JPH0754846A - High speed rotary shaft device - Google Patents
High speed rotary shaft deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0754846A JPH0754846A JP21791493A JP21791493A JPH0754846A JP H0754846 A JPH0754846 A JP H0754846A JP 21791493 A JP21791493 A JP 21791493A JP 21791493 A JP21791493 A JP 21791493A JP H0754846 A JPH0754846 A JP H0754846A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rotary shaft
- speed
- shaft
- thrust
- radial
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
- F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
- F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
- F16C32/0442—Active magnetic bearings with devices affected by abnormal, undesired or non-standard conditions such as shock-load, power outage, start-up or touchdown
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
- F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
- F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
- F16C32/0444—Details of devices to control the actuation of the electromagnets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2231/00—Running-in; Initial operation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
- F16C2300/40—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to environment, i.e. operating conditions
- F16C2300/62—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to environment, i.e. operating conditions low pressure, e.g. elements operating under vacuum conditions
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明に係る高速回転軸装置
は、例えば遠心分離機等に組み込んで、試料ホルダを回
転駆動する為の回転軸を、数万乃至数十万r.p.m.の超高
速で超高速回転自在とする構造を得るものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A high-speed rotary shaft device according to the present invention is incorporated in, for example, a centrifuge or the like, and has a rotary shaft for driving a sample holder to rotate at an ultrahigh speed of tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands rpm. The structure is such that it can rotate at high speed.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】病理検査等の為、患者から採取した血液
等の病理検体を遠心分離機により処理する事が一般的に
行なわれている。遠心分離機では回転軸を超高速で回転
させる必要があるが、この様な超高速回転を実現させる
為には、 回転軸の曲げ危険速度をできるだけ高く設定し、この
曲げ危険速度以下で使用する剛性軸方式と、 回転軸の曲げ危険速度以上で使用する弾性軸方式との
２通りの方式がある。2. Description of the Related Art For a pathological examination or the like, a pathological specimen such as blood collected from a patient is generally processed by a centrifuge. In a centrifuge, it is necessary to rotate the rotating shaft at ultra-high speed, but in order to realize such ultra-high speed rotation, the bending critical speed of the rotating shaft should be set as high as possible and used below this bending critical speed. There are two types of methods, a rigid axis method and an elastic axis method that is used above the critical speed of bending of the rotating axis.
【０００３】上記の剛性軸方式の場合には、回転軸の
曲げ剛性を高くする為に、この回転軸の外径を太くする
等の必要があるが、現実的な遠心分離機を構成する為に
は回転軸の太さにも限度がある。この為、剛性軸方式に
よって１２００００r.p.m.を越える様な超高速回転を実
現する事は難しい。In the case of the rigid shaft system, it is necessary to increase the outer diameter of the rotating shaft in order to increase the bending rigidity of the rotating shaft, but to construct a realistic centrifuge. There is a limit to the thickness of the rotating shaft. Therefore, it is difficult to realize ultra-high speed rotation exceeding 120,000 rpm by the rigid axis method.
【０００４】一方、上記に示した弾性軸方式は、回転
軸の曲げ危険速度が比較的低速域になる様に回転軸が細
径部を有する構造として曲がりを抑える事なく回転を上
昇させて危険速度を通過させ、回転軸を危険速度以上の
高速回転域迄使用する。この様な弾性軸方式の遠心分離
機として従来から、実公昭４３−３０６０７号公報、同
４３−３１５０７号公報に記載されたものが知られてい
る。図５は、この様な弾性軸方式の遠心分離機の基本構
造を示している。On the other hand, the elastic shaft system described above has a structure in which the rotating shaft has a small-diameter portion so that the bending dangerous speed of the rotating shaft is in a relatively low speed range, and the rotation is increased without suppressing bending, which is dangerous. Pass the speed and use the rotating shaft up to the high-speed rotation range above the critical speed. As such an elastic shaft type centrifugal separator, those described in JP-B-43-30607 and JP-B-43-31507 have been conventionally known. FIG. 5 shows the basic structure of such an elastic shaft type centrifugal separator.
【０００５】上下１対の玉軸受１、１により、鉛直方向
に亙って回転自在に支持された主軸２の下方部には試料
ホルダ３を、主軸２よりも径が小さい連結軸４を介して
吊り下げている。試料ホルダ３の上面には、病理検体等
の試料を入れた試験管（図示せず）を差し込む為の複数
の支持孔５、５が、等間隔で設けられている。又、上記
連結軸４の中間部には、連結軸４が極端に大きく曲がる
事を防ぐ様に連結軸４に対して空隙を介して保護用玉軸
受６を設置している。試料を遠心分離する場合、この試
料を入れた試験管を上記支持孔５、５に差し込み、図示
しないモータにより主軸２及び連結軸４を介して、試料
ホルダ３を高速で回転させる。A sample holder 3 is provided below a main shaft 2 which is rotatably supported in a vertical direction by a pair of upper and lower ball bearings 1, 1, and a connecting shaft 4 having a diameter smaller than that of the main shaft 2 is interposed. Hanging. On the upper surface of the sample holder 3, a plurality of support holes 5 and 5 for inserting a test tube (not shown) containing a sample such as a pathological sample are provided at equal intervals. In addition, a protective ball bearing 6 is installed in the intermediate portion of the connecting shaft 4 so as to prevent the connecting shaft 4 from being bent extremely greatly, with a gap being provided in the connecting shaft 4. When centrifuging a sample, a test tube containing this sample is inserted into the support holes 5 and 5, and the sample holder 3 is rotated at high speed by a motor (not shown) via the main shaft 2 and the connecting shaft 4.
