアとトナー構成微粉末はトナーとの混合比は、キ
ャリア100重量部に対し、トナー構成微粉末又はトナー
１〜20重量部とするのが好ましい。The mixing ratio of the carrier and the toner constituting fine powder is preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight of the toner constituting fine powder or toner with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carrier.
［実施例］ 以下、実施例により本発明を更に詳しく説明する。部は
重量部である。[Examples] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. Parts are parts by weight.
実施例１ スチレン−ブチルアクリレート−無水マレイン酸（70:3
0:5）共重合体 100部 ニグロシン 2部 カーボンブラック 5部 上記材料を溶融混練・粉砕・分級して平均粒径８μｍの
トナー構成微粉末を得た。Example 1 Styrene-butyl acrylate-maleic anhydride (70: 3
0: 5) Copolymer 100 parts Nigrosine 2 parts Carbon black 5 parts The above materials were melt-kneaded, pulverized and classified to obtain a toner constituting fine powder having an average particle diameter of 8 μm.
次に、ブチルアクリレート重合体５部をキシレン100部
に溶解させ、その中に不定形鉄粉（粒径約50〜100μm;
キャリアコアとして使用）100部を分散させた後、キシ
レンを加熱除去し、十分乾燥させて樹脂被覆キャリアを
得た。Next, 5 parts of butyl acrylate polymer is dissolved in 100 parts of xylene, and the amorphous iron powder (particle size of about 50 to 100 μm;
(Used as carrier core) 100 parts were dispersed, xylene was removed by heating, and sufficiently dried to obtain a resin-coated carrier.
上記トナー構成微粉末と樹脂被覆キャリアとキャリアコ
アとの摩擦帯電量は表１の如くであり、本発明の条件を
満足していた。The triboelectric charge amounts of the above-mentioned toner-constituting fine powder, the resin-coated carrier, and the carrier core are as shown in Table 1, which satisfied the conditions of the present invention.
この樹脂被覆キャリア100部にトナー（トナー構成微粉
末をそのままトナーとして用いた）８部を混合して二成
分系現像剤を調製し、調製した二成分系現像剤をキヤノ
ン製NP−8500複写機に投入して画出したところ、良好な
画像が得られ、順次トナーを補給しながら10万枚の複写
を行っても画像に変化はなかった。また、高温高湿・低
温低湿という特殊環境下においても同様に良好な結果が
得られた。A 100 parts of this resin-coated carrier was mixed with 8 parts of toner (fine powder of toner was used as a toner as it was) to prepare a two-component developer, and the prepared two-component developer was manufactured by Canon NP-8500 copier. A good image was obtained when the image was put into the image forming apparatus, and the image was not changed even when 100,000 copies were made while sequentially supplying the toner. In addition, similar results were obtained under the special environment of high temperature and high humidity and low temperature and low humidity.
比較例１ 未処理の不定形鉄粉をキャリアとして用いた以外は、実
施例１と同様に行ったところ、5000枚の複写においてト
ナーがキャリアから離れにくくなり、画像濃度が著しく
低下した。Comparative Example 1 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that untreated amorphous iron powder was used as the carrier, and after 5000 sheets were copied, the toner became difficult to separate from the carrier, and the image density significantly decreased.
実施例２ ポリエステル樹脂 100部 ローダミンレーキ顔料 5部 上記材料を溶融混練・粉砕・分級して平均粒径９μｍの
トナー構成微粉末を得た。Example 2 Polyester resin 100 parts Rhodamine lake pigment 5 parts The above materials were melt-kneaded, pulverized and classified to obtain a toner constituting fine powder having an average particle diameter of 9 μm.
次にポリフッ化ビニリデン微粉末３部をキシレン100部
に分散し、その中に実施例１で用いた不定形鉄粉（キャ
リアコアとして使用）100部を投入し、撹拌しながら、
キシレンを加熱除去し、樹脂被覆キャリアを得た。Next, 3 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride fine powder is dispersed in 100 parts of xylene, and 100 parts of the amorphous iron powder (used as a carrier core) used in Example 1 is put therein, and while stirring,
Xylene was removed by heating to obtain a resin-coated carrier.
上記トナー構成微粉末と樹脂被覆キャリアとキャリアコ
アとの摩擦帯電量は、表１に示すようになった。The triboelectric charge amounts of the above-mentioned toner-constituting fine powder, resin-coated carrier and carrier core are shown in Table 1.
この樹脂被覆キャリア100部と、トナー構成微粉末にシ
リカ0.3重量％を外添して得られたトナー５部と混合し
て二成分系現像剤を調製し、調製した二成分系現像剤を
キヤノン製NP−5000複写機に投入して５万枚の複写を行
ったところ、終始良好な画像が得られた。また、二成分
系現像剤の環境特性も良好であった。100 parts of this resin-coated carrier was mixed with 5 parts of toner obtained by externally adding 0.3% by weight of silica to the toner-constituting fine powder to prepare a two-component developer, and the prepared two-component developer was used as Canon. When it was put into an NP-5000 copier manufactured by KK and 50,000 copies were made, a good image was obtained from beginning to end. Also, the two-component developer had good environmental characteristics.
