JPH07144902A - 炭化水素の水蒸気改質方法 - Google Patents
炭化水素の水蒸気改質方法Info
- Publication number
- JPH07144902A JPH07144902A JP6202443A JP20244394A JPH07144902A JP H07144902 A JPH07144902 A JP H07144902A JP 6202443 A JP6202443 A JP 6202443A JP 20244394 A JP20244394 A JP 20244394A JP H07144902 A JPH07144902 A JP H07144902A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- nickel
- steam reforming
- copper
- ammonia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011021 bench scale process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Beryllium oxide Chemical compound O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 refined offgas Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1005—Arrangement or shape of catalyst
- C01B2203/1011—Packed bed of catalytic structures, e.g. particles, packing elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1005—Arrangement or shape of catalyst
- C01B2203/1011—Packed bed of catalytic structures, e.g. particles, packing elements
- C01B2203/1017—Packed bed of catalytic structures, e.g. particles, packing elements characterised by the form of the structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
- C01B2203/1058—Nickel catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1076—Copper or zinc-based catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1082—Composition of support materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
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- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1247—Higher hydrocarbons
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
素質供給源を接触水蒸気改質する方法において、供給源
を触媒中のニッケルの量に基づいて計算して0.001
〜10重量%の量の銅を更に含有する担持ニッケル触媒
と接触させる。 【効果】 全プロセス効率に悪影響を及ぼすことなしに
炭化水素の水蒸気改質においてアンモニアの生成を防
ぐ。
Description
により水素および/または一酸化炭素富化ガスの製造に
関する。より詳しくは、本発明は炭化水素供給源の水蒸
気改質に使用する銅含有ニッケル改質触媒に関する。
公知の製造方法においては、炭化水素および水蒸気およ
び/または二酸化炭素の混合物を、高温、高圧下に活性
触媒成分として主としてニッケルからなる触媒が充填さ
れた反応器に通過させる。
て、例えば天然ガス、精製オフガス、プロパン、ナフサ
および液化石油ガスが挙げられる。メタンを例にとる
と、生じる反応は以下等式で示される。
気改質に続いての凝縮および気液分離処理によって加工
する。次いで、主として水からなる液体プロセス凝縮物
を水蒸気発生用のボイラーを介して水蒸気改質部分に再
循環のために戻す。
多くのプラントにおいては水溶性成分および塩の除去処
理に付さなければなければならない。この目的のため
に、凝縮物を代表的にはイオン交換樹脂を使用して操作
する脱イオン装置に通過させる。
点はプロセス凝縮物、特に一定地域からの天然ガス等の
高い窒素含有量を有する供給源の水蒸気改質からの凝縮
物を精製する際に生じる。
気改質触媒床を通過させると (4) N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 の反応により水素と反応してアンモニアとなる。原料生
成物ガス中のアンモニアは、ガスの加工の際に略定量的
にプロセス凝縮物中に除去される。プロセス凝縮物中の
300ppmまでの量のアンモニアは、天然ガスの水蒸
気改質からの原料生成物を加工する際には通常の範囲で
ある。
凝縮物の脱イオンに使用される高価なイオン交換材料の
再生または更新を頻繁に必要とし、これは水蒸気改質法
の操作に不便である。
率に悪影響を及ぼすことなしに炭化水素の水蒸気改質に
おいてアンモニアの生成を防ぐことが本発明の主要な目
的である。
水蒸気改質触媒中に銅を含有させると窒素含有供給源の
水蒸気改質において望ましくないアンモニアの生成が激
減することを新たに見出した。銅はニッケル触媒の触媒
活性を若干減少させるが、触媒はなおも水蒸気改質に対
して十分有効な活性を有している。
は、アンモニアの生成を減じながら、窒素含有炭素質供
給源を接触水蒸気改質する方法において、供給源を触媒
中のニッケルの量に基づいて計算して0.001〜10
重量%の量の銅を更に含有する担持ニッケル触媒と接触
させる方法に関する。
ニッケルおよび銅含有水溶液に含浸し、含浸された材料
を空中で焼成する方法を含む当該技術分野に従来使用さ
れているいずれかの方法で製造できる。 別の方法は、
担体材料の可溶性の塩、ニッケル、銅の共沈である。空
気中で加熱すると金属酸化物を生成する塩化物、硝酸
塩、炭酸塩、酢酸塩およびシュウ酸塩である。
チタニア、シリカ、ジルコニア、ベリリア、トリア、ラ
ンタニア、酸化カルシウムおよびこれらの化合物または
混合物からなる群より選択される。好ましい材料は、ア
ルミナまたはマグネシウムアルミニウムスピネルであ
る。
の含有量およびプロセス凝縮物中で許容されるアンモニ
アの量に依存する。全触媒重量に基づいて計算して0.
