JPH07244318A - Image acquiring device - Google Patents
Image acquiring deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07244318A JPH07244318A JP6035986A JP3598694A JPH07244318A JP H07244318 A JPH07244318 A JP H07244318A JP 6035986 A JP6035986 A JP 6035986A JP 3598694 A JP3598694 A JP 3598694A JP H07244318 A JPH07244318 A JP H07244318A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- image pickup
- sunlight
- light
- light source
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、画像取得装置、とりわ
け画像取得対象物の表面の照度が極端に異なる２つの環
境下で使用する画像取得装置に関する。今日地球の廻り
を周回する人工衛星を利用した種々のシステムが運用さ
れており又新たに計画されており、人工衛星上での画像
取得装置に対する性能向上の要求が増している。特に、
人工衛星が太陽光に照らされている日照時と照らされて
いない日陰時とにおいて、画像取得対象物の表面の照度
が極端に異なるため、一定の明るさの画像を取得する画
像取得装置が要求されている。このため、画像取得対象
物の表面照度の差を等価的に減縮する必要がある。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image acquisition device, and more particularly to an image acquisition device used in two environments in which the illuminance of the surface of an image acquisition object is extremely different. Today, various systems using artificial satellites orbiting the earth are in operation and are newly planned, and there is an increasing demand for improving the performance of image acquisition devices on artificial satellites. In particular,
Since the illuminance on the surface of the image acquisition target is extremely different between when the artificial satellite is illuminated by sunlight and when it is not illuminated, an image acquisition device that acquires an image of constant brightness is required. Has been done. Therefore, it is necessary to equivalently reduce the difference in surface illuminance of the image acquisition target.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、一般の画像取得装置において、太
陽光をはじめとする外部光の照度環境の変化に対応し
て、一定の明るさの画像を取得するために、光透過率の
異なるフィルタを複数用意しそれらを適宜交換する方
法、あるいは、絞り（アイリスとも言う。）の開口度を
変えることにより光の透過量を調整する方法、あるい
は、シャッタ速度を機械的もしくは電子的に制御するこ
とによって、露光量を調整する方法などが採られてい
た。図６は、従来例で、補助光源として電球を使用した
ものである。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a general image acquisition apparatus, filters having different light transmittances are used in order to acquire an image having a constant brightness in response to a change in illuminance environment of external light such as sunlight. A method of adjusting the amount of light transmission by changing the aperture of the diaphragm (also called iris), or a method of mechanically or electronically controlling the shutter speed. , A method of adjusting the exposure amount has been adopted. FIG. 6 shows a conventional example using a light bulb as an auxiliary light source.
【０００３】しかし、衛星搭載機器の場合、重量、スペ
ース、電力等のいわゆるリソースが厳しく制限され、ま
た、宇宙空間という高真空かつ温度差の大きい環境下
で、上記のフィルタ交換機構や絞りの調節機構を信頼度
高く機能させることは非常に困難である。さらに、日照
時には太陽光の直射による照度は１０万ルクス以上に達
するのに対して、日陰時には照明手段が必要となるが、
すでに述べたリソースの制約等のため、その照明手段に
よって得られる照度は、１０〜１００ルクス程度が限界
で、日照時と日陰時の照度差が１０００〜１００００倍
にもなる。However, in the case of satellite-equipped equipment, so-called resources such as weight, space, and electric power are severely limited, and the filter exchange mechanism and diaphragm adjustment described above are performed in an environment of high vacuum and large temperature difference such as outer space. It is very difficult to make the mechanism function reliably. Furthermore, the illuminance due to direct sunlight reaches 100,000 lux or more during sunshine, whereas lighting means is required during shade.
Due to the above-mentioned resource limitation and the like, the illuminance obtained by the illuminating means is limited to about 10 to 100 lux, and the illuminance difference between sunshine and shade is 1000 to 10000 times.
【０００４】これに対して、一般に、電子シャッタの制
御範囲が1/60〜1/10000 秒で、調整幅が 200倍程度と、
本発明が扱う対象にとっては、比較的小さい。On the other hand, generally, the control range of the electronic shutter is 1/60 to 1/10000 seconds, and the adjustment range is about 200 times,
It is relatively small for the subject of the present invention.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】このため、電子的な制
御によるシャッタ速度の調整のみでは、日照時と日陰時
の照度差に対応しきれず、一定の明るさの画像を取得す
ることができないと言う欠点があった。Therefore, if the shutter speed is only electronically adjusted, the difference in illuminance between the sunshine and the shade cannot be dealt with, and an image with a constant brightness cannot be obtained. There was a drawback to say.
