JPH0735367A - Under-floor type air-conditioning device - Google Patents
Under-floor type air-conditioning deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0735367A JPH0735367A JP17829293A JP17829293A JPH0735367A JP H0735367 A JPH0735367 A JP H0735367A JP 17829293 A JP17829293 A JP 17829293A JP 17829293 A JP17829293 A JP 17829293A JP H0735367 A JPH0735367 A JP H0735367A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- air
- floor panel
- floor slab
- heat
- heat insulating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
- Duct Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、アクセスフロアパネル
と床スラブとの間に設ける空気通路に空調空気を流し、
これを室内に供給して冷房や暖房を行うアンダーフロア
式空気調和装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention allows conditioned air to flow in an air passage provided between an access floor panel and a floor slab,
The present invention relates to an underfloor type air conditioner that supplies this indoors to perform cooling or heating.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、この種の空気調和装置は、特開昭
６１−１１５３５号公報に開示され且つ図５に示すよう
に、コンクリート製の床スラブＳの上部に、多数の支持
脚Ｔを介してアクセスフロアパネルＰを支持し、床スラ
ブＳとアクセスフロアパネルＰとの間に、熱交換器Ｃ等
を備える空調ユニットＵから供給する空調空気を流す空
気通路Ｒを設け、該通路Ｒに流す空調空気を、フィルタ
Ｆ等を備える二次処理ユニットＷからパーティションＮ
に設けるダクトＤを経て吹出口Ｊ，Ｋ，Ｌから室内に供
給し、冷房や暖房を行うようにしている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an air conditioner of this type has a large number of support legs T on an upper portion of a concrete floor slab S, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-11535 and shown in FIG. The access floor panel P is supported through the air passage R between the floor slab S and the access floor panel P, and an air passage R for flowing the conditioned air supplied from the air conditioning unit U including the heat exchanger C is provided in the passage R. The conditioned air to be flowed from the secondary processing unit W including the filter F and the like to the partition N
The air is supplied from the air outlets J, K, and L through the duct D provided in the room to perform cooling and heating.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、以上のもので
は、空調空気が床スラブＳの上面を直に通過し、しかも
空気通路Ｒを挟んでアクセスフロアパネルＰが床スラブ
Ｓに直に対面するから、空気通路Ｒと床スラブＳとの
間、及び、空気通路Ｓを挟んでアクセスフロアパネルＰ
と床スラブＳとの間で熱が出入りし、暖房時には、空調
空気側の熱が床スラブＳ側に逃げて、吹出空気温度が低
下し、冷房時には、逆に床スラブＳ側の熱が空調空気側
に移動して、吹出空気温度が上昇し、何れもロスが大き
い問題がある。特に、床スラブＳの蓄熱負荷は大きいた
め、運転の立上がり時間が長くなり、省エネに反する問
題がある。又、空調ユニットＵからの距離が遠退くほ
ど、床スラブＳからの熱影響を長く受けるため、空調ユ
ニットＵに近い吹出口と、空調ユニットＵから遠退く吹
出口とで空気温度に差が生じる問題がある。更には、加
湿暖房時に、高温多湿の空気が床スラブＳ側から冷やさ
れて飽和状態となり、床スラブＳの上面に結露が生じる
問題もある。However, in the above, the conditioned air directly passes through the upper surface of the floor slab S, and the access floor panel P directly faces the floor slab S with the air passage R sandwiched therebetween. Between the air passage R and the floor slab S, and the access floor panel P sandwiching the air passage S.
