JPH07218191A - Protective clothing - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve a wearing sense due to suitable flexibility and simultaneously impart suitable heat insulation effect by specifying single fiber strength, tensile elasticity and fracture elongation of two clothes having a specific ratio. CONSTITUTION:A ratio of cloth A having 30& or more of fracture elongation and fonned of ultra-high strength high elastic fiber having 18g/d or more of single fiber strength, 500g/d or more of tensile elasticity is set to 20 to less than 90wt.%. Further, a ratio of cloth B having 30% or more of fracture elongation and formed of ultra-high strength high elastic fiber having 18g/d or more of single fiber strength and 500g/d or more of tensile elasticity is set to 10 to 80wt.%. In addition, with respect to disposition of the cloth B, a ratio of the cloth B disposed on a rear surface of a protective clothing is 50wt.% or more of the entire weight of the cloth B. With the structure of the clothing, the clothing can receive energy with most efficiency in response to a speed of fragmentation bullet, performance of the clothing is maintained, and an ultra-light weight can be obtained.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、着用上の最大の関心事
である凶器、破片、銃弾等の衝撃による人体への損傷を
著しく軽減させる効果を上げつつ軽量化を図ることを主
目的とし、さらには適度な可撓性による着心地の良さ、
及び保温効果を兼ね備えた超高強力高弾性繊維から構成
される防護衣に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention mainly aims to reduce the weight while enhancing the effect of remarkably reducing the damage to the human body due to the impact of weapons, debris, bullets, etc. , And comfortableness due to moderate flexibility,
And a protective garment composed of ultra-high-strength and high-elasticity fibers having a heat retaining effect.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】防護衣は最初、金属板、陶器、ＦＲＰ等
を成型し、これらの小片を織物に縫い付ける事により発
明は端を発した。その場合の問題点である着心地つまり
は可撓性を改善すべく材質は高強力ナイロン糸に移行
し、さらに現在に於いては２０ｇ／ｄを越える単繊維強
度を有する超高強力高弾性繊維が実用されるに及び、高
耐衝撃、軽量の防護衣としてろてきた。この成形法の問
題点は成形に要する時間、主としてマトリックス樹脂の
めざましい発展をとげてきている。2. Description of the Related Art Protective garments were originally developed by molding metal plates, pottery, FRP, etc., and sewing these small pieces onto a woven fabric. In order to improve comfort and flexibility, which is a problem in that case, the material is changed to high-strength nylon yarn, and at present, ultra-high-strength and high-elasticity fiber having a single fiber strength of more than 20 g / d. As it has been put into practical use, it has been used as a high-impact, lightweight protective clothing. The problem with this molding method has been the remarkable development of the time required for molding, mainly the matrix resin.

【０００３】高速で飛来する弾丸、または砲弾破片等を
例にとった場合、弾丸等はＭＶ² （Ｍは質量、Ｖは着速
度）に比例して負荷威力を増すので防護衣はこれによる
運動エネルギＥ（Ｅ＝ＭＶ² ／２）を吸収して停弾に至
る強度を保持する必要がある。In the case of a bullet flying at a high speed or a fragment of a cannonball, for example, the bullet increases the load power in proportion to MV ² (M is mass, V is landing speed), and the protective clothing moves accordingly. it is necessary to maintain the strength leading to stop the bullet absorbs energy ^{E (E = MV 2/2} ).

【０００４】また、この弾丸等による貫通力は衝突する
弾丸等の先端形状、エネルギ密度、硬度等が影響する
が、尖頭形の弾丸は着弾面でのエネルギ密度がその平均
エネルギ密度より更に高いことから、より高い貫通力を
示す。このため、防弾織織布の表面を硬質の鋼、アルミ
合金等のハード部材で覆って防弾パットとすることによ
って、尖頭弾丸の先端部を破壊して平滑にし、更には原
口径の面積よりも拡大し、表面積を増大させる事によっ
てエネルギ密度を減じ、貫通力を減少させる方法が高威
力で尖頭形状のライフル弾防止用に用いられている。Further, the penetrating force of the bullet or the like is affected by the tip shape, energy density, hardness, etc. of the colliding bullet or the like, but in the pointed bullet, the energy density on the landing surface is higher than the average energy density. Therefore, it shows higher penetration. For this reason, by covering the surface of the bulletproof woven fabric with a hard member such as hard steel or aluminum alloy to form a bulletproof pad, the tip of the pointed bullet is broken and smoothed. A method of reducing the energy density by increasing the surface area and increasing the surface area, and reducing the penetrating force is also used for the prevention of rifle bullets with high power and pointed shape.

【０００５】この場合、前記ハード部材としては高硬度
の窒化硅素セラミックス板が特に有効とされている。In this case, a high hardness silicon nitride ceramics plate is particularly effective as the hard member.

【０００６】一方、尖頭形でない砲弾破片の場合、また
は、銃弾が丸くかつ着弾時の弾速が比較的低い拳銃弾の
場合等は、例えば芳香族ポリアラミド等の織布を２０〜
３０枚積層しただけの防弾パットが用いられてきてい
る。On the other hand, in the case of a non-pointed shell fragment, or in the case of a pistol bullet having a round bullet and a relatively low bullet velocity at the time of impact, for example, a woven fabric of aromatic polyaramid or the like is used.
Bulletproof pads with only 30 layers have been used.

【０００７】さらに最近に至ってはその織り構造をも操
作し、ひいては織布を構成している糸間の摩擦をコトン
ロールし、より好適な防護性能を有すると称される防護
衣用基布が各種考案されてきている。[0007] More recently, a base cloth for a protective garment, which is said to have a more suitable protection performance, by operating the woven structure thereof and rolling the friction between the yarns constituting the woven cloth, Various have been devised.

