JPH0746630B2 - Carbon fiber mixed paper heating sheet and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Carbon fiber mixed paper heating sheet and method for producing the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0746630B2 JPH0746630B2 JP61124324A JP12432486A JPH0746630B2 JP H0746630 B2 JPH0746630 B2 JP H0746630B2 JP 61124324 A JP61124324 A JP 61124324A JP 12432486 A JP12432486 A JP 12432486A JP H0746630 B2 JPH0746630 B2 JP H0746630B2
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- sheet
- carbon fiber
- mixed
- weight
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Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は、定寸にカットした炭素繊維を靱皮繊維65重量
％以上含む植物パルプ中に分散させて含有し安定した温
度特性を発揮するようにした炭素繊維混抄発熱シート及
びその製造方法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention is intended to exhibit stable temperature characteristics by containing carbon fibers cut to a certain size dispersed in plant pulp containing 65% by weight or more of bast fibers. And a method for producing the same.
［従来の技術］ 従来、炭素繊維を紙に混抄することは知られている（例
えば特開昭60-107287号）が、これまで炭素繊維混抄紙
が面発熱体として実用化に成功した例は知られていな
い。これは、炭素繊維を紙に混抄する際、炭素繊維が植
物パルプ中に均等に分散されずに分離して抄造され、炭
素繊維の電気抵抗が通電発熱による温度上昇とともに著
しく低下し、過大な電流が流れ、発熱量がますます増大
して遂には制御不能な高温に達してしまうからであり、
このような暴走性の故に炭素繊維を面発熱体に使用する
ことは敬遠されてきた。[Prior Art] Conventionally, it is known to mix carbon fibers into paper (for example, JP-A-60-107287), but heretofore, carbon fiber-mixed paper has been successfully put into practical use as a surface heating element. unknown. This is because when the carbon fibers are mixed into paper, the carbon fibers are not evenly dispersed in the plant pulp but separated and produced, and the electrical resistance of the carbon fibers is significantly reduced with the temperature rise due to the heat generated by energization, resulting in an excessive current. Flows, and the amount of heat generated further increases, eventually reaching an uncontrollable high temperature,
Due to such runaway properties, the use of carbon fibers in surface heating elements has been discouraged.
また、実用的な面発熱体としては、例えば1m×1mとか、
1m×2mくらいの面積が最小限必要であるが、このように
大きな炭素繊維混抄紙ではなおさら温度制御がむずかし
くなり、炭素繊維混抄紙を素材とした実用的な面発熱体
の開発は見送られてきた。Also, as a practical surface heating element, for example, 1 mx 1 m,
An area of about 1 m x 2 m is the minimum required, but temperature control becomes even more difficult with such large carbon fiber mixed paper, and the development of a practical surface heating element using carbon fiber mixed paper has been postponed. It was
一方、面発熱体を例えば床暖房材として使用する場合
は、相当な強度（引張強さ、引裂強さ）が要求される
が、従来の炭素繊維混抄紙はこの点でも不満足であり、
これを補うため通常の製紙パルプ（植物パルプ）以外の
成分、例えば合成パルプを用いることも提案されている
が、上記のように炭素繊維を合成パルプに混抄しても、
炭素繊維が合成パルプ中に均等に分散されずに分離して
抄造され成功を見ていない。On the other hand, when the surface heating element is used as a floor heating material, for example, considerable strength (tensile strength, tear strength) is required, but the conventional carbon fiber mixed paper is also unsatisfactory in this respect,
To compensate for this, it has been proposed to use components other than ordinary papermaking pulp (plant pulp), for example, synthetic pulp, but even if carbon fiber is mixed with synthetic pulp as described above,
The carbon fibers are not evenly dispersed in the synthetic pulp and are separated into paper, which has not been successful.
これまで一応商業的に成功した面発熱体としてはカーボ
ンブラックをゴムなどに練り込んだ発熱シートを用いる
ものがあるが、カーボンブラックの発熱シートは厚さが
5mm又はそれ以上の厚さであり、重量がかかる上、シー
トが硬く、裁断加工も容易でなく、価格も高いため、汎
用されるに至っていない。Up until now, there has been a commercially successful surface heating element that uses a heat generating sheet in which carbon black is kneaded into rubber, etc.
It has a thickness of 5 mm or more, it is heavy, the sheet is hard, the cutting process is not easy, and the price is high, so it has not been widely used.
