JPH0713364A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Electrophotographic photoreceptor

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Publication number
JPH0713364A
JPH0713364A JP17495393A JP17495393A JPH0713364A JP H0713364 A JPH0713364 A JP H0713364A JP 17495393 A JP17495393 A JP 17495393A JP 17495393 A JP17495393 A JP 17495393A JP H0713364 A JPH0713364 A JP H0713364A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
layer
solvent
boiling point
photoreceptor
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP17495393A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3239147B2 (en
Inventor
Shinji Nosho
伸二 納所
Toshio Fukagai
俊夫 深貝
Yoshiaki Kawasaki
佳明 河崎
Hiroshi Nakai
洋志 中井
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Abstract

PURPOSE:To suppress an abnormal image due to a coating defect so as to provide a high quality image and high durability by specifying viscosity average molecular weight of a binding resin contained in the uppermost layer of a photoreceptor and a content of a residual solvent after heating and drying. CONSTITUTION:A charge generating layer (d) and a charge transporting layer (c) serving as photosensitive layers are provided on a conductive supporting body (a), and a binding resin contained in the uppermost layer charge transporting layer (c) has viscosity average molecular weight of 350000 or more, while a solvent having a boiling point of 135- deg.C or more is contained in the uppermost layer (c) at 100-10000ppm to the whole amount of the photosensitive layer. In other words, in a coating quality of the uppermost layer, it is highly possible to cause an abnormal image when the content of the solvent with a boiling point of 135 deg.C is 100ppm or less, while density unevenness is likely caused by repeated use when the content is 10000ppm or more. Therefore, the high viscosity uppermost layer can be formed while maintaining a coating quality and an electric characteristic when the solvent content is specified.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は電子写真用感光体に関
し、更に詳しくは最表層がスプレー塗布又はノズル塗布
により形成された高耐久化塗膜からなる場合であって
も、高い塗膜品質を有し異常画像発生が抑制された電子
写真用感光体に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and more specifically, it provides high coating quality even when the outermost layer is a highly durable coating formed by spray coating or nozzle coating. The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoconductor in which the occurrence of abnormal images is suppressed.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来、電子写真用感光体としては、導電
性支持体上にセレンないしセレン合金を主体とする光導
電層を設けたもの、酸化亜鉛、硫化カドミウムなどの無
機光導電材料をバインダー中に分散させたもの、ポリ−
N−ビニルカルバゾールとトリニトロフルオレノンある
いはアゾ顔料などの有機光導電材料を用いたもの及び非
晶質シリコンを用いたもの等が一般に知られている。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as electrophotographic photoreceptors, those having a photoconductive layer mainly composed of selenium or a selenium alloy on a conductive support, or an inorganic photoconductive material such as zinc oxide or cadmium sulfide are used as a binder. Dispersed in, poly-
Those using N-vinylcarbazole and an organic photoconductive material such as trinitrofluorenone or an azo pigment, and those using amorphous silicon are generally known.

【0003】近年では原材料及び製造コストが安い、環
境汚染が少ない、比較的自由な感光体設計ができる、高
感度である等の理由により、有機系感光体の研究開発が
さかんであり、その発展はめざましい。この有機系感光
体の課題の一つに、高耐久化がある。有機系感光体は、
主原材が文字どうり有機物であるため、a−Si、As
2Se3等の無機感光体と比較した場合、原材料自身の機
械的性質の差により、感光体としての表面硬度、耐刷性
等の点で十分とは言い難く、まだまだ改良の余地があ
る。
In recent years, research and development of organic photoconductors have been vigorous due to reasons such as low cost of raw materials and manufacturing, low environmental pollution, relatively free photoconductor design, and high sensitivity. Remarkable. One of the problems of this organic photoreceptor is high durability. The organic photoreceptor is
Since the main raw material is an organic substance, it is a-Si, As
When compared with an inorganic photoconductor such as 2 Se 3 , it is difficult to say that the surface hardness and printing durability of the photoconductor are sufficient due to the difference in the mechanical properties of the raw materials themselves, and there is still room for improvement.