【０００６】ところが、上述の様に、主軸２や連結軸４
を玉軸受１、１で支承した構造を有する遠心分離機の場
合、玉軸受１、１の摩擦力によって、主軸２の回転速度
をあまり高くできない。特に、試料ホルダ３にセットし
た試験管中の試料の量が僅かに異なる等の理由により、
回転に伴って上記主軸２や連結軸４に遠心力が加わった
場合、玉軸受１、１の摩擦力が大きくなって、主軸２の
回転速度を高くできなくなるばかりか、玉軸受１、１の
寿命が短くなってしまう。However, as described above, the main shaft 2 and the connecting shaft 4 are
In the case of a centrifugal separator having a structure in which the ball bearings 1 and 1 are supported, the rotational speed of the main shaft 2 cannot be increased so much due to the frictional force of the ball bearings 1 and 1. Especially, because the amount of the sample in the test tube set in the sample holder 3 is slightly different,
When a centrifugal force is applied to the main shaft 2 and the connecting shaft 4 due to the rotation, the frictional force of the ball bearings 1 and 1 becomes large, so that the rotation speed of the main shaft 2 cannot be increased, and the ball bearings 1 and 1 cannot be rotated. The life will be shortened.
【０００７】この為、図５に示す様な構造の場合、試料
ホルダ３の回転速度の上限は１２００００万r.p.m.程度
である。それ以上の回転速度が必要な場合には、例えば
特開平４−２４４２５０号公報に記載されている様に、
電磁石の力によって回転軸を非接触状態で支持する、磁
気軸受を組み込んだ遠心分離機が使用される。磁気軸受
を組み込んだ遠心分離機の場合には、回転軸は何れの部
分にも非接触な（浮上した）状態で支持される為、この
回転軸を超高速で回転させる事ができる。この為、回転
軸上端部の試料ホルダに差し込まれた試験管中の試料の
遠心分離を短時間で行なえる等、遠心分離機の性能向上
を図れる。Therefore, in the case of the structure shown in FIG. 5, the upper limit of the rotation speed of the sample holder 3 is about 120,000,000 rpm. When a higher rotation speed is required, for example, as described in JP-A-4-244250,
A centrifuge incorporating a magnetic bearing is used, which supports a rotating shaft in a non-contact state by the force of an electromagnet. In the case of a centrifuge incorporating a magnetic bearing, the rotating shaft is supported in a non-contact (floating) state on any part, so that the rotating shaft can be rotated at an ultrahigh speed. Therefore, the performance of the centrifuge can be improved, for example, the sample in the test tube inserted in the sample holder at the upper end of the rotating shaft can be centrifuged in a short time.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、磁気軸受の
負荷容量は玉軸受等の転がり軸受の負荷容量よりも小さ
く、回転軸が曲がるのに耐える事はできない。この為、
磁気軸受により回転軸を支承した場合には、この回転軸
の回転速度を、その曲げ危険速度を越えて上昇させる事
はできず、剛性軸方式の場合と同様に、回転軸の回転速
度が曲げ危険速度以下に限られてしまう。本発明の高速
回転軸装置は、この様な事情に鑑みて発明したものであ
る。However, the load capacity of the magnetic bearing is smaller than the load capacity of rolling bearings such as ball bearings, and it cannot withstand bending of the rotating shaft. Therefore,
When a rotating shaft is supported by magnetic bearings, the rotating speed of this rotating shaft cannot be increased beyond the bending critical speed, and as with the rigid shaft system, the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is Limited to below critical speed. The high-speed rotating shaft device of the present invention was invented in view of such circumstances.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決する為の手段】本発明の高速回転軸装置
は、回転軸と、この回転軸の周囲に設けられたハウジン
グと、このハウジングと上記回転軸との間に設けられ、
通電に基づいて上記回転軸を回転駆動する電動モータ
と、回転軸側に固定された磁性体及びハウジング側に固
定された電磁石でそれぞれが構成され、上記回転軸のス
ラスト方向又はラジアル方向に亙る位置を規制するスラ
スト磁気軸受及びラジアル磁気軸受と、上記回転軸のス
ラスト方向に亙る位置を検出するスラスト位置センサ
と、上記回転軸のラジアル方向に亙る位置を検出するラ
ジアル位置センサと、これらスラスト、ラジアル両位置
センサの検出値に基づいて上記スラスト、ラジアル両磁
気軸受を構成する電磁石への通電を制御する制御器と、
上記ハウジングに支持された転がり軸受と、この転がり
軸受が回転軸を支持する事を係脱させる為の係脱手段と
を備えている。A high-speed rotating shaft device of the present invention is provided with a rotating shaft, a housing provided around the rotating shaft, and between the housing and the rotating shaft.