［発明が解決しようとする問題点］ 本発明はこのような従来技術の状況に鑑み、カーボンブ
ラックの使用に頼らず、従来の炭素繊維混抄による炭素
繊維がパルプと分離して均等に分散されないための温度
暴走性、大型発熱体の設計不能、強度の不足などの問題
点を解決しようとするもので、その目的とするところ
は、安定した温度特性を有し、軽くて薄くてしなやか
で、しかも十分な強度があり、加工性に優れ、大型の面
発熱体に設計することが容易であり、比較的安価で安全
な、汎用性ある炭素繊維混抄発熱シートを提供すること
にある。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In view of the state of the art as described above, the present invention does not rely on the use of carbon black, and the carbon fibers obtained by the conventional carbon fiber mixed paper separation from the pulp are not uniformly dispersed. In order to solve problems such as temperature runaway, large heating element design failure, and lack of strength, the purpose is to have stable temperature characteristics, light, thin, supple, and An object of the present invention is to provide a versatile carbon fiber mixed paper-heating sheet which has sufficient strength, is excellent in workability, can be easily designed into a large surface heating element, and is relatively inexpensive and safe.
［問題点を解決するための手段］ 上記目的を達成するため本発明は、５〜10mm長の短截炭
素繊維を５〜10重量％、靱皮繊維を65重量％以上含むパ
ルプ、及び粘剤１重量％以上を含む坪量60g/m2、厚さ16
0μｍ以下の混抄シートの縁部に銀ペストを印捺し銅等
からなる電極を積層取付け両面をプラスチックシートに
より被覆密封してなる炭素繊維混抄発熱シート及び炭素
繊維を５〜10mmに裁断して靱皮繊維を65重量％以上含む
パルプと混合し合成粘剤を粘剤１重量％以上加えて抄紙
機上で混抄した坪量60g/m2、厚さ160μｍ以下の混抄シ
ートを、圧搾乾燥後シートに裁断し、該シートの縁部に
沿って銀ペストを印捺し、その上に銅板を積層して取り
付けた炭素繊維混抄発熱シートの製造方法を構成するも
のであり、でき上がった炭素繊維混抄シートはその電気
抵抗が通電発熱によってほとんど経時的に変化しない、
すなわち長時間通電しても電流値が変化せず、安定した
温度特性が得られるものである。[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a pulp containing 5 to 10% by weight of short carbon fibers having a length of 5 to 10 mm and 65% by weight or more of bast fibers, and a sticky agent 1. Basis weight including weight% or more 60g / m 2 , thickness 16
Carbon fiber mixed paper exothermic sheet obtained by printing silver pest on the edge of mixed paper of 0 μm or less and laminating and attaching electrodes made of copper etc. with plastic sheets on both sides and cutting the carbon fiber into 5 to 10 mm and bast fiber Mixed with pulp containing 65% by weight or more and adding 1% by weight or more of a synthetic sticky agent on a paper machine to make a mixed sheet having a basis weight of 60 g / m 2 and a thickness of 160 μm or less, and then squeezing and cutting the sheet. Then, a silver pest is printed along the edge of the sheet, and a method for producing a carbon fiber-mixed paper exothermic sheet in which a copper plate is laminated and attached thereon is configured, and the completed carbon fiber-mixed paper sheet has an electrical property The resistance hardly changes over time due to heat generation by energization,
In other words, the current value does not change even when energized for a long time, and stable temperature characteristics can be obtained.
［作用］ （１）炭素繊維を製紙パルプと混抄するに際し、合成粘
剤又は天然粘剤を使用することにより、混抄紙中におい
てその固形分が炭素繊維表面及びパルプ表面を部分的に
被覆するように付着し、シート全体としての電気抵抗を
安定ならしめる。合成粘剤としては、例えばポリアクリ
ルアミド、ポリエチレンオキサイド又はカルボキシメチ
ルセルロースなどを使用することができる。また、天然
粘剤としては、トロロアオイの根の抽出粘液を使用し得
る。[Operation] (1) When carbon fiber is mixed with papermaking pulp, a synthetic sticky agent or a natural sticky agent is used so that the solid content of the mixed paper partially covers the carbon fiber surface and the pulp surface. To stabilize the electric resistance of the entire sheet. As the synthetic sticky agent, for example, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, carboxymethyl cellulose or the like can be used. Further, as the natural sticky agent, the extracted mucus of the root of Troiloa mallow can be used.
混抄紙の中で短截炭素繊維はランダムに分散し、近隣の
炭素繊維と接触してシート全体を通じて無数の導電路を
形成するが、粘剤を用いない混抄紙の場合はこの導電路
の抵抗が温度上昇と共に低下して過電流が流れ、制御不
能に発熱が進むに対し、粘剤固形分が繊維表面を少なく
とも部分的に被覆している混抄紙の場合は、全く意外な
ことに、シート全体としての電気抵抗が事実上温度変化
に関係なく安定している。顕微鏡でのぞくと、このよう
な粘剤入り混抄紙においては、炭素繊維どうしの接触点
に粘剤固形分が薄く（オングストローム単位で）介在
し、炭素繊維の直接的接触を妨げている。温度上昇によ
り炭素繊維そのもの電気抵抗が低下したとしても、この
接触点における電気抵抗値は変化しにくく、全体として
ほぼ安定な電気抵抗を維持し得るものと推論される。In the mixed paper, short-cut carbon fibers are randomly dispersed and come into contact with neighboring carbon fibers to form innumerable conductive paths throughout the sheet, but in the case of mixed paper that does not use a sticky agent, the resistance of this conductive path Is decreased with an increase in temperature, overcurrent flows, and heat generation proceeds uncontrollably, whereas in the case of a mixed paper in which the solid content of the adhesive at least partially covers the fiber surface, it is quite surprising that the sheet The electric resistance as a whole is virtually stable regardless of temperature changes. When viewed under a microscope, in such a mixed paper containing a pressure-sensitive adhesive, the solid content of the pressure-sensitive adhesive is present thinly (in angstrom unit) at the contact point between the carbon fibers, thereby preventing the direct contact of the carbon fibers. It is inferred that even if the electric resistance of the carbon fiber itself is lowered due to the temperature rise, the electric resistance value at this contact point is unlikely to change, and the electric resistance can be maintained almost stable as a whole.