【０００８】しかし、いずれにしも顕著な効果があると
はとても言えず、ただ織り構造を操作し糸間の摩擦をコ
ントロールしただけの小改善にすぎないため、試験数値
上の値は良くなっても結果的に試験試料後方の突出部が
大きくなり、身体への損傷を軽減するという、本来の目
的から逆行している発明が少なからず存在しているのも
事実である。故に、本質的な防護衣上の問題点である、
防護性能を落とさずに軽量化を図るというテーマに関し
ては依然抜本的な発明はなされていないと言うのが現状
となっている。However, in any case, it cannot be said that there is a significant effect, and since it is only a small improvement by operating the woven structure and controlling the friction between the yarns, the value on the test numerical value is improved. However, as a result, the protrusion behind the test sample becomes large, and there is not a few inventions that go against the original purpose of reducing damage to the body. Therefore, it is an essential problem with protective clothing,
It is the current state that no drastic invention has been made on the theme of reducing weight without sacrificing protection performance.

【０００９】[0009]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】以上の様に従来技術の
範疇では、芳香族ポリアラミド等の織布をベースにした
構成をなしているため、防護効果を向上させようと思え
ば必然的に積層枚数を多くさせるしか方法はなく、防護
効果の向上に伴って重量が重くなり、長時間使用する事
が出来ない、実用にそぐわない物になってしまっている
現状があった。As described above, in the category of the prior art, since the structure is based on the woven fabric such as aromatic polyaramid, it is inevitable that the laminate is laminated if the protection effect is to be improved. There is no choice but to increase the number of sheets, and as the protective effect is improved, the weight becomes heavier, and it cannot be used for a long time, which is not suitable for practical use.

【００１０】いくら防護効果のある物であっても、着用
されなければ意味が無く、さらには防護衣を実際に使用
する場面においては、着用時間の限定が無い場合が多く
存在し、防護効果を堅持しつつ軽量化を図ることは本分
野における永遠のテーマとなっている。No matter how much the protective effect is provided, it is meaningless if it is not worn, and there are many cases where the wearing time is not limited when the protective clothing is actually used. It is an eternal theme in this field to maintain weight while maintaining it.

【００１１】故に、本発明の着眼点もまさにそこにあ
り、防護効果を堅持しつつ軽量化を図るのはもちろんの
事、防護効果そのものも向上させようと言うのが本発明
の狙いであることは言うまでもなく、さらには、適度な
可撓性による着用感の向上、及び適度な保温効果も同時
に付与しようとするのが本発明の目的である。Therefore, the point of interest of the present invention is exactly there, and it is the aim of the present invention to improve the protective effect itself as well as to reduce the weight while maintaining the protective effect. Needless to say, it is an object of the present invention to further improve the feeling of wearing due to appropriate flexibility, and at the same time provide an appropriate heat retaining effect.

【００１２】[0012]

【課題を解決するための手段】前記目的を達成するた
め、本発明は以下の構成をなすものである。すなわち、
本発明は、単繊維強度１８ｇ／ｄ以上、引張り弾性率５
００ｇ／ｄ以上の超高強力高弾性繊維からなる破断伸度
が３０％以上である布帛Ａの比率が２０ｗｔ（％）以上
９０ｗｔ（％）未満であり、且つ単繊維強度が１８ｇ／
ｄ以上、引張り弾性が５００ｇ／ｄ以上の超高強力高弾
性繊維からなる破断伸度が３０％以下である布帛Ｂの比
率が１０ｗｔ（％）以上８０ｗｔ（％）以下である構成
をなし、さらには単繊維強度１８ｇ／ｄ以上、引張り弾
性率５００ｇ／ｄ以上の超高強力高弾性繊維からなる破
断伸度が３０％未満である布帛Ｂの配置に関し、防護衣
の裏面（身体に直接接する面）に配置される比率が布帛
Ｂ全体の重量の５０ｗｔ（％）以上である事により実現
に至る。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following constitution. That is,
The present invention has a single fiber strength of 18 g / d or more and a tensile elastic modulus of 5
The proportion of the fabric A having an elongation at break of 30% or more made of ultra-high-strength and high-elasticity fiber of 00 g / d or more is 20 wt% or more and less than 90 wt (%), and the single fiber strength is 18 g /
The fabric B having an elongation at break of 30% or less, which is made of an ultra-high-strength and high-elasticity fiber having a tensile elasticity of 500 g / d or more, has a ratio of 10 wt% to 80 wt%. Relates to the arrangement of the cloth B having a breaking elongation of less than 30%, which is made of ultra-high-strength and high-elasticity fibers having a single fiber strength of 18 g / d or more and a tensile elastic modulus of 500 g / d or more, and the rear surface of the protective garment (the surface that directly contacts the body) This is achieved by the fact that the ratio arranged in () is 50 wt% or more of the weight of the entire fabric B.

【００１３】さらに具体的に説明すると、本発明に於い
て用いられる超高強力高弾性繊維とは単繊維強度１８ｇ
／ｄ以上、引張り弾性率５００ｇ／ｄ以上の超高強力高
弾性繊維であれば、特に限定される物ではなく、全芳香
族系ポリアミド繊維、高分子量のポリエチレン、ポリパ
ラフェニレンベンヅオキサゾール（ＰＢＯ）、ポリパラ
フェニレンベンゾチアゾール（ＰＢＴ）、ポリプロピレ
ン等のポリオレフィン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリ
（フッ化）ビニリデン繊維、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維
などが用いられるがこれらに限定されるものではない。More specifically, the ultrahigh strength and high elasticity fiber used in the present invention means a single fiber strength of 18 g.
/ D or more and a tensile elastic modulus of 500 g / d or more, it is not particularly limited as long as it is an ultra-high-strength and high-elasticity fiber, wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, high molecular weight polyethylene, polyparaphenylene benzoxazole (PBO). ), Polyparaphenylene benzothiazole (PBT), polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, poly (fluorinated) vinylidene fibers, wholly aromatic polyester fibers, and the like, but are not limited thereto.

【００１４】特に本発明の場合、防護衣という観点から
は軽量となることが好ましく、比重が１．０ｇ／ｃｍ³
以下である平均分子量５×１０⁵ 以上の高分子量ポリエ
チレンであると、価格面、製糸性の面で大変有利であ
る。Particularly in the case of the present invention, from the viewpoint of protective clothing, it is preferable that the weight is light, and the specific gravity is 1.0 g / cm ^3.
The following high molecular weight polyethylene having an average molecular weight of 5 × 10 ⁵ or more is very advantageous in terms of price and spinnability.

