JPH07163574A - 内視鏡手術具用の折れ曲がり可能なソケットジョイントアセンブリおよび手術用ファスナのトラック - Google Patents

内視鏡手術具用の折れ曲がり可能なソケットジョイントアセンブリおよび手術用ファスナのトラック

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Publication number
JPH07163574A
JPH07163574A JP6262032A JP26203294A JPH07163574A JP H07163574 A JPH07163574 A JP H07163574A JP 6262032 A JP6262032 A JP 6262032A JP 26203294 A JP26203294 A JP 26203294A JP H07163574 A JPH07163574 A JP H07163574A
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distal end
shaft
assembly
tube
socket
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Inventor
Warren P Williamson
ウォーレン・ピー・ウィリアムソン
Steven Burnett
スティーブン・バーネット
Jack E Smith
ジャック・イー・スミス
Mark Fogelberg
マーク・フォゲルバーグ
E David Allen
イー・デビッド・アレン
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Ethicon Inc
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Ethicon Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
    • A61B17/128—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord for applying or removing clamps or clips
    • A61B17/1285—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord for applying or removing clamps or clips for minimally invasive surgery
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927—Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70—Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/74—Manipulators with manual electric input means
    • A61B2034/742—Joysticks

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Reproductive Health (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】 【目的】 本発明は、内視鏡手術具のための折れ曲がり
可能ジョイントを備えたアセンブリと、このジョイント
を通じて外科用ファスナを案内するトラックが提供され
る。 【構成】 本発明のアセンブリは、体腔内で外科手術を
行っている間、組織を取扱う終端効果器を支持する遠方
端部を備える。このアセンブリは、長手の支持ハウジン
グを遠方端に接続する折れ曲がり可能ジョイントを備え
る。このジョイントは中空のソケットと、このソケット
に収められる凸型部材を備える。凸型部材は、ハウジン
グからジョイントを通って延び、終端効果器をアクチュ
エートするアクチュエータを収める通路を定める。ハウ
ジング上には操作器が設けられ、この操作器は、遠方端
部をハウジングとの整列状態においたりあるいはこれか
ら遠ざけるよう移動させるため、ソケットまたは凸型部
材に延びる。本発明による、このジョイントを通じて外
科用ファスナを案内するトラックは、可撓性である。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、内視鏡手術において用
いる外科手術具に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】内視鏡手術は、手術の技法として広く認
められてきている。本明細書においては、「内視鏡」と
いう語は、一般的に、内視鏡が挿入される体腔と同じ体
腔内に挿入される手術具を含む概念である。内視鏡によ
れば、拡大を伴ってもしくは拡大を伴わずに体腔内部の
目視検査が可能になり、また治療もしくは診断目的の手
術具操作の模様を観察できるようになる。
【０００３】典型的な内視鏡手術においては、体腔内で
内視鏡手術具を操作する空間を広げるため、ヒトもしく
は動物の腹腔を殺菌したガス（例えば二酸化炭素）で膨
らませる。ついで、被験者の体腔には これを取り囲む
皮膚、組織および筋系を貫通して、トロカールが挿入さ
れる。典型的なトロカールは、長手の栓塞子を収めたカ
ニューレを備える。栓塞子は、典型的には穿孔端を有す
るが、他の型の栓塞子もある。
【０００４】各トロカールは、目的とする手術部位に隣
接する体腔内に位置させた後、体腔への通路となるカニ
ューレを残して、栓塞子は取り外す。このようにして、
普通は、複数のカニューレを設置する。外科医は、次い
でそのうちの一つのカニューレを通して内視鏡を挿入
し、手術の内視鏡手術具を他の一もしくはそれ以上のカ
ニューレを通して診断もしくは治療を行う手術部位に導
入する。
【０００５】内視鏡は、典型的にはビデオカメラに接続
され、このビデオカメラからの出力は、手術部位と内視
鏡手術具の手術部位側の終端を映し出すビデオモニタに
送られる。ここでいう「内視鏡手術具」には、結紮クリ
ップの装填具、組織のカッター、ニードルグラスパ、カ
ニューレ、組織マニピュレータ等が含まれる。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】内視鏡手術には多くの
利点があるが、これまで試みられてきた結果、問題点も
あることが分かった。例えば、外科医は、体腔内で術具
を操作しているときには、普通ビデオモニタに写し出さ
れた映像を見るが、ビデオの表示器は、術医に手術部位
の二次元画像を与えるだけで、手術部位の深度に係る情
報は欠落している。
【０００７】もう一つの問題は、術具が、その挿入方向
から組織に引っ掛かることがあるということである。グ
ラスパやシザーズ（はさみ）など従来の内視鏡手術具の
遠方端（体内端）には、所望の効果（例えば組織を掴ん
だり、切ったりする）を得るような態様で組織に係合す
るための機構が設けられる。そのような遠方端の機構
は、通常「終端効果器(end effector)」と呼ばれる。従
来の内視鏡手術具においては、多くの場合、終端効果器
は、手術具の剛性のまっすぐなシャフトに取り付けられ
て、直線的に延び出る。
【０００８】体腔内で組織に行われる手術の性質に応じ
て、手術具のシャフトの長手軸に対して一定の角度をな
したり折れ曲がったりする終端効果器を付けた方が望ま
しい場合もある。こうすると、状況によっては、外科医
が手術具をより簡単に組織に係合させることができる。
【０００９】さらなる問題は、内視鏡手術具が視界を遮
るおそれがあるということである。しかし、折れ曲がり
可能な遠方端を備えた内視鏡手術具を用いると、外科医
は終端効果器の遠方端を組織に係合させ、組織を手術具