（２）製紙パルプは、靱皮パルプを少なくとも65重量％
以上含むことにより、靱皮パルプの繊維の直径が炭素繊
維より大きく、繊維長が炭素繊維より長く、特にコウ
ゾ、ミツマタは、繊維の先端が細く多角形の断面である
ため、混抄紙中の炭素繊維をよく保持することができ、
炭素繊維どうしの接触抵抗を不変に保つのに役立つ。(2) Paper pulp is at least 65% by weight of bast pulp.
By including the above, the fiber diameter of the bast pulp is larger than the carbon fiber, the fiber length is longer than the carbon fiber, especially Kozo, Mitsumata, since the tip of the fiber is a polygonal cross section, the carbon fiber in the mixed paper Can hold well,
It helps keep the contact resistance between carbon fibers unchanged.
コウゾ、ミツマタ及びマニラ麻は、いわゆる和紙の抄造
に用いられるもので、靱皮繊維又は靱皮パルプと総称さ
れるが、これらは繊維径が太く長く、また靱皮であっ
て、混抄紙中の炭素繊維をよく保持することができ、炭
素繊維どうしの接触抵抗を不変に保つのに役立つ。ま
た、紙力の向上にも寄与するので、混抄発熱シートを床
暖房材など強度を要求される分野に応用するのにも役立
つ。65重量％以上がこれら靱皮繊維であれば、残量はク
ラフトパルプ、例えばNBKPなどを使用してもよく、価格
を低廉ならしめることができる。Kozo, Mitsumata and Manila hemp are used for so-called Japanese paper making, and are generally called bast fibers or bast pulps. It can be held and helps keep the contact resistance between carbon fibers unchanged. Also, since it contributes to the improvement of paper strength, it is useful for applying the mixed heat-generating sheet to a field requiring strength such as a floor heating material. If 65% by weight or more of these bast fibers is used, kraft pulp such as NBKP may be used as the remaining amount, and the price can be reduced.
（３）炭素繊維のパルプへの混入率を５重量％以上10重
量％以下とすることにより、混抄シートの電気抵抗値と
シート表面温度とを設定値に維持することができる。(3) By setting the mixing ratio of carbon fiber to pulp to 5% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less, the electric resistance value and the sheet surface temperature of the mixed sheet can be maintained at the set values.
炭素繊維は混抄シートの総重量の５％以上10％以下の混
入率とすることが必要である。炭素繊維が例えば20重量
％含まれている混抄シートは、粘剤を用いた場合でも、
次第に多量の電流が流れ、温度を設定値に維持すること
が難しくなる。また、炭素繊維が５％以下であると、所
要の発熱量が得られず、実用的な面発熱体を得ることが
できない。It is necessary that the carbon fiber content is 5% or more and 10% or less of the total weight of the mixed sheet. For example, a mixed sheet containing 20% by weight of carbon fiber, even when using a sticky agent,
A large amount of current gradually flows, and it becomes difficult to maintain the temperature at the set value. Further, if the carbon fiber content is 5% or less, the required calorific value cannot be obtained and a practical surface heating element cannot be obtained.
（４）混抄シートを坪量60g/m2以下、厚さ160μｍ以下
に抄造することにより、混抄シートは温度上昇の制御が
容易である。(4) By making a mixed paper sheet with a basis weight of 60 g / m 2 or less and a thickness of 160 μm or less, the temperature increase of the mixed paper sheet can be easily controlled.
混抄シートは比較的疎な組織で薄いものとすることが熱
容量の小さな発熱体を得るために必要である。混抄シー
トを構成している炭素繊維及び靱皮繊維が比較的疎であ
ることは、炭素繊維からの発熱を放散しやすくし、また
薄いことも同じ目的に寄与する。厚く密な混抄シートは
温度上昇の制御を困難にする。It is necessary for the mixed paper sheet to have a relatively sparse structure and be thin in order to obtain a heating element having a small heat capacity. The relatively sparse carbon fibers and bast fibers constituting the mixed sheet facilitate the dissipation of heat generated from the carbon fibers, and the thinness also contributes to the same purpose. A thick and dense mixed sheet makes it difficult to control the temperature rise.
