JPH07143483A - Adaptive post-processing filter - Google Patents

Adaptive post-processing filter

Info

Publication number
JPH07143483A
JPH07143483A JP28484293A JP28484293A JPH07143483A JP H07143483 A JPH07143483 A JP H07143483A JP 28484293 A JP28484293 A JP 28484293A JP 28484293 A JP28484293 A JP 28484293A JP H07143483 A JPH07143483 A JP H07143483A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
signal
block
component
band
filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP28484293A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2879298B2 (en
Inventor
Norio Suzuki
典生 鈴木
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NEC Engineering Ltd
Original Assignee
NEC Engineering Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NEC Engineering Ltd filed Critical NEC Engineering Ltd
Priority to JP28484293A priority Critical patent/JP2879298B2/en
Publication of JPH07143483A publication Critical patent/JPH07143483A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2879298B2 publication Critical patent/JP2879298B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce block distortion without deteriorating the resolution of an image. CONSTITUTION:A DC component separation circuit 3 obtains a DC component of picture elements in the unit of blocks and replaces all picture elements in the unit of blocks with the obtained DC component to obtain a DC component signal. A subtractor 5 subtracts the DC component signal from a decoded signal to provide an output of a high frequency component signal. A control circuit 2 uses information of a block size of conversion coding obtained from a decoder and a quantization characteristic of each block to adaptively select a band limit characteristic for the control. When the block size is large and the step size of step size quantization characteristics is rough and the high frequency component of a conversion signal is limited in the quantization characteristics, a band limit filter 4 selects space filter characteristics of a narrow frequency band to limit the band of the DC component signal. An adder 6 adds the DC component signal and the high frequency component signal subjected to band limits to obtain an image signal in which block distortion is reduced.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、画像信号をブロックご
とに直交変換しその係数を量子化して符号化伝送する符
号化装置の復号化画像において、量子化雑音のため生じ
るブロック歪を目だたなくするための適応後処理フィル
タに関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention aims at block distortion caused by quantization noise in a decoded image of an encoding device which orthogonally transforms an image signal for each block, quantizes the coefficient and encodes and transmits it. An adaptive post-processing filter for eliminating loss.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】動画像を予測符号化伝送する方式とし
て、予測誤差信号をDCT(Discrete Cosine Transfer)
等で直交変換符号化し、その変換係数を伝送ビットレー
トが一定となるように量子化の特性を切り替えて符号化
伝送するものがある。
2. Description of the Related Art As a method of predictively coding and transmitting a moving image, a prediction error signal is converted into a DCT (Discrete Cosine Transfer).
For example, there is a method in which orthogonal transform coding is performed by using the above method, and the transform coefficient is coded and transmitted by switching the quantization characteristic so that the transmission bit rate becomes constant.

【0003】この方式においては、発生情報量が多い場
合、発生情報量をおさえるために量子化特性を粗くし、
かつ高次の予測係数を送信しないようにして発生情報量
を押さえる。このため粗く量子化された場合、受信側で
符号化して再生された画像信号には画面上で量子化の粗
さによるブロックの歪が目につくことになり、画質劣化
が発生した。
In this system, when the amount of generated information is large, the quantization characteristic is roughened to suppress the amount of generated information.
Moreover, the amount of generated information is suppressed by not transmitting the high-order prediction coefficient. For this reason, when coarsely quantized, the image signal reproduced by encoding on the receiving side has noticeable block distortion due to the coarseness of quantization on the screen, resulting in deterioration of image quality.

【0004】この歪を目立たなくする方法の一つとし
て、図3に示すブロック境界適応フィルタがある。この
フィルタでは、ブロックの境界において不連続な境界が
ある場合には、不連続の様子に応じてフィルタの係数を
変えて、境界部の画像信号に対してフィルタリングを行
って、ブロック境界の歪を少なくする。
As one of the methods for making this distortion inconspicuous, there is a block boundary adaptive filter shown in FIG. In this filter, if there is a discontinuous boundary at the block boundary, the filter coefficient is changed according to the discontinuity, and the image signal at the boundary is filtered to reduce the block boundary distortion. Reduce.