Between the floor slab S and the floor slab S, the heat on the conditioned air side escapes to the floor slab S side during heating, the blown air temperature decreases, and the heat on the floor slab S side conversely cools during cooling. There is a problem that the temperature of the blown air rises due to the movement to the air side, resulting in a large loss. In particular, since the heat storage load of the floor slab S is large, there is a problem that the startup time of operation becomes long, which is against energy saving. Further, as the distance from the air conditioning unit U is farther away, the heat effect from the floor slab S is longer, so that there is a difference in air temperature between the air outlet closer to the air conditioning unit U and the air outlet farther from the air conditioning unit U. There's a problem. Furthermore, during humidification and heating, high-temperature and high-humidity air is cooled from the floor slab S side to a saturated state, and there is a problem that dew condensation occurs on the upper surface of the floor slab S.
【０００４】本発明の目的は、空調空気と床スラブとの
間及びアクセスフロアパネルと床スラブとの間で熱が出
入りするのを低減して、熱ロスを少なくし、同時に放射
空調効果も得られるようにし、運転の立上がり時間を短
縮すると共に、吹出空気温度のバラツキや結露の問題を
解消し得るアンダーフロア式空気調和装置を提供する点
にある。It is an object of the present invention to reduce heat transfer between the conditioned air and the floor slab and between the access floor panel and the floor slab to reduce heat loss and at the same time obtain a radiant air conditioning effect. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an underfloor type air conditioner capable of reducing the rise time of operation and solving the problems of variations in blown air temperature and dew condensation.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】そこで、上記目的を達成
するために、請求項１記載の発明は、図１に示すよう
に、床スラブ１の上部にアクセスフロアパネル２を支持
し、前記床スラブ１とアクセスフロアパネル２との間に
空調空気を流す空気通路３を設けたアンダーフロア式空
気調和装置において、前記床スラブ１の上面に、前記ア
クセスフロアパネル２の裏面に対向する表面に反射面５
１をもち、この反射面５１の裏面に断熱層５２をもった
反射断熱板５を施設していると共に、前記アクセスフロ
アパネル２の裏面を、輻射熱の吸収率が高い黒色若しく
はこれに近い色にしている構成にした。In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 supports an access floor panel 2 on an upper part of a floor slab 1 as shown in FIG. In an underfloor type air conditioner having an air passage 3 through which conditioned air flows between the slab 1 and the access floor panel 2, the upper surface of the floor slab 1 is reflected on the surface facing the back surface of the access floor panel 2. Surface 5
1 and a reflective heat insulating plate 5 having a heat insulating layer 52 on the back surface of the reflecting surface 51 is provided, and the back surface of the access floor panel 2 is black or a color close to this, which has a high radiant heat absorption rate. It has a structure.
【０００６】加えて、反射断熱板５の保持を良好に行う
ため、請求項２記載の発明は、請求項１記載の発明にお
いて、アクセスフロアパネル２を支持する支持脚６に、
反射断熱板５の浮き上がりを抑える抑え具７を係合させ
ている構成にした。In addition, in order to satisfactorily hold the reflective heat insulating plate 5, the invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the invention according to claim 1, the supporting leg 6 for supporting the access floor panel 2 is provided with:
A configuration is adopted in which a retainer 7 that suppresses lifting of the reflective heat insulating plate 5 is engaged.