薄く疎な組織とするには、前記（２）に述べたように靱
皮繊維を主材としなければ紙力が不十分になる。In order to make a thin and sparse structure, paper strength becomes insufficient unless bast fibers are used as the main material as described in (2) above.
［実施例］ 次に、図面を参照して本発明の実施例について説明す
る。[Embodiment] Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明に係る炭素繊維混抄シートを顕微鏡的に
拡大した状態で示す部分平面図である。FIG. 1 is a partial plan view showing a carbon fiber mixed paper sheet according to the present invention in a microscopically enlarged state.
黒くぬりつぶして示す炭素繊維１は、４本がそれぞれ部
分的に示されているが、太さ（直径）は約6.8μｍ、長
さは約8mmの定寸にカットされている。炭素繊維１を保
持している植物パルプ２は、コウゾ、ミツマタ又はマニ
ラ麻などの靱皮繊維であり、65重量％含み、炭素繊維１
よりも太くて長い。植物パルプ２には、25重量％のクラ
フトパルプ、例えばNBKPを混入する。The carbon fibers 1 shown in black are partially shown, each of which has a thickness (diameter) of about 6.8 μm and a length of about 8 mm. The plant pulp 2 which holds the carbon fiber 1 is a bast fiber such as Kozo, Mitumata or Manila hemp, and contains 65% by weight of the carbon fiber 1.
Thicker and longer than. The plant pulp 2 is mixed with 25% by weight of kraft pulp, for example NBKP.
靱皮繊維は、混抄紙中の炭素繊維をよく保持することが
でき、炭素繊維どうしの接触抵抗を不変に保つ。The bast fibers can well hold the carbon fibers in the mixed paper and keep the contact resistance between the carbon fibers unchanged.
炭素繊維１と植物パルプ２の表面のところどころに雲の
ように付着しているのが粘剤固形分３である。具体的に
粘剤は、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリエチレンオキサイド
又はCMCなどの合成粘剤、或はトロロアオイの抽出粘液
などの天然粘剤を使用し得るが、価格及び品質の安定性
の見地から合成粘剤を使用することが好適である。混抄
シートにおいて、粘剤は固形分３が繊維表面を部分的に
被覆する形で残る。或る程度雲状に集合したものから、
図示できない程度の極く薄い、オングストロームのオー
ダでの膜、又は班点として付着しているものも認められ
る。The sticky solid 3 is attached to the surface of the carbon fiber 1 and the plant pulp 2 like a cloud in places. Specifically, as the sticky agent, a synthetic sticky agent such as polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide or CMC, or a natural sticky agent such as extracted mud of Troloia mallow can be used, but the synthetic sticky agent is selected from the viewpoint of price and quality stability. Preference is given to using. In the mixed sheet, the sticking agent remains in a form in which the solid content 3 partially covers the fiber surface. From a certain amount of clouds,
An extremely thin film which cannot be shown in the drawing, a film on the order of angstrom, or a film which is attached as a spot is also recognized.
このような固形分３は炭素繊維１と他の炭素繊維１との
交点４にも付着しているし、炭素繊維１と植物パルプ２
との交点５にも付着している。特に、交点４における固
形分３は２本の炭素繊維１の接触面にも侵入していて、
炭素繊維どうしの直接的接触を妨げているが、その介在
厚は極めて薄くオングストローム単位であるから、炭素
繊維間の導電を妨げない程度である。こうして、後述す
る第２図の発熱体のように電極を設けて通電した場合、
電極間に炭素繊維−接触部位−炭素繊維−接触部位−…
のように無数の導電通路が形成され、発熱するのであ
る。本発明によれば、この接触部位での電気抵抗値は温
度上昇によっても変動することがなく、実質的に一定に
保たれることが認められている。しかし、粘剤を用いず
に同一条件で抄紙した炭素繊維混抄紙の場合は、後述す
る第４図のグラフＸに示すように、短時間で温度が制御
不能に上昇してしまうことが認められた。このグラフＸ
は炭素繊維自体の温度特性に近似しており、介在物（粘
剤固形分）が存在しないため、混抄シートの温度挙動も
炭素繊維の挙動がそのまま現われてしまうものと推論さ
れる。Such solids 3 are also attached to the intersections 4 between the carbon fibers 1 and other carbon fibers 1, and the carbon fibers 1 and the plant pulp 2
It is also attached at intersection 5 with. In particular, the solid content 3 at the intersection point 4 also penetrates into the contact surface between the two carbon fibers 1,
Although the direct contact between the carbon fibers is hindered, the intervening thickness is extremely thin and is in the unit of angstrom, so that the conductivity between the carbon fibers is not hindered. Thus, when an electrode is provided and electricity is applied like the heating element of FIG. 2 described later,
Carbon fiber between electrodes-contact portion-carbon fiber-contact portion -...