【0005】このフィルタの動作について説明する。復
号器1で復号化された画像信号は、境界状態検出回路1
2で、例えば8×8のブロックの縦または横の境界部分
において、前後または上下に2サンプルづつの画素に対
して、その境界で連続する4サンプルの信号波形の変化
の様子を見て境界のブロック歪の有無の状態検出を行
う。
The operation of this filter will be described. The image signal decoded by the decoder 1 is the boundary state detection circuit 1
2. For example, in the vertical or horizontal boundary portion of an 8 × 8 block, for a pixel of 2 samples before and after or at the top and bottom, the change of the signal waveform of 4 consecutive samples at the boundary is observed and the boundary The state of presence / absence of block distortion is detected.

【0006】その波形の変化の様子が不連続と検出され
た場合には、その部分のブロック境界はブロック歪があ
ると見なし、ブロック境界フィルタ13において境界の
画素の画像信号に対して、水平方向または垂直方向に3
タップ程度の低域通過型フィルタ(LPF)が直接加え
られブロック歪が除かれる。
If the change in the waveform is detected to be discontinuous, it is considered that the block boundary at that portion has block distortion, and the block boundary filter 13 horizontally detects the image signal of the pixel at the boundary. Or 3 vertically
A low pass filter (LPF) with about taps is directly added to remove block distortion.

【0007】画像信号があまりぼけないようにするため
境界の信号波形の不連続の様子の強弱によってフィルタ
の係数を変え、帯域制限の特性を強くしたり弱くしたり
する。切り替え回路14では、ブロックの境界を選択
し、これによって境界部分についてのみブロック境界フ
ィルタで局所的な平滑化を行ってブロック歪の軽減をは
かっている。
In order to prevent the image signal from blurring too much, the coefficient of the filter is changed depending on the strength of the discontinuity of the signal waveform at the boundary to strengthen or weaken the band limitation characteristic. In the switching circuit 14, a block boundary is selected, and thereby, only the boundary portion is locally smoothed by the block boundary filter to reduce block distortion.

【0008】[0008]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】ブロック境界歪が目に
つきやすいのは、低域の周波数成分の方であり、8×8
のブロックの直流成分が隣接する境界で異なる場合によ
り目につくことになる。
Block boundary distortions are more likely to be noticeable in the low frequency components, which is 8 × 8.
It will be more noticeable if the DC components of the blocks are different at adjacent boundaries.

【0009】従来の方式では、再生された画像信号に対
して直接フィルタで帯域制限するため、ブロック歪を除
くためにタップ数を多くして帯域制限特性の強いLPF
を加えると、画像信号がぼけることになる 一方、弱い
特性のLPFでは歪が充分除けない。
In the conventional method, since the band of the reproduced image signal is directly limited by the filter, the number of taps is increased to remove the block distortion, and the LPF having a strong band limiting characteristic is provided.
However, the image signal becomes blurred, while the LPF having a weak characteristic cannot sufficiently remove the distortion.

【0010】すなわち、ブロック境界フィルタは、8×
8のブロックに対して3タップ程度のフィルタであり、
高域成分のブロック境界歪はある程度取り除くことがで
きても、一番目につきやすい8×8のブロックの直流成
分のブロック歪は充分に取り除くことができない。
That is, the block boundary filter is 8 ×
It is a filter of about 3 taps for 8 blocks,
Even if the block boundary distortion of the high frequency component can be removed to some extent, the block distortion of the DC component of the 8 × 8 block, which is the most prominent, cannot be sufficiently removed.