Positions extending in the thrust direction or radial direction of the rotary shaft, each of which is composed of an electric motor that rotates the rotary shaft based on energization, a magnetic body fixed to the rotary shaft side, and an electromagnet fixed to the housing side. A thrust magnetic bearing and a radial magnetic bearing that regulate the above, a thrust position sensor that detects the position of the rotary shaft in the thrust direction, a radial position sensor that detects the position of the rotary shaft in the radial direction, and these thrust and radial Based on the detection value of both position sensors, the thrust, a controller for controlling the energization to the electromagnets constituting both radial magnetic bearings,
The rolling bearing supported by the housing and the engagement / disengagement means for engaging and disengaging the rolling bearing from supporting the rotating shaft are provided.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】上述の様に構成される本発明の高速回転軸装置
の場合、回転軸の回転速度がこの回転軸の曲げ危険速度
を越える迄の間は、回転軸とハウジングとの間に転がり
軸受を係合させておく。この結果、この回転軸はハウジ
ングに、転がり軸受を介して回転自在に支持される。転
がり軸受は、ラジアル方向に亙る剛性並びに負荷容量が
十分に大きい為、回転軸の回転速度が曲げ危険速度に達
した場合でも、上記転がり軸受はこの回転軸が曲がるの
に耐え、回転軸の回転速度が曲げ危険速度を越えて上昇
する事を許容する。In the case of the high-speed rotary shaft device of the present invention constructed as described above, the rolling bearing is provided between the rotary shaft and the housing until the rotational speed of the rotary shaft exceeds the bending critical speed of the rotary shaft. Are engaged. As a result, the rotating shaft is rotatably supported by the housing via the rolling bearing. Since the rolling bearing has sufficiently large rigidity and load capacity in the radial direction, even if the rotational speed of the rotating shaft reaches a critical bending speed, the rolling bearing will withstand bending of this rotating shaft and will not rotate. Allow the speed to rise above the critical bending speed.
【００１１】上記回転速度が曲げ危険速度を越えた場合
には、上記転がり軸受の係合を外し、磁気軸受によって
上記回転軸をハウジングに支承する。この結果、回転軸
は磁気軸受によって浮上状態で支承される為、この回転
軸の超高速回転の実現が可能となる。When the rotational speed exceeds the critical bending speed, the rolling bearing is disengaged, and the rotary shaft is supported by the housing by the magnetic bearing. As a result, since the rotary shaft is supported by the magnetic bearing in a floating state, it is possible to realize the super-high speed rotation of the rotary shaft.
【００１２】[0012]
【実施例】図１〜４は本発明の実施例を示している。鋼
等の磁性材により造られた回転軸７は、図４に示す様
に、主軸部８の中間部外周面に大径部９を形成し、更に
この大径部９の中間部外周面に鍔部１０を形成してい
る。上記主軸部８の上端面からは、この主軸部８よりも
小径の連結軸部１１を連続させている。この連結軸部１
１の上端部には、その外周面を円錐面状のテーパ面とし
た取付部１２を設けている。1 to 4 show an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the rotating shaft 7 made of a magnetic material such as steel has a large-diameter portion 9 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion of the main shaft portion 8, and the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion of the large-diameter portion 9 is further formed. The collar portion 10 is formed. A connecting shaft portion 11 having a smaller diameter than the main shaft portion 8 is continuous from the upper end surface of the main shaft portion 8. This connecting shaft 1
A mounting portion 12 having an outer peripheral surface having a conical taper surface is provided on the upper end portion of 1.
【００１３】上述の様な形状を有する回転軸７は、図１
〜３に示す様にハウジング１３の内側に、後述するスラ
スト磁気軸受３７、上側、下側両ラジアル磁気軸受２
９、２８、及び上下１対の玉軸受５７、４９により回転
自在に支承されると共に、このハウジング１３の内周面
と回転軸７の外周面との間に高周波電動モータ２７を設
ける事で、遠心分離機を構成する。即ち、上記取付部１
２には試料ホルダ１５を外嵌し、更に取付ボルト６１に
より、上記取付部１２からの抜け止めを図って、上記試
料ホルダ１５の支持孔５、５に差し込んだ試験管（図示
せず）中の試料を、遠心分離可能としている。The rotary shaft 7 having the above-mentioned shape is shown in FIG.
3 to 3, inside the housing 13, a thrust magnetic bearing 37, which will be described later, and upper and lower radial magnetic bearings 2 are provided.
9, 28 and a pair of upper and lower ball bearings 57, 49 are rotatably supported, and a high frequency electric motor 27 is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the housing 13 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 7. Configure a centrifuge. That is, the mounting portion 1
In the test tube (not shown) inserted into the support holes 5 and 5 of the sample holder 15 by fitting the sample holder 15 onto the sample No. 2 and fitting the mounting bolt 61 to prevent the sample holder 15 from coming off from the mounting portion 12. The sample can be centrifuged.
【００１４】上記ハウジング１３は、円輪状の底ブロッ
ク２１の上方に、それぞれが円筒状に形成された下側胴
部２２と上側胴部２３とを、上下方向に亙り互いに直列
に設けて成る。又、上記上側胴部２３の上方には、有底
円筒状の蓋体２４を、開口部を下に向けて被着し、上記
試料ホルダ１５の周囲を覆っている。The housing 13 comprises a lower body portion 22 and an upper body portion 23, each of which is formed in a cylindrical shape, provided in series above the ring-shaped bottom block 21 in a vertical direction. A lid 24 having a cylindrical shape with a bottom is attached above the upper body portion 23 with the opening facing downward to cover the periphery of the sample holder 15.
【００１５】上記下側胴部２２の上部内周面にはステー
タ２５を、前記主軸部８の一部で前記大径部９の直下位
置にはロータ２６を、それぞれ固定している。そして、
これらステータ２５の内周面とロータ２６の外周面とを
対向させる事で、上記回転軸７を回転駆動する為の高周
波電動モータ２７を構成している。A stator 25 is fixed to the inner surface of the upper portion of the lower body portion 22, and a rotor 26 is fixed to a portion of the main shaft portion 8 directly below the large diameter portion 9. And
The inner peripheral surface of the stator 25 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 26 are opposed to each other to form a high frequency electric motor 27 for rotationally driving the rotary shaft 7.