【００１５】単繊維強度１８ｇ／ｄ未満、引張り弾性率
５００ｇ／ｄ未満の繊維を使用した場合には、言うまで
もなく単位重量あたりの耐弾性能が著しく低下し、防護
衣としての性能を堅持するためには重量を重くするしか
方法はなく実用的でない。Needless to say, when a fiber having a single fiber strength of less than 18 g / d and a tensile modulus of less than 500 g / d is used, the ballistic resistance per unit weight is remarkably reduced and the performance as a protective garment is maintained. There is only a way to increase the weight, and it is not practical.

【００１６】逆に単繊維強度、引張り弾性率は高ければ
高い程良く、製糸性とコストとの兼ね合いで現状におけ
るより好ましい範囲とは、高分子量のポリエチレンの例
をとれば、単繊維強度２８〜５０ｇ／ｄ、引張り弾性率
９００〜２０００ｇ／ｄの範囲が挙げられる。On the contrary, the higher the single fiber strength and the tensile elastic modulus, the better, and the more preferable range at present in view of the balance between the spinnability and the cost is, in the case of high molecular weight polyethylene, the single fiber strength of 28 to The range is 50 g / d and the tensile elastic modulus is 900 to 2000 g / d.

【００１７】もちろんこれらの範囲は高分子量のポリエ
チレンに限って現時点での範囲であり、素材が変われば
当然、これらの範囲変化し、さらには製糸技術の発展と
共にこれらの範囲もさらに向上していくものである。Of course, these ranges are limited to high molecular weight polyethylene at the present time, and naturally, if the raw material changes, these ranges will change, and further, these ranges will further improve with the development of the yarn making technology. It is a thing.

【００１８】さらに、単繊維強度１８ｇ／ｄ以上、引張
り弾性率５００ｇ／ｄ以上の超高強力高弾性繊維からな
る破断伸度が３０％以上である布帛Ａの比率が２０ｗｔ
（％）以上９０ｗｔ（％）未満である事が好ましい。Further, the proportion of the fabric A having a breaking elongation of 30% or more and made of ultra-high strength and high elasticity fibers having a single fiber strength of 18 g / d or more and a tensile modulus of 500 g / d or more is 20 wt.
(%) Or more and less than 90 wt (%) is preferable.

【００１９】破断伸度が３０％以上である布帛とは、編
物および不織布の形態が好ましく屈曲部を大きくさせた
織物もこの範囲に含まれる。さらに、不織布の取扱い性
を良好とする為に単繊維強度１８ｇ／ｄ未満、引張り弾
性率５００ｇ／ｄ未満の合成、天然繊維からなる繊維お
よび布帛で不織布を縫合、把持させた物も必要に応じ使
用される。破断伸度が３０％以上必要である理由として
は、外部からの衝撃を受止める際、自由度がある為に、
繊維切断に消費されるエネルギー以外に、布帛を広く変
形させるエネルギーに変換できる効果があるためであ
り、破断伸度のより好ましい範囲とは、布帛製造工程
上、６０〜２００％の範囲が挙げられる。破断伸度が３
０％未満である場合には、自由度が少なく、主に繊維切
断にエネルギーが消費され、布帛を広く変形させるエネ
ルギーに変換される量が少なく、エネルギー変換効率が
悪くなるので好ましくない。また、この場合の布帛Ａの
目付けは、布帛Ｂとの縫合に問題が無ければ特に限定は
しないが、取扱い性の面からは１００〜５００ｇ／ｍ²
の範囲である事が望ましく、その自由度を空隙率で表せ
ば、７５〜９８％の範囲、より好ましくは８５％〜９６
％の範囲が挙げられる。The cloth having a breaking elongation of 30% or more is preferably a knitted or non-woven fabric, and a woven fabric having a large bent portion is also included in this range. Furthermore, in order to improve the handleability of the non-woven fabric, a single fiber strength of less than 18 g / d and a tensile elastic modulus of less than 500 g / d of synthetic and natural fibers may be sewn and gripped with the non-woven fabric. used. The reason why the breaking elongation is required to be 30% or more is that there is a degree of freedom when receiving an impact from the outside.
This is because, in addition to the energy consumed for fiber cutting, there is an effect that it can be converted into energy that widely deforms the fabric, and the more preferable range of the breaking elongation is a range of 60 to 200% in the fabric manufacturing process. . Breaking elongation is 3
If it is less than 0%, the degree of freedom is low, energy is mainly consumed for fiber cutting, and the amount of energy converted to widely deform the fabric is small, resulting in poor energy conversion efficiency, which is not preferable. The basis weight of the fabric A in this case is not particularly limited as long as there is no problem in stitching with the fabric B, but from the viewpoint of handleability, it is 100 to 500 g / m ^2.
When the degree of freedom is expressed by the porosity, the range is 75 to 98%, and more preferably 85% to 96.
% Range is included.

【００２０】さらに破断伸度が３０％以上である布帛Ａ
の比率は２０ｗｔ（％）以上、９０ｗｔ（％）未満であ
る事が好ましい。Further, a fabric A having a breaking elongation of 30% or more
It is preferable that the ratio is 20 wt% or more and less than 90 wt%.

【００２１】布帛Ａの比率が２０ｗｔ（％）未満である
場合には、防護衣の構成上、自由度の存在している範囲
が少なく、効果が現れにくい傾向となる。When the ratio of the cloth A is less than 20 wt%, the effect of the protective clothing is less likely to be exhibited due to the limited range of freedom.

【００２２】また、布帛Ａの比率が９０ｗｔ（％）を越
えると、破断伸度が３０％未満である布帛の構成してい
る割合が少なく、防護衣の裏地に相当する試料後方の局
部的な突出部が大きくなり、身体への損傷も増大する。If the proportion of the cloth A exceeds 90 wt%, the proportion of the cloth having a breaking elongation of less than 30% is small, and the local area behind the sample corresponding to the lining of the protective garment is small. The protrusions are larger and more damage to the body.

【００２３】より好ましい範囲とは使用状況により幾分
異なるが、２００ｍ／ｓ〜５００ｍ／ｓの高速で飛来す
る質量１ｇ程度の破片弾をターゲットとした場合、４０
〜７０ｗｔ（％）とするのが妥当な範囲である。Although it differs somewhat from the more preferable range depending on the conditions of use, when targeting a fragment bullet with a mass of about 1 g that flies at a high speed of 200 m / s to 500 m / s, 40
It is a reasonable range to be 70 wt%.