【0011】[0011]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明による適応後処理
フィルタは、画像信号をブロック単位に直交変換する符
号化を用いてデータ圧縮符号化された画像信号を復号化
する復号器からの復号化された画像信号の復号信号に対
してブロック単位の画素の直流成分を得て、ブロック単
位の画素全部を得られた直流成分に置き換えて直流成分
信号を得る手段と、復号信号から直流成分信号を減算し
て高域成分信号を出力する手段と、復号器から得られた
変換符号化のブロックサイズとブロックごとの量子化特
性の情報を用いて適応的に帯域制限特性を切り替え制御
する制御手段と、ブロックサイズが大きく量子化特性の
ステップサイズ量子化特性のステップサイズが粗く、変
換信号の高域成分が制限された量子化特性の場合は、よ
り狭い周波数帯域の空間フィルタ特性を選択して直流成
分信号を帯域制限するフィルタ手段と、帯域制限された
直流成分信号と高域成分信号とを加算してブロック歪を
減少させた画像信号を得る手段とを有することを特徴と
する。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An adaptive post-processing filter according to the present invention is a decoder for decoding a data-compressed image signal using encoding for orthogonally transforming an image signal in block units. Means for obtaining a DC component of a pixel in block units for the decoded signal of the image signal obtained, replacing all the pixels in a block unit with the obtained DC component to obtain a DC component signal, and a DC component signal from the decoded signal Means for subtracting and outputting a high frequency component signal; control means for adaptively switching control of band limiting characteristics using information on the transform coding block size and quantization characteristics for each block obtained from the decoder; , If the block size is large and the quantization characteristic step size is coarse and the quantization characteristic step size is limited and the high frequency component of the converted signal is limited, a narrower frequency band And a filter unit for selecting a spatial filter characteristic to band-limit the DC component signal, and a unit for adding the band-limited DC component signal and the high-frequency component signal to obtain an image signal with reduced block distortion. Is characterized by.

【0012】[0012]

【実施例】次に、本発明の実施例について図面を参照し
て説明する。
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.

【0013】図1は本発明の第一の実施例のブロック図
である。復号器1に入力される信号は、送信側(図示せ
ず)で画像信号をフレーム間符号化した予測誤差信号を
DCTして変換係数を適応的に量子化して符号化された
信号である。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention. The signal input to the decoder 1 is a signal that is coded by DCT of the prediction error signal obtained by inter-frame coding the image signal on the transmission side (not shown) and adaptively quantizing the transform coefficient.

【0014】復号器1では、送られてきたDCT変換さ
れた予測誤差信号に対して復号化が行われて画像信号が
復号化される。画像信号は、直流西部信号分離回路3お
よび遅延回路7を介して、減算器5へ送られる。また、
画面上の8×8のブロックの境界を示す信号が制御回路
2へ送られる。
The decoder 1 decodes the transmitted DCT-transformed prediction error signal to decode the image signal. The image signal is sent to the subtractor 5 via the DC western signal separation circuit 3 and the delay circuit 7. Also,
A signal indicating the boundary of the 8 × 8 block on the screen is sent to the control circuit 2.

【0015】直流成分分離回路3では、画像信号から8
×8のブロックの直流成分を求め、8×8のブロック内
のすべての画素について、求められた直流成分の値を直
流成分信号として出力する。
In the DC component separation circuit 3, 8 is extracted from the image signal.
The DC component of the × 8 block is calculated, and the value of the calculated DC component is output as a DC component signal for all the pixels in the 8 × 8 block.

【0016】8×8のブロックの直流成分を求める方法
としては、8×8の全画素の値を加算して平均値を求め
る。減算器5では、遅延回路7を介して供給された画像
信号からブロックごとの直流成分信号が画素ごとに減算
されて交流成分が求められる。求められた交流成分は、
遅延回路8を介して、加算器6へ供給される。
As a method for obtaining the DC component of the 8 × 8 block, the values of all 8 × 8 pixels are added to obtain the average value. The subtractor 5 subtracts the DC component signal for each block from the image signal supplied via the delay circuit 7 for each pixel to obtain an AC component. The calculated AC component is
It is supplied to the adder 6 via the delay circuit 8.