のメインシャフトから横方向にずらせることができる。
こうすると、終端効果器に係合した組織と終端効果器の
遠方端は、メインシャフトにほとんど邪魔されることな
く、隣接する内視鏡を通じてよりよく観察できるように
なる。
【００１０】折れ曲がり可能な内視鏡手術については多
くのデザインが提案されている。折れ曲がり可能な内視
鏡や他の手術は市販されているが、終端効果器の折れ曲
がりの程度を調整できるよりよい設計のものが望まれ
る。
【００１１】特に、折れ曲がり可能な手術具に、終端効
果器を、手術具の長手軸に対して斜めに傾かせることが
できる機能を与えることができるならば、きわめて有用
になる。さらに、もし終端効果器が手術具の長手軸の周
りに、どの放射方向にも折れ曲がることができるなら
ば、利点が大きい。
【００１２】内視鏡手術においては、手術部位における
環境特性（例えば、温度，科学物質など）を感知できる
と望ましい場合がある。さらに、手術具の要素の存在あ
るいは位置を感知できるならば、これも望ましい。そし
て、手術部位においては、洗浄・吸引のための導管を導
入するのが望ましい。そして、手術部位にクリップやホ
チキス針を供給し、終端効果器の一部としてクリップや
ホチキス針を装着する装置を提供することも必要であ
る。したがって、内部にセンサの導線、吸引用の導管
洗浄用の導管、可撓性のアクチュエータ手段等を収め、
そしてファスナ（例えばクリップやホチキス針）の供給
・装置も可能にする折れ曲がり可能なアセンブリを提供
することができれば、きわめて望ましいことになる。そ
のような折れ曲がり可能なアセンブリは、好ましくは、
内部の導管や要素を収め、またそのような要素がアセン
ブリ内を移動できるよう、十分な内部スペースを有する
のが好ましい。
【００１３】もしこのような内視鏡手術具の折れ曲がり
可能なアセンブリが、へこみや突起が最小限の比較的滑
らかな外装を有しているならば、それは手術部位汚染の
おそれが減じられ、アセンブリの洗浄が容易となり、さ
らに隣接する組織に引っ掛かったり組織を損傷するおそ
れがなくなって望ましいことである。
【００１４】また、もしそのような折れ曲がり可能なア
センブリは、終端効果器を操作している間、まっすぐな
方向においても、また折れ曲がった方向においても、比
較的大きなモーメントと力に耐えるだけの強度を有する
のが望ましい。
【００１５】そして、折れ曲がり可能なアセンブリは、
術具の長手軸に対する終端効果器の方位を比較的精度よ
く制御できるのが好ましい。さらに、もしそのような方
位の制御が最小の力とトルクで行うことができるなら
ば、一層好ましい。そして、そのような折れ曲がり可能
なアセンブリは、体腔外にある手術の手前端を通じて行
う操作と制御を容易に調節できるものでなければならな
い。
【００１６】さらにまた、結紮クリップやホチキス針の
ようなファスナを移送するシステムを設けることも望ま
しい。そのようなシステムは、終端効果器が手術具のメ
インシャフトに沿って延びているときだけでなく、終端
効果器が折れ曲がっているときでも、ファスナの移動を
可能にするものでなければならない。さらに、このよう
なファスナの移送システムは、アセンブリ内において、
ファスナを隣接する機構から離隔し、ファスナとこれら
の機構との相互干渉やファスナの汚染を避けなければな
らない。
【００１７】
【課題を解決するための手段および作用】本発明は、上
述の利点・特徴を有する設計を取り入れた内視鏡手術具
用の折れ曲がり可能なアセンブリを提供することを目的
とする。
【００１８】本発明の原理によれば、内視鏡手術具用
に、特徴ある折れ曲がり可能なアセン気ヘが提供され
る。このアセンブリは、内視鏡手術具の終端効果器の折
れ曲がりを制御することができる。このアセンブリは、
比較的強度があって、終端効果器の操作中ならびに折れ
曲がりの最中に加えられるモーメント力や力に耐えるこ
とができる。
【００１９】本発明のアセンブリは、手術具の手前端か
ら、特に強い力やトルクを加えなくても容易に操作する
ことができる。
【００２０】本発明のアセンブリは、手術具の手前端か
ら終端効果器まで延びる要素を収めるため、内部に十分
な空隙を有する。アセンブリの内側領域はまた、結紮ク
リップやホチキス針のようなファスナも通すことができ
る。
【００２１】本発明のアセンブリの外装は、比較的滑ら
かで、汚染の可能性のある箇所や組織に損傷を与えるお
それのある箇所を最小にしている。
【００２２】本発明のアセンブリ、体腔内での手術中に
組織を取扱う終端効果器を支持するたの遠方端部を備え
る。
【００２３】折れ曲がり可能なジョイントは、遠方端部
を長手の支持ハウジングに接続する。このジョイント
は、中空のソケットと、このソケットに収められる凸型
部材を備える。凸型部材は、ハウジングからジョイント
を通って終端効果器を作動させるアクチュエータを収め
る通路を有する。
【００２４】ハウジング上には操作器が設けられ、この
操作器は、遠方端部を動かしてハウジングと整列状態に
おいたりあるいはこれから外したりするため、ソケット
または凸型部材のどちらかまで延びる。
【００２５】本発明のもうひとつの様相（アスペクト）
によれば、内視鏡手術具に設けられた折れ曲がり可能ジ
ョイントを通して、少なくとも一個の外科用のファスナ
を案内することができるトラックが提供される。
【００２６】このトラックは、ジョイント内での曲げに
対応するよう、十分に可撓性のある材料でできたチュー
ブを備える。このチューブは、十字形の断面を有する長
手の通路を有し、ファスナがこの通路を通過する間、フ
ァスナを所定の方位に向け、これを維持する。
【００２７】チューブの通路は、少なくとも一部は二つ
の相対向する壁によって区画される。この壁は、それぞ
れ長手の溝を区画するが、この溝は、その開放側を、お
互いに他の壁の側に向ける。溝の形状は、曲げに係る圧
縮・引っ張り荷重に対応して変化する。
【００２８】
【実施例】本発明の一つの態様は、内視鏡手術具の手前
端においてほとんど力やトルクを必要とせずに終端効果
器の折れ曲がりを調節するよう、内視鏡手術具において
用いられる独特の折れ曲がり可能アセンブリに関する。
折れ曲がり可能なアセンブリは、内部に、終端効果器ア
クチュエータ部材、センサのライン、クリップもしくは
ホチキス針、洗浄導管、吸引導管などを収めるためのか
なりの空隙を有する。この折れ曲がり可能なアセンブリ
は、比較的剛性で、組織に傷を負わせたり、汚染物質が
蓄積する元になる突起を最小にした外装を有する。
【００２９】さらに、本発明の折れ曲がり可能なアセン
ブリは、手術部位に対して様々な処置を施せる多様な手
術具に装填することができる。これら様々な処置とは、
例えば切開、切断、把持、クランプ挟み、ホチキス針あ
るいは結紮クリップの装着、超音波エネルギーの適用、
電気メスによる処置、手術部位での洗浄、吸引による手
術部位からの物質の除去などである。
【００３０】種々のセンサシステムに使用される要素
は、本発明の新規な折れ曲がり可能ジョイントアセンブ
リを通して移送される。このようなセンサシステムに
は、組織の厚さや圧縮の程度を測定するシステム、腫瘍
の検知、パルスによる酸素測定、血管中の血液のドップ
ラ効果検知などがある。また照明ガイドや他の光ファイ
バシステムの要素も、本発明のアセンブリを通じて送る
ことができる。
【００３１】さらに、本発明の折れ曲がり可能アセンブ
リは、手術具に通気したり、あるいは手術具を封止する
設計にすることもでき、またガスや煙に対するフィルタ
を備えつけることもできる。
【００３２】本発明は、種々の態様が可能であるが、本
明細書および添付の図面は、そのうちの特定のものを本
発明の実施例として開示するにすぎない。本発明は、本
明細書に記載した態様に限られるものではない。本発明
の範囲は、特許請求の範囲に謳う通りである。
【００３３】記載の簡便のため、本発明の手術具は、種
々の操作位置におけるものを記述する。そして本明細書