【００１６】又、上記下側胴部２２の内周面と上記主軸
部８の下部外周面との間には下側ラジアル磁気軸受２８
を、上記上側胴部２３の内周面と上記主軸部８の上部外
周面との間には上側ラジアル磁気軸受２９を、それぞれ
設けている。これら両ラジアル磁気軸受２８、２９は、
それぞれ上記主軸部８の外周面に外嵌したラジアル方向
ロータ３０、３０と、上記下側胴部２２及び上側胴部２
３の内周面に内嵌固定したラジアル方向電磁石３１、３
１とから構成される。A lower radial magnetic bearing 28 is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the lower body portion 22 and the lower peripheral surface of the main shaft portion 8.
An upper radial magnetic bearing 29 is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the upper body portion 23 and the upper outer peripheral surface of the main shaft portion 8. Both of these radial magnetic bearings 28 and 29 are
The radial direction rotors 30, 30 respectively fitted onto the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft portion 8, the lower body portion 22 and the upper body portion 2 respectively.
Radial direction electromagnets 31, 3 fitted and fixed to the inner peripheral surface of 3
1 and 1.
【００１７】尚、上記各ラジアル方向ロータ３０、３０
は、それぞれ積層鋼板により構成されている。そして、
上記上側ラジアル磁気軸受２９を構成するラジアル方向
ロータ３０は、前記大径部９の上面と上記主軸部８の上
端部に外嵌した上部固定リング３２の下面との間で挟持
固定している。一方、上記下側ラジアル磁気軸受２８を
構成するラジアル方向ロータ３０は、上記ロータ２６並
びに間座３３と共に、上記大径部９の下面と上記主軸部
８の下端部に外嵌した下部固定リング３４の上面との間
で挟持固定している。Incidentally, the radial direction rotors 30 and 30 described above.
Are each composed of laminated steel plates. And
The radial direction rotor 30 constituting the upper radial magnetic bearing 29 is sandwiched and fixed between the upper surface of the large diameter portion 9 and the lower surface of the upper fixing ring 32 fitted on the upper end portion of the main shaft portion 8. On the other hand, the radial direction rotor 30 that constitutes the lower radial magnetic bearing 28, together with the rotor 26 and the spacer 33, a lower fixing ring 34 fitted onto the lower surface of the large diameter portion 9 and the lower end portion of the main shaft portion 8. It is clamped and fixed between the upper surface of the and.
【００１８】又、前記下側胴部２２の下部及び前記上側
胴部２３の上部には、各胴部２２、２３の直径方向に亙
る貫通孔３５、３５を形成している。そして、各貫通孔
３５、３５の内端部に内嵌固定したラジアル位置センサ
３６、３６を、上記下部固定リング３４、上部固定リン
グ３２の外周面に対向させている。尚、上記貫通孔３
５、３５並びにラジアル位置センサ３６、３６は、上部
と下部とにそれぞれ２か所ずつ、互いに９０度ずれた位
置に設けている。Through holes 35, 35 are formed in the lower portion of the lower body portion 22 and the upper portion of the upper body portion 23 in the diameter direction of the respective body portions 22, 23. The radial position sensors 36, 36 internally fitted and fixed to the inner ends of the through holes 35, 35 face the outer peripheral surfaces of the lower fixing ring 34 and the upper fixing ring 32. The through hole 3
Reference numerals 5 and 35 and radial position sensors 36 and 36 are provided at two positions in the upper portion and the lower portion, respectively, at positions displaced by 90 degrees from each other.
【００１９】これら合計４個のラジアル位置センサ３
６、３６の検出信号は、上記下側、上側両ラジアル磁気
軸受２８、２９を制御する、図示しない制御器に入力し
ている。そしてこの制御器は、上記各ラジアル位置セン
サ３６、３６からの信号に基づいて前記各ラジアル方向
電磁石３１、３１への通電を制御し、このラジアル方向
電磁石３１、３１と前記ラジアル方向ロータ３０、３０
との間に作用する電磁吸引力を調節して、前記回転軸７
のラジアル方向に亙る位置を規制する（回転軸７の回転
中心がぶれる事を防止する）。These total four radial position sensors 3
The detection signals of 6 and 36 are input to a controller (not shown) that controls the lower and upper radial magnetic bearings 28 and 29. The controller controls the energization of the radial direction electromagnets 31, 31 based on the signals from the radial position sensors 36, 36, and the radial direction electromagnets 31, 31 and the radial direction rotors 30, 30 are controlled.
The electromagnetic attraction force acting between the rotary shaft 7 and
The position of the rotation center of the rotating shaft 7 is restricted (prevents the center of rotation of the rotating shaft 7 from moving).