【０００６】本発明は、主として衛星搭載機器におい
て、フィルタの交換や絞りの調整といった機械的な動作
を伴わずに、日照時と日陰時の１００００倍にも及ぶ照
度差に対応して、同一の明るさの画像を取得する装置を
構成することを目的とする。The present invention is mainly applied to satellite-equipped equipment in response to an illuminance difference of up to 10000 times in the sunshine and in the shade without mechanical operations such as filter replacement and diaphragm adjustment. The object is to configure a device for acquiring a brightness image.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】図１は、本発明の原理説
明図である。図中、１は発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ）又は
レーザーダイオード（ＬＤ）を内蔵して単色性の高い光
を発する照明手段で、日陰時の照明光を提供するもの、
２は撮像手段で、撮像対象物の映像を電気信号（映像信
号とも言う。）に変換するもの、３は光学フィルタで、
所定の波長の光を選択して通過させるもの、４は衛星搭
載機器等の有体物で、撮像対象となるものである。FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes an illumination means that emits highly monochromatic light by incorporating a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser diode (LD), and provides illumination light in the shade.
Reference numeral 2 is an image pickup means, which converts an image of an image pickup object into an electric signal (also referred to as a video signal), and 3 is an optical filter,
A light source having a predetermined wavelength is selected and passed through. Reference numeral 4 is a tangible object such as a satellite-mounted device, which is an object to be imaged.
【０００８】[0008]
【作用】本発明に関わる画像取得装置は、第一に、照明
手段として、単色性の高い光源を用いること、第二に、
その光源波長に対応した通過帯域を有する極めて急峻な
特性を持つフィルタを撮像手段の前面に配置することに
より、以下に説明する作用に基づき特有の効果が得られ
る。即ち、照明手段については、従来の衛星搭載機器に
使用されているハロゲンランプやキセノンランプといっ
た、いわゆる電球が、太陽光と同様、そのフィラメント
温度に対応した広い発光スペクトルを持つのに対し、例
えば、発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ）やレーザダイオード
（半導体レーザ）は単色性が高く、図４に示すように極
めて狭い発光スペクトルを有し、発光エネルギーが特定
の波長帯域に集中している。In the image acquisition device according to the present invention, first, a light source having high monochromaticity is used as the illumination means, and secondly,
By disposing a filter having an extremely steep characteristic having a pass band corresponding to the light source wavelength on the front surface of the image pickup means, a specific effect can be obtained based on the operation described below. That is, as for the illuminating means, so-called light bulbs such as halogen lamps and xenon lamps used in conventional satellite-mounted devices have a wide emission spectrum corresponding to the filament temperature, like sunlight, whereas, for example, Light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (semiconductor lasers) have high monochromaticity, have an extremely narrow emission spectrum as shown in FIG. 4, and the emission energy is concentrated in a specific wavelength band.
【０００９】一方、フィルタについては、例えば、干渉
型フィルタはガラス表面に蒸着させる蒸着膜の膜厚制御
により、特定の波長帯のみを通過させるバンドパスフィ
ルタを構成することが可能であり、しかも、図５に示す
ようにその遮断特性を非常に急峻に設定することができ
る。このフィルタの通過域を照明手段の光源波長に一致
させることにより、照明手段からの光の総合透過率を、
例えば７０％程度に高く確保しつつ、図４に示すような
広いスペクトル分布を持つ太陽光の透過率を例えば１％
程度以下に制限することができる。この結果、日照時の
太陽光に対する撮像手段面での相対照度は、例えば、 １０００００×１％＝１０００（ルクス） となる。一方、日陰時の照明手段に対する相対照度は、
光源の明るさを仮に１００ルクス相当とすれば、 １００×７０％＝７０（ルクス） となり、日照時、日陰時の照度比を１５以下に低減する
ことが可能となるため、前述の電子シャッタとの併用に
より、取得画像の明るさをほぼ等しくすることが可能と
なる。On the other hand, as for the filter, for example, the interference type filter can be configured as a bandpass filter that allows only a specific wavelength band to pass by controlling the film thickness of the vapor deposition film deposited on the glass surface. As shown in FIG. 5, the cutoff characteristic can be set very sharply. By matching the pass band of this filter with the light source wavelength of the illumination means, the total transmittance of the light from the illumination means
For example, while maintaining a high value of about 70%, the transmittance of sunlight having a wide spectrum distribution as shown in FIG. 4 is, for example, 1%.
It can be limited to a degree or less. As a result, the relative illuminance on the surface of the imaging means with respect to the sunlight during sunshine is, for example, 100000 × 1% = 1000 (lux). On the other hand, the relative illuminance to the lighting means in the shade is
Assuming that the brightness of the light source is equivalent to 100 lux, 100 × 70% = 70 (lux), which makes it possible to reduce the illuminance ratio during sunshine and shade to 15 or less. The combined use of and makes it possible to make the brightness of the acquired image substantially equal.