【0004】ところが、最近になって、有機系感光体の
高耐久化の研究等により、例えば電荷発生層(CG
L)、電荷輸送層(CTL)を順に積層した系では、C
TL中の結着樹脂の重合度を大きくすることで、その耐
刷性が大きく向上すること等、感光体最表層の結着樹脂
の重合度と感光体耐刷性との間に相関が見い出され、有
機性感光体の最表層には、より重合度の高い結着樹脂の
採用が望まれるようになった。
However, recently, for example, due to researches for improving the durability of organic photoconductors, charge generation layer (CG
L) and a charge transport layer (CTL) are laminated in this order, C
By increasing the degree of polymerization of the binder resin in TL, the printing durability is greatly improved. For example, a correlation was found between the degree of polymerization of the binder resin on the outermost layer of the photoreceptor and the photoreceptor durability. Accordingly, it has been desired to use a binder resin having a higher degree of polymerization as the outermost surface layer of the organic photoreceptor.

【0005】一方、有機系感光体の塗工方法としては、
ビートコート法、ノズルコート法、ブレードコート法、
ディッピング法、スプレーコート法などがある。中で
も、スプレーコート法とノズルコート法は、塗工時の液
量が少量でもよいこと、積層感光体の場合に下層塗膜に
より上層塗工液を汚さないこと、塗工液の固形分濃度が
低いため溶剤の選択可能範囲が広いこと、つぎめなく塗
工可能なこと、長手方向の膜厚均一性が優れること等の
観点から、有機系感光体の塗工方法のうち、重要度、必
要性の高い塗工方法の一つであると考えられている。
On the other hand, as a method for coating an organic photoreceptor,
Beat coat method, nozzle coat method, blade coat method,
There are dipping method, spray coating method and the like. Among them, the spray coating method and the nozzle coating method, the amount of liquid at the time of coating may be small, in the case of a laminated photoreceptor, the lower coating film does not stain the upper coating liquid, the solid content concentration of the coating liquid is Since the solvent selection range is low, the solvent can be applied without spattering, and the film thickness uniformity in the longitudinal direction is excellent. It is considered to be one of the highly effective coating methods.

【0006】ところが、このスプレー塗工法で、前述し
た重合度の高い結着樹脂を製膜すると、結着樹脂の重合
度が高くなるにつれて(即ち、より高耐久化を指向する
と)塗膜品質が劣悪化し、画像上濃淡ムラ等の異常画像
を発生することが判明した。このときの塗膜品質を解析
したところ、塗膜品質の劣悪化には大きく分けて二通り
のケースがあり、一つは1mm以下のピッチの細かな粗
れ(高周波の粗れ)、もう一つは3〜10cmピッチで
現われる大きな膜厚ムラ(低周波の粗れ)であった。こ
れらの粗れと画像品質との関係を調べたところ、高周波
の粗れは、となりあう凹凸の高さの差が3μmを超える
と、ハーフトーン画像にザラツキや濃淡ムラを与え、実
用上問題となる。また、低周波の粗れは、同様にとなり
あう凹凸の高さの差が3μmを超えた場合、ハーフトー
ン画像及び黒ベタ画像に濃度差を与え、実用に供し得な
いことが判明した。
However, when the above-mentioned binder resin having a high degree of polymerization is formed into a film by this spray coating method, the coating quality becomes higher as the degree of polymerization of the binder resin becomes higher (that is, when aiming at higher durability). It was found that the image quality deteriorated and an abnormal image such as uneven density was generated on the image. When the coating quality at this time was analyzed, there were roughly two cases of deterioration of coating quality, one being fine roughness with a pitch of 1 mm or less (roughness of high frequency) and the other. The third was a large film thickness unevenness (low frequency roughness) that appeared at a pitch of 3 to 10 cm. When the relationship between the roughness and the image quality was examined, it was found that the high-frequency roughness causes a grainy or uneven density on the halftone image when the difference in height between the adjacent irregularities exceeds 3 μm, which is a practical problem. Become. Further, it was found that the low frequency roughness gives a density difference to the halftone image and the solid black image and cannot be put to practical use when the difference in height of the concavo-convex portions which are also similar to each other exceeds 3 μm.

