JPH07216456A - Method for quenching/cooling of tubular member and device therefor - Google Patents
Method for quenching/cooling of tubular member and device thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07216456A JPH07216456A JP6030857A JP3085794A JPH07216456A JP H07216456 A JPH07216456 A JP H07216456A JP 6030857 A JP6030857 A JP 6030857A JP 3085794 A JP3085794 A JP 3085794A JP H07216456 A JPH07216456 A JP H07216456A
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- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- quenching
- tubular member
- force
- hardened
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Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は管状部材すなわち中空円
筒体や中空の異形の管の焼入れ冷却方法および装置にか
かわり、特に薄肉で焼入れ変形防止とのための拘束が従
来困難であったものに好適な方法および装置を提供する
ものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a quenching and cooling method and apparatus for a tubular member, that is, a hollow cylindrical body or a hollow irregularly shaped tube, and is particularly thin and difficult to restrain for quenching deformation. It provides a suitable method and apparatus.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】肉厚が３ｍｍといった薄肉の中空円筒体
などの管状部材を焼入れ冷却する場合、極めて曲がりが
発生しやすい上、直径が変化するという問題もある。焼
入れ歪を防止する手段としては材料に拘束を加えつつ冷
却する方法が知られれいるが、薄肉であるがゆえに拘束
力を加えようとしても押さえた部分が凹んでしまった
り、材料の径方法の拘束力のため長さ方向に材料寸法が
延びてしまうなどの問題があった。2. Description of the Related Art When quenching and cooling a tubular member such as a thin hollow cylinder having a wall thickness of 3 mm, there is a problem that bending is extremely likely to occur and the diameter changes. As a means to prevent quenching distortion, it is known to cool the material while restraining it, but because it is thin, the pressed part gets depressed even if you try to apply restraining force, or the constraint of the diameter method of the material There was a problem that the material dimension was extended in the length direction due to the force.
【０００３】本発明が対象としている薄肉管状部材を焼
入れるための従来の技術として特開昭５７−１９２２２
１号公報のものがある。この方法は管状部材を加熱およ
び冷却の両工程を通じてその両端面を回転可能かつ軸方
向に膨張収縮可能に支持し、管状部材に長さ方向に飛び
飛びに接した回転円盤群を直交する２方向より被焼入れ
材に当てることにより曲がりを防止すると共に冷却速度
の調整により寸法変化を防止するものである。しかしこ
の方法は回転円盤が管状部材の長さ方向に対して飛び飛
びに接触するため押しつけ力を十分に制御しないと管状
部材の直径が部分的にくびれるおそれがある。As a conventional technique for quenching a thin-walled tubular member which is the object of the present invention, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-19222.
There is one disclosed in No. 1. This method supports both ends of a tubular member so that it can be rotated and expanded and contracted in the axial direction through both heating and cooling steps, and a rotating disk group that is in contact with the tubular member in a longitudinal direction is contacted from two directions orthogonal to each other. By applying it to the material to be hardened, bending is prevented, and dimensional change is prevented by adjusting the cooling rate. However, in this method, since the rotating disk comes into contact with the lengthwise direction of the tubular member in a scattered manner, the diameter of the tubular member may be partially constricted unless the pressing force is sufficiently controlled.
【０００４】また特開昭５４−６７５０４号公報には丸
棒材をこれに沿った長さの３本のロールの間に挟んで回
転させつつ冷却する方法が示されている。しかしこの方
法を薄肉の管に適用すると曲がりを生じないための通常
のロールの押さえ力では管の径が減少し長さが伸びると
いう現象が生ずる。Further, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 54-67504 discloses a method of cooling a round bar material by sandwiching it between three rolls having a length along the same and rotating the bar material. However, when this method is applied to a thin-walled tube, a phenomenon occurs in which the diameter of the tube is reduced and the length is extended by the usual pressing force of the rolls, which does not cause bending.
【０００５】また棒材の側面にラックギアが形成されて
いるような異形の棒材においては上記のような回転させ
つつ冷却する方法は不可能であるから焼入れ歪を防止す
る方法として従来からプレスクエンチが行なわれてい
る。この方法は所定の焼入れ温度に加熱された被焼入れ
材の全体または一部分を所定の形状の凹部を有する金型
に入れて加圧しつつ冷却液の槽に入れるなどの方法で冷
却するものである。近年自動車等の軽量化のため前記ラ
ックギアを形成した棒材なども中空にして管状部材とす
ることがあるが、このような場合上記のプレスクエンチ
では加圧力により管がつぶれてしまうおそれがある。Further, in the case of a deformed bar material in which a rack gear is formed on the side surface of the bar material, the method of cooling while rotating as described above is not possible, so press quenching has been conventionally used as a method of preventing quenching distortion. Is being carried out. In this method, the whole or a part of the material to be quenched, which has been heated to a predetermined quenching temperature, is put into a mold having a recess having a predetermined shape, and is pressurized while being put into a tank of a cooling liquid. In recent years, in order to reduce the weight of automobiles and the like, rods and the like on which the rack gear is formed may be hollow to form a tubular member. In such a case, the press quench may cause the pipe to be crushed due to the pressing force.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は管状部材にお
いて冷却時の歪発生を防止するため拘束焼入れする場合
に、管のつぶれや直径の変化などが生じないようにする
ことを課題とする。全体が平行部である管材のみなら
ず、側面の一部分が平面になったりしている異形の管状
部材も被焼入れ材として適用可能な方法および装置であ
る必要がある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to prevent the tube from being crushed or changing its diameter when restrained and hardened in order to prevent the occurrence of strain during cooling of the tubular member. It is necessary for the method and apparatus to be applicable as a material to be hardened, as well as a tubular material having a parallel portion as a whole, and also a deformed tubular member having a part of its side surface made flat.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は前記課題を解決
するものであって、管状部材を焼入れ冷却する方法にお
いて、被焼入れ材の冷却過程の温度低下に伴なう弾性限
応力の増大に対応して冷却開始から終了まで拘束力を増
大させつつ加えることにより、焼入れ変形を防止するこ
とを特徴とする管状部材の焼入れ冷却方法である。また
ここにおいて、被焼入れ材の各温度における弾性限応力
の２０％を越えない範囲内の拘束力を加えることも特徴
とする。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is to solve the above problems, and in a method for quenching and cooling a tubular member, to increase the elastic limit stress accompanying the temperature decrease in the cooling process of the material to be quenched. Correspondingly, it is a quenching and cooling method for a tubular member, characterized in that quenching deformation is prevented by applying while restraining force is increased from the start to the end of cooling. Further, it is characterized in that a constraining force within a range not exceeding 20% of the elastic limit stress at each temperature of the hardened material is applied.