1〜0.5重量%の銅の濃度で通常アンモニア生成の十
分な抑制が提供され、その結果プロセス凝縮物中50p
pm未満のアンモニア濃度となる。ニッケル−銅触媒は
通常管状反応器中で固定床として配置される。
物中許容されるアンモニア濃度に依存して、従来のニッ
ケル水蒸気改質触媒の固形床中に下層(sublayer)として
配置することで十分であろう。従って、ニッケル−銅触
媒層は触媒床の25〜75%を構成するのが好ましい。
プルを、スピネル担体(MgAl2 SO4 )を混合ニッ
ケル/銅硝酸塩の水溶液で含浸することによって調製し
た。含浸担体を最終的に空気中で焼成することによって
硝酸塩を酸化物に分解した。
素との等量の流動混合物中で800℃に加熱する際に活
性化した。活性化の際に、担体に担持されたニッケル/
銅酸化物を金属状態に還元した。工業的な操作の際に触
媒の焼成を考慮するために温度を800℃でさらに15
0時間保持する。
取り出し、そして以下の条件下でのメタン水蒸気改質お
よびアンモニア合成に関する固有活性の測定に先だって
より小さい粒径に破砕した。
0℃で拡散制限し(diffusion restriction) 、従って表
1に示した活性は、周知のアレニウスグラフ(Arrhenius
graph) により低温で得られた活性の外挿により得られ
た。
を、さらに工業的操作をシュミレーションする高圧下で
ダウンフローで操作されるメタン水蒸気改質ベンチ−ス
ケール反応器中で試験した。
た。触媒床の頂部75%は、両方の試験においてハルド
ール・トプサー社(デンマーク)製の従来の水蒸気改質
触媒R−67Rで負荷した。試験を以下の条件下で行っ
た。 触媒サイズ mm 3.4〜5.0 触媒量 g 95.0 温度 入口/出口 ℃ 500/865 圧力 バール 18.6 供給ガス組成 Nl/時 CH4 109.0 H2 O 325.0 H2 2.5 N2 3.7 観察された案模に生成に関する結果を表2に示す。2種
類の異なる触媒の性能はこれ以外は相違がなかった。 表2 ベンチ−スケールメタン水蒸気改質の際のアンモニア生
成 プロセス凝縮物中のアンモニア(重量ppm) 水蒸気上の時間 ニッケル触媒 銅/ニッケル触媒 20 325 140 100 310 100 200 230 85 300 255 75 400 235 70 450 230 65
Claims (4)
- 【請求項1】 アンモニアの生成を減じながら、窒素含
有炭素質供給源を接触水蒸気改質する方法において、供
給源を触媒中のニッケルの量に基づいて計算して0.0
01〜10重量%の量の銅を更に含有する担持ニッケル
触媒と接触させる上記方法。 - 【請求項2】 触媒中の銅の量が全触媒重量に基づい
て計算して0.03〜0.50重量%である請求項1の
方法。 - 【請求項3】 銅含有ニッケル触媒が通例のニッケル水
蒸気改質触媒の固定床中に下層として配置される請求項
1の方法。 - 【請求項4】 下層が全触媒床の25%〜75%を構成
する請求項3の方法。
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DK0974/93 | 1993-08-27 | ||
DK199300974A DK174087B1 (da) | 1993-08-27 | 1993-08-27 | Fremgangsmåde til dampreforming af nitrogenholdige carbonhydrider med reduceret dannelse af ammoniak |
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JPH07144902A true JPH07144902A (ja) | 1995-06-06 |
JP2958242B2 JP2958242B2 (ja) | 1999-10-06 |
Family
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JP6202443A Expired - Lifetime JP2958242B2 (ja) | 1993-08-27 | 1994-08-26 | 炭化水素の水蒸気改質方法 |
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US (1) | US5498404A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0640560B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2958242B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR0124987B1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU673451B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2130953C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69407692T2 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK174087B1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2111811T3 (ja) |
NO (1) | NO311207B1 (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ264308A (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2132228C1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA946517B (ja) |
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JP2002293508A (ja) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-09 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 水素製造プラントおよび水素製造方法 |
JP2007069105A (ja) * | 2005-09-06 | 2007-03-22 | Toshiba Corp | 触媒及び触媒の製造方法 |
JP2010029856A (ja) * | 2009-09-14 | 2010-02-12 | Toshiba Corp | 触媒及び触媒の製造方法 |
WO2013042314A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-03-28 | パナソニック株式会社 | 水素含有ガスの生成方法および燃料電池システムの運転方法 |
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EP1013603A1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2000-06-28 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Process for catalytical steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock |
FR2795339B1 (fr) * | 1999-06-24 | 2001-09-21 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Catalyseur et procede de reformage de l'ethanol ainsi que systeme de pile a combustible les utilisant |
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EP1454671A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-08 | Karsten Pedersen | A catalyst for use in production of hydrogen by conversion of organic matter in water |
JP4706857B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-30 | 2011-06-22 | 戸田工業株式会社 | 金属カルボニルを除去する触媒、水素を含む混合改質ガスを製造する方法、金属カルボニルを除去する方法、燃料電池システム |
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JP5812253B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-27 | 2015-11-11 | 戸田工業株式会社 | 炭化水素を分解する触媒及び燃料電池システム |
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JP2002293508A (ja) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-09 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 水素製造プラントおよび水素製造方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ264308A (en) | 1996-03-26 |
DE69407692D1 (de) | 1998-02-12 |
CA2130953A1 (en) | 1995-02-28 |
EP0640560B1 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
RU2132228C1 (ru) | 1999-06-27 |
EP0640560A1 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
NO943145D0 (no) | 1994-08-25 |
DK97493A (da) | 1995-02-28 |
AU673451B2 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
DK97493D0 (da) | 1993-08-27 |
KR950005962A (ko) | 1995-03-20 |
CA2130953C (en) | 2002-07-30 |
JP2958242B2 (ja) | 1999-10-06 |
KR0124987B1 (ko) | 1997-11-27 |
RU94031156A (ru) | 1996-08-20 |
DE69407692T2 (de) | 1998-04-16 |
US5498404A (en) | 1996-03-12 |
AU7147394A (en) | 1995-03-09 |
DK174087B1 (da) | 2002-06-03 |
ZA946517B (en) | 1995-03-28 |
NO943145L (no) | 1995-02-28 |
NO311207B1 (no) | 2001-10-29 |
ES2111811T3 (es) | 1998-03-16 |
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