【0007】更に検討を進めたところ、この高周波の粗
れと低周波の粗れはトレードオフ関係にあり、結着樹脂
の重合度を大きくすればする程、より一層トレードオフ
の関係は激しくなり、粘度平均分子量35,000以上
の結着樹脂を含む最表層は、従来のスプレー塗工法及び
ノズル塗工法では、低周波粗れ、高周波粗れを共に3μ
m以下に抑制することは困難であって、実用に耐え得る
塗膜品質及び画像品質が得られないことが判明した。従
って、従来のスプレー塗工法、ノズル塗工法を利用して
も、粘度平均分子量35,000以上の結着樹脂を含む
最表層を良好に形成し得る最表層の構成・処方の開発が
求められている。
As a result of further studies, the high-frequency roughness and the low-frequency roughness have a trade-off relationship. The greater the degree of polymerization of the binder resin, the stronger the trade-off relationship. , The outermost layer containing a binder resin having a viscosity average molecular weight of 35,000 or more has both a low frequency roughness and a high frequency roughness of 3 μm in the conventional spray coating method and nozzle coating method.
It has been found that it is difficult to suppress the thickness to m or less, and it is not possible to obtain a coating film quality and image quality that can be practically used. Therefore, even if the conventional spray coating method or nozzle coating method is used, it is required to develop a constitution / formulation of the outermost layer capable of favorably forming the outermost layer containing the binder resin having a viscosity average molecular weight of 35,000 or more. There is.

【0008】[0008]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】従って、本発明は上記
従来技術の実情に鑑みてなされたものであって、少なく
とも最表層をスプレー塗布又はノズル塗布した電子写真
用感光体において、塗膜欠陥(高周波凹凸及び低周波凹
凸)に基づく異常画像が抑制された高画質で且つ高耐久
な電子写真用感光体を提供することを、その目的とす
る。また、本発明は、上記の高画質且つ高耐久な電子写
真用感光体の電気特性の安定化を図ることを、その目的
とする。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances of the prior art. In the electrophotographic photosensitive member having at least the outermost layer spray-coated or nozzle-coated, coating film defects ( It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-quality and highly durable electrophotographic photoreceptor in which abnormal images due to high-frequency irregularities and low-frequency irregularities are suppressed. Another object of the present invention is to stabilize the electrical characteristics of the above electrophotographic photoreceptor having high image quality and high durability.

【0009】[0009]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは種々検討し
た結果、光導電性材料及びその他の感光体の構成材料
は、物理的あるいは化学的な安定性の点から、その加熱
条件は制約を受け、その許容される加熱乾燥条件の範囲
内においては、最表層樹脂の粘度平均分子量及び加熱乾
燥後の最表層に残留する溶媒と、形成される最表層塗膜
品質及び電気特性との間の相関関係を見出し、本発明に
到達した。
As a result of various investigations by the present inventors, the heating conditions of the photoconductive material and other constituent materials of the photoconductor are restricted from the viewpoint of physical or chemical stability. In the range of the allowable heating and drying conditions, between the viscosity average molecular weight of the outermost layer resin and the solvent remaining in the outermost layer after heat drying, and the quality of the outermost layer coating film formed and the electrical characteristics. The present invention has been reached by finding the correlation of

【0010】即ち、本発明によれば、導電性支持体上に
感光層を形成してなる電子写真用感光体において、該感
光体の最表層に含有される結着樹脂が粘度平均分子量
3.5万以上のものであり、且つ沸点135℃以上の溶
媒少なくとも一種を感光層全量に対して100〜10,
000ppm最表層中に含有してなることを特徴とする
電子写真用感光体が提供される。
That is, according to the present invention, in the electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer formed on a conductive support, the binder resin contained in the outermost layer of the photoreceptor has a viscosity average molecular weight of 3. 50,000 or more and at least one solvent having a boiling point of 135 ° C. or more is 100 to 10 relative to the total amount of the photosensitive layer
There is provided a photoreceptor for electrophotography, which is characterized by being contained in the outermost layer of 000 ppm.