比較例２ 不定形鉄粉100部に対するポリフッ化ビニリデンの処置
量を30部とした以外は実施例２と同様に行ったところ、
トナーと樹脂被覆キャリアとが混合しにくく、樹脂被覆
キャリアのトナー搬送性が低下して画像が薄くなった。Comparative Example 2 The procedure of Example 2 was repeated except that the treatment amount of polyvinylidene fluoride was 100 parts with respect to 100 parts of the irregular iron powder.
The toner was difficult to mix with the resin-coated carrier, and the toner-conveying property of the resin-coated carrier was deteriorated, and the image became thin.
トナー構成微粉末と樹脂被覆キャリアとキャリアコアと
の摩擦帯電量を表１に示す。表１に示す如く、本発明で
規定している条件を満足していなかった。Table 1 shows the triboelectric charge amounts of the toner constituent fine powder, the resin-coated carrier and the carrier core. As shown in Table 1, the conditions specified in the present invention were not satisfied.
比較例３ スチレン−メチルメタクリレート共重合体（共重合比3
0:70）0.5部をキャリコアの被覆用樹脂として使用する
以外は、実施例２と同様にして二成分系現像剤を調製し
た。トナーの摩擦帯電量T1は−30.2μC/gであり、樹脂
被覆キャリアに対するトナーの摩擦帯電量T2は−30.8μ
C/gであり、T2/T1は1.02であった。この二成分系現像剤
を用いて実施例２と同様にして低温低湿環境下で画出し
したところ、多数枚耐久性中にトナーがチャージアップ
し、画像濃度が徐々に低下しはじめた。Comparative Example 3 Styrene-methylmethacrylate copolymer (copolymerization ratio 3
0:70) A two-component type developer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 0.5 part was used as the coating resin for the calicore. The toner triboelectric charge amount T 1 is −30.2 μC / g, and the toner triboelectric charge amount T 2 with respect to the resin-coated carrier is −30.8 μC.
A C / g, T 2 / T 1 was 1.02. When this two-component developer was used to perform image formation in a low temperature and low humidity environment in the same manner as in Example 2, the toner was charged up during the durability of a large number of sheets, and the image density began to gradually decrease.
これに対して、実施例２の二成分系現像剤は低温低湿環
境下における多数枚耐久中においても画像濃度が安定し
ていた。On the other hand, the image density of the two-component developer of Example 2 was stable even during the durability test for many sheets under a low temperature and low humidity environment.
実施例３ ブチルアクリレート重合体５部とニグロシン染料１部と
キシレン100部に溶解させ、その中に不定形鉄粉（粒径
約50〜100μm;キャリアコアとして使用）100部を分散さ
せた後、キシレンを加熱除去し、十分乾燥させて樹脂被
覆キャリアを得た。得られた樹脂被覆キャリアを使用す
る以外は実施例１と同様にして二成分系現像剤を調製
し、実施例１と同様にして画出しを行ったところ、良好
な結果が得られた。トナー構成微粉末と樹脂被覆キャリ
アとキャリアコアとの摩擦帯電量を、表１に示す。Example 3 After dissolving 5 parts of butyl acrylate polymer, 1 part of nigrosine dye and 100 parts of xylene, 100 parts of irregular iron powder (particle size of about 50 to 100 μm; used as carrier core) was dispersed therein, Xylene was removed by heating and dried sufficiently to obtain a resin-coated carrier. A two-component developer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained resin-coated carrier was used, and image formation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, good results were obtained. Table 1 shows the triboelectric charge amounts of the toner-constituting fine powder, the resin-coated carrier, and the carrier core.
実施例４ ポリスチレン５部とジ（tert−ブチルサリチル酸）クロ
ム錯体１部とをキシレン100部に溶解させ、その中に実
施例１で用いた不定形鉄粉（キャリアコアとして使用）
100部を投入し、分散させた後、キシレンを加熱除去
し、十分乾燥させて樹脂被覆キャリアを得た。得られた
樹脂被覆キャリアを使用する以外は、実施例２と同様に
して二成分系現像剤を調製し、実施例２と同様に画出し
を行ったところ、良好な結果が得られた。トナー構成微
粉末と樹脂被覆キャリアとキャリアコアとの摩擦帯電量
を、表１に示す。Example 4 5 parts of polystyrene and 1 part of di (tert-butylsalicylic acid) chromium complex were dissolved in 100 parts of xylene, and the amorphous iron powder used in Example 1 therein (used as a carrier core).