【０００８】また前記管状部材の冷却方法において、冷
却過程における被焼入れ材の温度低下と時間との関係を
あらかじめ求めておき、拘束力の弾性限応力に対する比
率を一定の範囲内に維持するように冷却の経過時間に依
存して前記拘束力を変えること、または冷却過程におけ
る被焼入れ材の温度を実測し、拘束力の弾性限応力に対
する比率を一定範囲内に維持するように前記冷却過程に
おける被焼入れ材の温度に依存して前記拘束力を変える
ことを特徴とする方法である。In the cooling method for the tubular member, the relationship between the temperature decrease of the material to be hardened and the time during the cooling process is previously obtained, and the ratio of the restraining force to the elastic limit stress is maintained within a certain range. Changing the restraining force depending on the elapsed time of cooling, or measuring the temperature of the hardened material in the cooling process, and keeping the ratio of the restraining force to the elastic limit stress within a certain range It is a method characterized in that the restraining force is changed depending on the temperature of the hardened material.
【０００９】また管状部材である被焼入れ材を焼入れ冷
却する装置において、被焼入れ材の円周位置の３箇所以
上において長さ方向に連続的または部分的に接触しつつ
回転する複数の加圧ロールと、冷却剤を被焼入れ材に供
給する冷却手段とを有し、前記加圧ロールのうち少なく
とも円周位置の１箇所のものには被焼入れ材に対する加
圧手段が設けられ、焼入れ冷却中において加圧力設定入
力を変化させることにより前記加圧手段の加圧力を調節
する加圧力制御手段が設けられていることを特徴とする
管状部材の焼入れ冷却装置である。Further, in an apparatus for quenching and cooling a material to be hardened, which is a tubular member, a plurality of pressure rolls that rotate while continuously or partially contacting in the longitudinal direction at three or more circumferential positions of the material to be hardened. And a cooling means for supplying a cooling agent to the material to be quenched, and at least one of the pressure rolls at the circumferential position is provided with a pressing means for the material to be quenched, and during quenching cooling The quenching and cooling device for a tubular member is characterized in that a quenching cooling device for a tubular member is provided, which is provided with a pushing force control means for adjusting the pushing force of the pressurizing means by changing a pushing force setting input.
【００１０】またさらに、管状部材である被焼入れ材を
焼入れ冷却する装置において、複数に分割される一式の
金型を有し、前記金型の内面は複数の凸部と金型の外部
あるいは隣接する凹部と連通した凹部とにより構成さ
れ、前記一式の金型を構成する少なくとも１つの型の前
記凹部の１箇所以上には冷却材噴出口が設けられ、前記
一式の金型は加圧手段に取り付けられ、焼入れ冷却中に
おいて加圧力設定入力を変化させることにより前記加圧
手段の加圧力を調節する加圧力制御手段が設けられてい
ることを特徴とする管状部材の焼入れ冷却装置である。Furthermore, in an apparatus for quenching and cooling a material to be hardened, which is a tubular member, the apparatus has a set of dies divided into a plurality of pieces, and the inner surface of the die has a plurality of convex portions and the outside or adjacent to the dies. And a recess communicating with the recess, and at least one of the recesses of at least one mold forming the set of molds is provided with a coolant outlet, and the set of molds serves as a pressurizing means. A quenching / cooling device for a tubular member, wherein the quenching / cooling device for a tubular member is provided, which is provided with a pressing force control means for adjusting a pressing force of the pressurizing means by changing a pressing force setting input during quenching and cooling.
【００１１】また上記各管状部材の焼入れ冷却装置にお
いて、焼入れ冷却開始からの経過時間に依存して変化す
る加圧力設定値を与える加圧力設定入力信号発生装置が
さらに設けられていること、被焼入れ材の焼入れ冷却中
の温度を測定する温度計と前記温度計の測定値に依存し
て変化する加圧力設定値を与える加圧力設定入力信号発
生装置とがさらに設けられていることも特徴とする。Further, the quenching / cooling device for each tubular member is further provided with a pressing force setting input signal generating device for giving a pressing force setting value which changes depending on the elapsed time from the start of quenching and cooling. It is also characterized in that a thermometer for measuring the temperature during quenching and cooling of the material and a pressing force setting input signal generator for giving a pressing force set value which changes depending on the measured value of the thermometer are further provided. .
