JPH07254417A - Solid electrolyte fuel cell - Google Patents
Solid electrolyte fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07254417A JPH07254417A JP6044010A JP4401094A JPH07254417A JP H07254417 A JPH07254417 A JP H07254417A JP 6044010 A JP6044010 A JP 6044010A JP 4401094 A JP4401094 A JP 4401094A JP H07254417 A JPH07254417 A JP H07254417A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- air
- power generation
- pore diameter
- interconnector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、固体電解質型燃料電池
に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】固体電解質型燃料電池は、燃料に含有さ
れる化学エネルギーを、燃焼による熱エネルギーの形態
を経由することなく、電気化学的手段を利用して連続的
に電気エネルギーへ直接変換する装置であり、高いエネ
ルギー変換効率を有するものである。2. Description of the Related Art A solid oxide fuel cell directly converts chemical energy contained in a fuel into electrical energy by utilizing electrochemical means without passing through the form of thermal energy by combustion. The device has high energy conversion efficiency.
【０００３】平板型の固体電解質型燃料電池は、例えば
第１図の分解斜視図に示すような基本構造からなる。す
なわち、燃料極１、固体電解質膜２、及び空気極３の各
層を重ねて、三層膜を構成する発電部４があり、これが
燃料電池の最小単位となって、外部から供給される水素
と空気（酸素）と反応を起こし、電気を発生する。この
発電部４を直列に接続、積層して大きな電圧を得るため
に、発電部４を積層する際、インターコネクタ５を用い
て発電部と発電部を仕切っている。A flat plate type solid oxide fuel cell has a basic structure as shown in an exploded perspective view of FIG. 1, for example. That is, there is a power generation unit 4 that forms a three-layer film by stacking the respective layers of the fuel electrode 1, the solid electrolyte membrane 2, and the air electrode 3, and this serves as the minimum unit of the fuel cell, and hydrogen supplied from the outside. Reacts with air (oxygen) to generate electricity. In order to connect and stack the power generating units 4 in series to obtain a large voltage, the power generating units are separated from each other by using the interconnector 5 when the power generating units 4 are stacked.
【０００４】このインターコネクタ５の両面には、互い
に直角方向に一連の溝６が設けられ、燃料極側には水素
が、また、空気極側には空気（酸素）が入る流路になっ
ている。そして、インターコネクタ５は燃料極１に入る
水素と空気極３に入る空気（酸素）とが混じるのを防ぐ
とともに、二つの発電部を直列に繋ぐための電子伝導体
の役目も果たす。燃料極１、空気極３、及びこれら各極
とインターコネクタ５との接合部６ａには、電気伝導性
を有する多孔質体（図示せず）が用いられている。な
お、水素と空気（酸素）が混じるのを防ぐため、発電部
４とインターコネクタ５の各端部のガスシールを必要と
する接合部７には、ガラス系シール材（図示せず）が用
いられている。A series of grooves 6 are provided on both sides of the interconnector 5 at right angles to each other, and serve as a flow path into which hydrogen enters the fuel electrode side and air (oxygen) enters the air electrode side. There is. The interconnector 5 prevents the hydrogen entering the fuel electrode 1 and the air (oxygen) entering the air electrode 3 from mixing with each other, and also serves as an electronic conductor for connecting the two power generation units in series. A porous body (not shown) having electrical conductivity is used for the fuel electrode 1, the air electrode 3, and the joint portion 6a between these electrodes and the interconnector 5. In order to prevent hydrogen and air (oxygen) from being mixed, a glass-based sealing material (not shown) is used for the joint 7 that requires gas sealing at each end of the power generation unit 4 and the interconnector 5. Has been.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来、燃料極１、空気
極３、及びこれら各極とインターコネクタ５との接合部
６ａで用いられる電気伝導性を有する多孔質体は、その
微細構造を観察すると、局所的に気孔率（一定の体積中
に占める気孔の体積の割合）がばらついた構造になって
いる。Conventionally, the fine structure of the porous body having electrical conductivity used in the fuel electrode 1, the air electrode 3, and the joint portion 6a between these electrodes and the interconnector 5 is observed. Then, the structure is such that the porosity (ratio of the volume of pores in a certain volume) varies locally.