においては、これらの操作位置に関連して、「上方」、
「下方」、「水平」などの語を用いる。しかし、本発明
の手術具は、ここで説明した以外の態様でも製造され、
保管され、輸送され、使用され、さらには販売されるこ
とは理解できるであろう。
【００３４】本発明の手術具を示す図に含まれる機械要
素のいくつかは、公知で、また当業者にはよく理解でき
るものである。したがって、本発明の理解にとって、そ
のような要素について説明は、詳細なものは不要であ
り、ここでは、本発明の新規な特徴の理解の助けとなる
のに必要な程度だけ記する。
【００３５】本発明の手術具には、従来から知られた要
素も用いる。この要素については詳細な説明は省くが、
そのような要素の必要な機能を理解できる当業者にとっ
ては自明なことであろう。
【００３６】図１と図２は、本発明の折れ曲がり可能ア
センブリの基本的な特徴を示したものである。図１と図
２に示した装置は、支持ハウジング３４（図１）あるい
は３４Ａ（図２）に手前端がある。手術具のこの部分
は、手術医によって把持され、患者の体外に留まるが、
手術具の残りの部分は、トロカールのカニューレを介し
て体腔内に挿入される。手術具は、手術部位に位置させ
られ、組織を所望のやり方で扱うためにアクチュエート
される遠方端３１（図１）あるいは３１Ａ（図２）を備
える。
【００３７】ジョンソン・アンド・ジョンソン株式会社
のカタログ「病院用価格表−−ETHICON AND YOU. THE U
LTIMATE SURGICAL TEAM -- ETHICON ENDO-SORGERY-- 」
（１９９２年２月２４日より有効；エシコン株式会社発
行[4545 Creek Road,Cincinati,Ohio,45242 U.S.A.] ）
には、内視鏡手術具用の種々のタイプの終端効果器が表
示してある。例えば、以下の内視鏡手術具用終端効果器
については、上記のカタログの次の頁を参照されたい：
マイクロシザーズ DMS11−第５頁、ストレートグラスパ
DSG20−第５頁、ストレートディスセクタ（dissector;
切開器）−第１３頁、抽出器 DEX40−第１３頁、クラン
プ BC10 −第１３頁、クリップ装着器ER320 −第２１
頁、リニア（直線状）カッタ ELC60−第２８頁、および
ホチキスES100−第２９頁。このような終端効果器の構
造と操作方法は、よく知られている。いくつかの終端効
果器は、米国特許や他の国の特許に詳細に記載してあ
る。例えばクリップ装着器については、エシコン社の米
国特許第5,163,945 号を参照されたい。
【００３８】一般に、先に掲げた機能を発揮する終端効
果器は、図１および図２に模式的に示した折れ曲がり可
能アセンブリに組み込むことができる。しかし、このよ
うな特殊な終端効果器の構造と操作方法は、本発明には
含まれない。
【００３９】図１においては、遠方端３１は、折れ曲が
り可能ジョイントを介して支持ハウジング３４に接続さ
れる。このジョイントは、中空のソケット４０と、この
ソケットに収められる凸型部材４４を備える。凸型部材
４４は、支持ハウジング３４にしっかりと組み込まれ
る。
【００４０】ソケット４０は、支持ハウジング３４に取
り付けた折り曲がり操作器４８によって、凸型部材４４
上で回転する。すると、遠方端にある終端効果器３６が
作動する。このような特殊な折れ曲がり操作器の構造と
操作方法については、以下に詳述する。
【００４１】凸型部材４４は、アクチュエータ部材４２
を収める通路５０を備える。アクチュエータ部材５２
は、支持ハウジング３４に取り付けた終端効果器アクチ
ュエータ５４から、ジョイントを通って延び、遠方端の
終端効果器３６をアクチュエートさせる。アクチュエー
タ部材５２は、終端効果器アクチュエータ５４の一部ま
たはその延長部としてとらえることができる。このよう
なアクチュエータ部材５２としては、遠方端にある終端
効果器機構（例えば、シザーズタイプの刃を回動させる
リンク）圧す可撓性のバンドを使用することができる。
アクチュエータ部材５２はまた、電力によって作動する
終端効果器を操作する電気回路用の電気ケーブルでもよ
い。アクチュエータ部材は、その他、遠方端にある終端
効果器機構を引っ張ってアクチュエートさせる引っ張り
ケーブルを用いることもできる。さらにアクチュエータ
部材５２は、遠方端にある終端効果器をアクチュエート
する適当な操作器を押圧する空気路あるいは水路でもよ
い。ただし、このような特殊な終端効果器の詳細な構造
とその操作方法、およびこのためのアクチュエータは、
本発明には含まれない。
【００４２】凸型部材４４を貫通する通路５０は洗浄用
の導管、吸引用の導管およびセンサのライン（電気的な
導線、空気路その他）等の付加的な要素だけでなく、終
端効果器アクチュエータ部材５２を一個以上収めるのに
十分な大きさであるのが好ましい。
【００４３】図２に示す他の型の手術具においては、凸
型部材４４Ａは、遠方端部３１Ａにしっかりと組み込ま
れる。凸型部材４４Ａは通路５０Ａを有し、支持ハウジ
ング３４Ａの端部にしっかりと組み込まれるソケット４
０Ａに収められる。
【００４４】支持ハウジング３４Ａに取り付けられる折
れ曲がり操作器４８Ａは、遠方端部３１Ａ（およびこれ
に取り付けられる終端効果器３６Ａ）を手術具の長手軸
に対して斜めの所望の方向に折れ曲がらせるよう、終端
凸型部材４４Ａをソケット４０Ａ内で回転させるため、
凸型部材４４Ａに操作可能に接続される。
【００４５】支持ハウジング上の終端効果器アクチュエ
ータ５４Ａは、遠方端にある終端効果器３６Ａをアクチ
ュエートするため凸型部材を貫通する通路５０Ａを通っ
て延びる終端効果器部材５２Ａを備える。
【００４６】図１と図２に示した態様は、本発明の折れ
曲がり可能ジョイントアセンブリの基本的な形態をとる
ものである。特に、特殊な手術具に用いられるそのよう
なジョイントアセンブリの詳細な構造は、以下に詳細に
説明する。
【００４７】図３ないし図６は、図１に示す基本的な構
造上の特徴を有する折れ曲がり可能なアセンブリを装備
する手術具を示したものである。この手術具は特に、手
前のハウジング６２から延びる長手の遠方端部６０を有
する。
【００４８】遠方端部６０の遠方端には、顎部６４と６
６の対が設けられる。顎部６４は遠方端部６０の遠方端
に固定されるが、他方顎部６６は、スクリュー６８を介
して遠方端部６０の遠方端に回動可能に取り付けられ、
固定した顎部６４に対して接近したり離れたりする動き
ができる。遠方端部６０の遠方端に取り付けられる板ば
ね７０は、通常顎部６０を開放状態におくよう付勢す
る。顎部６６は、下方に突出した脚７２を有し、この脚
７２には、この手術具を通って手前端まで延び、ここで
レバー７６に接続されるケーブル７４が取り付けられ
る。図５に示すように、レバー７６は、ピン７８を介し
て、後方プレート８２から延びるＵリンク８０に回動可
能に取り付けられる。レバー７６は、図３に矢印で示し
たように、前方もしくは後方に回動して顎部６６を閉鎖
し、またスプリング７０によって顎部６６を開放状態に
維持することができる。
【００４９】図３と図５に示すように、長手の遠方端部
６０は ケーブルもしくはコード７４を収める内部通路
８８を有する。図５に示すように、遠方端部６０の手前
端は、ソケットもしくは凹面９０を区画する開放端とな
っている。ソケット９０は、長手シャフト９４の遠方端
となる凸部材もしくはボール９２を収める。凸部材９２
とシャフト９４は、ケーブル７４を収める内部通路９６
を共有する。
【００５０】図６に示すように、長手シャフト９４は、
二つの外に向かって突出するキーもしくはガイド部材１
０１と１０３を有する。第１の駆動部材１０５は、ガイ
ド部び１０１を受け入れるための長手スロット１０７を
有する。第２の駆動部材１０９は、第１の駆動部材１０
５に対して長手シャフト９４の径方向に反対側に設けら
れ、ガイド部材１０３を受け入れるスロット１１１を有
する。各駆動部材１０５と１０９は、このようにして長