As described above, innumerable conductive paths are formed and heat is generated. According to the present invention, it is recognized that the electric resistance value at the contact portion does not fluctuate even when the temperature rises and is kept substantially constant. However, in the case of a carbon fiber mixed paper made under the same conditions without using a sticky agent, it is recognized that the temperature uncontrollably rises in a short time as shown in a graph X of FIG. 4 described later. It was This graph X
Is close to the temperature characteristics of the carbon fiber itself, and since there is no inclusion (solid content of the sticky agent), it is inferred that the temperature behavior of the mixed sheet also shows the behavior of the carbon fiber as it is.
参考として、第１図に示した炭素繊維混抄シートは一例
として次のように製造され得る。For reference, the carbon fiber mixed paper sheet shown in FIG. 1 can be manufactured as follows as an example.
植物パルプ（ミツマタ:NBKP＝65:35） 57KG（乾重） 炭素繊維（8mm長、6.8μ径） 8.5KG（乾重） この量成分に水を加えてよく攪拌し、炭素繊維をパルプ
中によく分散させる。ついで合成粘剤（ポリアクリルア
ミド）630cc（３重量％）を添加し、さらに攪拌した
上、紙料を幅約1mの抄網上に流し坪量40g/m2に抄造す
る。乾燥ドラム通過後の成紙の厚みは120μｍと測定さ
れた。この混抄紙の電気抵抗は50Ω／□で、引張り強さ
は縦（紙料流送方向）4.0kg/15mm、緯（竜層方向と直
角）3.5kg/15mmと測定された。乾燥成紙中、炭素繊維は
成紙総重量の13％を占める。Plant pulp (Mitsumata: NBKP = 65: 35) 57KG (dry weight) Carbon fiber (8mm length, 6.8μ diameter) 8.5KG (dry weight) Add water to this quantity component and stir well to put carbon fiber into pulp Disperse well. Then, 630 cc (3% by weight) of a synthetic sticky agent (polyacrylamide) is added, and the mixture is further stirred, and then the paper material is poured on a paper making machine having a width of about 1 m to make a paper having a basis weight of 40 g / m 2 . The thickness of the formed paper after passing through the drying drum was measured to be 120 μm. The electrical resistance of this mixed paper was 50Ω / □, and the tensile strength was measured as 4.0 kg / 15 mm in the longitudinal direction (paper feed direction) and 3.5 kg / 15 mm in the weft (right angle to the direction of the dragon layer). Carbon fiber accounts for 13% of the total weight of the dry paper in the dry paper.
以上の処方において、ミツマタを同量のマニラ麻に代え
て得られた混抄紙もほぼ同等の性状を有した。また、ミ
ツマタをコウゾに代えた場合は、紙力がやや増強された
以外、同等の性状が得られた。In the above formulation, the mixed paper obtained by substituting the same amount of Manila hemp for Mitsumata also had substantially the same properties. Further, when Mitsumata was replaced with Kozo, the same properties were obtained except that the paper strength was slightly enhanced.
炭素繊維を5mm以下の定寸にカットしたものは、混抄シ
ートとして導電性が不足し、所要の発熱量に達しなかっ
た。逆に、15mm以上、例えば20mmに定寸カットした炭素
繊維はパルプなかへの分散が悪く、混抄紙中に炭素繊維
ムラを生じると共に、温度特性が不安定になり、加熱し
すぎる傾向が見られた。好適には5mm以上10mm以下の炭
素繊維を混抄するのが温度曲線を設定値以下にする。ま
た、例えば10mmの炭素繊維をシート重量の15％になるよ
う混入した場合でも、坪量80g/m2、200μｍ厚に抄造す
ると、温度曲線が設定値を超え、制御が困難になると認
められた。The carbon fiber cut into a fixed size of 5 mm or less did not have the required calorific value because of insufficient conductivity as a mixed sheet. On the contrary, carbon fibers cut to a size of 15 mm or more, for example 20 mm, have poor dispersion in the pulp, causing unevenness of carbon fibers in the mixed paper, unstable temperature characteristics, and a tendency to overheat. It was It is preferable to mix carbon fibers of 5 mm or more and 10 mm or less so that the temperature curve is not more than the set value. Also, for example, even when 10 mm of carbon fiber was mixed so as to be 15% of the sheet weight, it was recognized that if the basis weight was 80 g / m 2 and the thickness was 200 μm, the temperature curve would exceed the set value and control would be difficult. .
次に、第２図は上記のようにして作られた炭素繊維混抄
シートから製造される本発明の実用的な面発熱体の一実
施例を示す平面図である。この面発熱体10は、混抄シー
ト（40g/m2、120μ厚）11を横Ｗ＝900mm、縦Ｌ＝1800mm
の大きさに裁断し、その長辺（Ｌ）に沿って幅約10mmの
電極12を一対に設け、各電極12からリード線13及びプラ
グ14を介し適宜電源（直流又は交流）に接続し得るよう
にしたものである。この面発熱体10は、電極間に100Vの
電圧をかけ、約4A（又はそれ以下）の電流を流し、50℃
未満の表面温度を長時間安定に維持するように設計され
たものである。Next, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a practical surface heating element of the present invention manufactured from the carbon fiber mixed paper sheet manufactured as described above. As the surface heating element 10, a mixed paper sheet (40 g / m 2 , 120 μ thick) 11 is W = 900 mm in width and L = 1800 mm in length.