【０００６】一般に、多孔質体の気孔率χとヤング率ε
との関係式として、 ε＝ε0 ｅｘｐ（−Ｂχ） ε0 ：χ＝０のときのε
Ｂ：定数 が知られている。Generally, the porosity χ and Young's modulus ε of a porous body are
As a relational expression with, ε = ε 0 exp (−Bχ) ε 0 : ε when χ = 0
B: A constant is known.
【０００７】従来の多孔質体の場合、局所的な気孔率の
ばらつきが大きいため、前記関係式により、局所的なヤ
ング率のばらつきも大きくなる。このため、同じ量の歪
みが発生しても、多孔質体の局所では発生する応力のば
らつきが大きくなる。そして、所々で破壊応力を超える
応力に達して、多孔質体自体が破壊されたり、多孔質体
と接合している発電部４（三層膜）やインターコネクタ
５が破壊される原因となっていた。また、大きく破壊さ
れるまでに至らない場合でも、部分的な破壊により、燃
料極１や空気極３で分極が大きくなったり、接合部６ａ
では電気伝導が不良になったりして、燃料電池の性能が
悪くなる原因となっていた。In the case of the conventional porous body, since the variation in the local porosity is large, the variation in the Young's modulus is also large according to the above relational expression. For this reason, even if the same amount of strain occurs, the variation in stress locally generated in the porous body becomes large. Then, the stress exceeding the breaking stress is reached in some places, which causes the porous body itself to be broken, or the power generation unit 4 (three-layer film) and the interconnector 5 that are joined to the porous body to be broken. It was Even if it is not destroyed to a large extent, the partial destruction causes a large polarization in the fuel electrode 1 and the air electrode 3, and the junction 6a.
In that case, the electric conduction becomes poor, which causes the performance of the fuel cell to deteriorate.
【０００８】そこで本発明の目的は、燃料極、空気極及
び前記各極とインターコネクタの接合部を構成している
多孔質体の局所的な気孔率のばらつきを抑えて、前記各
極の分極を小さくし、また、前記接合部の電気伝導を良
好に保って、電池の性能を向上させることができる固体
電解質型燃料電池を提供することにある。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to suppress the local variation of the porosity of the fuel electrode, the air electrode, and the porous body forming the joint between each electrode and the interconnector, and to polarize each electrode. It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid oxide fuel cell capable of improving the performance of the cell by reducing the size of the cell and maintaining good electrical conductivity of the joint.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、請求項１にお
いて、燃料極、固体電解質膜及び空気極からなる発電部
の前記各極が５μｍ以下の気孔径を有し、かつ、前記気
孔径の均一度が高い多孔質構造を有することを特徴とす
るものである。According to a first aspect of the present invention, each of the electrodes of a power generation section including a fuel electrode, a solid electrolyte membrane and an air electrode has a pore diameter of 5 μm or less, and the pore diameter is 5 μm or less. Is characterized by having a porous structure with high uniformity.
【００１０】また、請求項２において、燃料極、固体電
解質膜及び空気極からなる発電部の前記各極とインター
コネクタの接合部が５μｍ以下の気孔径を有し、かつ、
前記気孔径の均一度が高い多孔質構造を有することを特
徴とするものである。Further, in claim 2, the joint between each electrode and the interconnector of the power-generating portion consisting of the fuel electrode, the solid electrolyte membrane and the air electrode has a pore diameter of 5 μm or less, and
It is characterized by having a porous structure with a high degree of uniformity of the pore diameter.
【００１１】なお、気孔径を５μｍ以下としたのは、本
発明者らが実験によって、気孔径と気孔率の各ばらつき
の関係を調べた結果、気孔径が５μｍを超えると、その
ばらつきを抑えても局所的な気孔率のばらつきは小さく
ならないことを見出だしているためである。そして同じ
く、気孔径のばらつきの下限値としては、０．０５μ
ｍ、好ましくは０．１μｍにあることが望ましいことも
確認している。The reason why the pore diameter is set to 5 μm or less is that the inventors of the present invention experimentally investigated the relationship between each variation of the pore diameter and the porosity and found that when the pore diameter exceeds 5 μm, the variation is suppressed. However, it has been found that the local variation in porosity does not become small. Similarly, the lower limit of the variation in pore diameter is 0.05 μ
It has also been confirmed that it is desirable that the thickness is m, preferably 0.1 μm.