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】請求項１記載の発明では、空気通路３は、反射
断熱板５における断熱層５２を介して床スラブ１と接す
るため、暖房時及び冷房時双方につき、空気通路３に流
れる空調空気と床スラブ１との間の伝導による熱伝達を
低減できる。しかも、床スラブ１の上面側は、断熱層５
２を挟んで反射面５１が位置していて、床スラブ１から
の熱影響を低減した状態で輻射率の小さな面を形成して
おり、アクセスフロアパネル２の裏面側は、黒色若しく
はこれに近い色にしていて、輻射吸収率の高い面として
いるため、暖房時には、暖めようとして高温側となるア
クセスフロアパネル２から床スラブ１側への輻射による
熱の逃げを低減できると共に、反射面５１によって反射
された輻射熱をアクセスフロアパネル２に吸収させ、有
効に室内に放射されることができ、伝導による空調効果
と共に放射空調効果をも増大させることができる。又、
冷房時には、温度の高い床スラブ１からアクセスフロア
パネル２側への輻射による熱の移動を低減できると共
に、空気通路３に接する床スラブ１側の温度すなわち反
射面５１の表面温度を低減でき、これに対向して熱バラ
ンスがとられるアクセスフロアパネル２の裏面の温度も
低減することができる。こうして、空気通路３と床スラ
ブ１との間、及び、空気通路３を挟んでアクセスフロア
パネル２と床スラブ１との間で、伝導及び輻射により熱
が出入りするのを効果的に低減でき、暖房時及び冷房時
双方について、熱ロスを低減できると共に、放射空調効
果を高めることができる。According to the first aspect of the present invention, the air passage 3 contacts the floor slab 1 through the heat insulating layer 52 of the reflective heat insulating plate 5, so that the conditioned air flowing through the air passage 3 can be used both during heating and during cooling. The heat transfer due to conduction with the floor slab 1 can be reduced. Moreover, the heat insulating layer 5 is provided on the upper surface side of the floor slab 1.
The reflective surface 51 is located on both sides of 2 and forms a surface with a small emissivity in a state where the heat effect from the floor slab 1 is reduced. The back side of the access floor panel 2 is black or close to it. Since the surface is colored and has a high radiation absorption rate, it is possible to reduce the escape of heat due to radiation from the access floor panel 2 that is on the high temperature side to warm the floor slab 1 side during heating, and the reflecting surface 51 The reflected radiant heat can be absorbed by the access floor panel 2 and effectively radiated into the room, and the radiant air conditioning effect as well as the air conditioning effect by conduction can be increased. or,
During cooling, it is possible to reduce the heat transfer from the high temperature floor slab 1 to the access floor panel 2 side and reduce the temperature of the floor slab 1 side in contact with the air passage 3, that is, the surface temperature of the reflecting surface 51. It is also possible to reduce the temperature of the back surface of the access floor panel 2 which is opposed to and has a heat balance. In this way, it is possible to effectively reduce heat entering and leaving between the air passage 3 and the floor slab 1 and between the access floor panel 2 and the floor slab 1 with the air passage 3 interposed therebetween, In both heating and cooling, heat loss can be reduced and the radiant air conditioning effect can be enhanced.
【０００８】請求項２記載の発明では、抑え具７を支持
脚６に係合させることにより、反射断熱板５が床スラブ
１の上面から浮き上がるのを防止でき、反射断熱板５を
良好に保持することもできる。According to the second aspect of the present invention, by engaging the retainer 7 with the support leg 6, it is possible to prevent the reflective heat insulating plate 5 from rising from the upper surface of the floor slab 1, and to hold the reflective heat insulating plate 5 well. You can also do it.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例】図４は、本発明に係るアンダーフロア式空気
調和装置の全体構造を示し、コンクリート製の床スラブ
１の上部に、アクセスフロアパネル２を支持し、床スラ
ブ１とアクセスフロアパネル２との間に、フィルタ８
１、熱交換器８２及びファン８３を備える空調ユニット
８から吹出ダクト８４を介して供給する空調空気を流す
空気通路３を設け、アクセスフロアパネル２の適宜箇所
に設けるファン４１を内蔵した吹出ユニット４０に備え
る吹出口４から室内１０に空調空気を供給し、冷房や暖
房を行うようにしている。天井９０には吸込口９を備
え、天井内空間９１及び吸込ダクト９２を介して空調ユ
ニット８に室内空気を戻している。FIG. 4 shows the overall structure of an underfloor type air conditioner according to the present invention, in which an access floor panel 2 is supported on a concrete floor slab 1 and the floor slab 1 and the access floor panel 2 are supported. Between filter 8
1, an air passage 3 through which the conditioned air supplied from the air conditioning unit 8 including the heat exchanger 82 and the fan 83 through the air outlet duct 84 is provided, and the air blowing unit 40 having the fan 41 provided at an appropriate position of the access floor panel 2 is built in. Air-conditioned air is supplied to the room 10 from the air outlet 4 provided in the air conditioner to perform cooling and heating. The ceiling 90 is provided with a suction port 9, and the room air is returned to the air conditioning unit 8 via the space 91 inside the ceiling and the suction duct 92.