【００１２】[0012]
【作用】本発明においては焼入れ冷却時における拘束力
を、被焼入れ材の温度変化による弾性限応力の変化に対
応して変化させる。これにより従来のプレスクエンチな
どで用いられていたのよりはるかに小さい拘束力で材料
の焼入れ変形を防止することができ、管状部材において
も拘束力によるつぶれを生ずることがない。材料の弾性
限応力は温度により著しく変化する。図２はその例を示
すが、温度上昇と共に低下し、８００℃位になると著し
く低くなる。一方焼入れの冷却過程では再び弾性限応力
は大きくなるが、焼入れ硬化により加熱時の同じ温度に
おける値よりより大きくなっている。そこで本発明にお
いては被焼入れ材の冷却過程の温度低下に伴なう弾性限
応力の増大に対応して冷却開始から終了まで拘束力を増
大させつつ加え、拘束力を常に弾性限応力内に維持しつ
つ冷却を行なう。これにより材料のつぶれを防止しつつ
冷却による材料強度の増加に見合った有効な拘束力を与
えることができ、焼入れ変形を防止できる。これがため
負荷係数＝負荷応力／弾性限応力という数値を導入し、
この値を温度にかかわらず一定に維持しつつ焼入れを行
なうものである。In the present invention, the restraining force during quenching and cooling is changed in accordance with the change of elastic limit stress due to the temperature change of the material to be quenched. As a result, quenching deformation of the material can be prevented with a much smaller restraint force than that used in the conventional press quench and the like, and crushing due to the restraint force does not occur even in the tubular member. The elastic limit stress of a material changes significantly with temperature. FIG. 2 shows an example thereof, which decreases with an increase in temperature and becomes extremely low at around 800 ° C. On the other hand, in the cooling process of quenching, the elastic limit stress increases again, but it becomes larger than the value at the same temperature during heating due to quench hardening. Therefore, in the present invention, the restraint force is added while increasing the restraint force from the start to the end of cooling in response to the increase of the elastic limit stress accompanying the temperature decrease in the cooling process of the hardened material, and the restraint force is always maintained within the elastic limit stress. While cooling. As a result, it is possible to prevent the material from being crushed and to provide an effective restraining force corresponding to the increase in the strength of the material due to cooling, and to prevent quenching deformation. For this reason, we introduced the value of load factor = load stress / elastic limit stress,
Quenching is performed while keeping this value constant regardless of the temperature.
【００１３】図１は薄肉鋼管の焼入れ冷却時においてロ
ールにより拘束したときの負荷係数と曲がりおよび外径
変化率の関係を示すグラフである。曲がりは拘束を加え
ない負荷係数がゼロのときは大きいが拘束力を加えると
低下し、さらに拘束力を加え負荷係数が大になるにした
がって徐々に増加する。一方外径変化率は負荷係数が小
さいときはあまり変わらないが負荷係数がある値を越え
ると急激に増加する。これは材料が加圧ロールの間で押
されて細くなるためである。このため図１でみるように
被焼入れ材の各温度における弾性限応力の２０％を越え
ない範囲の拘束力に止めるのがよい。FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the load coefficient and the bending and outer diameter change rate when restrained by a roll during quenching and cooling of a thin steel pipe. The bend is large when the load coefficient without constraint is zero, but decreases when the constraint force is applied, and gradually increases as the load coefficient increases with the constraint force added. On the other hand, the outer diameter change rate does not change much when the load coefficient is small, but increases rapidly when the load coefficient exceeds a certain value. This is because the material is pressed between the pressure rolls and becomes thinner. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, it is preferable to limit the binding force to a range that does not exceed 20% of the elastic limit stress at each temperature of the material to be hardened.
【００１４】上記の負荷係数（＝負荷応力／弾性限応
力）を求める方法であるが、管状体を上下から圧縮して
残留変形が生じ始める力を実測して求めることができ
る。また資料などにある弾性限応力の値から計算で求め
ることもできる。これは管を圧縮したときの最大応力が
弾性限界になる印加力を求めればよい。The above load coefficient (= load stress / elastic limit stress) is obtained, but it can be obtained by compressing the tubular body from above and below and actually measuring the force at which residual deformation begins to occur. It can also be calculated from the value of elastic limit stress in the materials. For this, the applied force at which the maximum stress when the tube is compressed reaches the elastic limit may be obtained.
【００１５】すなわち図４は（ａ）が管の断面図で、
（ｂ）はその長さ方向の一部分の断面図であるが、管の
円周の任意の部分における（ｂ）で示した断面に軸力
Ｎ、曲げモーメントＭが加わっているとする。このとき
図４（ｂ）における管の単位長さ当りの断面積Ａ、断面
の中心線までの管の半径Ｒとすると、断面の中心線から
の距離ｙ（管の外側へ＋、内側へ−とする）における応
力σは曲り梁の一般式である数１で与えられる。That is, FIG. 4A is a sectional view of the pipe,
(B) is a cross-sectional view of a part in the length direction, but it is assumed that an axial force N and a bending moment M are applied to the cross section shown in (b) at an arbitrary part of the circumference of the pipe. At this time, assuming that the cross-sectional area A per unit length of the pipe in FIG. 4B and the radius R of the pipe to the center line of the cross section are distances y from the center line of the cross section (+ to the outside of the pipe, − to the inside). The stress σ in (1) is given by Equation 1 which is a general formula for curved beams.
【００１６】[0016]
【数１】 [Equation 1]
【００１７】ただしκは曲り梁の断面係数であり、厚さ
２ｈの長方形断面においては数２で与えられる。However, κ is a section modulus of the curved beam, and is given by the equation 2 in a rectangular section having a thickness of 2h.
【００１８】[0018]
【数２】 [Equation 2]
【００１９】ここで図４（ａ）に示すように管の単位長
さ当りＰの力で上下に圧縮力を加えるとすると、最大応
力が現われる断面は明らかに力Ｐが加わった場所の断面
になる。ここでは軸力Ｎはゼロであり、曲げモーメント
Ｍはたわみにおいて円筒の対称性からこのＰを加えた部
分、およびこれと９０度離れた部分では断面の中心線に
対する傾きが不変であるという条件により、Ｍ＝ＰＲ／
｛π（１＋κ）｝と求められる。これを数１に代入して
圧縮力Ｐが加わっている断面での応力σ0 は数３で与え
られる。If a compressive force is applied vertically with a force of P per unit length of the pipe as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the cross section where the maximum stress appears is clearly the cross section at the place where the force P is applied. Become. Here, the axial force N is zero, and the bending moment M is invariable under the condition that the inclination with respect to the center line of the cross section is invariant in the portion to which this P is added due to the symmetry of the cylinder in deflection and the portion 90 degrees away from this. , M = PR /
It is calculated as {π (1 + κ)}. Substituting this into the equation 1 , the stress σ 0 in the cross section to which the compressive force P is applied is given by the equation 3.