【００１２】[0012]
【作用】本発明によれば、発電部の燃料極と空気極、及
び前記各極とインターコネクタの接合部が５μｍ以下の
気孔径を有し、かつ、気孔径の均一度が高い多孔質構造
を有することにより、気孔径のばらつきが小さくなり、
局所的な気孔率のばらつきも小さく押さえることができ
るようになる。According to the present invention, the porous structure in which the fuel electrode and the air electrode of the power generation section, and the joint between each electrode and the interconnector have a pore diameter of 5 μm or less and the pore diameter is highly uniform. By having, the variation of the pore diameter is reduced,
It is possible to suppress local variations in porosity to a small level.
【００１３】そして、局所的な気孔率のばらつきが小さ
いため、局所的なヤング率のばらつきも小さくできる。
そのため、仮に歪みが発生しても、多孔質体の局所で発
生する応力のばらつきが小さくなり、応力の大きなとこ
ろでも、破壊応力を超えるような場合をなくすことがで
きる。そして、多孔質体自体が破壊されたり、多孔質体
と接合している発電部（三層膜）やインターコネクタが
破壊されることも防げる。Since the local variation in porosity is small, the local variation in Young's modulus can also be reduced.
Therefore, even if a strain is generated, the variation in the stress locally generated in the porous body is reduced, and it is possible to prevent the case where the fracture stress is exceeded even in a place where the stress is large. It is also possible to prevent the porous body itself from being destroyed, or the power generation part (three-layer film) and the interconnector that are joined to the porous body from being destroyed.
【００１４】これにより、燃料極や空気極では分極が大
きくなることがなく、また、燃料極、空気極の各極とイ
ンターコネクタの接合部では電気伝導が不良になること
もない。As a result, the polarization does not increase at the fuel electrode and the air electrode, and the electrical conduction does not become poor at the joint between the fuel electrode and the air electrode and the interconnector.
【００１５】[0015]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例及び比較例につき、図
面を参照して説明する。EXAMPLES Examples and comparative examples of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００１６】（実施例１）まず、本発明を平板型の固体
電解質型燃料電池の空気極に実施した。Example 1 First, the present invention was carried out on an air electrode of a flat plate type solid oxide fuel cell.
【００１７】空気極材である粒径約０．５μｍのＬａＭ
ｎＯ3 （ランタンマンガナイト）粉末に、ポリビニルブ
チラール系の結合剤とエタノールとトルエンとを混合し
た溶剤、及び気孔を作るための有機高分子で、分級によ
り粒径を約１μｍに揃えた球状セルロース粉末を加え
て、空気極ペーストとした。LaM having a particle size of about 0.5 μm, which is an air electrode material
Spherical cellulose powder in which nO 3 (lanthanum manganite) powder is mixed with a polyvinyl butyral type binder, ethanol and toluene, and an organic polymer for forming pores, and the particle size is adjusted to about 1 μm by classification. Was added to obtain an air electrode paste.
【００１８】これを固体電解質膜であるＹＳＺ（イット
リア安定化ジルコニア）基板の一方の面に塗布して、１
２００℃で焼き付けた。そして、この基板の反対側の面
には、多孔質性のＰｔ（白金）ペーストを塗布し、１０
００℃で焼き付けて燃料極とし、発電部となる三層膜を
得た。This is applied to one surface of a YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) substrate which is a solid electrolyte membrane, and 1
It was baked at 200 ° C. Then, a porous Pt (platinum) paste was applied to the opposite surface of the substrate, and 10
It was baked at 00 ° C. to make a fuel electrode, and a three-layer film to be a power generation part was obtained.
【００１９】（比較例１）さらに、実施例１と比較を行
うべく、空気極材である粒径約０．５μｍのＬａＭｎＯ
3 粉末に、ポリビニルブチラール系の結合剤とエタノー
ルとトルエンとを混合した溶剤を加えて、空気極ペース
トとした。これをＹＳＺ基板に塗布して１２００℃で焼
き付け、この基板の反対側の面には燃料極として、実施
例１と同様に多孔質性のＰｔペーストを塗布して１００
０℃で焼き付け、発電部となる三層膜を得た。(Comparative Example 1) Further, for comparison with Example 1, LaMnO having a particle size of about 0.5 μm, which is an air electrode material, is used.