【0017】帯域制限フィルタ4は、8×8のブロック
ごとの直流成分信号を充分に平滑化する2次元のLPF
である。8×8のブロックごとの直流成分信号はブロッ
クごとにサンプリングされたと等価であり、画素ごとの
標本化に比べ縦および横とも1/8の信号帯域が含まれ
ることになる。
The band limiting filter 4 is a two-dimensional LPF for sufficiently smoothing a DC component signal for each 8 × 8 block.
Is. The 8 × 8 DC component signal for each block is equivalent to being sampled for each block, and includes 1/8 of the vertical and horizontal signal bands as compared with sampling for each pixel.

【0018】すなわち、ブロックから画素ごとの再標本
化による補間で折り返し歪を充分に取り除いてブロック
境界を充分に平滑化するために、帯域制限フィルタ4
は、縦および横の方向に帯域1/8を各々程度に制限す
るLPFの特性を有しており、帯域制限を行った信号を
出力する。
That is, in order to sufficiently remove the aliasing distortion from the block by interpolation by re-sampling for each pixel and sufficiently smooth the block boundary, the band limiting filter 4
Has the characteristics of an LPF that limits the band 1/8 in the vertical and horizontal directions to a degree, and outputs a band-limited signal.

【0019】帯域制限フィルタの簡単な例として、Z関
数の−4次から4次までの係数が(1,2,2,2,
2,2,2,2,1)であるトランスバーサル型のフィ
ルタ特性がある。縦方向に同じ特性を用いるとすると、
1ライン遅延ごとの係数が同じ値のトランスバーサルフ
ィルタで構成できる。2次元の帯域制限フィルタは、縦
と横が独立であるとすれば、縦と横の特性の積となり簡
単に構成できる。他の例として、係数が(1,2,2,
2,1)では1/4に、(1,2,1)では1/2に帯
域制限できる。
As a simple example of the band limiting filter, the coefficients from the -4th order to the 4th order of the Z function are (1, 2, 2, 2,
There is a transversal type filter characteristic of 2, 2, 2, 2, 1). If you use the same characteristics in the vertical direction,
A transversal filter having the same coefficient for each line delay can be used. The two-dimensional band-limiting filter is a product of vertical and horizontal characteristics, and can be easily configured if vertical and horizontal are independent. As another example, the coefficients are (1, 2, 2,
The band can be limited to 1/4 in 2,1) and to 1/2 in (1,2,1).

【0020】帯域制限フィルタ4では、帯域制限された
直流成分信号は加算器6へ供給され、減算器5からの交
流成分信号と加算して画素ごとの画像信号を出力する。
In the band limiting filter 4, the band-limited DC component signal is supplied to the adder 6 and is added to the AC component signal from the subtractor 5 to output an image signal for each pixel.

【0021】帯域制限フィルタ4の他の例として、制御
回路からの制御信号に応じて帯域制限の特性を切り替え
る方法もある。視覚的に画像内容が複雑なところがあ
り、変化が少ない平坦部の方がブロック歪が目につきや
すくなるので、画像内が平坦であるかを検出し、平坦部
であるときはLPFの通過帯域幅を狭くし、複雑な部分
であるときは広くする。
As another example of the band limiting filter 4, there is a method of switching the band limiting characteristic according to a control signal from the control circuit. Since the image content is visually complicated and the block distortion is more noticeable in the flat part where the change is small, it is detected whether or not the image is flat, and when it is the flat part, the pass band width of the LPF. Is narrowed, and when it is complicated, it is widened.