手シャフト９４によって移送され、シャフト９沿って長
手方向の動きをして、凸部材９２に接近したり離れたり
する。
【００５１】図３ないし図５に最もよく示してあるよう
に、駆動部材１０５は、歯１１５を区画する遠方端を有
する。この歯１１５は、遠方端部６０の手前端にあるノ
ッチ１１７に噛み合う。好ましい態様においては、遠方
端部６０は、円筒状の外形を有し、ノッチ１１７と１２
２は、径方向において互いに対峙する。
【００５２】第１の駆動部材１０５は外側に向いた左手
ねじセグメント１２４を区画し、また第２の駆動部材１
０９は外側に向いた右手ねじセグメント１２６を区画す
る。ねじセグメント１２４と１２６は、折れ曲がり操作
器のナットまたはスリーブ１３０と噛み合う。ナットも
しくはスリーブ１３０は、左手ねじ部１３２を区画する
前方シリンダ面と、右手ねじ部１３４を区画する後方シ
リンダ面を有する。左手ねじ部１３２は、シリンダ状の
空隙１３６を介して、右手ねじ部１３４から離隔され
る。
【００５３】第１の駆動部材１０５の左手ねじセグメン
ト１２４は、スリーブ１３０の左手ねじ部１３２に噛み
合い、他方第２の駆動部材１０９の右手ねじセグメント
１２６は、スリーブ１３０の右手ねじ部１３４に噛み合
う。
【００５４】スリーブ１３０が回転すると、噛み合って
いた左手ねじセグメント１２４と１３２は、第１の駆動
部材１０５を長手方向（スリーブ１３０の回転方向によ
って手前端方向あるいは遠方端方向となる）に動かす。
同時に、第２の駆動部材１０９は、右手ねじセグメント
１２６と１３４の係合のおかげで、長手方向の反対側に
移動する。すなわち一方の駆動部材が遠方端方向に移動
すると 他方の駆動部材はそれと同じ距離だけ手前端方
向に移動する。遠方端方向に移動する駆動部材の遠方端
は、手術具の遠方端部６０に、これを凸型部材９２の周
りに回動させるべく力を加える。回動の程度は、手前端
方向に移動する他の駆動部材によって調整される。
【００５５】駆動部材１０５と１０９は、外側チューブ
１４０の中に収められる。外側チューブ１４０は、手前
端に、例えばねじ１４４で保持リング１４６に締め付け
られるフランジ１４２を有する。保持リング１４６は、
アクセス用の穴１４８の対を区画する。この穴１４８
は、一本もしくはそれ以上の指がスリーブ１３０の外表
面に触れるようにし、この指でスリーブ１３０を回転さ
せるようにするためのものである。
【００５６】保持リング１４６の手前端には、ねじ１５
４によって端部プレート８２に締め付けられ、かつ内側
に突出する環状のフランジ１５２がある、端部プレート
８２は、レバー７６に接続されるコードもしくはケーブ
ル７４を収める開口１６２を区画する。端部プレート８
２はまた、レバーのＵリンク８０が取り付けられるベー
スとしても働く。
【００５７】この手術具を操作する場合は、外科医は、
手術具の外側ケーシング１４０の外表面を片手で持つ。
そして、もう片方の手の指で、遠方端の端部を所望の方
位まで折れ曲げるのに必要なだけ、スリーブ１３０を回
転させる。次いで、終端効果器をアクチュエートさせる
ため、レバー７６を操作する。
【００５８】図３ないし図６に示した折れ曲がり可能ア
センブリの態様には、多くの利点があることが分かるで
あろう。第一に、折れ曲がりの程度は、ねじ付きの駆動
系を介して完全に調整できるということである。したが
って、この折れ曲がり可能アセンブリは、折れ曲がり位
置を保持するために、エネルギーを蓄えておく機構（ば
ねあるいは引っ張りもしくは圧縮を掛けた部材等）を備
える必要はない。よって、要素に故障が起きたような場
合でも、手術具の遠方端の動きを制御できなくなるとい
うことはない。
【００５９】さらに、本発明の折れ曲がり可能アセンブ
リは、手術具を一回体内に圧し込む（ストローク）間予
圧を維持するため、予圧（バックラッシなしの）を加え
る、ことができる。
【００６０】本発明の新規な設計の折れ曲がりアセンブ
リは、種々のタイプの終端効果器アクチュエータシステ
ムを調整できる。例えば、特別な終端効果器には、引っ
張りケーブル７４の代わりに、可撓性の圧縮部材アクチ
ュエータシステムを設けることができる。中央通路９６
を通って延びる他のタイプのアクチュエータシステムも
用いられる。これらのタイプのアクチュエータシステム
は、水路、導線等である。さらに、中央通路９６は、ア
クチュエータシステム以外の他のシステムを収めること
もできる。例えば、センサの導線あるいは光ファイバ
を、中央通路９６を通じて送ることができる。加えて、
手術部位に流体を送ったり、手術部位からガスや液体を
排出させる導管も、中央通路９６を通すことができる。
【００６１】図７ないし図１３には、本発明の他の態様
に係る折れ曲がり可能アセンブリを示す。図１０に示す
ように、この手術具は、手前端ハンドル部１６０、長手
軸１６１を定める長手のハウジングあるいは支持チュー
ブ１６２、および終端効果器１６６を支持する遠方端部
１６４を備える。終端効果器１６６は、先に図１ないし
図６について説明したタイプの一つでもよい。しかし、
終端効果器１６６の詳細な構造とその操作方法は、本発
明の範囲には含まれない。
【００６２】図７ないし図１３に示した装置は、すでに
図２で説明した本発明の基本的な原理を取り入れてい
る。特に図７と図８に示したように、ハウジングもしく
は支持チューブ１６２は、一般的に中空・シリンダ状
で、遠方端にソケットを区画する構成を有する。タブ１
７０は、ソケット領域において、チューブ１６２の開放
端から内側に突出する。好ましい態様においては、タブ
１７０は矩形のプリズム状をなす。
【００６３】遠方端部１６４は、ソケット１６８に収め
られる凸型部材１７４を有する。凸型部材１７４は通路
１７８を含むが、その長手軸１８０（図８）は、手術具
の長手軸１６１と斜めの角度をなす。凸型部材１７４
は、タブ１７０を受け入れるための弧状の溝１８４を定
める。
【００６４】長手の支持チューブ１６２には、遠方端部
１６４を移動させて、長手の支持チューブ１６２と整列
状態に置いたりあるいは解除したりするための折れ曲が
り操作器が設けられる。折れ曲がり操作器は、支持チュ
ーブ１６２の内側に配置されるシャフト１８８を備え
る。シャフト１８８は通常、手術具の長手軸１６１と整
列する手前端部１９０を有する。図７の態様において
は、シャフトの手前端部１９０は、支持チューブ１６２
内に取り付けられる二つのベアリング１９４によって、
手術具の長手軸１６１の周りの回転のために支持され
る。
【００６５】シャフト１８８はまた、手前端部１９０か
ら、長手軸１６１に対して斜め方向に延びる中間部１９
６を有する。遠方端部１９８は、この中間部１９６から
延び、凸型部材の通路１７８の中で回転できるように配
置される。
【００６６】シャフトの遠方端部１９８の遠方端は、ス
ナップリングあるいはクリップ２０４を嵌め込むための
溝２０２（図８）を区画する。凸型部材１７４の底部
は、通常スロット１８４と軸１８０の両方に直交し、ク
リップ２０４を嵌め込むための空隙もしくはスロット２
０８（図７）を区画する。さらに、シャフト１８８は、
遠方端部１９８にフランジ２１０が設けられる（図７お
よび図８）。このため、遠方端部１９８は、フランジ２
１０が通常平面をなしかつ環状のベアリング面２１２に
接触するまで、凸型部材の通路１７８に挿入することが
できる。クリップ２０４は、溝２０２にあるシャフトの
遠方端部１９８に係合するよう、凸型部材のスロット２
０８を通して挿入される。クリップ２０４は、凸型部材
１７４を、シャフト遠方端部１９８上に保持する。しか
し、シャフトの遠方端部１９８は、凸型部材の通路１７
８の中で、軸１８０（図８）の周りを自由に回転でき
る。
【００６７】シャフト１８８は中空で、ケーブル２１６
など一個以上の終端効果器アクチュエータ要素を収め、
またセンサ要素（図示せず）、流体移送チューブ（図示
せず）などを収めることができる。このような要素は、