【００２４】また、ここで述べる自由度の効果とは、詳
細は明らかでないが、空中を高速で飛来してくる破片弾
を例にとって考えてみた場合、まず着弾時、破片弾は２
００ｍ／ｓを越える速度で防護衣外側に衝突する。この
瞬間の衝撃は相当なものがあり、このエネルギーを受け
止めるべき防護衣の外側は瞬間的に撓み、屈曲する間も
なくよりハードな部材と化し、破片弾の持っていたエネ
ルギーは繊維をただ剪断させる事のみに変換される。Although the effect of the degree of freedom described here is not clear in detail, when considering a fragmentary bullet flying at high speed in the air as an example, first, when the bullet hits, the fragmentary bullet is 2
It collides with the outside of protective clothing at a speed exceeding 00 m / s. The impact at this moment is considerable, the outer side of the protective clothing that should receive this energy momentarily bends, becomes a harder member shortly after bending, and the energy that the shards have had causes the fibers to just shear Only converted to.

【００２５】破片弾が防護衣に衝突し、防護衣を構成し
ている繊維を外部より次々に切断し内部に侵入してくる
に従い、破片弾の速度は急激に減少する。As the fragments hit the protective garment, and the fibers constituting the protective garment are cut from the outside one after another and penetrate into the inside, the speed of the fragments is sharply reduced.

【００２６】さらに破片弾の持つエネルギーは速度の２
乗に比例して減少し、ついには、防護衣を構成する布帛
は破片弾の速度に追従して撓み、屈曲および目ずれを起
こし停弾に至る。Further, the energy of a fragment bullet has a velocity of 2
It decreases in proportion to the riding power, and finally, the fabric constituting the protective garment follows the speed of the shards to bend, bend and shift to stop.

【００２７】以上が、破片弾が２００ｍ／ｓを越える速
度から、わずか数ｃｍの間に速度が０ｍ／ｓとなる現象
のメカニズムである。The above is the mechanism of the phenomenon in which the velocity of fragmentary bullets exceeds 200 m / s and the velocity becomes 0 m / s within a few cm.

【００２８】この様なメカニズムを究明するに際し、鋭
意検討を重ねた結果、２００ｍ／ｓを越える高速で衝
突、接触された瞬間の繊維は容易に切断に至り、目ず
れ、撓みを起こさせるエネルギーにまったく変換されて
いない事が判明した。この様にして破断に至った繊維
は、もはや破片弾を受け止める繊維群には含まれず、さ
らに、繊維の拘束が強ければ強い程、容易に破断に至る
事実も確認された。As a result of extensive studies conducted to investigate such a mechanism, the fiber at the moment of collision or contact at a high speed exceeding 200 m / s can easily be cut into energy that causes misalignment or bending. It turned out that it was not converted at all. It was also confirmed that the fiber thus broken was not included in the fiber group for receiving the fragmentary bullet anymore, and further, the stronger the constraint of the fiber, the easier the breakage occurred.

【００２９】これらの現象を解析すると、破片弾の持つ
エネルギーを減少させる方策には、 繊維に剪断力を作用させ、切断に至らしめるエネルギ
ー 繊維に撓み、屈曲および目ずれを広範囲に起こさせる
事によって消費されるエネルギーにそれぞれ変換される
必要がある。Analyzing these phenomena, as a measure to reduce the energy of the fragment bullet, the shearing force is applied to the fiber to cause the energy to cut the fiber by bending, bending and misaligning the fiber in a wide range. Each needs to be converted into energy consumed.

【００３０】さらに、十分速度が遅く、布帛が破片弾の
速度に追従して撓み、屈曲および目ずれを起こす速度に
なれば前記、双方のエネルギーに変換され得るが、
破片弾の速度が早い場合、エネルギーは前記のみに変
換され、の部分が繊維の強い拘束によって、まるまる
ロスとなってしまっている。Further, if the speed is sufficiently slow and the cloth is bent at the speed of the fragment bullet to cause bending, bending and misalignment, the above energy can be converted into both energy.
When the velocity of the fragment bullet is high, the energy is converted into the above-mentioned energy, and the portion of becomes a complete loss due to the strong restraint of the fiber.

【００３１】故に、本発明の着眼点はまさにそこにあ
り、２００ｍ／ｓを越える高速で飛来する破片弾の衝撃
を初めから前記、双方のエネルギーに変換出来る構
成を考案すれば、より少ない重量で最大の防護性能を有
する防護衣が得られる筈である。Therefore, the point of interest of the present invention is exactly there, and if a structure capable of converting the impact of a fragment bullet flying at a high speed exceeding 200 m / s into the above-mentioned energy from the beginning, it is possible to reduce the weight. It should be possible to obtain protective clothing with maximum protection performance.

【００３２】すなわち、これがここで言う自由度の効果
であると推定される。That is, it is estimated that this is the effect of the degree of freedom referred to here.

【００３３】また、単繊維強度が１８ｇ／ｄ以上、引張
り弾性率が５００ｇ／ｄ以上の超高強力高弾性繊維から
なる破断伸度が３０％未満である布帛Ｂの比率が１０ｗ
ｔ（％）以上８０ｗｔ（％）未満であることが好まし
い。The ratio of the fabric B having a breaking elongation of less than 30% made of ultra-high-strength and high-elasticity fibers having a single fiber strength of 18 g / d or more and a tensile modulus of 500 g / d or more is 10 w.
It is preferably at least t (%) and less than 80 wt (%).