A solvent obtained by mixing a polyvinyl butyral binder with ethanol and toluene was added to the 3 powders to prepare an air electrode paste. This was applied to a YSZ substrate and baked at 1200 ° C., and a porous Pt paste was applied to the opposite surface of this substrate as a fuel electrode in the same manner as in Example 1 and 100
Baking was performed at 0 ° C. to obtain a three-layer film to be a power generation part.
【００２０】図２は、実施例１と比較例１を水銀ポロシ
メータで測定して、空気極の気孔率（空気極の体積に対
して気孔体積の占める割合）が３０％であるものの気孔
径分布を示している。なお、３０％の気孔率は多孔質体
の最良特性を示す状態として知られているものである。
横軸に気孔径、縦軸に任意の気孔体積を採り、分布状況
を見たが、比較例１は気孔径分布が広くばらついている
のに対して、実施例１によれば、気孔径が５μｍ以下で
あり、その分布がより狭い気孔径の範囲に集中し、均一
度が高い多孔質構造になっていることがわかる。FIG. 2 shows the pore size distribution of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 measured by a mercury porosimeter, in which the porosity of the air electrode (the ratio of the pore volume to the volume of the air electrode) is 30%. Is shown. The porosity of 30% is known as the state showing the best characteristics of the porous body.
The pore diameter was plotted on the horizontal axis and the arbitrary pore volume was plotted on the vertical axis, and the distribution was examined. In Comparative Example 1, the pore diameter distribution was widely varied, whereas according to Example 1, the pore diameter was It can be seen that the distribution is 5 μm or less, the distribution is concentrated in a narrower range of pore diameter, and the porous structure has high uniformity.
【００２１】図３は、実施例１と比較例１について、各
試料の電流密度と端子電圧を測定した装置の回路図であ
る。燃料極１と空気極３が固体電解質膜２を挟んで発電
部４を構成し、前記各極から燃料電池の運転温度に耐え
るＰｔ線８を引き出して、電圧計９及び可変抵抗器１０
を接続した電流計１１に、それぞれ接続した。Ｐｔ線８
と発電部４の各極が接続されている箇所は、運転温度で
耐熱気密性に優れたアルミナ管１２で覆っている。FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an apparatus for measuring the current density and the terminal voltage of each sample in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The fuel electrode 1 and the air electrode 3 constitute the power generation unit 4 with the solid electrolyte membrane 2 sandwiched therebetween, and the Pt wire 8 that withstands the operating temperature of the fuel cell is drawn out from each electrode, and the voltmeter 9 and the variable resistor 10 are connected.
Were connected to the ammeters 11 connected to. Pt wire 8
The area where the respective electrodes of the power generation section 4 are connected to each other is covered with an alumina tube 12 which is excellent in heat resistance and airtightness at the operating temperature.
【００２２】次に図４は、これらの実施例１と比較例１
について１０００℃で発電を行い、図３に示す測定装置
を用いて電流密度と端子電圧を測定、比較したものであ
る。この比較から、本発明により空気極の電流・電圧特
性が改善されたことがわかる。Next, FIG. 4 shows these Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
Is generated at 1000 ° C., and the current density and the terminal voltage are measured and compared using the measuring device shown in FIG. From this comparison, it can be seen that the present invention improved the current / voltage characteristics of the air electrode.
【００２３】（実施例２）次に、本発明を平板型の固体
電解質型燃料電池の燃料極に実施した。Example 2 Next, the present invention was applied to the fuel electrode of a flat plate type solid oxide fuel cell.