A pair of electrodes 12 having a width of about 10 mm are provided along the long side (L), and each electrode 12 can be appropriately connected to a power source (DC or AC) via a lead wire 13 and a plug 14. It was done like this. This surface heating element 10 applies a voltage of 100 V between the electrodes and passes a current of about 4 A (or less) at 50 ° C.
It is designed to maintain a surface temperature of less than below stably for a long time.
電極12は、種々の方法で形成し得るが、好適には混抄シ
ート11の辺沿いに銀ペーストをスクリーン印刷によって
付着させるのが実際的である。第３図はこのようにして
形成した電極部分を拡大して示す部分断面図（第２図II
I-III線相当）であり、電極12を構成している銀ペース
ト15は紙厚Ｔ（＝120μｍ）の半分くらいまで浸透して
いる。この銀ペースト電極12の要所の表面に銅箔16を粘
着し、そこにリード線13を溶着する。The electrode 12 can be formed by various methods, but it is practical that the silver paste is preferably applied by screen printing along the sides of the mixed sheet 11. FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial sectional view of the electrode portion thus formed (FIG. 2 II).
(Corresponding to line I-III), and the silver paste 15 forming the electrode 12 has penetrated to about half of the paper thickness T (= 120 μm). A copper foil 16 is adhered to the surface of a key portion of the silver paste electrode 12, and a lead wire 13 is welded thereto.
以上のような面発熱体10についての通電発熱試験の結果
を第４図のグラフに示す。第４図のグラフＡは面発熱体
10の表面の中央の点Ａ（第２図）において30分間隔で測
定した温度（Ｃ）を表わすものである。電極12,12間に1
00Vの電圧をかけ、室温20℃において14時間測定した。
グラフＡから認められるように、通電後約10分間で40℃
まで急速に立ち上がり、30分を過ぎると温度上昇はゆる
やかとなり、面発熱体10の端の点Ａ′（第２図）上で測
定した温度値のグラフもほぼグラフＡと重なり、大差が
ない。その他の試験も含め、面発熱体10はその表面各点
においてほぼ均等な温度分布であることが認められた。The results of the energization heat generation test for the above surface heating element 10 are shown in the graph of FIG. Graph A in FIG. 4 shows a surface heating element.
It represents the temperature (C) measured at 30-minute intervals at point A (FIG. 2) at the center of the surface of 10. 1 between electrodes 12, 12
A voltage of 00V was applied and measurement was performed at room temperature of 20 ° C. for 14 hours.
As can be seen from Graph A, 40 ° C in about 10 minutes after energization
The temperature rises rapidly up to 30 minutes, and the temperature rise becomes gentle, and the graph of the temperature value measured on the point A ′ (FIG. 2) at the end of the surface heating element 10 almost overlaps with the graph A, showing no great difference. Including the other tests, it was confirmed that the surface heating element 10 had a substantially uniform temperature distribution at each surface point.
第４図に破線グラフＣで示すのは、電極12上のＣ点（第
２図）で測定した温度のグラフである。電極の反対端及
び中央で測定した温度グラフもグラフＣにほぼ重なる。
電極の温度は約35℃のレベルで安定しており、これは電
極自体の発熱というより面発熱混抄シート11からの電熱
によるものと思われる。A broken line graph C shown in FIG. 4 is a graph of the temperature measured at the point C on the electrode 12 (FIG. 2). The temperature graphs measured at the opposite ends and center of the electrodes also overlap graph C.
The temperature of the electrode is stable at a level of about 35 ° C. It is considered that this is due to the electric heat from the surface-heating mixed sheet 11 rather than the heat generation of the electrode itself.
第４図のグラフＤは、電極12,12間を流れる電流の実測
値であり、3.8〜4Aの線にほぼ安定しており、従来の技
術常識に反し、炭素繊維混抄紙の電気抵抗が温度及び時
間と共に変化しないことを実証している。このように畳
１帖分に相当する大型の炭素繊維混抄シートが10時間越
える長い時間、暴走もせず、安定な発熱を維持するとい
うことは、従来の技術常識では全く予想もされなかった
ことである。Graph D in FIG. 4 is the measured value of the current flowing between the electrodes 12 and 12, which is almost stable on the line of 3.8 to 4 A, and contrary to the conventional common sense, the electrical resistance of the carbon fiber mixed paper is the temperature. And that it does not change over time. In this way, a large carbon fiber mixed paper sheet equivalent to one tatami mat does not runaway for a long time of more than 10 hours and maintains stable heat generation, which was not expected at all in conventional technical common sense. is there.