【００２０】一方、前記下側胴部２２の上面と上側胴部
２３の下面との間には、スラスト磁気軸受３７を構成す
る為の、円輪状の支持板３８、３９を挟持している。厚
肉に形成された下側の支持板３８の上面内周縁部には、
全周に亙って段部４０を形成している。上記段部４０に
対応する部分には、上記両支持板３８、３９を重ね合わ
せた状態で、内周側が開口した凹部４１を形成してい
る。そして、この凹部４１内に、前記回転軸７外周面の
鍔部１０を位置させている。On the other hand, between the upper surface of the lower body portion 22 and the lower surface of the upper body portion 23, ring-shaped support plates 38 and 39 for constituting a thrust magnetic bearing 37 are sandwiched. At the inner peripheral edge of the upper surface of the lower support plate 38 formed thick,
A step portion 40 is formed over the entire circumference. In a portion corresponding to the step portion 40, a recess 41 having an opening on the inner peripheral side is formed in a state where the support plates 38 and 39 are overlapped with each other. Then, the flange portion 10 on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 7 is located in the recess 41.
【００２１】又、下側の支持板３８の上面内周寄り部分
で上記鍔部１０の下面と対向する部分、並びに上側の支
持板３９の下面内周寄り部分で上記鍔部１０の上面と対
向する部分には、それぞれスラスト方向電磁石４２、４
２を設けている。そして、これら両スラスト方向電磁石
４２、４２と磁性材製の鍔部１０とにより、スラスト磁
気軸受３７を構成している。Further, a portion of the lower support plate 38 near the inner circumference of the upper surface faces the lower surface of the collar portion 10, and a portion of the upper support plate 39 near the inner circumference of the lower surface faces the upper surface of the collar portion 10. The thrust direction electromagnets 42, 4 and
2 is provided. Then, the thrust magnetic bearing 37 is constituted by the thrust direction electromagnets 42, 42 and the collar portion 10 made of a magnetic material.
【００２２】又、下側の支持板３８の上面内周寄り部分
で上記鍔部１０の下面と対向する部分にはスラスト位置
センサ４３を設けて、前記回転軸７のスラスト方向位置
の検出を自在としている。このスラスト位置センサ４３
の検出信号は、上記スラスト磁気軸受３７を制御する、
図示しない制御器に入力している。そしてこの制御器
は、上記スラスト位置センサ４３からの信号に基づいて
前記スラスト方向電磁石４２、４２への通電を制御し、
このスラスト方向電磁石４２、４２と鍔部１０との間に
作用する電磁吸引力を調節して、前記回転軸７のスラス
ト方向に亙る位置を規制する（回転軸７が軸方向に変位
する事を防止する）。Further, a thrust position sensor 43 is provided at a portion of the lower support plate 38 near the inner periphery of the upper surface facing the lower surface of the collar portion 10 to freely detect the thrust direction position of the rotary shaft 7. I am trying. This thrust position sensor 43
Detection signal controls the thrust magnetic bearing 37,
It is input to a controller (not shown). This controller controls the energization of the thrust direction electromagnets 42, 42 based on the signal from the thrust position sensor 43,
By adjusting the electromagnetic attraction force acting between the thrust direction electromagnets 42, 42 and the collar portion 10, the position of the rotary shaft 7 in the thrust direction is regulated (when the rotary shaft 7 is displaced axially). To prevent).
【００２３】又、前記底ブロック２１の中心孔４４の内
側には、係脱手段を構成する昇降ブロック４５を嵌装し
ている。そして、この昇降ブロック４５の下端部外周縁
に形成した鍔部４６の上面と上記底ブロック２１の下面
との間に圧縮ばね４７、４７を設けて、上記昇降ブロッ
ク４５に下降方向の弾力を付与している。Inside the center hole 44 of the bottom block 21, an elevating block 45 constituting engaging / disengaging means is fitted. Then, compression springs 47, 47 are provided between the upper surface of the collar portion 46 formed on the outer peripheral edge of the lower end portion of the elevating block 45 and the lower surface of the bottom block 21 to give the elevating block 45 elastic force in the descending direction. is doing.
【００２４】この昇降ブロック４５の上面中央部には円
形の凹部４８を形成しており、この凹部４８の上端開口
部に、転がり軸受の一種である、深溝型の玉軸受４９の
外輪を支持固定している。そして、この玉軸受４９の内
輪に、下部支持環５０を支持固定している。この下部支
持環５０の上面はテーパ凹面５１とし、前記下部固定リ
ング３４の下端面を、このテーパ凹面５１と密接自在な
テーパ凸面５２としている。A circular recess 48 is formed in the center of the upper surface of the lifting block 45, and the outer ring of a deep groove type ball bearing 49, which is a type of rolling bearing, is supported and fixed to the upper end opening of the recess 48. is doing. The lower support ring 50 is supported and fixed to the inner ring of the ball bearing 49. The upper surface of the lower support ring 50 is a tapered concave surface 51, and the lower end surface of the lower fixing ring 34 is a tapered convex surface 52 that is in close contact with the tapered concave surface 51.
【００２５】又、上記底ブロック２１の下端開口を塞い
だ蓋板５３の上面と上記昇降ブロック４５の下面に添設
した支持板５４の下面との間にベローズ５５を設けてい
る。そして、上記蓋板５３に形成した給排口５６、５６
から上記ベローズ５５内への圧縮空気の給排により、こ
のベローズ５５の伸縮を自在とし、更に、この伸縮に基
づいて、上記昇降ブロック４５の昇降を自在としてい
る。Further, a bellows 55 is provided between the upper surface of the lid plate 53 that closes the lower end opening of the bottom block 21 and the lower surface of the support plate 54 attached to the lower surface of the elevating block 45. Then, the supply / discharge ports 56, 56 formed in the cover plate 53.