【００２４】燃料極材である粒径約０．５μｍのＮｉＯ
（酸化ニッケル）粉末及び粒径約０．５μｍのＹＳＺ
（イットリア安定化ジルコニア）粉末に、ポリビニルブ
チラール系の結合剤とエタノールとトルエンとを混合し
た溶剤、及び気孔を作るための有機高分子で、分級によ
り粒径を約１μｍに揃えた球状セルロース粉末を加え
て、燃料極ペーストとした。NiO having a particle size of about 0.5 μm, which is a fuel electrode material
(Nickel oxide) powder and YSZ with a particle size of about 0.5 μm
(Yttria-stabilized zirconia) powder, polyvinyl butyral-based binder, ethanol and toluene mixed solvent, and an organic polymer for creating pores, spherical cellulose powder with a particle size of about 1 μm is prepared by classification. In addition, a fuel electrode paste was used.
【００２５】これを固体電解質膜であるＹＳＺ基板の一
方の面に塗布して、１４００℃で焼き付けた。そして、
この基板の反対側の面には、多孔質性のＰｔペーストを
塗布し、１０００℃で焼き付けて空気極とし、発電部と
なる三層膜を得た。This was coated on one surface of a YSZ substrate which was a solid electrolyte membrane, and baked at 1400 ° C. And
A porous Pt paste was applied to the surface on the opposite side of this substrate and baked at 1000 ° C. to form an air electrode, and a three-layer film to be a power generation part was obtained.
【００２６】（比較例２）さらに、実施例２との比較を
行うべく、燃料極材である粒径約０．５μｍのＮｉＯ粉
末及び粒径約０．５μｍのＹＳＺ粉末に、ポリビニルブ
チラール系の結合剤とエタノールとトルエンとを混合し
た溶剤を加えて、燃料極ペーストとした。これをＹＳＺ
基板に塗布して１４００℃で焼き付け、この基板の反対
側の面には空気極として、実施例品と同様に多孔質性の
Ｐｔペーストを塗布して１０００℃で焼き付け、発電部
となる三層膜を得た。(Comparative Example 2) Further, in order to make a comparison with Example 2, a NiO powder having a particle diameter of about 0.5 μm and a YSZ powder having a particle diameter of about 0.5 μm, which are fuel electrode materials, were made of polyvinyl butyral type. A binder, a solvent in which ethanol and toluene were mixed was added to prepare a fuel electrode paste. This is YSZ
Three layers to be a power generation part are applied on a substrate and baked at 1400 ° C., and on the opposite side of this substrate, an air electrode is applied, and a porous Pt paste is applied as in the example product and baked at 1000 ° C. A film was obtained.
【００２７】図５は、実施例２と比較例２を水銀ポロシ
メータで測定して、燃料極の気孔率（燃料極の体積に対
して気孔体積の占める割合）が３０％であるものの気孔
径分布を示している。横軸に気孔径、縦軸に任意の気孔
体積を採り、分布状況を見たが、比較例２は分布が広く
ばらついているのに対して、実施例２によれば、気孔径
が５μｍ以下であり、その分布がより狭い気孔径の範囲
に集中し、均一度が高い多孔質構造になっていることが
わかる。FIG. 5 shows the pore size distribution of the fuel cell of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 measured by a mercury porosimeter, in which the porosity of the fuel electrode (the ratio of the pore volume to the volume of the fuel electrode) is 30%. Is shown. The distribution condition was observed by taking the pore diameter on the horizontal axis and the arbitrary pore volume on the vertical axis, and the distribution is widely dispersed in Comparative Example 2, whereas according to Example 2, the pore diameter is 5 μm or less. It can be seen that the distribution is concentrated in a narrower range of pore diameters, and has a highly uniform porous structure.
【００２８】図６は、これらの実施例２と比較例２につ
いて１０００℃で発電を行い、図３に示す測定装置を用
いて電流密度と端子電圧を測定、比較したものである。
この比較から、本発明により燃料極の電流・電圧特性が
改善されたことがわかる。FIG. 6 shows a comparison between Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 in which electric power was generated at 1000 ° C. and the current density and the terminal voltage were measured by using the measuring device shown in FIG.
From this comparison, it is understood that the present invention improved the current / voltage characteristics of the fuel electrode.
【００２９】（実施例３）次に、本発明を平板型の固体
電解質型燃料電池の発電部（三層膜）の空気極とインタ
ーコネクタの接合部に実施した。(Embodiment 3) Next, the present invention was carried out at the joint between the air electrode and the interconnector of the power generation section (three-layer membrane) of the flat plate type solid oxide fuel cell.