通常可撓性で、シャフト１８８の回転と以下に詳細に説
明する終端効果器１６６の付随する回転を調整する。
【００６８】好ましい態様においては、シャフトの手前
端部１９０は、図９に示したギヤ駆動システムによって
長手軸１６１の周りに回転することができる。特に、中
央のギヤ２２０は、ギヤ２２０の回転が手前端部１９０
の軸１６１の周りの回転を呼び起こすよう、シャフトの
手前端部１９０に取り付けられる。ギヤ２２４は、回転
のため、支持チューブ１６２の手前端において、フラン
ジ２２８から突出する取付けピン２２６に取り付けられ
る。ギヤ２２４は、ギヤ２２０と噛み合う。
【００６９】ハウジング１６０は、外側に斜面溝面２３
２を有する回転可能な截頭円錐形の駆動スリーブ２３０
を備える。斜面溝２３２は、スリーブ２３０を回転させ
るため、外科医が親指と人差し指で掴むものである。ス
リーブ２３０の遠方端には、支持チューブ１６２の外側
面の一部にかかり合うシリンダ状の内面がある。さら
に、スリーブ２３０の内面には、ギヤ２２４にかかり合
うリングギヤ２３６が刻み込まれる。かくして、スリー
ブ２３０が回転すると、シャフト１８８を回転させるた
め、ギヤ２３６，２２４および２２０が回転する。
【００７０】シャフト１８８が回転すると、終端効果器
１６６の向く方位は、図１０ないし図１３に示したよう
に、変化する。タブ１７０（図７）が凸型部材１７６の
スロット１８４の側壁に係合することは明らかであろ
う。このタブ１７０は、凸型部材１７４、そしてスロッ
ト１８４が、シャフト１８８の分枝した遠方端部１７８
によってソケット１６８内で一緒に動くときは、固定回
動ポイントとして働く。
【００７１】図１０ないし図１３においては、操作ハン
ドルないしレバー２３４は、シャフト１８８の手前端に
接続するものとして模式的に示してある。操作ハンドル
２３４は、図９のギヤ駆動システム及び駆動スリーブ２
３０の代わりに用いられる。
【００７２】ハンドル２３４は、第一義的には、終端効
果器１６６の折れ曲がり方位に対するシャフトの回転位
置を簡便に示す目的で、図１０ないし図１３に示してあ
る。ハンドル２３４は、シャフト１８８の手前端に対し
て直角に固定される。このため、シャフト１８８の回転
と終端効果器１６６の運動の関係は、図１０ないし図１
３によって容易に理解することができる。
【００７３】終端効果器１６６は、矩形の、平行なパイ
プを付けた、四つの側面Ａ，Ｂ，ＣおよびＤを有するも
のとして模式的に示してある。このため、終端効果器の
方位は、図１０ないし図１３の二次元図においても容易
にできる。
【００７４】とりわけ、図１０は、実質的に手術具の長
手軸１６１に沿って整列した方位をとる終端効果器１６
６を示す。終端効果器１６６は、前方および上方からの
角度でとらえることがでりる。表面Ａは上方に面し、表
面Ｃは下方を向いている。この位置においては、ハンド
ル２３４は、シャフト１８８の手前端部１９０に対して
直角をなし、垂直方向に上方に突出する。
【００７５】図１１に示すように、シャフトの手前端部
１９０を反時計方向に９０°回転するため、ハンドル２
３４を反時計方向に９０°回転すると、終端効果器１６
６は図面の観察方向に向けて上方に振れる。これで、表
面Ｃは、表面Ｄとともに見ることができる。
【００７６】図１２に示すように、ハンドル２３４を時
計方向に９０°回転すると、終端効果器１６６は図面の
観察方向から離れて上方に振れ、一般には図１１に示し
たものとは正反対の鏡像位置に移動する。これで、表面
Ａは、表面Ｄとともに見ることができる。
【００７７】ハンドル２３４が図１０に示す位置から図
１３に示す位置に１８０°回転すると、終端効果器１６
６の遠方端は、長手軸１６１の上方に最大限分枝し、終
端効果器１６６は、図１１と図１２に示した二つの終端
効果器のちょうど中間に位置するようになる。これで表
面ＣとＤをみることができる。
【００７８】手術具のハンドル部１６０は、可撓性の終
端効果器アクチュエータ要素（例えば可撓性のケーブ
ル、水圧系等）あるいは他の装置、システム、要素など
をアクチュエートするための適当なトリガ２４１と２４
３（図１０）を備えることができる。
【００７９】図には示していないが、長手の支持チュー
ブ１６２は、適当なガスシール、フィルタ、排気系等を
装備することができる。さらに、いくつかの態様におい
ては、ソケット１６８を、適当な熱可塑性ポリマーなど
低摩擦のベアリング材料で裏打ちするのが望ましい。
【００８０】手術具に組み込まれる本発明の折れ曲がり
可能アセンブリの他の態様は図１４ないし図２０に示
す。図１４ないし図２０に示した態様は、図２に模式的
に示した形態をとる本発明の原理を採用している。特
に、図１８に示すように、手術具は、長手軸２５４（図
１４）を区画する中空の支持チューブもしくはハウジン
グ２５２が延び出る手前端部２５０を有する。支持チュ
ーブもしくはハウジング２５２は、図１５と図１９に最
もよく示す内側チューブ２５３を具備する。図１７に示
すように、支持チューブ２５２は、開放ソケット２５４
を区画する長手の端を有するが、開放ソケット２５４
は、手術具の遠方端部２６０の手前側部分を区画する凸
型部材２５６を収める。遠方端部２６０は終端効果器２
６２を支える。終端効果器２６２は、図１ないし図６を
参照して説明した種々の終端効果器のうちの一つでもよ
い。
【００８１】図１５と図１７に示すように、好ましく
は、凸型部材２５６は、Ｏ−リング２５９を受け入れる
環状の溝２５７を区画する。Ｏ−リング２５９は、ジョ
イントアセンブリの手術具内への封止を行う。
【００８２】凸型部材２５６はまた、アクチュエータ部
材、水路、センサのライン等の内部要素を収める通路を
有する。図１５と図１６には手術具内を延びる二本の可
撓性のライン２６８を示す。
【００８３】図１５、図１７および図２０に示すよう
に、凸型部材２５６は、４個の均等に離隔された放射状
に延びる突起２７０を有する。コードもしくはケーブル
２７４は、各突起２７０の周りにループ状にくくり付け
られるか、あるいは各突起２７０に締め付けられる。各
突起２７０とこれにかかり合うコード２７４の締め付け
端は、支持チューブ２５２の長手端において周回状に延
びるチャネルあるいはくぼみ２７８に収められる。
【００８４】図１５と図１６に示すように、ソケット２
５４に隣接するチューブ２５２の内部は、それぞれがコ
ード２７４の一本を通す４個の開口２８２を区画する。
コード２７４は、支持チューブ２５２の内側に沿って延
び、これを横断し、支持チューブ２５２の長手軸に対し
て反対側に離れていく。
【００８５】図２０に示すように、各コード２７４の手
前端は、ぐらぐらして固定されていないプレート２８６
に締め付けられる。図１９に示すように、プレート２８
６は、手術具の手前端部２５０の内側に支えられたブラ
ケットから突出するポスト２９０上のフランジに対して
保持される。プレート２８６とブラケット２９２の間に
延びるのは、引張りスプリング２９６（図１９にはその
うちの２個だけを示した）である。これらのスプリング
は、プレート２８６をフランジ２８８に対して保持す
る。
【００８６】手術具の手前端部２５０を片手でもつ場
合、プレート２８６の周縁部は、親指で内側に圧し込む
ことができる。こうすると、スプリング２９６の一本も
しくは数本は収縮し、他のスプリング２９６は伸びる。
プレート２８６を、図１９に示した通常の休止位置から
傾けると、一本もしくはそれ以上のコード２７４は、後
方（手前側）に引っ張られ、他方一本もしくはそれ以上
の他のコード２７４は、緩む。この結果、ソケット２５
４内で凸型部材２５６が回転して、終端効果器２６２が
折れ曲がる。コード２７４は、図２０に示すような互い
に反対の方向に交差するため、プレート２８６の４つの
領域のうちの一つを圧すことになり、終端効果器２６２
は一般にその圧された領域に向けて折れ曲がる。
【００８７】支持チューブ２５２は、さらにシール、排