By supplying and discharging compressed air from the bellows 55 to the bellows 55, the bellows 55 can be expanded and contracted, and further, the elevating block 45 can be moved up and down based on the expansion and contraction.
【００２６】更に、前記上側胴部２３の上端開口部には
深溝型の玉軸受５７の外輪を支持固定し、この玉軸受５
７の内輪に、上部支持環５８を支持固定している。この
上部支持環５８の下面はテーパ凹面５９とし、前記上部
固定リング３２の上端面を、このテーパ凹面５９と密接
自在なテーパ凸面６０としている。Further, an outer ring of a deep groove type ball bearing 57 is supported and fixed to the upper end opening of the upper body portion 23.
An upper support ring 58 is supported and fixed to the inner ring of 7. The lower surface of the upper support ring 58 is a tapered concave surface 59, and the upper end surface of the upper fixing ring 32 is a tapered convex surface 60 that is in close contact with the tapered concave surface 59.
【００２７】上述の様に構成される本発明の高速回転軸
装置を組み込んだ遠心分離装置を使用する場合には、前
記高周波電動モータ２７を構成するステータ２５に通電
し、前記回転軸７を回転させる。この際、ステータ２５
への通電に先立って前記ベローズ５５内に圧縮空気を送
り込み、前記昇降ブロック４５を上昇させておく。When the centrifugal separator incorporating the high-speed rotating shaft device of the present invention constructed as described above is used, the stator 25 forming the high frequency electric motor 27 is energized to rotate the rotating shaft 7. Let At this time, the stator 25
Compressed air is sent into the bellows 55 to raise the elevating block 45 before energizing the bellows 55.
【００２８】昇降ブロック４５の上昇に伴って、前記下
部支持環５０のテーパ凹面５１と下部固定リング３４の
テーパ凸面５２とが密接し、玉軸受４９によって、上記
回転軸７の下端部が回転自在に支持される。上記昇降ブ
ロック４５は、上記テーパ凹面５１とテーパ凸面５２と
が密接した以後も少し上昇し、上記回転軸７を少しだけ
押し上げるので、前記上部支持環５８のテーパ凹面５９
と上部固定リング３２のテーパ凸面６０とが密接する。
この結果上記回転軸７が、下端部だけでなく、上端部も
玉軸受５７によって支持される。As the lifting block 45 rises, the tapered concave surface 51 of the lower support ring 50 and the tapered convex surface 52 of the lower fixing ring 34 come into close contact with each other, and the ball bearing 49 allows the lower end of the rotary shaft 7 to rotate freely. Supported by. The elevating block 45 slightly moves up even after the tapered concave surface 51 and the tapered convex surface 52 come into close contact with each other, and pushes up the rotary shaft 7 slightly, so that the tapered concave surface 59 of the upper support ring 58.
And the taper convex surface 60 of the upper fixing ring 32 come into close contact with each other.
As a result, the rotary shaft 7 is supported by the ball bearings 57 not only at the lower end but also at the upper end.
【００２９】回転軸７の回転速度は、この様に回転軸７
の上下両端部を玉軸受４９、５７によりハウジング１３
の内側に支持した状態で、前記高周波電動モータ２７に
より上昇させるが、この回転軸７の曲げ危険速度（例え
ば２０００〜２００００r.p.m.程度）を越える迄の間
は、上記昇降ブロック４５を上昇させたままとして、上
記回転軸７を両玉軸受４９、５７により支持しておく。
玉軸受４９、５７のラジアル方向に亙る剛性並びに負荷
容量は十分に大きい為、上記回転軸７の回転速度が曲げ
危険速度に達した場合でも、各玉軸受４９、５７はこの
回転軸７が曲がるのに耐え、回転軸７の回転速度が曲げ
危険速度を越えて上昇する事を許容する。The rotation speed of the rotary shaft 7 is as described above.
The upper and lower end portions of the
In the state of being supported inside, the high-frequency electric motor 27 raises it, but the lifting block 45 is raised until the bending critical speed of the rotary shaft 7 (for example, about 2000 to 20000 rpm) is exceeded. As it is, the rotary shaft 7 is supported by both ball bearings 49 and 57.
Since the rigidity and load capacity of the ball bearings 49, 57 in the radial direction are sufficiently large, even if the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 7 reaches the critical bending speed, the rotary shaft 7 of each ball bearing 49, 57 bends. And allows the rotation speed of the rotary shaft 7 to rise beyond the critical bending speed.
【００３０】上記回転軸７の回転速度が曲げ危険速度を
越えた場合には、前記ベローズ５５内の圧縮空気を排出
する事で、上記昇降ブロック４５を下降させ、前記各テ
ーパ凹面５１、５９と前記各テーパ凸面５２、６０とを
離隔させ、上記各玉軸受４９、５７による回転軸７の支
持を解除する。そして代わりに、前記下側、上側両ラジ
アル磁気軸受２８、２９とスラスト磁気軸受３７によ
り、上記回転軸７を上記ハウジング１３に、浮上状態で
支持する。この結果、上記回転軸７の超高速回転（例え
ば１３００００r.p.m.以上）の実現が可能となる。When the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 7 exceeds the critical bending speed, the lifting block 45 is lowered by discharging the compressed air in the bellows 55, and the tapered concave surfaces 51 and 59 are formed. The tapered convex surfaces 52 and 60 are separated from each other, and the support of the rotary shaft 7 by the ball bearings 49 and 57 is released. Instead, the rotary shaft 7 is supported by the lower and upper radial magnetic bearings 28 and 29 and the thrust magnetic bearing 37 in the housing 13 in a floating state. As a result, it becomes possible to realize ultra-high speed rotation of the rotary shaft 7 (for example, 130000 rpm or more).