【００３４】ここで言う破断伸度が３０％未満である布
帛Ｂとはすなわち、超高強力高弾性繊維から構成される
通常の高密度織布をさし、変形量を極力抑えるため、着
用上の動きを阻害しない程度の樹脂含浸およびフィルム
ラミネート加工も必要に応じ施される。また、特殊な例
を挙げれば繊維を経、緯方向に出来るだけ真直ぐになる
ように直行配列させ、樹脂含浸およびフィルムラミネー
トさせ形態を保持させたシート、さらにはバイアス方向
にも繊維を挿入した多軸織物等も必要に応じ使用され
る。破断伸度のより好ましい値とは１０％以下である
が、織物の構成上、緯方向の打ち込み本数を多くし布帛
密度を向上させている為、ある程度の経糸の屈曲は避け
られず、結果的に経方向に関しては１０〜２０％の破断
伸度となってしまっているのが現状である。また、この
場合の布帛Ｂの目付けは、細繊度で高密度な程変形量が
少なくなり好ましい傾向となるが、製造コストが高くな
る為、製造コストとの兼ね合いで、１２０〜５００ｇ／
ｍ² の範囲が望ましい。また、その場合の自由度を空隙
率で表せば、３５〜７５％の範囲が好ましく、より好ま
しい範囲としては４５％〜６５％が挙げられる。なお、
空隙率は、 試料の体積；Ａ（ｃｍ³ ） 試料の重量；ｗ（ｇｆ） 試料の比重；ρ（ｇｆ／ｃｍ³ ）とすると 空隙率＝１−（ｗ／ρ・Ａ）×１００（％）で表され
る。The cloth B having a breaking elongation of less than 30% as used herein means a normal high-density woven cloth composed of ultra-high-strength and high-elasticity fibers. If necessary, resin impregnation and film laminating are performed to the extent that they do not hinder the movement of the film. A special example is a sheet in which fibers are arranged in a straight line so as to be as straight as possible in the weft direction, resin-impregnated and film-laminated to maintain the shape, and fibers are also inserted in the bias direction. A shaft woven fabric or the like is also used if necessary. The more preferable value of the elongation at break is 10% or less, but due to the structure of the woven fabric, the number of yarns in the weft direction is increased and the fabric density is improved. In the present situation, the breaking elongation is 10 to 20% in the longitudinal direction. Further, in the case where the fabric B has a unit weight of a fineness and a high density, the amount of deformation is small, which is preferable, but the manufacturing cost is high. Therefore, in consideration of the manufacturing cost, 120 to 500 g /
A range of m ² is desirable. When the degree of freedom in that case is expressed by a porosity, a range of 35 to 75% is preferable, and a more preferable range is 45% to 65%. In addition,
Porosity is defined as volume of sample; A (cm ³ ), weight of sample; w (gf), specific gravity of sample; ρ (gf / cm ³ ), porosity = 1- (w / ρ · A) × 100 (% ).

【００３５】また布帛Ｂの比率は１０ｗｔ（％）以上で
あることが望ましい。１０ｗｔ（％）未満である場合に
は、破断伸度の小なる布帛Ｂの比率が小さすぎてしまい
防護衣の裏地に相当する試料後部の変形が大きくなり、
身体への損傷も増大する。It is desirable that the ratio of the cloth B is 10 wt% or more. If it is less than 10 wt%, the ratio of the fabric B having a small breaking elongation is too small, and the deformation of the sample rear part corresponding to the lining of the protective garment becomes large,
Damage to the body also increases.

【００３６】逆に、布帛Ｂの全体に占める比率は８０ｗ
ｔ（％）以下であることが好ましい。８０ｗｔ（％）を
越える場合には、前に述べた自由度が小なる傾向となる
ため際立った防護効果が得られなくなり好ましく無い。On the contrary, the ratio of the fabric B to the whole is 80w.
It is preferably t (%) or less. If it exceeds 80 wt (%), the degree of freedom described above tends to be small, and a remarkable protective effect cannot be obtained, which is not preferable.

【００３７】さらに、単繊維強度１８ｇ／ｄ以上、引張
り弾性率５００ｇ／ｄ以上の超高強力弾性繊維からなる
破断伸度３０％未満である布帛Ｂの配置に関し、防護衣
の裏面（身体に直接接する面）に配置される比率が布帛
Ｂ全体の重量の５０ｗｔ（％）以上であることが好まし
い。Further, regarding the arrangement of the cloth B having a breaking elongation of less than 30%, which is made of an ultrahigh strength elastic fiber having a single fiber strength of 18 g / d or more and a tensile elastic modulus of 500 g / d or more, the rear surface of the protective garment (directly on the body) It is preferable that the proportion of the fabric B is 50 wt% or more of the total weight of the fabric B.

【００３８】これは、前に説明した自由度と相反するも
のであるが、自由度を高めれば高かめる程、衝撃を受け
止める能力は向上する。しかし、防護衣に関しては身体
を守ると言う大前提があるため、試料後方の変形をある
程度以下に抑える必要が生じる。This is contrary to the degree of freedom described above, but the higher the degree of freedom, the higher the ability to receive a shock. However, with regard to protective clothing, there is a major premise to protect the body, so it is necessary to suppress the deformation behind the sample to a certain extent or less.

【００３９】停弾したが内臓に食い込み大きな負傷を負
う、では防護衣の意味が無いため、この点は非常に重要
である。故に、破断伸度３０％未満である布帛Ｂの防護
衣の裏面（身体に直接接する面）に配置される比率は少
なくとも布帛Ｂ全体の重量の５０ｗｔ（％）以上である
ことが必要となる。This point is very important because the protective clothing does not have any meaning when the player stops, but bites into the internal organs and suffers serious injury. Therefore, it is necessary that the proportion of the fabric B having a breaking elongation of less than 30% to be arranged on the back surface (the surface in direct contact with the body) of the protective garment is at least 50 wt% or more of the total weight of the fabric B.

【００４０】すなわち、防護衣全体の重量の少なくとも
５％以上は必ず必要であると言う事であり、それを下回
る様な場合、身体への局部的な損傷が大きくなり好まし
くない。That is, at least 5% or more of the weight of the entire protective garment is necessarily required, and if it is less than that, local damage to the body becomes large, which is not preferable.

【００４１】より最適な範囲は、防護衣構成により適宜
異なるが、局部的な高衝撃が予想される状況程、この値
を大きくする必要がある。The more optimum range differs depending on the configuration of the protective clothing, but it is necessary to increase this value in a situation where a high local impact is expected.

【００４２】尚、ここで用いられる布帛の引張り強さの
測定はＪＩＳ−Ｌ１０９５（１９７９）に規定する６・
１２・１・Ａ法に準ずる。但し、試験片の幅は３ｃｍを
採用した。The measurement of the tensile strength of the cloth used here is specified in JIS-L1095 (1979).
According to the 12.1.A method. However, the width of the test piece was 3 cm.