【0011】なお、本発明によれば、前記感光体におい
て、更に沸点100〜135℃の溶媒少なくとも一種を
感光層全量に対して1,000ppm以下最表層中に含
有してなることを特徴とする電子写真用感光体が、また
これらの感光体において、更に沸点50〜100℃の溶
媒少なくとも一種を感光層全量に対して300ppm以
下最表層中に含有してなることを特徴とする電子写真用
感光体が提供される。
According to the present invention, the photosensitive member is characterized by further containing at least one solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 135 ° C. in the outermost surface layer of 1,000 ppm or less based on the total amount of the photosensitive layer. An electrophotographic photoconductor, which further comprises at least one solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 100 ° C. in the outermost layer of 300 ppm or less with respect to the total amount of the photosensitive layer in these photoconductors. The body is provided.

【0012】以下、本発明を図面に従って更に詳しく説
明する。図1〜4は代表的な電子写真用感光体の構成例
である。図1において、aは導電性支持体、bは光導電
層であり、図1は一つの層で電荷発生、電荷輸送の機能
を併せ持つ単層型電子写真用感光体である。図2、図3
において、aは導電性支持体、cは電荷輸送層、dは電
荷発生層を表わし、図2は逆層タイプの積層型電子写真
用感光体、図3は順層タイプの積層型電子写真用感光体
である。図4において、aは導電性支持体、eは表面保
護層、fは単層型であっても積層型であっても構わない
光導電層を表わし、図4は表面保護層を有するタイプの
電子写真用感光体である。なお、図1〜4において、導
電性支持体と光導電層との間には、必要に応じて下引き
層を形成することも可能であり、また図4においては、
光導電層と表面保護層の間に中間層を形成することも可
能である。
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 4 are examples of the constitution of a typical electrophotographic photosensitive member. In FIG. 1, a is a conductive support, b is a photoconductive layer, and FIG. 1 is a single-layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor having functions of charge generation and charge transport in one layer. 2 and 3
2, a is a conductive support, c is a charge transport layer, and d is a charge generation layer. FIG. 2 is a reverse layer type laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor, and FIG. 3 is a forward layer type laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor. It is a photoconductor. In FIG. 4, a is a conductive support, e is a surface protective layer, f is a photoconductive layer which may be a single layer type or a laminated type, and FIG. 4 is a type having a surface protective layer. It is a photoconductor for electrophotography. In addition, in FIGS. 1 to 4, an undercoat layer may be formed between the conductive support and the photoconductive layer, if necessary, and in FIG.
It is also possible to form an intermediate layer between the photoconductive layer and the surface protective layer.

【0013】本発明の電子写真用感光体の最表層とは、
図1においてはbの単層型光導電層、図2においてはd
の電荷発生層、図3においてはcの電荷輸送層、図4に
おいてはeの表面保護層である。図1〜4の最表層の好
ましい膜厚は、図1の単層型光導電層に関しては10〜
30μm、図2の電荷発生層に関しては0.5〜5μ
m、図3の電荷輸送層に関しては10〜30μm、図4
の表面保護層に関しては2〜10μmである。本発明の
電子写真用感光体は、その最表層以外については従来の
構成が利用出来、前述した図1〜4の構成を取り得る
が、本発明の目的の一つである高耐久化を達成するため
には、図1、3及び4の構成が特に好ましい。
The outermost layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is
In FIG. 1, a single-layer photoconductive layer of b, and in FIG. 2, d
Of the charge generation layer, the charge transport layer of c in FIG. 3, and the surface protection layer of e in FIG. The preferable thickness of the outermost layer in FIGS. 1 to 4 is 10 to 10 for the single-layer photoconductive layer in FIG.
30 μm, 0.5 to 5 μm for the charge generation layer of FIG.
m, 10-30 μm for the charge transport layer of FIG. 3, FIG.
The surface protection layer of 2 is 2 to 10 μm. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention can have a conventional constitution except for the outermost layer thereof and can have the constitutions shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 described above, but achieves high durability which is one of the objects of the present invention. In order to do so, the configurations of FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 are particularly preferred.