【００１０】[0010]
【実施例】図２は本発明の第１の実施例構成図を示す。
図中、１は６６０ｎｍの単色スペクトルを持つレーザダ
イオードによる照明手段、２はＣＣＤ撮像素子を有する
撮像手段、３は撮像手段前面に設置された、６６０ｎｍ
の波長を通過域とする、帯域幅１０ｎｍの干渉型光学フ
ィルタ、４は衛星搭載機器等の有体物で、撮像対象とな
るもの、５は制御手段で、撮像手段が最適な画像信号を
出力することができるように関連する手段を調整するも
のである。FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is an illuminating means by a laser diode having a monochromatic spectrum of 660 nm, 2 is an image pickup means having a CCD image pickup device, and 3 is 660 nm installed in front of the image pickup means.
The interference type optical filter having a bandwidth of 10 nm and a bandwidth of 10 nm, 4 is a tangible object such as a device mounted on a satellite and is an object to be imaged, 5 is a control means, and the image pickup means outputs an optimum image signal. It adjusts the related means so that
【００１１】日照時、太陽光が入射する場合には、照明
手段２の光源はＯＦＦ状態にあり、太陽光の対象物体４
からの反射光が撮像手段２に入射されるが、太陽光の広
いスペクトルの大部分は、干渉フィルタ３によって阻止
され、波長６６０ｎｍを中心とする、およそ０．１％ほ
どの成分のみが撮像手段に入光する。次に、日陰時、即
ち衛星が地球の裏側に廻り太陽光が入射しないときに
は、照明手段２の光源はＯＮ状態となり、照明光源の対
象物体４からの反射光が撮像手段２に入射される。この
入射光は、照明光源の特性から、波長６６０ｎｍ中心に
その光エネルギーの大部分があり、例えば、そのおよそ
７０％は干渉フィルタ３を通過して撮像手段に入光す
る。During sunlight, when sunlight is incident, the light source of the illumination means 2 is in the OFF state, and the object 4 of sunlight is
Although the reflected light from B is incident on the image pickup unit 2, most of the broad spectrum of sunlight is blocked by the interference filter 3, and only about 0.1% of the component centered at the wavelength of 660 nm is captured by the image pickup unit. Enter into. Next, in the shade, that is, when the satellite goes around the back side of the earth and sunlight does not enter, the light source of the illumination means 2 is turned on, and the reflected light from the target object 4 of the illumination light source enters the imaging means 2. Due to the characteristics of the illumination light source, most of this incident light has its light energy at the center of a wavelength of 660 nm, and, for example, about 70% thereof passes through the interference filter 3 and enters the imaging means.
【００１２】本発明の第２の実施例構成図を図３に示
す。図中、１Ａ、１Ｂは共に単色スペクトルを持つレー
ザダイオードによる照明手段で、１Ｂの発光中心波長が
１Ａの発光中心波長と一致しないがその発光波長帯域に
重複があるものである。その他については、第１の実施
例構成図の場合と同じである。第１の実施例構成図の場
合に比較してフィルタの帯域幅を若干広くできるので、
フィルタの通過損失を第１の実施構成図の場合に比較し
て低減することができるほか、照明光源の信頼度を上昇
させることができる。又、照明方向を複数方向に分ける
ことが出来、物体の形状の観察が容易になる場合があ
る。A block diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. In the figure, 1A and 1B are illumination means by laser diodes each having a monochromatic spectrum, and the emission center wavelength of 1B does not match the emission center wavelength of 1A, but their emission wavelength bands overlap. Others are the same as those in the configuration diagram of the first embodiment. Since the bandwidth of the filter can be slightly widened as compared with the case of the configuration diagram of the first embodiment,
The passage loss of the filter can be reduced as compared with the case of the first embodiment configuration diagram, and the reliability of the illumination light source can be increased. Further, the illumination direction can be divided into a plurality of directions, which may facilitate observation of the shape of the object.
【００１３】上述の実施例ではフィルタとして多層膜を
使用した干渉フィルタを用いる例を説明したが、回折格
子を用いて同様の効果を期待することもできる。また、
色硝子を用いてより簡易な装置を提供することも可能で
ある。また、照明光源は日陰時に使用するものとして説
明したが、日照時にも使用して物体形状の判断の容易か
を図ることもできる。In the above-mentioned embodiment, an example in which an interference filter using a multilayer film is used as a filter has been described, but the same effect can be expected by using a diffraction grating. Also,
It is also possible to provide a simpler device using colored glass. Further, although the illumination light source has been described as being used in the shade, it can be used also in the sunlight to determine whether the shape of the object can be easily determined.