【００４３】さらに、通常防護衣は、単繊維強度１８ｇ
／ｄ未満、引張り弾性率５００ｇ／ｄ未満の合成及び天
然繊維からなる表地、裏地から構成される訳であるが、
以上述べた構成は当然その内部に縫合される部位に関す
るものである。Further, the normal protective garment has a single fiber strength of 18 g.
/ D, a tensile elastic modulus of less than 500 g / d, composed of a synthetic and natural fiber outer and lining material.
The above-described configuration naturally relates to the portion to be sewn inside.

【００４４】[0044]

【実施例−１】 重量平均分子量が１．９×１０⁶ の
可撓性高分子鎖を有する超高分子量ポリエチレンを用い
て溶融紡糸し、得られたゲルファイバーを多段で高倍率
延伸し、引張り強度３５ｇ／ｄ、引張り弾性率１０００
ｇ／ｄ、繊度４００ｄのマルチフィラメントを得た。こ
のマルチフィラメントを用い、経４５本／インチ、緯４
７本／インチからなる目付け１７５ｇ／ｍ² 、経破断伸
度１６％、緯破断伸度６％からなる織物を作製し、布帛
Ｂとした。また、同マルチフィラメントを繊維長が４５
ｍｍとなるように裁断し、目付け２１０ｇ／ｍ² のシー
トとなる様に、ウォーターパンチ絡合処理された経緯破
断伸度８０％のシートを布帛Ａとした。Example-1 Melt-spinning was performed using ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene having a flexible polymer chain having a weight-average molecular weight of 1.9 × 10 ⁶ , and the obtained gel fiber was stretched in multiple stages at a high ratio and stretched. Strength 35g / d, tensile modulus 1000
A multifilament having g / d and a fineness of 400d was obtained. Using this multifilament, weave 45 / inch, weft 4
A fabric having a basis weight of 175 g / m ² consisting of 7 yarns / inch, a warp breaking elongation of 16%, and a weft breaking elongation of 6% was prepared and designated as a fabric B. The fiber length of the multifilament is 45
A sheet having a warp / wet breaking elongation of 80% that was subjected to a water punch entanglement treatment so as to be a sheet having a basis weight of 210 g / m ² was cut as a fabric A.

【００４５】そして、表層に布帛Ｂの試料を１枚配し、
裏層に５枚、その中間層に布帛Ａを１０枚挿入し、全重
量３１５０ｇ／ｍ² のシートを作製した。Then, one sample of the fabric B is arranged on the surface layer,
Five sheets were inserted in the back layer and ten pieces of the fabric A were inserted in the intermediate layer to prepare a sheet having a total weight of 3150 g / m ² .

【００４６】このシートを供試料とし、そこへ重量が
１．１ｇ、材質が硬鋼、形状が円柱状の銃弾を３４０ｍ
／ｓ〜５２０ｍ／ｓの速度範囲にて貫通、非貫通の割合
が半々になる様に計２４発発射した。この内、貫通弾の
低速側より５点、非貫通弾の高速側より５点のデータを
採用し、その平均値（Ｖ５０）をもって耐弾性能の評価
を実施してみた。（但し、採用データの着弾位置は、前
着弾位置よりも経緯方向各５ｃｍ以上、斜め方向各２ｃ
ｍ以上離れることを前提とする）Using this sheet as a sample, a bullet having a weight of 1.1 g, a hard steel material and a cylindrical shape was 340 m.
A total of 24 shots were fired in the speed range of / s to 520 m / s so that the ratio of penetration and non-penetration would be half. Among these, the data of 5 points from the low speed side of the penetrating bullet and 5 points from the high speed side of the non-penetrating bullet were adopted, and the average value (V50) was used to evaluate the ballistic resistance performance. (However, the landing position of the employment data is 5 cm or more in the longitudinal direction and 2 c in each diagonal direction from the previous landing position.
(Assuming a distance of m or more)

【００４７】試験の結果、上記供試料のＶ５０は４８６
ｍ／ｓであり、３１５０ｇ／ｍ² の同目付けの織物と比
較してみると、耐弾性能は速度の２乗に比例するため、
５０％近い耐弾性能の向上が図られているのが解り、ま
た、試料後方の突出も認められず、身体への局部的な高
衝撃の緩和された、超軽量化と高い耐弾性能双方の要件
を同時に満足する防護衣の得られる事が確認された。
（第１表参照）As a result of the test, the V50 of the above sample is 486.
m / s, and when compared with a woven fabric with the same weight of 3150 g / m ² , the ballistic resistance is proportional to the square of the speed,
It can be seen that the antiballistic performance is improved by nearly 50%, and there is no protrusion behind the sample, and local high impact is mitigated, both ultra-lightweight and high antiballistic performance. It was confirmed that protective clothing that simultaneously satisfies the requirements of 1) could be obtained.
(See Table 1)

【００４８】[0048]

【実施例−２】実施例−１同様に、超高分子量ポリエチ
レンからなる単繊維強度３５ｇ／ｄ、引張り弾性率１０
００ｇ／ｄ、繊度４００ｄのマルチフィラメントを使用
した経４５本／インチ、緯４７本／インチの密度の目付
け１７５ｇ／ｍ² 、経破断伸度１６％、緯破断伸度６％
の織物を布帛Ｂとして用い、さらには、単繊維強度２４
ｇ／ｄ、引張り弾性率１０００ｇ／ｄ、繊度１５００ｄ
の芳香族ポリアミド繊維を同様に４５ｍｍの長さに裁断
し、目付け２１０ｇ／ｍ² のシートとなる様、ウォータ
ーパンチ絡合処理された経緯破断伸度８０％のシートを
作製し布帛Ａとした。[Example-2] Similarly to Example-1, single fiber made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene has a strength of 35 g / d and a tensile elastic modulus of 10
45 g / m ² using multifilament of 00 g / d, fineness 400 d, weft density of 175 g / m ² with density of 47 wefts / inch, warp elongation 16%, weft elongation 6%
Is used as the fabric B, and the single fiber strength is 24
g / d, tensile elastic modulus 1000 g / d, fineness 1500 d
The aromatic polyamide fiber of was similarly cut into a length of 45 mm, and a sheet having a warp and weft breaking elongation of 80% which was subjected to a water punch entanglement treatment so as to be a sheet having a basis weight of 210 g / m ² was prepared as a fabric A.