【００２０】[0020]
【数３】 [Equation 3]
【００２１】ただしＰは圧縮力として負にとる。断面の
中で最大応力が現われるのはｙの正負の最大値（±
ｈ）、すなわち管の内外面であるが、この場合ｙが負す
なわち管の内面の引張応力が、ｙが正すなわち管の外面
の圧縮応力より大になる。しかしその程度は管の径２Ｒ
に比して肉厚２ｈが小さければさ程は違わない。However, P is a negative compression force. The maximum stress appears in the cross section when the maximum positive and negative values of y (±
h), the inner and outer surfaces of the tube, where y is negative, ie the tensile stress on the inner surface of the tube is greater than y, ie the compressive stress on the outer surface of the tube. However, the degree is 2R
If the wall thickness 2h is smaller than that, it is not so different.
【００２２】図３は負荷係数を一定とした場合における
温度と上記した拘束力との関係を示すグラフである。焼
入れの冷却時間の例も温度とあわせ示してある。このよ
うに負荷係数を一定にするためには焼入れの冷却開始か
ら弾性限応力に比例するように拘束力を順次増加するこ
とになる。実際の焼入れ作業において拘束力を変化させ
るためには冷却途中の温度の変化を把握する必要があ
る。これには前記の図３で示したように被焼入れ材の温
度低下と時間との関係をあらかじめ求めておき、これに
よって負荷係数を一定範囲内に維持するように冷却の経
過時間に依存して拘束力を変化させればよい。このあら
かじめ温度低下と時間の関係を調べる方法としてはたと
えば熱電対を被焼入れ材に直接取りつけて焼入れを行な
えばよい。FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature and the above constraint force when the load coefficient is constant. An example of the quenching cooling time is also shown together with the temperature. In this way, in order to make the load coefficient constant, the restraining force is sequentially increased in proportion to the elastic limit stress from the start of quenching cooling. In order to change the restraint force in the actual quenching work, it is necessary to grasp the change in temperature during cooling. As shown in FIG. 3, the relationship between the temperature drop of the material to be hardened and the time is obtained in advance, so that the load coefficient is maintained within a certain range depending on the elapsed time of cooling. You can change the binding force. As a method of previously investigating the relationship between the temperature decrease and the time, for example, a thermocouple may be directly attached to the material to be hardened for hardening.
【００２３】本発明の管状部材の焼入れ冷却方法は同一
の形状の部材を大量に処理するのが目的であるから多く
の場合上記のようにあらかじめ温度の時間推移を測定し
ておくことで十分である。しかし個々の材料の温度を放
射温度計などで実測しながら、そのときの温度に依存し
て拘束力を変えるようにすればより確実である。この方
法ではたとえば焼入れ加熱温度や冷却条件を材質上の理
由などで変更した場合でもすぐに対処できる点で好まし
い。Since the method for quenching and cooling the tubular member of the present invention is intended to process a large number of members having the same shape, in many cases it is sufficient to measure the temperature change with time in advance as described above. is there. However, it is more certain to measure the temperature of each material with a radiation thermometer and change the binding force depending on the temperature at that time. This method is preferable in that it can be immediately dealt with even when the quenching heating temperature and the cooling conditions are changed for reasons of the material.
【００２４】本発明の焼入れ冷却方法を実施するための
装置としては単純な管の場合には、この被焼入れ材の円
周位置の３箇所以上で接触しつつ回転する複数の加圧ロ
ールを設け、これにより回転させつつ拘束力を加えると
よい。この状態で冷却水噴射ノズルなどの冷却手段によ
り冷却を行なう。図５はこのような焼入れ冷却装置の例
を示す正面図である。１は被焼入れ材で、図示しない加
熱装置で焼入れ温度に加熱された後この装置に送り込ま
れる。２、３、４、５は加圧ロールであり、被熱処理材
の長さ以上の長さを有する単純な円筒状であるか、また
は部分的に接触するような長さ方向に断続した外周面を
有するものでもよい。部分的に接触する外周面を有する
ものは被焼入れ材に吹き付けた冷却水の流通は良くなる
が、被焼入れ材との接触面積が減少した分だけ加圧力は
低減する必要がある。これら加圧ロールのうち符号５の
ものはモータ８により回転駆動され、他のものは自由回
転できるようになっている。In the case of a simple tube as an apparatus for carrying out the quenching and cooling method of the present invention, a plurality of pressure rolls that rotate while contacting at three or more circumferential positions of the material to be quenched are provided. Therefore, it is preferable to apply the restraining force while rotating. In this state, cooling is performed by cooling means such as a cooling water injection nozzle. FIG. 5 is a front view showing an example of such a quenching cooling device. Reference numeral 1 denotes a material to be quenched, which is heated to a quenching temperature by a heating device (not shown) and then fed into this device. Reference numerals 2, 3, 4, and 5 are pressure rolls, which have a simple cylindrical shape having a length equal to or greater than the length of the material to be heat-treated, or an outer peripheral surface which is intermittently contacted in the length direction so as to partially contact with the material. May be included. A material having an outer peripheral surface that partially contacts improves the circulation of the cooling water sprayed on the material to be hardened, but the pressing force needs to be reduced by the amount that the contact area with the material to be hardened is reduced. Among these pressure rolls, the one having the reference numeral 5 is rotationally driven by the motor 8 and the other rolls can freely rotate.