【００１０】アクセスフロアパネル２は、図１に明示す
るように、平面正方形の複数のパネル体２１から成り、
各パネル体２１を碁盤の目のように敷き詰めて、各突き
合わせ角部を、ベースプレート６１、脚部６２及び受部
６３を備える支持脚６を介して床スラブ１上に支持して
いる。各パネル体２１の上面には、カーペット２２等を
貼り付けている。As shown in FIG. 1, the access floor panel 2 is composed of a plurality of flat square panel members 21,
The panel bodies 21 are laid out like a grid, and the butt corners are supported on the floor slab 1 via the support legs 6 including the base plate 61, the leg portions 62, and the receiving portions 63. A carpet 22 or the like is attached to the upper surface of each panel body 21.
【００１１】以上の構成で、床スラブ１の上面には、ア
クセスフロアパネル２の裏面に対向する表面に反射面５
１をもち、その裏面に断熱層５２をもった反射断熱板５
を施設している。反射面５１は、アルミ箔等を用いて形
成している。断熱層５２は、グラスウール等を圧縮して
板状にしたものを用いて形成している。その他、断熱層
５２は、ウレタンや発泡スチロール等を用いて形成して
もよい。又、板状の断熱層５２の上面には、反射面５１
を構成するアルミ箔等を一体に貼り合わせている。この
他、貼り合わせではなく、断熱層５２の上面にシルバー
メタリック等の塗装を施して、反射面５１を形成しても
よい。更に、反射断熱板５は、図２に明示するように、
隣合う支持脚６，６間のスパンに合わせた幅をもつ長尺
な矩形状を呈し、これを多数枚隣接させて施設してい
る。With the above structure, the reflecting surface 5 is provided on the upper surface of the floor slab 1 facing the back surface of the access floor panel 2.
Reflective heat insulating plate 5 having 1 and a heat insulating layer 52 on its back surface
Have a facility. The reflecting surface 51 is formed using aluminum foil or the like. The heat insulating layer 52 is formed by compressing glass wool or the like into a plate shape. Alternatively, the heat insulating layer 52 may be formed by using urethane, styrofoam, or the like. Further, on the upper surface of the plate-shaped heat insulating layer 52, the reflective surface 51
The aluminum foil and other components that compose the are bonded together. In addition, the reflective surface 51 may be formed by coating the upper surface of the heat insulating layer 52 with silver metallic or the like, instead of pasting. Further, the reflective heat insulating plate 5 is, as clearly shown in FIG.
It has a long rectangular shape with a width that matches the span between adjacent support legs 6 and 6, and a large number of these are arranged adjacent to each other.
【００１２】一方、図１において、アクセスフロアパネ
ル２の裏面２３には、輻射熱の吸収率が高い黒色若しく
はこれに近い色にしている。この黒色化は、塗装による
着色によってもよいし、つや消しによってもよく、又、
黒色のシート等を貼り付けることによってもよいし、ア
クセスフロアパネル２自体を黒体の材料で形成すること
によってもよい。On the other hand, in FIG. 1, the back surface 23 of the access floor panel 2 is black or has a color close to black, which has a high absorption rate of radiant heat. This blackening may be done by coloring by painting or by matting, and
Alternatively, a black sheet or the like may be attached, or the access floor panel 2 itself may be formed of a black body material.