気管、フィルタなど（図示せず）を含むことができる。
さらに、種々のアクチュエータ機構、終端効果器、セン
サのライン、導線チューブなども２５３に収めて、ジョ
イントアセンブリの通路２６６を通すことができる。
【００８８】図２１と２２には、図１４ないし２０に示
した態様の変形例となる手術具を示す。この手術具は、
凸型部材２５６Ａから延び出る遠方端部２６０Ａを支え
る長手の支持チューブもしくはハウジング２５２Ａを備
える。コードもしくはケーブル２７４Ａは、凸型部材の
突起２７０から延び出て、チューブ２５２Ａを通って手
術具の手前端部２５０Ａに到る。これまで述べた要素
は、図１４ないし２０について説明した態様用における
「Ａ」の付かない参照符号をもつ要素と実質的に同じで
ある。しかし、図２１と２２に示した態様では、図１８
に示したような手前端に取り付けたアクチュエータプレ
ート２８６は有しない。むしろ、アクチュエータプレー
ト２８６Ａは、手術具の手前端部２５０Ａ内に取り付け
られ、Ｔ字形の操作レバー２８７Ａは、手術具の頂部を
貫いて上方に延びる。ハンドル２８７Ａは、弧状のソケ
ット２９３Ａに収められた球形のベース２９１Ａを備え
る。ケーブル２７４Ａは、プレート２８６Ａの前面の周
囲に、４つの均等な間隔を保った位置に取り付けられ
る。プレート２８６Ａの後面は、対応する位置で、引張
りばね２９６Ａに連結される。ばね２９６Ａの手前端
は、手術具の手前端部２５０Ａの内側に設置されるブラ
ケット２９２Ａに取り付けられる。
【００８９】４つのばね２９６Ａは、通常は各コード２
７４Ａに均等な引張り力を与えながら、プレート２８６
Ａを、図２２に示した中立位置に保持する。ハンドル２
８７Ａが図２１と２２に示した位置から動くと、コード
２７４Ａのいくつかは引っ張られ、また他のコード２７
４Ａは、凸型部材２５６Ａの回転をさせ、また遠方端部
２６０Ａを折れ曲がらせるように緩む。
【００９０】図２３ないし２９は、ホチキス針やクリッ
プのような外科用ファスナを折れ曲がりジョイントに沿
って案内するトラックを具備する本発明の他の態様を示
す。とりわけ、先に図１４ないし２０について説明した
態様に類似したこの折れ曲がりジョイントアセンブリ
は、血管等の組織に紮結クリップを送りまた装着する装
置に用いられる。
【００９１】図２３ないし２５は、凸型部材３０８が取
り付けられるソケット３０４を区画する長手の支持チュ
ーブまたはハウジング３０２を有する手術具の一部を示
す。凸型部材３０８は、遠方端部３１０において区画さ
れるが、遠方端部３１０は、顎型アセンブリ３１４の形
で終端効果器を支える。凸型部材３０８と遠方端部３１
０は、顎型アセンブリ３１４が取り付けられる通路３１
８（図２５）を定める。顎型アセンブリ３１４は、一般
には顎３２０をＵ字形に定める脚を備え、Ｕ字形の形状
を有する。各顎３２０は、後方に、顎形３１０（図２
３）の遠方端にある斜面３２４にかかり合うカム面３２
２を有する。顎型アセンブリ３１４は、その手前端にお
いて、ピン３２８を介して可撓性部材もしくはケーブル
３３２に接続する。ケーブル３３２は、適当な手段（図
示せず）によって後方に引っ張られる。すると、顎型ア
センブリ３１４は、さらに手術具の中に入り込み、顎
は、カム作用によって、血管３３６（図２３）など組織
の周囲で閉止する。
【００９２】各顎３２０はまた、一般にＵ字形をして顎
３２０の遠方端に位置させられる結紮クリップ３４０を
受け入れるチャネル３３７（図２３）を定める（詳細は
以下に述べる）。顎３２０が閉じると、クリップ３１４
は押しつぶされ、組織３３６の周りに締め付けられる。
【００９３】長手の支持チューブ３０２は、顎部アクチ
ュエータケーブル３３２の周りでソケット３０４から延
びる内部チューブ３４４を有する。長手支持チューブ３
０２と内部チューブ３４４の間のスペースは、折れ曲が
り操作器のケーブル３４８を収める領域を定める。ケー
ブル３４８は、凸型部材３０８の表面から外側に放射状
に延びる突起３５０に締める付けられる。好ましい態様
においては、そのような突起３５０は４個あり、さらに
これに付随するケーブル３４８も４本ある。そしてこれ
らは、凸型部材２５６が、それぞれにケーブル２７４が
取り付けられた４つの突起２７０を有する図１４ないし
２０で説明した態様とほぼ同じ配置を有する。
【００９４】一本ないしそれ以上のケーブル３４８を引
張り、他方他のケーブル３４８は緩めたままにしておく
と、凸型部材３０８はソケット３０４内で回転し、遠方
端部３１０は折れ曲がる。このケーブル３４８は、先に
図１４ないし２０で説明した態様におけるぐらつくプレ
ート２８６など、適当な操作機構を使って引っ張ったり
緩めたりすることができる。
【００９５】本発明の一態様によれば、結紮クリップ３
４０は、単一のトラックに沿って、折れ曲がり可能ジョ
イントアセンブリ内を案内される。このトラックはチュ
ーブ４００を備える。チューブ４００は、ジョイントの
折れ曲がりにも対応できるよう、十分に可撓性の材料か
らつくる。いまのところ、チューブ４００は、適当なエ
ラストマー材料もしくは熱可塑性材料から押し出し成形
することを想定している。
【００９６】チューブ４００は、結紮クリップ３４０を
送るための長手の通路を定める。この通路は、各クリッ
プ３４０を、通路内を移動している間でも所定の方位に
向きを調整しかつ保持できるよう、十字形に刻まれた断
面を有する。クリップ３４０は、手術具の手前端部にお
いて、チューブ４００に沿って、適当な可撓性のプッシ
ュバー（図示せず）によって圧し込まれる。クリップ３
４０をチューブ４００に沿って送り込むための設計およ
び操作方法は、本発明には含まれない。
【００９７】図２７に示したように、通路の少なくとも
一部は、二つの相対する壁４０８と４１０によって区画
される。相対する壁４０８と４１０は、薄い接続部４１
１を介してつながる。壁４０８は長手の溝４１２を定
め、他方壁４１０は、長手の溝４１６を定める。溝４１
２と４１６はそれぞれＶ字形をなして、その開口部をお
互いに向き合わせる。
【００９８】図２９に示すように、トラックチューブ４
００が右側に変形ないし曲がると、溝４１２の開放の度
合いは減少し、他方溝４１２の開放の度合いは幾分増加
する。他方、トラックチューブ４００が反対側に変形な
いし曲がると（図示せず）、溝４１２はより開放し、溝
４１６は開放の程度が少なくなる。
【００９９】もしトッラックチューブ４００が図２８の
ように撓むか、あるいは図２９に示すように曲げの程度
が９０°になると、溝４１２と４１６はともにその開放
の程度を減少させるか、または溝が閉塞して平らにな
る。
【０１００】トラックチューブ４００は、結紮クリップ
３４０を通路３１８（図２５）に送り込むため、その遠
方端が凸型部材３０８の内部で終わるよう、手術具内に
配置される。図２５に示すように、通路３１８の一部
は、上方に傾斜した面４２２によって定められる。この
面３２２は、クリップ３４０を、トラックチューブ４０
０の端から顎部３２０内のチャネル３３７まで案内す
る。手術の遠方端部３１０が折れ曲がると、トッラクチ
ューブ４００の遠方端は凸型部材料３０８とともに動
き、トッラクチューブ４００は、凸型部材３０８の手前
側（後方）の箇所で、部材の動きに対応して曲がる。
【０１０１】図２３ないし２５には、顎型アセンブリ３
１４と通路８１８内におけるトラックチューブ４００だ
けを示したが、所望ならばさらに他の要素を付け加える
よう変形してもよいことは容易に理解されるであろう。
そのような追加的な要素としては、センサのライン、吸
引ライン、光ファイバなどがある。
【０１０２】トラックチューブ４００は、内視鏡手術具
における他のタイプの折れ曲がり可能ジョイントにおい
ても、結紮クリップ、ホチキス針などのファスナを案内
するために用いることができる。このトラックチューブ
４００は、チューブが圧縮ないし引っ張り曲げ荷重を受
けて曲がるような場所で、ファスナを案内するのに特に