【００４９】そして、表層に布帛Ｂの試料を１枚配し、
裏層に５枚、その中間層に布帛Ａを１０枚挿入し、全重
量３１５０ｇ／ｍ² のシートを同様に作製した。Then, one sample of the fabric B is arranged on the surface layer,
Five sheets were inserted in the back layer and 10 sheets of the cloth A were inserted in the intermediate layer, and a sheet having a total weight of 3150 g / m ² was produced in the same manner.

【００５０】このシートを供試料とし、貫通、非貫通境
界速度であるＶ５０による評価を実施した所、供試料の
Ｖ５０は４５６ｍ／ｓであり、３１５０ｇ／ｍ² の同目
付けの織物と比較してみると、耐弾性能は速度の２乗に
比例するため、３０％程度の性能の向上が図られている
のが確認された。（第１表参照） また、実施例−１との差は同重量合わせの評価を行って
いるため、繊維の性能が同等であったとしても、比重の
差（芳香族ポリアミド繊維は超高分子量ポリエチレン繊
維のおよそ１．５倍の比重を持つ）が出たものと推定さ
れる。When this sheet was used as a sample and was evaluated by V50 which is the boundary speed of penetration and non-penetration, the V50 of the sample was 456 m / s, and it was compared with a woven fabric of the same weight of 3150 g / m ^2. As a result, it was confirmed that the ballistic resistance was proportional to the square of the speed, and therefore the performance was improved by about 30%. (Refer to Table 1) Further, since the difference from Example-1 is evaluated by the same weight matching, even if the performances of the fibers are the same, the difference in specific gravity (the aromatic polyamide fiber has an ultrahigh molecular weight). It has a specific gravity of about 1.5 times that of polyethylene fiber).

【００５１】[0051]

【比較例−１】同様に、引張り強度３５ｇ／ｄ、引張り
弾性率１０００ｇ／ｄ、繊度４００ｄのマルチフィラメ
ントからなる経４５本／インチ、緯４７本／インチ、目
付け１７５ｇ／ｍ² 、経破断伸度１６％、緯破断伸度６
％の織物（布帛Ｂ）を用い、これを１８枚積層し、実施
例同等の目付け（３１５０ｇ／ｍ² ）とし、上記同法に
てＶ５０を評価した所、Ｖ５０は４００ｍ／ｓにすぎ
ず、実質的なエネルギーは速度の２乗に比例するため、
従来の防護衣同等の高密度織布から構成されたものは、
重量を同じとした場合、耐弾性能はやはり２／３程度し
か得られていないことが判明した。（第１表参照）[Comparative Example-1] Similarly, a tensile strength of 35 g / d, a tensile elastic modulus of 1000 g / d, a warp of 45 filaments / inch composed of multifilaments having a fineness of 400 d, a weft of 47 filaments / inch, a basis weight of 175 g / m ² , and a warp elongation 16%, weft breaking elongation 6
% Fabric (fabric B) was used, 18 sheets were laminated to have a basis weight (3150 g / m ² ) equivalent to that of the example, and when V50 was evaluated by the same method, V50 was only 400 m / s, Since the effective energy is proportional to the square of the velocity,
What is made of high-density woven fabric equivalent to conventional protective clothing,
It was found that the ballistic resistance was only about 2/3 at the same weight. (See Table 1)

【００５２】[0052]

【比較例−２】また、重量平均分子量が１．９×１０⁶
の可撓性高分子鎖を有する超高分子量ポリエチレンを用
いて溶融紡糸し、得られたゲルファイバーを多段で高倍
率延伸し、引張り強度３５ｇ／ｄ、引張り弾性率１００
０ｇ／ｄ、繊度４００ｄのマルチフィラメントを得、同
マルチフィラメントを繊維長が４５ｍｍとなるように裁
断し、目付け２１０ｇ／ｍ² のシートとなる様に、ウォ
ーターパンチ絡合処理された経緯破断伸度８０％のシー
ト（布帛Ａ）を用い、同シートを１５枚積層し、実施例
同法にてＶ５０による耐弾性能を評価してみた。[Comparative Example 2] Further, the weight average molecular weight was 1.9 × 10 ^6.
Melt-spun using ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having a flexible polymer chain, and the resulting gel fiber is stretched in multiple stages at a high ratio to obtain a tensile strength of 35 g / d and a tensile elastic modulus of 100.
A multifilament having a fineness of 0 g / d and a fineness of 400 d was obtained, and the multifilament was cut to a fiber length of 45 mm and subjected to water punch entanglement treatment so that a sheet having a basis weight of 210 g / m ² was formed. Using 80% sheet (fabric A), 15 sheets were laminated, and the ballistic resistance by V50 was evaluated by the same method as in Example.

【００５３】結果、Ｖ５０は５１０ｍ／ｓを記録したも
のの、供試料後方の突出は５ｃｍ〜７ｃｍとひどく、身
体への局部的な高衝撃が予想される、防護衣としては使
用出来ないものとなってしまった。As a result, although V50 was recorded as 510 m / s, the protrusion behind the sample was as terrible as 5 cm to 7 cm, and a high local impact on the body is expected, and it cannot be used as protective clothing. I got it.