【００２５】一方、加圧ロール２、３は油圧シリンダ６
により進退できるようになっている。そして焼入れによ
る温度低下に伴なう弾性限応力の増大に対応して加圧力
を増大させつつ被焼入れ材に押し付ける。加圧力は油圧
シリンダに供給する作動油の圧力を調節することにより
調節できる。したがって焼入れ開始から経過時間に応じ
て加圧力設定値を与える加圧力設定入力信号発生装置９
により油圧の圧力調整弁１０を作動させればよい。また
図示しない放射温度計などで被焼入れ材の焼入れ冷却中
の温度を実測し、これにもとづき加圧力設定値を与える
加圧力設定入力信号発生装置を設けてもよい。なお図中
７は水の噴射ノズルである。On the other hand, the pressure rolls 2 and 3 are hydraulic cylinders 6.
You can move back and forth. Then, the material is pressed against the material to be hardened while increasing the pressing force in response to the increase in the elastic limit stress accompanying the temperature decrease due to quenching. The applied pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic oil supplied to the hydraulic cylinder. Therefore, the pressing force setting input signal generator 9 which gives the pressing force setting value according to the elapsed time from the start of quenching
Then, the hydraulic pressure adjusting valve 10 may be operated. Further, it is possible to provide a pressing force setting input signal generator which measures the temperature of the material to be quenched during quenching and cooling with a radiation thermometer (not shown) and gives a pressing force setting value based on the measured temperature. In the figure, 7 is a water injection nozzle.
【００２６】図５に示した冷却装置はこの形のものに限
定されるものでなく、加圧ロールは図５では４本あるが
被焼入れ材の円周位置の３箇所以上において接触するも
のであればよい。また加圧ロールが進退するのは図５で
は２本一緒に行なわれるようになっているが、少なくと
も１本の加圧ロールが進退できるようになっていればよ
い。また加圧のための進退機構は油圧シリンダの他に空
圧シリンダも使用でき、また停止状態で必要な力を発生
することのできるモータを使用した電動シリンダも使用
できる。The cooling device shown in FIG. 5 is not limited to this type, and although there are four pressure rolls in FIG. 5, they contact at three or more circumferential positions of the material to be hardened. I wish I had it. In FIG. 5, the two pressure rolls are moved back and forth together, but at least one pressure roll can be moved back and forth. In addition to the hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder can be used as the advancing / retreating mechanism for pressurization, and an electric cylinder using a motor that can generate a necessary force in a stopped state can also be used.
【００２７】また加圧手段において加圧力設定入力によ
り油圧シリンダ等を動作させる方法は加圧機構の一部分
にロードセルを取りつけて実測した加圧力にもとづいて
もできる。すなわちこれと設定値との差によるフィード
バック制御により油圧力や電動シリンダのモータ電圧を
調節するようにすればより高精度の制御ができる。また
冷却手段は図５のような噴射ノズルに限らず装置の下部
を冷却水槽に入れるなどの手段もとれる。Further, the method of operating the hydraulic cylinder or the like by the pressing force setting input in the pressurizing means can also be based on the pressing force actually measured by attaching the load cell to a part of the pressing mechanism. That is, if the hydraulic pressure or the motor voltage of the electric cylinder is adjusted by feedback control based on the difference between this and the set value, more precise control can be performed. Further, the cooling means is not limited to the injection nozzle as shown in FIG. 5, but the lower part of the device may be put in a cooling water tank.
【００２８】また単純な円筒でない異形部材については
図５に示した被焼入れ材を回転させる装置は使用できな
いので図６に示す装置を使用する。図６では被焼入れ材
１は円筒の側面にラックが設けられているものであり、
図中１４は紙面に垂直に並んだラックの歯の１つを示し
ている。この装置は上型１１と下型１２とを有し、後に
図７で示すように油圧プレスなどの加圧手段に取り付け
られている。金型の内側は通常被焼入れ材の形状にほぼ
一致した先端位置をもつ凸部１３を有する。凸部は図６
において紙面と垂直方向に連続したものであるか、また
は断続的に配置されている。また金型の内側にはこれら
凸部の間に凹部１５を有し、ここに冷却液噴出口１６が
配置されている。したがって凹部は焼入れ液の流通が円
滑に行なわれるよう金型の外部と連通して焼入れ液を排
出するか、隣接する凹部へ連通し、これらを経由して冷
却液を排出するようになっている。冷却液噴出口は少な
くとも１つの型の１箇所にあればよいが、これの配置に
より冷却速度を適宜変えられる。図中１７は冷却液供給
室であり、図示しない配管に接続されている。For a deformed member that is not a simple cylinder, the device for rotating the hardened material shown in FIG. 5 cannot be used, so the device shown in FIG. 6 is used. In FIG. 6, the hardened material 1 has a rack provided on the side surface of the cylinder,
Reference numeral 14 in the drawing denotes one of rack teeth arranged perpendicularly to the paper surface. This device has an upper mold 11 and a lower mold 12, and is attached to a pressurizing means such as a hydraulic press later as shown in FIG. The inner side of the mold usually has a convex portion 13 having a tip position that substantially matches the shape of the material to be hardened. Figure 6
In the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, or arranged intermittently. Further, a concave portion 15 is provided between these convex portions inside the mold, and a cooling liquid jetting port 16 is arranged therein. Therefore, the recess is designed to communicate with the outside of the mold to discharge the quenching liquid so that the quenching liquid can flow smoothly, or to communicate with the adjacent recesses and discharge the cooling liquid via these. . The cooling liquid ejection port may be provided at one location of at least one mold, but the cooling rate can be appropriately changed by the arrangement thereof. Reference numeral 17 in the drawing denotes a cooling liquid supply chamber, which is connected to a pipe (not shown).