【００３１】尚、図示の実施例の様に、回転軸７を構成
する主軸部８と取付部１２との間に主軸部８より小径の
連結軸部１１を設ければ、この回転軸の曲げ危険速度を
低くできる。この結果、上記各玉軸受４９、５７による
支持力の解除を、低い回転速度域で行なう事ができて、
これら各玉軸受４９、５７の負担を軽減できる。If a connecting shaft portion 11 having a diameter smaller than that of the main shaft portion 8 is provided between the main shaft portion 8 and the mounting portion 12 constituting the rotary shaft 7 as in the illustrated embodiment, the bending of the rotary shaft is performed. You can lower the critical speed. As a result, the supporting force of the ball bearings 49 and 57 can be released in the low rotation speed range,
The burden on each of these ball bearings 49, 57 can be reduced.
【００３２】例えば、本発明者の試算によると、主軸部
８の長さを１５０mm、外径を１６mmとし、その上端部に
直接試料ホルダ１５を支持固定する構造とした場合に
は、上記回転軸７の曲げ危険速度が凡そ１２０００r.p.
m.となる。これに対して、上記主軸部８の上方に、外径
が５mmで長さが７０mmの連結軸部１１を設け、この連結
軸部１１の上端部に試料ホルダ１５を支持固定する構造
の場合には、上記曲げ危険速度が２３００r.p.m.程度に
なる。For example, according to the calculation by the inventor of the present invention, when the main shaft 8 has a length of 150 mm and an outer diameter of 16 mm, and the sample holder 15 is directly supported and fixed to the upper end of the main shaft 8, the rotary shaft is Bending critical speed of 7 is approximately 12000 r.p.
m. On the other hand, in the case of a structure in which a connecting shaft portion 11 having an outer diameter of 5 mm and a length of 70 mm is provided above the main shaft portion 8 and the sample holder 15 is supported and fixed to the upper end portion of the connecting shaft portion 11. The bending critical speed is about 2300 rpm.
【００３３】又、上下２個所のテーパ凹面５１、５９と
テーパ凸面５２、６０との間の軸方向隙間を含む、上
部、下部各固定リング３２、３４と上部、下部各支持環
５０、５８との軸方向隙間を、スラスト磁気軸受３７の
それぞれ上下２個所の軸受隙間よりも小さくすると共
に、上下２個所のテーパ凹面５１、５９とテーパ凸面５
２、６０との間の半径方向隙間を上側、下側ラジアル磁
気軸受２８、２９の軸受隙間よりも小さくしている。こ
の様に構成する事により回転軸７の異常回転時に於ける
スラスト磁気軸受３７及び上側、下側ラジアル磁気軸受
２８、２９の接触による損傷を防いでいる。Further, the upper and lower fixing rings 32 and 34 and the upper and lower support rings 50 and 58 including the axial gaps between the upper and lower tapered concave surfaces 51 and 59 and the tapered convex surfaces 52 and 60, respectively. Of the thrust magnetic bearing 37 is made smaller than the bearing gaps of the upper and lower two places of the thrust magnetic bearing 37, and the tapered concave surfaces 51 and 59 and the tapered convex surface 5 of the upper and lower two places are formed.
The radial gap between the bearings 2 and 60 is smaller than the bearing gaps of the upper and lower radial magnetic bearings 28 and 29. With this structure, damage caused by contact between the thrust magnetic bearing 37 and the upper and lower radial magnetic bearings 28 and 29 during abnormal rotation of the rotary shaft 7 is prevented.
【００３４】[0034]
【発明の効果】本発明の高速回転軸装置は、以上に述べ
た通り構成され作用するので、回転軸の超高速回転の実
現が可能となり、高性能の遠心分離機等を造れる。Since the high-speed rotating shaft device of the present invention is constructed and operates as described above, it is possible to realize ultra-high speed rotation of the rotating shaft, and a high-performance centrifuge or the like can be manufactured.
【図１】本発明の実施例を示す縦断側面図。FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional side view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】図１のＡ部拡大図。FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG.
【図３】同Ｂ部拡大図。FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the B section.
【図４】回転軸のみを取り出して示す側面図。FIG. 4 is a side view showing only a rotary shaft.
【図５】従来から知られた遠心分離機の１例を示す略側
面図。FIG. 5 is a schematic side view showing an example of a conventionally known centrifuge.