【００３０】接合部材である粒径約０．５μｍのＬａＣ
ｏＯ3 （ランタンコバルタイト）粉末に、ポリビニルブ
チラール系の結合剤とエタノールとトルエンとを混合し
た溶剤、及び気孔を作るための有機高分子で、分級によ
り粒径を約１μｍに揃えた球状セルロース粉末を加え
て、接合部用ペーストとした。LaC having a particle size of about 0.5 μm, which is a joining member
Spherical cellulose powder with a particle size of about 1 μm that is classified by classification with an oO 3 (lanthanum cobaltite) powder mixed with a polyvinyl butyral-based binder, ethanol and toluene, and an organic polymer for forming pores. Was added to obtain a joint portion paste.
【００３１】これを発電部（三層膜）の空気極面に塗布
して、インターコネクタをのせて接着し、１２００℃で
焼き付けた。This was applied to the air electrode surface of the power generation section (three-layer film), and an interconnector was placed thereon and adhered, followed by baking at 1200 ° C.
【００３２】（比較例３）さらに、実施例３との比較を
行うべく、接合部材である粒径約０．５μｍのＬａＣｏ
Ｏ3 粉末に、ポリビニルブチラール系の結合剤とエタノ
ールとトルエンとを混合した溶剤を加えて、接合部用ペ
ーストとした。これを実施例３と同様に発電部（三層
膜）の空気極面に塗布し、インターコネクタをのせて接
着し、１２００℃で焼き付けた。Comparative Example 3 Further, in order to make a comparison with Example 3, LaCo having a particle diameter of about 0.5 μm which is a joining member.
A solvent obtained by mixing a polyvinyl butyral-based binder, ethanol, and toluene was added to the O 3 powder to prepare a paste for a joint. This was applied to the air electrode surface of the power generation section (three-layer film) in the same manner as in Example 3, and an interconnector was placed thereon and adhered, followed by baking at 1200 ° C.
【００３３】図７は、実施例３と比較例３を水銀ポロシ
メータで測定して、接合部の気孔率（接合部の体積に対
して気孔体積の占める割合）が３０％であるものの気孔
径分布を示している。横軸に気孔径、縦軸に任意の気孔
体積を採り、分布状況を見たが、比較例３は分布が広く
ばらついているのに対して、実施例３によれば、気孔径
が５μｍ以下であり、その分布がより狭い気孔径の範囲
に集中し、均一度が高い多孔質構造になっていることが
わかる。FIG. 7 shows the porosity distribution of the joint 3 having a porosity of 30% (measured by the porosity of the joint to the volume of the joint) measured by a mercury porosimeter. Is shown. The distribution was examined by taking the pore diameter on the horizontal axis and the arbitrary pore volume on the vertical axis. The distribution of Comparative Example 3 varies widely, whereas according to Example 3, the pore diameter is 5 μm or less. It can be seen that the distribution is concentrated in a narrower range of pore diameters, and has a highly uniform porous structure.
【００３４】これらの実施例３と比較例３について１０
００℃で発電を行い、発電部（三層膜）の燃料極側は水
素雰囲気、空気極側は空気雰囲気にして、空気極とイン
ターコネクタ間の抵抗を測定した。その結果を表１に示
す。About these Example 3 and Comparative Example 3, 10
Power generation was performed at 00 ° C., and the fuel electrode side of the power generation section (three-layer film) was in a hydrogen atmosphere and the air electrode side was in an air atmosphere, and the resistance between the air electrode and the interconnector was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００３５】[0035]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００３６】この比較から、本発明により空気極とイン
タ−コネクタの接合部の抵抗値が従来より減少し、電気
伝導特性が改善されたことがわかる。From this comparison, it can be seen that the present invention reduced the resistance value of the joint portion between the air electrode and the interconnector from the conventional value and improved the electric conduction characteristics.
【００３７】（実施例４）次に、本発明を平板型の固体
電解質型燃料電池の発電部（三層膜）の燃料極とインタ
ーコネクタの接合部に実施した。(Example 4) Next, the present invention was carried out at the joint between the fuel electrode and the interconnector of the power generation section (three-layer membrane) of the flat plate type solid oxide fuel cell.