【0022】また、ブロック歪が大きく発生するのは、
DCT係数を量子化する特性がその中でも特に直流に近
い成分の特性が粗くなる場合があるので、量子化特性が
粗い場合は、帯域制限フィルタの通過帯域幅を狭くし、
細かい場合は帯域を広くする。量子化の粗さは伝送側か
ら送られてくる量子化のモード信号から、画面が複雑か
はDCT係数の量子化のビット配分や、係数値から得ら
れるかまたは再生された画像信号から検出して得ること
ができ、制御回路2ではこれらをもとにフィルタ特性の
切り替え制御を行う。これらの特性切り替えは、連続性
を保つためには帯域幅の異なる多くの特性を備えてお
き、次第に広くまたは狭く変化させる方がより自然な画
像が得られる。
The large block distortion is caused by
Since the characteristic of quantizing the DCT coefficient is particularly rough in some cases, the characteristic of the component close to direct current may become coarse. Therefore, if the quantization characteristic is rough, narrow the pass band width of the band limiting filter,
If it is fine, widen the band. The roughness of the quantization is detected from the quantization mode signal sent from the transmission side, and whether the screen is complex is detected from the bit allocation of the quantization of the DCT coefficient or the image signal obtained or reproduced from the coefficient value. The control circuit 2 controls the switching of the filter characteristics based on the above. In order to maintain continuity, these characteristic switches are provided with many characteristics having different bandwidths, and it is possible to obtain a more natural image by gradually changing the characteristics to be wider or narrower.

【0023】図2を参照すると、本発明の第二の実施例
は、8×8のブロック歪だけでなく、4×4のブロック
歪も目立つ場合の構成方法である。第1段のフィルタ1
0では8×8のブロックについてブロック歪の除去を行
い、第2段のフィルタ20では4×4のブロックについ
てブロック歪の除去を行う。第1段のフィルタ10は、
図1に示した第一の実施例と同じように動作する。
Referring to FIG. 2, the second embodiment of the present invention is a construction method in which not only 8 × 8 block distortion but also 4 × 4 block distortion is conspicuous. First stage filter 1
In 0, block distortion is removed from 8 × 8 blocks, and in the second-stage filter 20, block distortion is removed from 4 × 4 blocks. The first stage filter 10 is
It operates in the same way as the first embodiment shown in FIG.

【0024】第2段のフィルタ20も同様に構成され
る。直流成分分離回路23は、4×4のブロックについ
て直流成分を求めてブロックの画素ごとの直流成分信号
を得る。帯域制限フィルタ24は、4×4のブロックの
直流成分信号のブロック歪を除去する2次元の帯域制限
フィルタである。制御回路22からの制御信号に応じ、
帯域制限特性が切り替え制御される。これにより、4×
4のブロック歪まで、解像度を犠牲にすることなく、減
少させることができる。
The second stage filter 20 is similarly constructed. The DC component separation circuit 23 obtains a DC component for a 4 × 4 block and obtains a DC component signal for each pixel of the block. The band limiting filter 24 is a two-dimensional band limiting filter that removes block distortion of the DC component signal of the 4 × 4 block. According to the control signal from the control circuit 22,
The band limiting characteristic is switched and controlled. This makes 4x
Up to 4 block distortions can be reduced without sacrificing resolution.

【0025】直交変換はDCTに限らず、アダマール変
換等も有効である。画像信号は、符号化伝送された画像
信号に限らず、一般的に直交変換によるブロック歪を有
する復号信号に対してブロック歪を軽減するのに有効で
ある。符号化の方式によっては、直流成分を復号信号か
ら得るのではなく、復号器における復号化の過程から直
接得ることもできる。
The orthogonal transform is not limited to DCT, but Hadamard transform or the like is also effective. The image signal is effective not only for the encoded and transmitted image signal but also for reducing the block distortion of a decoded signal which generally has block distortion due to orthogonal transformation. Depending on the encoding method, the DC component may be obtained directly from the decoding process in the decoder instead of being obtained from the decoded signal.