【００２９】図６の装置において被焼入れ材を加圧する
ときの加圧力の制御の方法は先に図５について述べたの
と同様で、加圧手段が油圧プレスであれば油圧シリンダ
を図５の装置と同様に制御すればよい。なお被焼入れ材
に加圧力を与えるには上下の型が完全に閉じて型当り面
１８が接触してしまう状態にならないようにすることは
当然である。材料は熱膨張の影響で焼入れ温度から常温
までの間に１％程度収縮するからこれを考慮に入れて型
の寸法を定めなければならない。図６においては一式の
金型が上型と下型とに２分割されている例を示したが、
たとえば３分割など分割数を増やし多方向から加圧でき
るようにすることは加圧力の加わる方向が均等化できる
ために好ましい。The method of controlling the pressing force when pressurizing the material to be hardened in the apparatus shown in FIG. 6 is the same as that described above with reference to FIG. It may be controlled in the same manner as the device. In addition, in order to apply a pressing force to the material to be hardened, it is natural that the upper and lower molds are not completely closed and the mold contact surfaces 18 are not in contact with each other. The material shrinks by about 1% between the quenching temperature and room temperature due to the effect of thermal expansion, so the dimensions of the mold must be determined in consideration of this. Although FIG. 6 shows an example in which a set of molds is divided into an upper mold and a lower mold,
For example, it is preferable to increase the number of divisions such as three divisions so that pressure can be applied from multiple directions because the directions in which the pressing force is applied can be equalized.
【００３０】本発明の管状部材の焼入れ冷却装置は誘導
加熱装置などの加熱装置と組合せて配置される。図７は
本発明の装置のうち図６に示した装置を誘導加熱装置と
組み合わせた例である。図中２３は誘導加熱装置であっ
て、２０は油圧プレスであり図６で示した上型１１、下
型１２が取り付けられている。２１は上型１１を上下す
るための油圧シリンダで２２はこれにより駆動されるピ
ストンロッドであり、それぞれ４本ずつある（２本は図
において重なった位置にある）。The quenching and cooling device for a tubular member of the present invention is arranged in combination with a heating device such as an induction heating device. FIG. 7 shows an example in which the apparatus shown in FIG. 6 of the apparatus of the present invention is combined with an induction heating apparatus. In the figure, 23 is an induction heating device, 20 is a hydraulic press, and the upper mold 11 and the lower mold 12 shown in FIG. 6 are attached thereto. Reference numeral 21 denotes a hydraulic cylinder for moving the upper die 11 up and down, and 22 denotes piston rods driven by the hydraulic cylinder, each of which has four rods (two rods are in an overlapping position in the drawing).
【００３１】被焼入れ材１はローラによる送り装置２
４、２５で送られて加熱、焼入れの位置に移動される。
また被熱処理材の一端または両端に長さを継ぎ足す形で
継ぎ棒を接続しておけば加熱、焼入れにおける材料の移
動はさらに容易になり円滑な作業ができる。図中２７、
２８は継ぎ棒であり、２９、３０はこれの継ぎ目であ
る。なおさらに図５に示した装置を図７の配置につけ加
えたり、図５の装置と誘導加熱装置との組合せなども可
能なことは当然である。The material to be hardened 1 is a feeding device 2 using rollers.
It is sent by 4 and 25 and moved to the position of heating and hardening.
Further, if a connecting rod is connected to one end or both ends of the material to be heat-treated in such a manner that the length is added, the movement of the material during heating and quenching is further facilitated and smooth work can be performed. 27 in the figure,
28 is a connecting rod, and 29 and 30 are the joints of this. Of course, the device shown in FIG. 5 can be added to the arrangement shown in FIG. 7, and the device shown in FIG. 5 can be combined with the induction heating device.
【００３２】[0032]
【実施例】直径２５ｍｍ、肉厚３ｍｍ、長さ１０００ｍ
ｍの材質Ｓ３５Ｃ相当の管状部材を９５０℃に加熱し図
５に示した焼入れ冷却装置によって加圧方法を変えて焼
入れを行ない、曲がりと外径変化率を求めた。なお曲が
りの測定は両端をナイフエッジで支えて回転しつつ中間
位置での振れ幅をダイヤルゲージで測定したもので、管
が扁平になった分も曲がりとして測定される。表１はこ
のときの冷却時の拘束方法と曲がりおよび外径変化率を
示したものである。Example: Diameter 25 mm, wall thickness 3 mm, length 1000 m
A tubular member corresponding to the material S35C of m was heated to 950 ° C. and quenched by changing the pressurizing method by the quenching cooling device shown in FIG. 5 to determine the bending and outer diameter change rate. The bend is measured by using a dial gauge to measure the swing width at an intermediate position while rotating while supporting both ends with knife edges. The flat portion of the pipe is also measured as bend. Table 1 shows the restraint method at the time of cooling and the bending and outer diameter change rate.
【００３３】[0033]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００３４】この実施例においてはあらかじめ求めてお
いた冷却時間経過による温度変化により、温度低下に伴
う弾性限応力の増加に比例して加圧力を増大した。加圧
力と弾性限応力との比率である負荷係数０．１位が曲が
り、外径変化率とも小さく好ましいことがわかる。In this example, the pressure change was increased in advance in proportion to the increase of the elastic limit stress accompanying the temperature decrease due to the temperature change with the elapse of the cooling time which was obtained in advance. It can be seen that the load factor of 0.1, which is the ratio of the applied pressure to the elastic limit stress, bends and the outer diameter change rate is small, which is preferable.