【００３８】接合部材である粒径約０．５μｍのＮｉＯ
粉末に、ポリビニルブチラール系の結合剤とエタノール
とトルエンとを混合した溶剤、及び気孔を作るための有
機高分子で、分級により粒径を約１μｍに揃えた球状セ
ルロース粉末を加えて、接合部用ペーストとした。NiO having a particle size of about 0.5 μm as a joining member
For the joint part, add to the powder a polyvinyl butyral-based binder, a solvent that mixes ethanol and toluene, and a spherical cellulose powder that is an organic polymer for creating pores and has a particle size of approximately 1 μm that is classified by classification. It was a paste.
【００３９】これを発電部（三層膜）の燃料極面に塗布
して、インターコネクタをのせて接着し、１２００℃で
焼き付けた。This was applied to the fuel electrode surface of the power generation section (three-layer film), and an interconnector was placed thereon and adhered, followed by baking at 1200 ° C.
【００４０】（比較例４）さらに、実施例４との比較を
行うべく、接合部材である粒径約０．５μｍのＮｉＯ粉
末に、ポリビニルブチラール系の結合剤とエタノールと
トルエンとを混合した溶剤を加えて、接合部用ペースト
とした。これを実施例４と同様に発電部（三層膜）の燃
料極面に塗布し、インターコネクタをのせて接着し、１
２００℃で焼き付けた。(Comparative Example 4) Further, in order to make a comparison with Example 4, a solvent in which a polyvinyl butyral type binder, ethanol and toluene are mixed with NiO powder having a particle size of about 0.5 μm which is a joining member. Was added to obtain a joint portion paste. In the same manner as in Example 4, this was applied to the fuel electrode surface of the power generation section (three-layer film), and the interconnector was put on and bonded to
It was baked at 200 ° C.
【００４１】図８は、実施例４と比較例４を水銀ポロシ
メータで測定して、接合部の気孔率が３０％であるもの
の気孔径分布を示している。横軸に気孔径、縦軸に任意
の気孔体積を採り、分布状況を見たが、比較例４は分布
が広くばらついているのに対して、実施例４によれば、
気孔径が５μｍ以下であり、その分布がより狭い気孔径
の範囲（分布の上限は実施例１〜４の中では最も値の大
きい５μｍである）に集中し、均一度が高い多孔質構造
になっていることがわかる。FIG. 8 shows the pore size distributions of Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 measured with a mercury porosimeter, even though the porosity of the joint is 30%. The pore diameter was plotted on the horizontal axis and the arbitrary pore volume was plotted on the vertical axis, and the distribution was observed. Comparative Example 4 shows a wide variation in distribution, whereas Example 4 shows that
The pore diameter is 5 μm or less, and the distribution is concentrated in a narrow pore diameter range (the upper limit of the distribution is 5 μm, which has the largest value in Examples 1 to 4), and a highly uniform porous structure is formed. You can see that it has become.
【００４２】これらの実施例４と比較例４について１０
００℃で発電を行い、発電部（三層膜）の燃料極側は水
素雰囲気、空気極側は空気雰囲気にして、燃料極とイン
ターコネクタ間の抵抗を測定した。その結果を表２に示
す。About Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 10
Power generation was performed at 00 ° C., and the fuel electrode side of the power generation unit (three-layer film) was set to a hydrogen atmosphere and the air electrode side was set to an air atmosphere, and the resistance between the fuel electrode and the interconnector was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
【００４３】[0043]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００４４】この比較から、本発明により燃料極とイン
ターコネクタの接合部の抵抗値が従来より減少し、接合
部の電気伝導特性が改善されたことがわかる。From this comparison, it can be seen that according to the present invention, the resistance value of the joint portion between the fuel electrode and the interconnector is reduced as compared with the conventional one, and the electric conduction characteristic of the joint portion is improved.