適している。
【０１０３】上述の本発明の記述および添付の図面から
明らかなように、本発明の新規な概念および原理の精神
および主旨の範囲内で、無数の変更・変形を行うことが
可能である。
【０１０４】本発明の具体的な実施態様は以下の通りで
ある。 １）前記凸型部材の通路はシリンダ状で、前記シャフト
の遠方端部もシリンダ状である請求項３記載のアセンブ
リ。 ２）前記ソケットは前記遠方端部にしっかりと組み入れ
られて一緒に動く請求項４記載のアセンブリ。 ３）前記ソケットは前記支持ハウジングにしっかりと組
み入れられる請求項４記載のアセンブリ。 ４）前記凸型部材は前記遠方端部にしっかりと組み入れ
られて一緒に動く請求項４記載のアセンブリ。 ５）前記凸型部材は前記支持ハウジングにしっかりと組
み入れられる請求項４記載のアセンブリ。 ６）前記ハウジングはハンドル部を備える手前端を有す
る請求項４記載のアセンブリ。 ７）前記凸型部材は凸型の表面を有し、前記ソケットは
前記凸型の表面が設けられるチューブの開放端によって
区画される請求項４記載のアセンブリ。 ８）前記遠方端部は前記ソケットを区画する開放端を有
するチューブを備え、前記ハウジングは前記凸型部材が
取り付けられ、長手の通路を区画するシャフトを備え、
前記凸型部材は、前記通路が前記シャフトの通路と通ず
る中央部の開口として定められる一部球状の外径を有
し、前記操作器は、前記シャフト上に設けられて前記シ
ャフトに沿って前記凸型部材に接近したり離れたり長手
方向に動く第１および第２の駆動部材の対を含み、この
駆動部材はそれぞれ前記遠方端部にかかり合う遠方端を
有し、前記第１および第２の駆動部材は外側に向いた左
手ねじセグメントと右手ねじセグメントをそれぞれ区画
し、前記操作器は、これら駆動部材に取り付けられて前
記シャフトの周りに回転するスリーブを備え、このスリ
ーブは、それぞれ前記駆動部材の左手ねじセグメントと
右手ねじセグメントに操作可能に係合する左手ねじ部と
右手ねじ部を定める内面を有する、操作器を備える請求
項４記載のアセンブリ。 ９）前記ハウジングは長手の軸を定め、かつ内側に突出
するタブを有するソケットを区画する開放端を有するチ
ューブを備え、前記遠方端部は、前記凸型部材を有し、
この凸型部材は前記チューブの長手軸に対して斜めの角
度をなす方位の軸を有する通路を区画し、また前記タブ
を受け入れる弧状の溝を区画し、前記操作器はシャフト
を具備し、このシャフトは（１）前記ハウジングチュー
ブの長手軸に整列した手前端と、（２）この手前端から
前記ハウジングチューブの長手軸に対して斜めの角度に
延びる前記チューブにおける中間部と、（３）この中間
部から前記凸型部材の通路まで延び、また回転のためこ
の通路内に配置される遠方端部を有するシャフトであ
る、操作器を備える請求４記載のアセンブリ。 １０）前記ハウジングは長手の軸を定め、かつ内側に突
出するタブを有するソケットを区画する開放端を有する
中空の支持チューブを備え、前記遠方端部は、前記凸型
部材を有し、前記操作器は、前記チューブにおいて前記
凸型部材に間隔を開けて取り付けられる複数の引張りケ
ーブルを備える請求項４記載のアセンブリ。 １１）前記各溝は、チューブが押圧されないとき、断面
がＶ字形である請求項５記載のトラック。 １２）前記通路は、高さが幅よりも小さい請求５記載の
トラック。 １３）前記チューブは、前記二つの相対向する壁に連な
る二つの相対向する接続部を有する請求項５記載のトラ
ック。
【０１０５】
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば、
内視鏡手術具用に、特徴ある折れ曲がり可能なアセンブ
リが提供される。このアセンブリは、内視鏡手術具の終
端効果器の折れ曲がりを制御することができる。また、
このアセンブリは、比較的強度があって、終端効果器の
操作中ならびに折れ曲がりの最中に加えられるモーメン
トや力に耐えることができる。そして、本発明のアセン
ブリは、手術具の手前端から、特に力やトルクを加えな
くても容易に操作することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の折れ曲がり可能アセンブリの一般的な
形態のものを組み入れた手術具の模式図。
【図２】図１とは異なる形態のアセンブリを組み入れた
手術具の模式図。
【図３】 本発明の折れ曲がり可能アセンブリの第１の
態様のものを組み入れた手術具の簡略化した斜視図。
【図４】図３の手術具の拡散分解図（一部省略）。
【図５】図３の５−５面に沿ってみた拡大断面図（一部
省略）。
【図６】図３の６−６面に沿ってみた断面図。
【図７】内視鏡手術具に組み入れた折れ曲がり可能アセ
ンブリの第２の態様の断面図（一部省略）。
【図８】図７の手術具の拡散分解図（一部省略）。
【図９】図８の手術具の手前端部の拡散分解図（一部省
略）。
【図１０】図７ないし９に示した手術における終端効果
器の折れ曲がりを示す模式図。
【図１１】図７ないし９に示した手術における終端効果
器の折れ曲がりを示す模式図。
【図１２】図７ないし９に示した手術における終端効果
器の折れ曲がりを示す模式図。
【図１３】図７ないし９に示した手術における終端効果
器の折れ曲がりを示す模式図。
【図１４】内視鏡手術具に組み入れた折れ曲がり可能ア
センブリの第３の態様の斜視図（一部省略）。
【図１５】図１４の手術具の拡大断面図（一部省略）。
【図１６】図１５の１６−１６面に沿った断面図。
【図１７】図１４ないし１６の手術具の拡大斜視図（一
部省略）。
【図１８】図１４ないし１７の手術具の後方からの斜視
図。
【図１９】図１８の１９−１９面に沿った拡大断面図
（一部省略）。
【図２０】図１８において、手術具の外形を二点鎖線で
示して内部の詳細を明らかにした図。
【図２１】図１４ないし２０に示した手術具の変形例を
示す斜視図（一部省略）。
【図２２】図２１の２２−２２面に沿った拡大断面図
（一部省略）。
【図２３】本発明の他の態様に係る、結紮クリップを案
内するためのトラックを備えた手術具に組み入れた本発
明の折れ曲がり可能アセンブリの第４の態様を示す断面
図（一部省略）。
【図２４】図２３の２４−２４面に沿った断面図。
【図２５】図２３の２５−２５面に沿った断面図。
【図２６】図２３ないし２５に示した手術具に用いる結
紮クリップの斜視図（一部省略）。
【図２７】図２６に示したトラックの端部正面図。
【図２８】曲がったトラックの一面における斜視図（一
部省略）。
【図２９】曲がったトラックの図２８とは異なる面にお
ける斜視図（一部省略）。
【符号の説明】
３１ 遠方端部 ３４ 支持ハウジング ３６ 終端効果器 ４０ ソケット ４４ 凸型部材 ４８ 折れ曲がり操作器 ５０ 通路 ５２ アクチュエータ ５４ 終端効果器アクチュエータ
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 スティーブン・バーネット アメリカ合衆国、45069 オハイオ州、ウ エスト・チェスター、カインドルウッド・ ドライブ 5307 (72)発明者 ジャック・イー・スミス アメリカ合衆国、45414 オハイオ州、デ イトン、リトル・ヨーク・ロード 3477 (72)発明者 マーク・フォゲルバーグ アメリカ合衆国、97070 オレゴン州、ウ ィルソンビル、サウスウエスト・エリグセ ン・ロード 8275 (72)発明者 イー・デビッド・アレン アメリカ合衆国、45053 オハイオ州、オ ケアナ、サウス・ドワイヤー 7513

Claims (5)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】 内視鏡手術において用いる手術具のため
    の折れ曲がり可能なアセンブリであって、 体腔内での外科手術用に組織を取扱う終端効果具を支持
    する遠方端部であって、ソケットを区画する開放端を有
    する遠方端部と、 長手の通路を有し、前記ソケットに収められる凸型部材