【0026】[0026]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明において
は、直流成分と高域成分をブロックごとに分離して、直
流成分信号に対して歪を取るための帯域制限フィルタを
設けることによって、画像の解像度を劣化させることな
く、ブロック歪を減少させることができる。
As described above, according to the present invention, the DC component and the high frequency component are separated for each block, and the band limiting filter for removing the distortion of the DC component signal is provided. The block distortion can be reduced without degrading the resolution of.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の第一の実施例のブロック図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】本発明の第二の実施例のブロック図である。FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.

【図3】従来例のブロック図である。FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a conventional example.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 復号器 2,22 制御回路 3,23 直流成分分離回路 4,24 帯域制限フィルタ 5,25 減算器 6,26 加算器 7,8,27,28 遅延回路 10 第1段フィルタ 12 境界状態検出回路 13 ブロック境界フィルタ 14 切替器 20 第2段フィルタ 1 Decoder 2,22 Control Circuit 3,23 DC Component Separation Circuit 4,24 Band Limiting Filter 5,25 Subtractor 6,26 Adder 7,8,27,28 Delay Circuit 10 First Stage Filter 12 Boundary State Detection Circuit 13 Block boundary filter 14 Switching device 20 Second stage filter

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 画像信号をブロック単位に直交変換する
符号化を用いてデータ圧縮符号化された画像信号を復号
化する復号器からの復号化された画像信号の復号信号に
対してブロック単位の画素の直流成分を得て、ブロック
単位の画素全部を得られた直流成分に置き換えて直流成
分信号を得る手段と、 復号信号から直流成分信号を減算して高域成分信号を出
力する手段と、 復号器から得られた変換符号化のブロックサイズとブロ
ックごとの量子化特性の情報を用いて適応的に帯域制限
特性を切り替え制御する制御手段と、 ブロックサイズが大きく量子化特性のステップサイズ量
子化特性のステップサイズが粗く、変換信号の高域成分
が制限された量子化特性の場合は、より狭い周波数帯域
の空間フィルタ特性を選択して直流成分信号を帯域制限
するフィルタ手段と、 帯域制限された直流成分信号と高域成分信号とを加算し
てブロック歪を減少させた画像信号を得る手段とを有す
ることを特徴とする適応後処理フィルタ。
1. A block unit for a decoded signal of a decoded image signal from a decoder for decoding a data compression-coded image signal using coding for orthogonally transforming an image signal in block units. Means for obtaining the DC component of the pixel and replacing all the pixels in block units with the obtained DC component to obtain the DC component signal; and means for subtracting the DC component signal from the decoded signal and outputting the high frequency component signal, Control means for adaptively switching and controlling the band limitation characteristic by using the block size of the transform coding obtained from the decoder and the information of the quantization characteristic for each block, and the block size large step size quantization of the quantization characteristic When the characteristic step size is coarse and the converted signal has high-frequency components with limited quantization characteristics, a spatial filter characteristic with a narrower frequency band is selected to control the DC component signal. An adaptive post-processing filter comprising: a limiting filter means; and a means for adding a band-limited DC component signal and a high-frequency component signal to obtain an image signal with reduced block distortion.
【請求項2】 請求項1記載の適応後処理フィルタを複
数段縦続接続したことを特徴とする適応後処理フィル
タ。
2. An adaptive post-processing filter, wherein the adaptive post-processing filters according to claim 1 are cascade-connected in a plurality of stages.
【請求項3】 前記縦続接続された複数段の適応後処理
フィルタにおいて処理されるブロックサイズが互いに異
なることを特徴とする請求項2記載の適応後処理フィル
タ。
3. The adaptive post-processing filter according to claim 2, wherein the block sizes processed by the cascaded plurality of stages of adaptive post-processing filters are different from each other.
JP28484293A 1993-11-15 1993-11-15 Adaptive post-processing filter Expired - Fee Related JP2879298B2 (en)

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