【００４５】[0045]
【発明の効果】本発明のように、固体電解質型燃料電池
の燃料極、空気極及び前記各極とインターコネクタの接
合部の気孔径を５μｍ以下にして、気孔径のばらつきを
従来より抑え、均一度が高い多孔質構造としたため、局
所的な気孔率のばらつきを小さくすることができる。こ
のため、同じ量の歪みが発生しても、多孔質体の局所で
発生する応力のばらつきを抑えられるようになり、部分
的な破壊の減少で燃料極や空気極では分極が小さくな
る。また同様に、各極とインターコネクタの接合部では
電気伝導がよくなるなど、発電部に係る多孔質体構造を
改善することにより、固体電解質型燃料電池の性能が向
上するという効果を奏するものであるEFFECT OF THE INVENTION As in the present invention, the pore diameter of the fuel electrode, the air electrode of the solid oxide fuel cell and the joint portion between each electrode and the interconnector is set to 5 μm or less to suppress the variation of the pore diameter as compared with the prior art. Since the porous structure has a high degree of uniformity, local variations in porosity can be reduced. Therefore, even if the same amount of strain is generated, it is possible to suppress the variation in the stress locally generated in the porous body, and the polarization is reduced in the fuel electrode and the air electrode due to the reduction of partial destruction. Further, similarly, by improving the porous body structure related to the power generation part, such as good electrical conduction at the joint between each electrode and the interconnector, it is possible to improve the performance of the solid oxide fuel cell.
【図１】固体電解質型燃料電池の基本構造を示す分解斜
視図。FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a basic structure of a solid oxide fuel cell.
【図２】本発明の実施例１及び比較例１の各試料の空気
極の気孔径分布図。FIG. 2 is a pore diameter distribution diagram of the air electrode of each sample of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の実施例１及び２の電流密度と端子電圧
の測定装置の回路図。FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an apparatus for measuring current density and terminal voltage according to Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の実施例１及び比較例１の電流密度と端
子電圧の特性図。FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram of current density and terminal voltage of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の実施例２及び比較例２の各試料の燃料
極の気孔径分布図。FIG. 5 is a pore size distribution diagram of the fuel electrode of each sample of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention.
【図６】本発明の実施例２及び比較例２の電流密度と端
子電圧の特性図。FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram of current density and terminal voltage of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention.
【図７】本発明の実施例３及び比較例３の空気極とイン
ターコネクタの接合部の気孔径分布図。FIG. 7 is a pore diameter distribution diagram of the joint portion between the air electrode and the interconnector of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 of the present invention.
【図８】本発明の実施例４及び比較例４の燃料極とイン
ターコネクタの接合部の気孔径分布図。FIG. 8 is a pore diameter distribution diagram of the joint portion between the fuel electrode and the interconnector of Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 of the present invention.
１ 燃料極 ２ 固体電解質膜 ３ 空気極 ４ 発電部 ５ インターコネクタ ６ａ 発電部の各極とインターコネクタの接合部 1 Fuel Electrode 2 Solid Electrolyte Membrane 3 Air Electrode 4 Power Generation Section 5 Interconnector 6a Joint between Each Electrode of Power Generation Section and Interconnector
Claims (2)
る発電部の前記各極が５μｍ以下の気孔径を有し、か
つ、前記気孔径の均一度が高い多孔質構造を有すること
を特徴とする固体電解質型燃料電池。1. A porous structure having a pore diameter of 5 μm or less in each of the electrodes of a power generation section including a fuel electrode, a solid electrolyte membrane, and an air electrode, and having a highly uniform pore diameter. Solid oxide fuel cell.
る発電部の前記各極とインターコネクタの接合部が５μ
ｍ以下の気孔径を有し、かつ、前記気孔径の均一度が高
い多孔質構造を有することを特徴とする固体電解質型燃
料電池。2. The connecting portion between each electrode and the interconnector of the power generating portion including the fuel electrode, the solid electrolyte membrane and the air electrode is 5 μm.
A solid oxide fuel cell having a pore size of m or less and a porous structure having a high uniformity of the pore size.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP04401094A JP3548772B2 (en) | 1994-03-15 | 1994-03-15 | Solid oxide fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP04401094A JP3548772B2 (en) | 1994-03-15 | 1994-03-15 | Solid oxide fuel cell |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07254417A true JPH07254417A (en) | 1995-10-03 |
| JP3548772B2 JP3548772B2 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
Family
ID=12679727
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP04401094A Expired - Lifetime JP3548772B2 (en) | 1994-03-15 | 1994-03-15 | Solid oxide fuel cell |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
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