    で終端する長手のシャフトであって、前記凸型部材は一
    部球形の外形を有して、前記終端効果器をアクチュエー
    トするため前記ハウジングから延びるアクチュエータを
    収めるよう前記シャフトの通路と通ずる通路を区画す
    る、シャフトと、 前記シャフト上にあって、前記遠方端部を前記長手シャ
    フトとの整列状態に到らせたりあるいは整列状態から遠
    ざけるよう移動させるための操作器であって、この操作
    器は、前記シャフト上に設けられて前記シャフトに沿っ
    て前記凸型部材に接近したり離れたり長手方向に動く第
    １および第２の駆動部材の対を含み、この駆動部材はそ
    れぞれ前記遠方端部にかかり合う遠方端を有し、前記第
    １および第２の駆動部材は外側に向いた左手ねじセグメ
    ントと右手ねじセグメントをそれぞれ区画し、前記操作
    器は、これら駆動部材に取り付けられて前記シャフトの
    周りに回転するスリーブを備え、このスリーブは、それ
    ぞれ前記駆動部材の左手ねじセグメントと右手ねじセグ
    メントに操作可能に係合する左手ねじ部と右手ねじ部を
    定める内面を有する、操作器を備えるアセンブリ。
  2. 【請求項２】 内視鏡手術において用いる手術具のため
    の折れ曲がり可能なアセンブリであって、 長手の軸を定め、かつソケットを区画する開放端を有す
    る中空の支持チューブと、 体腔内での外科手術用中に組織を取扱う終端効果器を有
    する遠方端部であって、この遠方端部は、前記ソケット
    に収められて通路を区画する凸型部材を有し、この通路
    は前記支持チューブから前記通路を通って前記終端効果
    器をアクチュエートするアクチュエータを収めるもので
    ある、遠方端部と、 前記支持チューブから延びて、前記凸型部材に取り付け
    られる複数の引っ張りケーブルであって、このケーブル
    は、前記遠方端部を前記支持チューブとの整列状態に到
    らせたりあるいは遠ざけたりするよう動かすため互いに
    離隔した位置に取り付けられる、ケーブルを備えるアセ
    ンブリ。
  3. 【請求項３】 内視鏡手術において用いる手術具のため
    の折れ曲がり可能なアセンブリであって、 長手の軸を定め、かつ内側に突出するタブを有するソケ
    ットを区画する開放端を有する長手の支持チューブと、 体腔内での外科手術中に組織を取扱う終端効果器を支持
    する遠方端部であって、この遠方端部は、前記ソケット
    に収められて通路を区画する凸型部材を有し、この凸型
    部材は前記チューブの長手軸に対して斜めの角度をなす
    方位の軸を有する通路を区画し、また前記タブを受け入
    れる弧状の溝を区画する、遠方端部と、 前記シャフト上にあって、前記遠方端部を前記長手シャ
    フトとの整列状態に到らせたりあるいは整列状態から遠
    ざけるよう移動させるための操作器であって、この操作
    器はシャフトを具備し、このシャフトは（１）前記長手
    軸に整列したチューブにおける手前端と、（２）この手
    前端から前記長手軸に対して斜めの角度に延びる前記チ
    ューブにおける中間部と、（３）この中間部から前記凸
    型部材の通路まで延び、また回転のためこの通路内に配
    置される遠方端部を有するシャフトであり、このシャフ
    トの一部は、前記支持チューブからこのシャフトを通っ
    て延び、前記終端効果器を駆動させるアクチュエータを
    収める、操作器を備えるアセンブリ。
  4. 【請求項４】 内視鏡手術において用いる手術具のため
    の折れ曲がり可能なアセンブリであって、 体腔内での外科手術中に組織を取扱う終端効果器を支持
    する遠方端部と、 長手の支持ハウジングと、このハウジングを前記遠方端
    部に接続する折れ曲がり可能なジョイントであって、こ
    のジョイントは中空のソケットと、このソケットに収め
    られて前記ハウジングからこのジョイントを通って前記
    終端効果器をアクチュエートするアクチュエータを収め
    る通路を区画する凸型部材を備えるジョイントと、 前記ハウジング上にあって前記ソケットと凸型部材の一
    方まで延びる操作器であって、前記遠方端部を前記ハウ
    ジングとの整列状態に到らせたりあるいは整列状態から
    遠ざけるよう移動させるための操作器を備えるアセンブ
    リ。
  5. 【請求項５】 内視鏡手術において用いる手術具におけ
    る折れ曲がり可能なジョイントを通じて少なくとも一個
    の外科用ファスナを案内するためのトラックであって、 前記ジョイントを通じて曲げに適応するため十分に可撓
    性のある材料でできたチューブであって、このチューブ
    は、長手で断面が十字形の通路を有し、前記ファスナが
    この通路に沿って移動する間、このファスナを所定の方
    位に適応かつ維持し、前記チューブの通路は少なくとも
    一部は二つの相対向する壁で区画され、この壁は、互い
    にこの壁の他方に向けて開口したそれぞれ長手の溝を区
    画し、このためこの溝は圧縮もしくは引っ張り曲げ荷重
    に対応して変形することができる、チューブを具備する
    トラック。
JP6262032A 1993-09-30 1994-09-29 内視鏡手術具用の折れ曲がり可能なソケットジョイントアセンブリおよび手術用ファスナのトラック Pending JPH07163574A (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/130,068 US5405344A (en) 1993-09-30 1993-09-30 Articulable socket joint assembly for an endoscopic instrument for surgical fastner track therefor
US130068 1998-08-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH07163574A true JPH07163574A (ja) 1995-06-27

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ID=22442909

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Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5405344A (ja)
EP (1) EP0646356A3 (ja)
JP (1) JPH07163574A (ja)
AU (1) AU682710B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA2133182A1 (ja)

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JP2010069290A (ja) * 2008-08-20 2010-04-02 Ntn Corp 遠隔操作型アクチュエータ
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US5405344A (en) 1995-04-11
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AU7431694A (en) 1995-04-13
CA2133182A1 (en) 1995-03-31
AU682710B2 (en) 1997-10-16

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