【００１４】上記のように、本発明によれば、フィルタ
の交換や絞りの調整といった、機械的な運動をともなう
調整機構によらず、日照時、日陰時の照度比の差を縮小
できるので、電子シャッタによる露光時間の調整の併用
により、等価光エネルギを一致させることができるよう
になる。As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the difference in the illuminance ratio during sunshine and in the shade regardless of the adjusting mechanism involving mechanical movement such as filter replacement and diaphragm adjustment. By using the electronic shutter together with the adjustment of the exposure time, it becomes possible to match the equivalent light energies.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の効果】以上説明した様に、本発明によれば、日
照時の人工衛星と日陰時の人工衛星のごとく、外部照明
の明るさ（照度）が極端に異なる２つの環境下で、フィ
ルタの交換や絞りの調整といった機械的動作を伴う調整
を行うことなく、一定の明るさの画像を得ることができ
る。As described above, according to the present invention, a filter is used under two environments in which the brightness (illuminance) of external illumination is extremely different, such as an artificial satellite during sunshine and an artificial satellite during shade. It is possible to obtain an image with a constant brightness without performing adjustments involving mechanical operations such as replacement of the lens and adjustment of the diaphragm.
【００１６】その他に撮像素子への入力光を減少させる
ため素子の保護にも有効である。In addition, it is effective for protecting the device because it reduces the input light to the image pickup device.
【図１】本発明の原理説明図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の第１の実施例構成図である。FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の第２の実施例構成図である。FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】太陽光とＬＥＤの発光スペクトル例である。FIG. 4 is an example of an emission spectrum of sunlight and an LED.
【図５】干渉フィルタの通過特性例である。FIG. 5 is an example of a pass characteristic of an interference filter.
【図６】従来の構成例である。FIG. 6 is a conventional configuration example.
１、１Ａ、１Ｂ 照明手段 ２ 撮像手段 ３ 光学フィルタ ４ 撮像対象 ５ 制御手段 1, 1A, 1B Illuminating means 2 Imaging means 3 Optical filter 4 Imaging target 5 Control means
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ｇ０３Ｂ 15/02 Ｆ Ｈ０４Ｎ 5/225 Ｚ ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification number Office reference number FI technical display location G03B 15/02 F H04N 5/225 Z
Claims (3)
装置において、 該照明手段（１）の発する照明光は単色性の高い光スペ
クトルを有するとともに、撮像手段（２）は該照明光に
含まれる光スペクトルを選択的に通過させる特性を有す
るフィルタ（３）を撮像手段（２）の前面に配置したこ
とを特徴とする画像取得装置。1. An image acquisition device having illumination means and imaging means, wherein the illumination light emitted by the illumination means (1) has a light spectrum with high monochromaticity, and the imaging means (2) is included in the illumination light. An image acquisition device characterized in that a filter (3) having a characteristic of selectively passing an optical spectrum to be transmitted is arranged in front of the image pickup means (2).
オードを使用し、フィルタとして干渉型フィルタを使用
したことを特徴とする画像取得装置。2. The image acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein a light emitting diode or a laser diode is used as a light source of the illumination means, and an interference type filter is used as a filter.
ードまたはレーザダイを用いることを特徴とする画像取
得装置。3. The image acquisition device according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of light emitting diodes or laser dies each having a different central wavelength of light emission wavelength are used.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6035986A JPH07244318A (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1994-03-07 | Image acquiring device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6035986A JPH07244318A (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1994-03-07 | Image acquiring device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07244318A true JPH07244318A (en) | 1995-09-19 |
Family
ID=12457193
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6035986A Pending JPH07244318A (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1994-03-07 | Image acquiring device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07244318A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6285787B1 (en) | 1996-10-31 | 2001-09-04 | Omron Corporation | Image pickup and processing device and method thereof |
| CN102221450A (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2011-10-19 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Tracking-pointing deviation measurement device for laser system |
| CN106371270A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-02-01 | 周末 | Satellite photographic equipment part |
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| JPS60256443A (en) * | 1984-05-31 | 1985-12-18 | オムロン株式会社 | Image measuring apparatus |
| JPS62171291A (en) * | 1986-01-23 | 1987-07-28 | Seiko Epson Corp | Television camera device |
| JPH01184426A (en) * | 1988-01-18 | 1989-07-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | Dimmer |
| JPH0388481A (en) * | 1989-08-30 | 1991-04-12 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | Halation prevention ccd camera equipment |
| JPH0542097A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-02-23 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Endoscope for three-dimensional measurement |
| JPH0611056U (en) * | 1992-07-10 | 1994-02-10 | 株式会社サトー | Lighting device for barcode reading |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6285787B1 (en) | 1996-10-31 | 2001-09-04 | Omron Corporation | Image pickup and processing device and method thereof |
| CN102221450A (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2011-10-19 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Tracking-pointing deviation measurement device for laser system |
| CN106371270A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-02-01 | 周末 | Satellite photographic equipment part |
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