比較のため、粘剤を用いずに、同じパルプ：炭素繊維の
配合比で抄造した混抄紙を同一条件（100V、20℃室温）
で試験した。第４図の鎖線グラフＸはこの結果を示すも
のであるが、通電後30分程度で50℃を越え、以後温度は
上昇を続け、安定する傾向を見せなかった。このような
発熱シートは、サーモスタットなどによるオンオフ制御
をしたとしても、面発熱体として実用にならない。For comparison, a mixed paper made with the same pulp: carbon fiber blending ratio without using a sticky agent under the same conditions (100 V, 20 ° C. room temperature)
Tested in. The chain line graph X in FIG. 4 shows this result, but the temperature exceeded 50 ° C. in about 30 minutes after energization, and thereafter the temperature continued to rise and did not tend to stabilize. Such a heat generating sheet cannot be practically used as a surface heating element even if on / off control is performed by a thermostat or the like.
第５図は、第２図に示した面発熱体10を、さらに安全で
実用的な床暖房材20に形成した一実施例を略示的に示す
横断面図である。この床暖房材20は、炭素繊維混抄シー
ト11に第２図と同様な電極12を付設し、リード線13（第
５図では省略）を持続した上、シート11の裏面に厚さ3m
m程度の発泡ポリウレタン層21を重ね合わせ、この全体
の表面と裏面に1.8mm厚のポリ塩化ビニールシート22,2
2′を被覆して、四周を封着23したものである。表面の
塩ビシート22上のＢ点（第２図のＡ点に重なる）で測定
した温度値を第４図のグラフＢに示す。平均して塩ビシ
ート表面上では、混抄シートそのものの表面より５℃低
い温度になるが、安定して長時間同一温度水準を維持す
ることはグラフＡの場合と同様である。FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view schematically showing an embodiment in which the surface heating element 10 shown in FIG. 2 is formed on a safer and more practical floor heating material 20. In this floor heating material 20, a carbon fiber mixed sheet 11 is provided with an electrode 12 similar to that shown in FIG. 2, a lead wire 13 (not shown in FIG. 5) is maintained, and a thickness of 3 m is provided on the back surface of the sheet 11.
Overlaid with a polyurethane foam layer 21 of about m, and a 1.8 mm thick PVC sheet 22,2 on the entire front and back surfaces.
2'is covered and the four circumferences are sealed 23. The temperature value measured at point B (overlapped with point A in FIG. 2) on the vinyl chloride sheet 22 on the surface is shown in graph B in FIG. On the surface of the vinyl chloride sheet, the average temperature is 5 ° C. lower than that of the mixed sheet itself, but the same temperature level is stably maintained for a long time as in the case of graph A.
［発明の効果］ 以上説明のように、本発明によれば炭素繊維を含有する
混抄シートが実用的な面発熱体になり得ることが実証さ
れたのである。このような混抄シートは、軽くて薄くて
丈夫であり、且つ裁断加工も容易であるから、例えば従
来の炭素繊維を含有する混抄シートやカーボンブラック
練込みゴムシートなどとは違って、床、壁、天井、間仕
切り、車両の内装用などの面発熱体として、安全且つ安
価に広く応用することができ、これまで例を見ない暖房
材を提供することができる効果がある。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, it has been proved that a mixed paper sheet containing carbon fibers can be a practical surface heating element. Such a mixed sheet is light, thin and durable, and is easy to cut, so that, for example, unlike a conventional mixed sheet containing carbon fibers or a carbon black kneaded rubber sheet, floors, walls As a surface heating element for ceilings, partitions, vehicle interiors, etc., it can be widely applied safely and inexpensively, and there is an effect that it is possible to provide a heating material unprecedented.
第１図は本発明に係る炭素繊維混抄発熱シートのごく小
さな一部を顕微鏡的に拡大して示す部分平面図、 第２図は実用的な寸法の面発熱体に仕立てた本発明に係
る炭素繊維混抄シートの平面図、 第３図は第２図III-III線に相当する電極部分の拡大断
面図、 第４図は面発熱体について実施した通電発熱試験の結果
を示すグラフで、グラフＡ及びグラフＣは第２図のよう
な面発熱体のＡ点及びＣ点（電極）で測定した温度値、
グラフＤは電極間に流れた電流値、グラフＢは第５図の
ような面発熱体の被覆面上で測定した温度値、グラフＸ
は対照物（粘剤なし混抄紙）についての温度値をそれぞ
れ表わす。 第５図は実用的な寸法と構成の床暖房材に仕立てた本発
明に係る炭素繊維混抄シートの略示横断面図である。 （主要符号の説明） １……短截炭素繊維 ２……植物パルプ ３……粘剤固形分 ４……炭素繊維どうしの交点 ５……炭素繊維と植物パルプの交点 11……炭素繊維混抄シート 12……電極 13……リード線 15……銀ペースト 21……発泡ポリウレタン層 22,22′……ポリ塩化ビニルシート又はフィルムFIG. 1 is a partial plan view showing a very small part of a carbon fiber-mixed sheet heating sheet according to the present invention by enlarging it microscopically, and FIG. 2 is a carbon sheet according to the present invention tailored into a surface heating element having practical dimensions. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the fiber-mixed sheet, FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an electrode portion corresponding to line III-III in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a graph showing a result of an electric heat generation test performed on a surface heating element. And a graph C shows temperature values measured at points A and C (electrodes) of the surface heating element as shown in FIG.