【0014】本発明の感光体において、最表層は粘度平
均分子量3.5万以上の樹脂成分と、沸点135℃以上
の溶媒少なくとも一種を感光層全量に対して100〜1
0,000ppm含有することを主たる特徴としてい
る。即ち、本発明の感光体の最表層を構成する樹脂成分
は、粘度平均分子量が3.5万以上のものであるが、最
表層の耐摩耗性の観点から、5万以上のものがより好ま
しい。この粘度平均分子量は、極限粘度を求め、下記式
数1より算出することができる。
In the photoconductor of the present invention, the outermost surface layer contains a resin component having a viscosity average molecular weight of 35,000 or more and at least one solvent having a boiling point of 135 ° C. or more in an amount of 100 to 1 with respect to the total amount of the photosensitive layer.
The main feature is that the content is 0000 ppm. That is, the resin component constituting the outermost layer of the photoreceptor of the present invention has a viscosity average molecular weight of 35,000 or more, but from the viewpoint of abrasion resistance of the outermost layer, it is more preferably 50,000 or more. . This viscosity average molecular weight can be calculated from the following formula 1 by determining the intrinsic viscosity.

【数1】 [Equation 1]

【0015】また、本発明の感光体の最表層には、沸点
135℃以上の溶媒が含有されるが、その具体例とし
は、ブロモベンゼン、o−ジクロロベンゼン、シクロヘ
キサノール、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコー
ル、ベンジルアルコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジエ
チレングリコールジメチルエーテル、メチルカルビトー
ル、エチルカルビトール、シクロヘキサノン、N−メチ
ルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、リン
酸トリエチル、ジメチルスルホキシド、キシレン、2−
エトキシエタノール等が挙げられる。最表層構成樹脂の
粘度平均分子量が3.5万以上の場合、最表層に含有さ
れるこれらの溶媒は、最表層塗膜品質及び電気特性の観
点から、100〜10,000ppmの範囲が良く、2
00〜6,000ppmの範囲が特に好ましい。
The outermost layer of the photoreceptor of the present invention contains a solvent having a boiling point of 135 ° C. or higher. Specific examples thereof include bromobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. , Benzyl alcohol, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, methyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol, cyclohexanone, N-methylformamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl sulfoxide, xylene, 2-
Ethoxy ethanol and the like can be mentioned. When the viscosity average molecular weight of the outermost layer constituent resin is 35,000 or more, these solvents contained in the outermost layer preferably have a range of 100 to 10,000 ppm from the viewpoint of the outermost layer coating quality and electrical characteristics. Two
A range of 00 to 6,000 ppm is particularly preferable.