【００１３】更に、図２に示したように、隣合う支持脚
６に係合する半円筒形を呈する一対の係合片７１，７１
と、その間を連結する弾性を有する細い板状体或は棒状
体から成る一対の抑え片７２，７２とを備え、反射断熱
板５の床スラブ１からの浮き上がりを抑える抑え具７を
形成し、この抑え具７における係合片７１，７１を隣合
う支持脚６，６間に突っ張らせて、各抑え片７２，７２
を反射断熱板５の上面に位置させて、該反射断熱板５の
浮き上がりを阻止している。Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a pair of engaging pieces 71, 71 each having a semi-cylindrical shape and engaging with the adjacent supporting legs 6.
And a pair of restraining pieces 72, 72 made of a thin plate-like body or a rod-like body having elasticity for connecting between them, forming a restraining tool 7 for restraining the reflection heat insulating plate 5 from rising from the floor slab 1, The engaging pieces 71, 71 of the retainer 7 are stretched between the adjacent support legs 6, 6 so that the retaining pieces 72, 72
Is placed on the upper surface of the reflective heat insulating plate 5 to prevent the reflective heat insulating plate 5 from rising.
【００１４】尚、以上のものでは、支持脚６の幅の分だ
け反射断熱板５が介在しない部分が生じたが、図３に示
すように、各反射断熱板５の側部に、支持脚６を凹入さ
せる欠落部５３，５３を設けて、隙間なく施設するよう
にしてもよい。In the above, the width of the support legs 6 has a portion where the reflective heat insulating plate 5 does not intervene. However, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to provide the missing portions 53, 53 into which 6 is recessed so that the facility can be installed without a gap.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の効果】以上、請求項１記載の発明によれば、空
気通路３と床スラブ１との間、及び、空気通路３を挟ん
でアクセスフロアパネル２と床スラブ１との間で、伝導
及び輻射により熱が出入りするのを効果的に低減でき、
熱ロスを少なくできると共に、放射空調効果も高めるこ
とができ、運転の立上がり時間を短縮できると共に、こ
のように床スラブ１の熱影響を少なくできるため、吹出
口の空調空気源からの遠近による吹出空気温度のバラツ
キを低減することができるし、加湿暖房時に結露が発生
する問題も解消することができる。その上、床スラブ１
上に反射断熱板５が施設されるから、床スラブ１の表面
の塗装仕上げを省略することも可能だし、防音効果も得
られるという副次的な効果も期待できる。As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, conduction is achieved between the air passage 3 and the floor slab 1 and between the access floor panel 2 and the floor slab 1 with the air passage 3 interposed therebetween. And it is possible to effectively reduce the heat input and output by radiation,
The heat loss can be reduced, the radiant air conditioning effect can be enhanced, the start-up time of the operation can be shortened, and the heat effect of the floor slab 1 can be reduced in this way, so that the blowout from the air conditioning air source at the air outlet can be achieved. It is possible to reduce variations in air temperature, and it is possible to solve the problem of dew condensation occurring during humidification and heating. Besides, floor slab 1
Since the reflective heat insulating plate 5 is installed above, it is possible to omit the painting finish of the surface of the floor slab 1, and a secondary effect that a soundproofing effect is also obtained can be expected.
【００１６】又、請求項２記載の発明によれば、抑え具
７を支持脚６に係合させることにより、反射断熱板５が
床スラブ１の上面から浮き上がるのを防止でき、反射断
熱板５を良好に保持することもできる。Further, according to the second aspect of the present invention, by engaging the retainer 7 with the support leg 6, it is possible to prevent the reflective heat insulating plate 5 from floating above the upper surface of the floor slab 1, and thus the reflective heat insulating plate 5 can be prevented. Can also be held satisfactorily.
【図１】本発明アンダーフロア式空気調和装置の一実施
例を示す要部断面図。FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an essential part showing an embodiment of an underfloor type air conditioner of the present invention.
【図２】図１におけるＡ矢視平面図。FIG. 2 is a plan view taken along arrow A in FIG.
【図３】他の実施例を示す要部平面図。FIG. 3 is a plan view of an essential part showing another embodiment.