Graph D is the current value flowing between the electrodes, graph B is the temperature value measured on the coated surface of the surface heating element as shown in FIG. 5, graph X
Indicates the temperature value of the control product (mixed paper without adhesive). FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a carbon fiber mixed paper sheet according to the present invention, which is tailored to a floor heating material having a practical size and configuration. (Explanation of main symbols) 1 ... Short carbon fiber 2 ... Plant pulp 3 ... Solid content of sticky agent 4 ... Intersection of carbon fibers 5 ... Intersection of carbon fiber and plant pulp 11 ... Carbon fiber mixed sheet 12 …… Electrode 13 …… Lead wire 15 …… Silver paste 21 …… Polyurethane foam layer 22,22 ′ …… Polyvinyl chloride sheet or film
Claims (2)
％、靱皮繊維を65重量％以上含むパルプ、及び粘剤１重
量％以上を含む坪量60g/m2、厚さ160μｍ以下の混抄シ
ートの縁部に銀ペストを印捺し銅等からなる電極を積層
取付け両面をプラスチックシートにより被覆密封してな
ることを特徴とする炭素繊維混抄発熱シート。1. A pulp containing 5 to 10% by weight of short carbon fibers having a length of 5 to 10 mm and 65% by weight or more of bast fibers, and a basis weight of 60 g / m 2 and a thickness of 160 μm containing 1% by weight or more of a sticking agent. A carbon fiber mixed paper exothermic sheet characterized in that a silver pest is printed on the edge of the following mixed paper sheet, electrodes made of copper or the like are laminated, and both surfaces are covered and sealed with a plastic sheet.
65重量％以上含むパルプと混合し合成粘剤を粘剤１重量
％以上加えて抄紙機上で混抄した、坪量60g/m2、厚さ16
0μｍ以下の混抄シートを、圧搾乾燥後シートに裁断
し、該シートの縁部に沿って銀ペストを印捺し、その上
に銅板を積層して取り付けたことを特徴とする炭素繊維
混抄発熱シートの製造方法。2. Bast fiber is obtained by cutting carbon fiber into 5 to 10 mm.
Mixed with pulp containing 65% by weight or more and adding 1% by weight or more of synthetic sticky agent on a paper machine, basis weight 60 g / m 2 , thickness 16
A carbon fiber mixed heat generating sheet, characterized in that a mixed paper sheet having a size of 0 μm or less is cut into sheets after being squeezed and dried, silver pests are printed along the edges of the sheet, and a copper plate is laminated and attached thereon. Production method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61124324A JPH0746630B2 (en) | 1986-05-29 | 1986-05-29 | Carbon fiber mixed paper heating sheet and method for producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61124324A JPH0746630B2 (en) | 1986-05-29 | 1986-05-29 | Carbon fiber mixed paper heating sheet and method for producing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62281293A JPS62281293A (en) | 1987-12-07 |
| JPH0746630B2 true JPH0746630B2 (en) | 1995-05-17 |
Family
ID=14882520
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61124324A Expired - Lifetime JPH0746630B2 (en) | 1986-05-29 | 1986-05-29 | Carbon fiber mixed paper heating sheet and method for producing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0746630B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03165746A (en) * | 1989-11-27 | 1991-07-17 | Nippon Medical Kk | Heating mat for medical diagnostic device |
| JPH0523156A (en) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-02-02 | Fumio Takimura | Frozen food-thawing machine |
| JP2709260B2 (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1998-02-04 | 株式会社ダイリン商事 | Far-infrared radiation method |
| JPH0831553A (en) * | 1994-07-15 | 1996-02-02 | Nichifu Co Ltd | Paper heat radiating body |
| JP2010182650A (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-19 | Kazuo Yoshinaga | Planar heating element and manufacturing method for the same |
| KR102361220B1 (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2022-02-11 | 재단법인 한국탄소산업진흥원 | Method for manufacturing a highly conductive carbon fiber paper, carbon fiber paper manufactured using the same, and carbon fiber plane heating element including the carbon fiber paper |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS55149112U (en) * | 1979-04-12 | 1980-10-27 | ||
| JPS60107287A (en) * | 1983-11-14 | 1985-06-12 | 徳丸 千之助 | Sheetlike heater |
-
1986
- 1986-05-29 JP JP61124324A patent/JPH0746630B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS62281293A (en) | 1987-12-07 |
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