【００３５】[0035]
【発明の効果】本発明の管状部材の焼入れ冷却方法によ
れば被焼入れ材の変形防止のため拘束を与えるに当って
材料が高温で弾性限応力が小さいときには拘束力を小さ
く、低温になり弾性限応力が大になるに従って拘束力を
大にするので、管のつぶれや外径が細くなるなどの問題
がなく効果的に変形防止を達成できる。また本発明の装
置により単純な管や管の側面にラックが設けられている
ような異形部材、またこれらの形状が複合した管状部材
の焼入れに対処できる。According to the quenching and cooling method for a tubular member of the present invention, when the material to be hardened is constrained to prevent deformation, when the material is at high temperature and the elastic limit stress is small, the constraining force is small and the temperature becomes low, resulting in elasticity. Since the restraining force increases as the limiting stress increases, deformation prevention can be effectively achieved without problems such as crushing of the pipe and thinning of the outer diameter. Further, the apparatus of the present invention can cope with quenching of a simple pipe or a deformed member having a rack on the side surface of the pipe, or a tubular member having a combination of these shapes.
【図１】薄肉管の焼入れ冷却時における拘束の負荷係数
と曲がりおよび外径変化率の関係を示すグラフFIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the constraint load factor and the bending and outer diameter change rate during quenching and cooling of thin-walled pipes.
【図２】鋼材の加熱、焼入れ時の温度変化による弾性限
応力の変化を示すグラフFIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in elastic limit stress due to temperature changes during heating and quenching of steel materials.
【図３】負荷係数を一定としたときの温度と拘束力との
関係を示すグラフFIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature and the binding force when the load coefficient is constant.
【図４】弾性限応力と拘束力との関係の計算を説明する
（ａ）管の断面図と、（ｂ）その長さ方向の一部分の断
面図FIG. 4A is a sectional view of a pipe and FIG. 4B is a sectional view of a part of the lengthwise direction for explaining the calculation of the relationship between the elastic limit stress and the restraining force.
【図５】本発明の装置の例を示す図FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the device of the present invention.
【図６】本発明の装置の例を示す図FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the device of the present invention.
【図７】本発明の装置と加熱装置とを組み合わせた配置
の例を示す図FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of arrangement in which the device of the present invention and a heating device are combined.
１ 被焼入れ材 ２、３、４、５ 加圧ロール ６ 油圧シリンダ ７ 噴射ノズル ８ モータ ９ 加圧力設定入力装置 １０ 圧力調節弁 １１ 上型 １２ 下型 １３ 凸部 １４ ラックの歯 １５ 凹部 １６ 冷却液噴出口 １７ 冷却液供給室 １８ 型当り面 ２０ 油圧プレス ２１ 油圧シリンダ ２２ ピストンロッド ２３ 誘導加熱装置 ２４、２５ 送り装置 ２７、２８ 継ぎ棒 ２９、３０ 継ぎ目 1 Hardened Material 2, 3, 4, 5 Pressurizing Roll 6 Hydraulic Cylinder 7 Injection Nozzle 8 Motor 9 Pressurizing Force Setting Input Device 10 Pressure Control Valve 11 Upper Die 12 Lower Die 13 Convex 14 Rack Teeth 15 Concave 16 Coolant Injection port 17 Coolant supply chamber 18 Mold contact surface 20 Hydraulic press 21 Hydraulic cylinder 22 Piston rod 23 Induction heating device 24, 25 Feed device 27, 28 Connecting rod 29, 30 Seam
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成６年３月１１日[Submission date] March 11, 1994
【手続補正１】[Procedure Amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】００１８[Correction target item name] 0018
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction content]
【００１８】[0018]
【数２】 [Equation 2]
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 加藤 淳一 神奈川県平塚市田村5893 高周波熱錬株式 会社湘南事業所内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Junichi Kato 5893 Tamura, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa High-frequency smelting stock company Shonan Works
Claims (8)
て、被焼入れ材の冷却過程の温度低下に伴なう弾性限応
力の増大に対応して冷却開始から終了まで拘束力を増大
させつつ加えることにより、焼入れ変形を防止すること
を特徴とする管状部材の焼入れ冷却方法。1. A method for quenching and cooling a tubular member, by applying a restraining force from the start to the end of cooling in response to an increase in elastic limit stress accompanying a temperature decrease in the cooling process of a material to be quenched. A quenching and cooling method for a tubular member, characterized by preventing quenching deformation.
の２０％を越えない範囲内の拘束力を加えることを特徴
とする請求項１記載の管状部材の焼入れ冷却方法。2. The quenching and cooling method for a tubular member according to claim 1, wherein a constraining force within a range not exceeding 20% of the elastic limit stress at each temperature of the material to be quenched is applied.
と時間との関係をあらかじめ求めておき、拘束力の弾性
限応力に対する比率を一定の範囲内に維持するように冷
却の経過時間に依存して前記拘束力を変えることを特徴
とする請求項１または２記載の管状部材の焼入れ冷却方
法。3. The relationship between the temperature decrease of the material to be hardened and the time during the cooling process is obtained in advance and is dependent on the elapsed time of cooling so as to maintain the ratio of the restraining force to the elastic limit stress within a certain range. The quenching and cooling method for a tubular member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the restraining force is changed by means of the above-mentioned method.