【００５４】[0054]

【比較例−３】 更に、重量平均分子量が１．９×１
０⁶ の可撓性高分子鎖を有する超高分子量ポリエチレン
を用いて溶融紡糸し、多段で高倍率延伸した引張り強度
３５ｇ／ｄ、引張り弾性率１０００ｇ／ｄ、繊度４００
ｄのマルチフィラメントを用い、経４５本／インチ、緯
４７本／インチからなる目付け１７５ｇ／ｍ² 、経破断
伸度１６％、緯破断伸度６％の織物を作製し、布帛Ｂと
した。また、同マルチフィラメントを繊維長が４５ｍｍ
となるように裁断し、目付け２１０ｇ／ｍ² の均整なシ
ートとなる様、ウォーターパンチ絡合処理を実施した経
緯破断伸度８０％のシートを布帛Ａとした。そして、表
層に布帛Ｂの試料を５枚、裏層に１枚、その中間層に布
帛Ａを１０枚挿入し、全重量３１５０ｇ／ｍ² を作製
し、実施例同法にてＶ５０による耐弾性能を評価してみ
た。結果、Ｖ５０は４９２ｍ／ｓを記録したものの、供
試料後方の突出は２ｃｍ〜３ｃｍ程度あり、比較例−２
同様に身体への局部的な高衝撃の予想されるものとなっ
てしまった。（第１表参照）Comparative Example 3 Furthermore, the weight average molecular weight is 1.9 × 1.
Melting-spun using ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having a flexible polymer chain of 0 ⁶ and multi-stage and high-stretch drawing tensile strength 35 g / d, tensile elastic modulus 1000 g / d, fineness 400
A fabric B having a basis weight of 175 g / m ² , a warp breaking elongation of 16% and a weft breaking elongation of 6%, which was 45 filaments / inch and wefts 47 filaments / inch, was produced using the multifilament of d, and was designated as Fabric B. The multifilament has a fiber length of 45 mm.
The fabric A was cut to have a basis weight of 210 g / m ² and subjected to water punch entanglement treatment so that a uniform sheet having a basis weight of 210 g / m ² was obtained. Then, 5 samples of the fabric B were inserted in the surface layer, 1 sheet in the back layer, and 10 sheets of the fabric A were inserted in the intermediate layer, and a total weight of 3150 g / m ² was produced. I evaluated the performance. As a result, V50 was recorded at 492 m / s, but the protrusion behind the sample was about 2 cm to 3 cm, and Comparative Example-2
Similarly, a high local impact on the body has been expected. (See Table 1)

【００５５】[0055]

【表１】 [Table 1]

【００５６】但し、試料後部の変形の評価に関し ◎：良好（５ｍｍ以内） ×：不良（５ｃｍ以上）の基準をもって評価した。However, regarding the evaluation of the deformation of the rear part of the sample, the evaluation was made on the basis of ⊚: good (within 5 mm) ×: poor (5 cm or more).

【００５７】[0057]

【発明の効果】以上のように、本発明より構成される防
護衣は、破片弾の速度に応じ最も効率良くエネルギーを
受け止める布帛構成をなしているため、従来の高強度高
弾性繊維より構成される高密度織布からなる防護衣と比
較し、顕著な効果があり、防護性能を維持すれば超軽量
化が可能となり、また同重量にすれば高い防護性能の向
上が図られるという、防護衣最大の関心事である防護性
能の向上、軽量化を同時に満足しうるものである。更
に、身体に直接接している部分の変形を抑える工夫によ
り身体が受ける局部的な衝撃を広範囲に分散し最小限に
することが出来、また、防護衣中に存在する空隙が適度
な可撓性を生み、着心地の良さ、適度な保温性を実現
し、重量の重さ、着心地の悪さから着用が見あわされ、
身体に大きな損傷を負う事も今後少なくなっていくもの
と予想される。As described above, since the protective garment constructed according to the present invention has a fabric structure that most efficiently receives energy in accordance with the speed of the shards, it is composed of conventional high-strength and high-elasticity fibers. Compared to protective clothing made of high-density woven fabric, it has a remarkable effect. If the protective performance is maintained, it is possible to make it ultra-light, and if the weight is the same, high protective performance is improved. It is possible to satisfy both the improvement of protection performance and the reduction of weight, which are of utmost concern. Furthermore, by devising the deformation of the part that is in direct contact with the body, the local impact that the body receives can be widely dispersed and minimized, and the voids present in the protective garment are moderately flexible. It provides good comfort, moderate heat retention, and is worn due to its heavy weight and poor comfort,
It is expected that serious damage to the body will decrease in the future.

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 単繊維強度１８ｇ／ｄ以上、引張り弾性
率５００ｇ／ｄ以上の超高強力高弾性繊維からなる破断
伸度が３０％以上である布帛Ａの比率が２０ｗｔ（％）
以上９０ｗｔ（％）以下であり、且つ単繊維強度が１８
ｇ／ｄ以上、引張り弾性率が５００ｇ／ｄ以上の超高強
力高弾性繊維からなる破断伸度が３０％未満である布帛
Ｂの比率が１０ｗｔ（％）以上８０ｗｔ（％）以下であ
る構成からなることを特徴とする防護衣。1. The proportion of the fabric A having a breaking elongation of 30% or more made of ultra-high-strength and high-elasticity fibers having a single fiber strength of 18 g / d or more and a tensile modulus of 500 g / d or more is 20 wt (%).
90 wt% or less and the single fiber strength is 18
g / d or more and a tensile elastic modulus of 500 g / d or more, and a composition having a ratio of the fabric B having an elongation at break of less than 30% of less than 30% of 10% (%) or more and 80% (wt) or less Protective clothing characterized by becoming. 【請求項２】 単繊維強度１８ｇ／ｄ以上、引張り弾性
率５００ｇ／ｄ以上の超高強力高弾性繊維からなる破断
伸度が３０％以上である布帛Ｂの防護衣の裏面（身体に
直接接する面）に配置される比率が布帛Ｂ全体の重量の
５０ｗｔ（％）以上であることを特徴とする請求項１記
載の防護衣。2. The back surface of the protective garment of the cloth B (having a single fiber strength of 18 g / d or more and a tensile elastic modulus of 500 g / d or more and a breaking elongation of 30% or more, which is made of ultra-high-strength and high-elasticity fiber, directly contacting the body. The protective garment according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the fabric (B) is 50 wt% or more of the weight of the entire fabric B. 【請求項３】 請求項１記載の布帛Ａが編物又は不織布
であり、布帛Ｂが織物であることを特徴とする請求項１
記載の防護衣。3. The cloth A according to claim 1 is a knitted or non-woven fabric, and the cloth B is a woven fabric.
Stated protective clothing. 【請求項４】 請求項３記載の布帛Ａの空隙率が７５〜
９８％、布帛Ｂの空隙率が３５〜７５％であることを特
徴とする請求項３記載の防護衣。4. The fabric A according to claim 3 has a porosity of 75 to 75.
The protective garment according to claim 3, wherein 98% and the porosity of the cloth B are 35 to 75%.