【図４】本発明アンダーフロア式空気調和装置の全体を
示す断面図。FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing the entire underfloor type air conditioner of the present invention.
【図５】従来装置の断面図。FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a conventional device.
１；床スラブ、２；アクセスフロアパネル、３；空気通
路、４；吹出口、５；反射断熱板、５１；反射面、５
２；断熱層、６；支持脚、７；抑え具、８；空調ユニッ
ト、９；吸込口1; floor slab, 2; access floor panel, 3; air passage, 4; outlet, 5; reflective heat insulating plate, 51; reflective surface, 5
2; heat insulating layer, 6; support leg, 7; restrainer, 8; air conditioning unit, 9; suction port
Claims (2)
ネル（２）を支持し、前記床スラブ（１）とアクセスフ
ロアパネル（２）との間に空調空気を流す空気通路
（３）を設けたアンダーフロア式空気調和装置におい
て、前記床スラブ（１）の上面に、前記アクセスフロア
パネル（２）の裏面に対向する表面に反射面（５１）を
もち、この反射面（５１）の裏面に断熱層（５２）をも
った反射断熱板（５）を施設していると共に、前記アク
セスフロアパネル（２）の裏面を、輻射熱の吸収率が高
い黒色若しくはこれに近い色にしていることを特徴とす
るアンダーフロア式空気調和装置。1. An access floor panel (2) is supported on an upper portion of a floor slab (1), and an air passage (3) for flowing conditioned air is provided between the floor slab (1) and the access floor panel (2). In the underfloor type air conditioner provided, a reflecting surface (51) is provided on the upper surface of the floor slab (1) facing the back surface of the access floor panel (2), and the back surface of this reflecting surface (51). In addition to providing a reflective heat insulating plate (5) having a heat insulating layer (52), the back surface of the access floor panel (2) is black or a color close to this, which has a high radiant heat absorption rate. A characteristic underfloor air conditioner.
持脚（６）に、反射断熱板（５）の浮き上がりを抑える
抑え具（７）を係合させている請求項１記載のアンダー
フロア式空気調和装置。2. An underfloor type according to claim 1, wherein a support leg (6) for supporting the access floor panel (2) is engaged with a restraining member (7) for suppressing the floating of the reflective heat insulating plate (5). Air conditioner.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17829293A JPH0735367A (en) | 1993-07-19 | 1993-07-19 | Under-floor type air-conditioning device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17829293A JPH0735367A (en) | 1993-07-19 | 1993-07-19 | Under-floor type air-conditioning device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0735367A true JPH0735367A (en) | 1995-02-07 |
Family
ID=16045925
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17829293A Pending JPH0735367A (en) | 1993-07-19 | 1993-07-19 | Under-floor type air-conditioning device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0735367A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10169162A (en) * | 1996-12-11 | 1998-06-23 | Takao Ishii | Floor framing substrate material support implement |
| JP2009174809A (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-08-06 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | Air-conditioning system |
| CN103398507A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-11-20 | 广西钧富凰地源热泵有限公司 | Heat pump system and air conditioner |
| JP2018066489A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-26 | 株式会社メックｅｃｏライフ | Air-conditioning system |
-
1993
- 1993-07-19 JP JP17829293A patent/JPH0735367A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10169162A (en) * | 1996-12-11 | 1998-06-23 | Takao Ishii | Floor framing substrate material support implement |
| JP2009174809A (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-08-06 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | Air-conditioning system |
| CN103398507A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-11-20 | 广西钧富凰地源热泵有限公司 | Heat pump system and air conditioner |
| JP2014052182A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2014-03-20 | Guangxi Junfuhuang Ground Source Heat Pump Co Ltd | Heat pump system and air conditioner |
| CN103398507B (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2016-01-27 | 广西钧富凰建筑环境技术有限公司 | A kind of heat pump and air conditioner |
| JP2018066489A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-26 | 株式会社メックｅｃｏライフ | Air-conditioning system |
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| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20020226 |