測し、拘束力の弾性限応力に対する比率を一定範囲内に
維持するように前記冷却過程における被焼入れ材の温度
に依存して前記拘束力を変えることを特徴とする請求項
１または２記載の管状部材の焼入れ冷却方法。4. The temperature of the material to be hardened in the cooling process is actually measured, and the binding force is dependent on the temperature of the material to be hardened in the cooling process so as to maintain the ratio of the binding force to the elastic limit stress within a certain range. The quenching and cooling method for a tubular member according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
する装置において、被焼入れ材の円周位置の３箇所以上
において長さ方向に連続的または部分的に接触しつつ回
転する複数の加圧ロールと、冷却材を被焼入れ材に供給
する冷却手段とを有し、前記加圧ロールのうち少なくと
も円周位置の１箇所のものには被焼入れ材に対する加圧
手段が設けられ、焼入れ冷却中において加圧力設定入力
を変化させることにより前記加圧手段の加圧力を調節す
る加圧力制御手段が設けられていることを特徴とする管
状部材の焼入れ冷却装置。5. An apparatus for quenching and cooling a material to be hardened, which is a tubular member, wherein a plurality of pressurizing members which rotate while continuously or partially contacting in the longitudinal direction at three or more circumferential positions of the material to be hardened. It has a roll and a cooling means for supplying a cooling material to the material to be hardened, and at least one of the pressure rolls at the circumferential position is provided with a pressing means for the material to be hardened to cool it during quenching and cooling. 2. A quenching and cooling device for a tubular member, characterized in that a quenching / cooling device for a tubular member is provided, which is provided with a biasing force control means for adjusting the biasing force of the pressurizing means by changing a pushing force setting input.
する装置において、複数に分割される一式の金型を有
し、前記金型の内面は複数の凸部と金型の外部あるいは
隣接する凹部と連通した凹部とにより構成され、前記一
式の金型を構成する少なくとも１つの型の前記凹部の１
箇所以上には冷却剤噴出口が設けられ、前記一式の金型
は加圧手段に取り付けられ、焼入れ冷却中において加圧
力設定入力を変化させることにより前記加圧手段の加圧
力を調節する加圧力制御手段が設けられていることを特
徴とする管状部材の焼入れ冷却装置。6. An apparatus for quenching and cooling a material to be quenched, which is a tubular member, has a set of dies divided into a plurality of pieces, and the inner surface of the die is provided with a plurality of convex portions and outside or adjacent to the dies. One of the recesses of at least one mold, which is composed of a recess communicating with the recess and constitutes the set of molds.
Coolant jets are provided above the location, and the set of molds is attached to the pressurizing means, and the pressurizing force for adjusting the pressurizing force of the pressurizing means by changing the pressurizing force setting input during quenching and cooling. A quenching and cooling device for a tubular member, characterized in that a control means is provided.
て変化する加圧力設定値を与える加圧力設定入力信号発
生装置がさらに設けられていることを特徴とする請求項
５または６記載の管状部材の焼入れ冷却装置。7. The tubular member according to claim 5, further comprising a pressing force setting input signal generator for giving a pressing force setting value that changes depending on an elapsed time from the start of quenching and cooling. Quenching and cooling device for parts.
する温度計と、前記温度計の測定値に依存して変化する
加圧力設定値を与える加圧力設定入力信号発生装置とが
さらに設けられていることを特徴とする請求項５または
６記載の管状部材の焼入れ冷却装置。8. A thermometer for measuring the temperature during quenching and cooling of a material to be quenched, and a pressing force setting input signal generator for giving a pressing force set value which changes depending on the measured value of the thermometer. The quenching and cooling device for a tubular member according to claim 5 or 6, wherein
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP03085794A JP3335752B2 (en) | 1994-02-03 | 1994-02-03 | Method and apparatus for quenching and cooling tubular member |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP03085794A JP3335752B2 (en) | 1994-02-03 | 1994-02-03 | Method and apparatus for quenching and cooling tubular member |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07216456A true JPH07216456A (en) | 1995-08-15 |
| JP3335752B2 JP3335752B2 (en) | 2002-10-21 |
Family
ID=12315395
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP03085794A Expired - Fee Related JP3335752B2 (en) | 1994-02-03 | 1994-02-03 | Method and apparatus for quenching and cooling tubular member |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3335752B2 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008019480A (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-01-31 | Jfe Steel Kk | Method for manufacturing steel pipe, and facility line for manufacturing steel pipe |
| US7867345B2 (en) | 2003-10-06 | 2011-01-11 | Ntn Corporation | Manufacturing method of thin component, bearing ring, thrust needle roller bearing, manufacturing method of rolling bearing ring, rolling bearing ring, and rolling bearing |
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| CN112410529A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-26 | 湖南力方轧辊有限公司 | Integral heating deformation-preventing quenching device and process for small long shafts |
| CN112430718A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-03-02 | 辉县市恒兴金属制品有限公司 | Quenching process for impeller blade of grass discharge fan of peanut pickup machine |
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-
1994
- 1994-02-03 JP JP03085794A patent/JP3335752B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7867345B2 (en) | 2003-10-06 | 2011-01-11 | Ntn Corporation | Manufacturing method of thin component, bearing ring, thrust needle roller bearing, manufacturing method of rolling bearing ring, rolling bearing ring, and rolling bearing |
| DE112004001875B4 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2011-09-08 | Ntn Corp. | Method of making a thin component, bearing ring, thrust needle bearing, roller bearing ring and roller bearing |
| JP2008019480A (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-01-31 | Jfe Steel Kk | Method for manufacturing steel pipe, and facility line for manufacturing steel pipe |
| CN112111705A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-22 | 如皋市蓝鹰齿轮制造有限公司 | Partially-rotating valve gear box and carburizing and quenching device for production thereof |
| CN112111705B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-11-25 | 如皋市蓝鹰齿轮制造有限公司 | Partially-rotating valve gear box and carburizing and quenching device for production thereof |
| CN112410529A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-26 | 湖南力方轧辊有限公司 | Integral heating deformation-preventing quenching device and process for small long shafts |
| CN112430718A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-03-02 | 辉县市恒兴金属制品有限公司 | Quenching process for impeller blade of grass discharge fan of peanut pickup machine |
| CN112831637A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-25 | 刘世峰 | Automatic quenching machining mechanism for water pump impeller |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3335752B2 (en) | 2002-10-21 |
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