After 100 parts was added and dispersed, xylene was removed by heating and sufficiently dried to obtain a resin-coated carrier. A two-component developer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the obtained resin-coated carrier was used, and image formation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2. As a result, good results were obtained. Table 1 shows the triboelectric charge amounts of the toner-constituting fine powder, the resin-coated carrier, and the carrier core.
［発明の効果］ 本発明の二成分系現像剤は、上記のようにキャリアコア
の表面を特定の摩擦帯電量となる樹脂被覆処理を施して
あり、トナーに対し安定な電荷付与が確保され、長期間
の使用あるいは特殊環境下においても上記安定な電荷付
与性は変化しないため、良好な現像性を有し、長期間の
使用を経てもトナー付着等の劣化がなく、また、高温高
湿・低温低湿等の特殊環境下においても安定な現像性を
有する。 [Advantages of the Invention] The two-component developer of the present invention has the surface of the carrier core subjected to the resin coating treatment so as to have a specific triboelectric charge amount as described above, and stable charge application to the toner is ensured. The stable charge-providing property does not change even after long-term use or under a special environment, so that it has good developability and does not deteriorate such as toner adhesion even after long-term use. Stable developability even under special environment such as low temperature and low humidity.
第１図は、本発明における摩擦帯電量測定装置の概略説
明図である。 １……導電性スクリーン ２……測定容器 ３……金属製のフタ ４……吸引機 ５……吸引口 ６……風量調節弁 ７……真空計 ８……電位計 ９……コンデンサーFIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of a triboelectric charge amount measuring device according to the present invention. 1 ... Conductive screen 2 ... Measuring container 3 ... Metal lid 4 ... Suction machine 5 ... Suction port 6 ... Air flow control valve 7 ... Vacuum meter 8 ... Electrometer 9 ... Condenser
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭59−19952（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭58−14148（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭56−113145（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭58−168056（ＪＰ，Ａ) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── --- Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A-59-19952 (JP, A) JP-A-58-14148 (JP, A) JP-A-56-113145 (JP, A) JP-A-58- 168056 (JP, A)
Claims (1)
電子写真用二成分系現像剤において、該トナーと、該樹
脂被覆キャリアと、キャリアコアとが下記条件 0.18≦T2/T2≦0.77 ［式中、 T1は、樹脂被覆する前のキャリアコアと該トナーとの摩
擦帯電量を示し、且つ、T1の絶対値が15.1〜30.2μC/g
であり、 T2は、該樹脂被覆キャリアとトナーとの摩擦帯電量を示
し、 摩擦帯電量T1とT2の極性は同一であり、摩擦帯電量T2は
摩擦帯電量T1よりも絶対値で3.5μC/g以上低い。］ を満足することを特徴とする電子写真用二成分系現像
剤。1. A two-component electrophotographic developer containing a toner and a resin-coated carrier, wherein the toner, the resin-coated carrier and the carrier core satisfy the following condition: 0.18 ≦ T 2 / T 2 ≦ 0.77. [In the formula, T 1 represents the triboelectric charge amount between the carrier core and the toner before resin coating, and the absolute value of T 1 is 15.1 to 30.2 μC / g.
Where T 2 represents the triboelectric charge amount between the resin-coated carrier and the toner, the triboelectric charge amounts T 1 and T 2 have the same polarity, and the triboelectric charge amount T 2 is more absolute than the triboelectric charge amount T 1. The value is lower than 3.5 μC / g. ] A two-component developer for electrophotography, which satisfies:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59187988A JPH0772810B2 (en) | 1984-09-10 | 1984-09-10 | Two-component developer for electrophotography |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59187988A JPH0772810B2 (en) | 1984-09-10 | 1984-09-10 | Two-component developer for electrophotography |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6167042A JPS6167042A (en) | 1986-04-07 |
| JPH0772810B2 true JPH0772810B2 (en) | 1995-08-02 |
Family
ID=16215652
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59187988A Expired - Lifetime JPH0772810B2 (en) | 1984-09-10 | 1984-09-10 | Two-component developer for electrophotography |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0772810B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2797294B2 (en) * | 1987-01-29 | 1998-09-17 | ミノルタ株式会社 | Binder type carrier |
| JP4727551B2 (en) * | 2006-10-20 | 2011-07-20 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Harness protector |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4287287A (en) * | 1980-01-28 | 1981-09-01 | Xerox Corporation | Electrostatographic carrier coated with thixotropic compositions |
| JPS5814148A (en) * | 1981-07-20 | 1983-01-26 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Electrostatic image developing agent |
| US4600677A (en) * | 1982-03-15 | 1986-07-15 | Xerox Corporation | Organoalkoxysilane carrier coatings |
| JPS5919952A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1984-02-01 | Toshiba Corp | Developing agent |
| JPS6050542A (en) * | 1983-08-31 | 1985-03-20 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Carrier for two component type developer |
-
1984
- 1984-09-10 JP JP59187988A patent/JPH0772810B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6167042A (en) | 1986-04-07 |
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