１ 玉軸受 ２ 主軸 ３ 試料ホルダ ４ 連結軸 ５ 支持孔 ６ 保護用玉軸受 ７ 回転軸 ８ 主軸部 ９ 大径部 １０ 鍔部 １１ 連結軸部 １２ 取付部 １３ ハウジング １５ 試料ホルダ ２１ 底ブロック ２２ 下側胴部 ２３ 上側胴部 ２４ 蓋体 ２５ ステータ ２６ ロータ ２７ 高周波電動モータ ２８ 下側ラジアル磁気軸受 ２９ 上側ラジアル磁気軸受 ３０ ラジアル方向ロータ ３１ ラジアル方向電磁石 ３２ 上部固定リング ３３ 間座 ３４ 下部固定リング ３５ 貫通孔 ３６ ラジアル位置センサ ３７ スラスト磁気軸受 ３８、３９ 支持板 ４０ 段部 ４１ 凹部 ４２ スラスト方向電磁石 ４３ スラスト位置センサ ４４ 中心孔 ４５ 昇降ブロック ４６ 鍔部 ４７ 圧縮ばね ４８ 凹部 ４９ 玉軸受 ５０ 下部支持環 ５１ テーパ凹面 ５２ テーパ凸面 ５３ 蓋板 ５４ 支持板 ５５ ベローズ ５６ 給排口 ５７ 玉軸受 ５８ 上部支持環 ５９ テーパ凹面 ６０ テーパ凸面 ６１ 取付ボルト 1 ball bearing 2 main shaft 3 sample holder 4 connecting shaft 5 support hole 6 protective ball bearing 7 rotating shaft 8 main shaft part 9 large diameter part 10 flange part 11 connecting shaft part 12 mounting part 13 housing 15 sample holder 21 bottom block 22 lower side Body 23 Upper body 24 Lid 25 Stator 26 Rotor 27 High frequency electric motor 28 Lower radial magnetic bearing 29 Upper radial magnetic bearing 30 Radial rotor 31 Radial electromagnet 32 Upper fixing ring 33 Spacer 34 Lower fixing ring 35 Through hole 36 Radial position sensor 37 Thrust magnetic bearing 38, 39 Support plate 40 Step portion 41 Recessed portion 42 Thrust direction electromagnet 43 Thrust position sensor 44 Center hole 45 Elevating block 46 Collar portion 47 Compression spring 48 Recessed 49 Ball bearing 50 Lower support ring 51 Tapered concave surface 52 taper convex surface 53 lid plate 4 the supporting plate 55 the bellows 56 supply-discharge port 57 ball bearing 58 the upper support ring 59 tapered concave 60 tapered convex 61 mounting bolt
Claims (1)
たハウジングと、このハウジングと上記回転軸との間に
設けられ、通電に基づいて上記回転軸を回転駆動する電
動モータと、回転軸側に固定された磁性体及びハウジン
グ側に固定された電磁石でそれぞれが構成され、上記回
転軸のスラスト方向又はラジアル方向に亙る位置を規制
するスラスト磁気軸受及びラジアル磁気軸受と、上記回
転軸のスラスト方向に亙る位置を検出するスラスト位置
センサと、上記回転軸のラジアル方向に亙る位置を検出
するラジアル位置センサと、これらスラスト、ラジアル
両位置センサの検出値に基づいて上記スラスト、ラジア
ル両磁気軸受を構成する電磁石への通電を制御する制御
器と、上記ハウジングに支持された転がり軸受と、この
転がり軸受が回転軸を支持する事を係脱させる為の係脱
手段とを備えた高速回転軸装置。1. A rotary shaft, a housing provided around the rotary shaft, an electric motor provided between the housing and the rotary shaft, for rotating the rotary shaft based on energization, and a rotating motor. A thrust magnetic bearing and a radial magnetic bearing, each of which is composed of a magnetic body fixed to the shaft side and an electromagnet fixed to the housing side, and restricts a position in the thrust direction or the radial direction of the rotary shaft, and the rotary shaft A thrust position sensor that detects the position in the thrust direction, a radial position sensor that detects the position in the radial direction of the rotary shaft, and the thrust and radial magnetic bearings based on the detection values of these thrust and radial position sensors. A controller for controlling the energization of the electromagnet that constitutes the motor, the rolling bearing supported by the housing, and the rolling bearing High-speed rotating shaft device having an engaging / disengaging means for engaging / disengaging the support of.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21791493A JPH0754846A (en) | 1993-08-11 | 1993-08-11 | High speed rotary shaft device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21791493A JPH0754846A (en) | 1993-08-11 | 1993-08-11 | High speed rotary shaft device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0754846A true JPH0754846A (en) | 1995-02-28 |
Family
ID=16711727
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21791493A Pending JPH0754846A (en) | 1993-08-11 | 1993-08-11 | High speed rotary shaft device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0754846A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19715356A1 (en) * | 1997-04-12 | 1998-10-22 | Wtz Motoren & Maschforsch Gmbh | Magnetic bearing for fast-rotating components e.g. centrifuge or flywheel |
| JP2010048420A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 2010-03-04 | General Electric Co <Ge> | Magnetic thrust compensator |
| WO2014170099A1 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum Gmbh | Vacuum pump |
| US20160258506A1 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-09-08 | Elwha Llc | Vehicle drivetrain with active magnetic bearings |
| RU2605692C1 (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-12-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уфимский государственный авиационный технический университет" | Method of critical rotation speeds passing through in electromechanical energy converter |
-
1993
- 1993-08-11 JP JP21791493A patent/JPH0754846A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010048420A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 2010-03-04 | General Electric Co <Ge> | Magnetic thrust compensator |
| DE19715356A1 (en) * | 1997-04-12 | 1998-10-22 | Wtz Motoren & Maschforsch Gmbh | Magnetic bearing for fast-rotating components e.g. centrifuge or flywheel |
| WO2014170099A1 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum Gmbh | Vacuum pump |
| US20160258506A1 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-09-08 | Elwha Llc | Vehicle drivetrain with active magnetic bearings |
| US10119592B2 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2018-11-06 | Elwha Llc | Vehicle drivetrain with active magnetic bearings |
| RU2605692C1 (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-12-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уфимский государственный авиационный технический университет" | Method of critical rotation speeds passing through in electromechanical energy converter |
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