【0016】最表層塗膜品質に関して、感光層全量に対
する沸点135℃の溶媒の含有量が100ppm未満で
は、前述した高周波の粗れが発生し易く、画像上ハーフ
トーン等に異常画像を発生させる可能性が高く、20,
000ppm以上では、低周波の粗れが増大し、帯電ム
ラに起因する黒部及び中間調画像の濃度ムラが発生す
る。また、電気特性の観点からは、50ppm未満で
は、繰り返し使用により暗部電位の低下を起こし、1
0,000ppm超過では、繰り返し使用により地肌部
電位の上昇を招き易くなる。即ち、最表層塗膜品質、電
気特性、ひいては初期から経時の画像は、沸点135℃
以上の溶媒の量を100〜10,000ppmの範囲内
とすることで、良好なレベルに保たれる。
With respect to the coating quality of the outermost surface layer, if the content of the solvent having a boiling point of 135 ° C. is less than 100 ppm with respect to the total amount of the photosensitive layer, the above-mentioned high frequency roughness is likely to occur and an abnormal image such as halftone on an image can be generated. It is highly
If it is 000 ppm or more, the roughness of the low frequency increases, and the uneven density of the black portion and the halftone image due to the uneven charging occurs. Further, from the viewpoint of electrical characteristics, if it is less than 50 ppm, the potential of the dark part is lowered by repeated use, and 1
If it exceeds 0000 ppm, repeated use tends to cause an increase in the background potential. That is, the outermost coating quality, the electrical characteristics, and eventually the images from the beginning to the aging have a boiling point of 135 ° C.
By setting the amount of the above solvent within the range of 100 to 10,000 ppm, a good level can be maintained.

【0017】更に、本発明の感光体の最表層中に、感光
層全量に対して1,000ppm以下の沸点100〜1
35℃の溶媒を含有させた場合には、塗膜品質、電気特
性は良好に維持したまま、更に高粘度(粘度平均分子量
の高い)の最表層を形成することが出来、電子写真用感
光体の更なる高耐久化が図れる。この場合の沸点100
〜135℃の溶媒の具体例としては、オクタン、トルエ
ン、1,2−ジブロモエタン、テトラクロロエチレン、
クロロベンゼン、1−ブタノール、2−メチル−1−プ
ロパノール、2−メトキシエタノール、1,4−ジオキ
サン、メチルイソブチルケトン、酢酸ブチル、モルホリ
ン等が挙げられる。
Further, in the outermost surface layer of the photoreceptor of the present invention, a boiling point of 100 to 1 at 1,000 ppm or less based on the total amount of the photosensitive layer.
When a solvent at 35 ° C. is contained, the outermost layer having a higher viscosity (higher viscosity average molecular weight) can be formed while maintaining good coating quality and electrical characteristics. Can be made even more durable. Boiling point 100 in this case
Specific examples of the solvent at ˜135 ° C. include octane, toluene, 1,2-dibromoethane, tetrachloroethylene,
Examples thereof include chlorobenzene, 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methoxyethanol, 1,4-dioxane, methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl acetate and morpholine.

【018】本発明の感光体の最表層中に、更に感光層全
量に対して300ppm以下の沸点50〜100℃の溶
媒を含有させた場合には、更により良好な塗膜品質及び
電気特性と共に、生産性の高い電子写真用感光体が得ら
れる。この場合の沸点50〜100℃の溶媒の具体例と
しては、四塩化炭素、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、メタ
ノール、エタノール、ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロ
フラン、1,2−ジメトキシエタン、アセトン、メチル
エチルケトン、酢酸エチル、トリフルオロ酢酸等が挙げ
られる。
When the outermost layer of the photoreceptor of the present invention further contains a solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 100 ° C., which is 300 ppm or less based on the total amount of the photosensitive layer, it is possible to obtain better coating quality and electrical characteristics. A highly productive electrophotographic photoreceptor can be obtained. Specific examples of the solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 100 ° C. in this case include carbon tetrachloride, hexane, cyclohexane, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, trifluoroacetic acid. Etc.

【0019】本発明の感光体を形成するには、粘度平均
分子量3.5万以上の樹脂成分と他の最表層構成成分と
を、前述した沸点135℃以上の溶媒を含有する混合溶
媒中に溶解又は分散し、これをスプレーあるいはノズル
などの塗工方法で塗布後、加熱乾燥を施せばよい。
In order to form the photoreceptor of the present invention, a resin component having a viscosity average molecular weight of 35,000 or more and other components constituting the outermost surface layer are added to a mixed solvent containing a solvent having a boiling point of 135 ° C. or more as described above. It may be dissolved or dispersed, and this may be applied by a coating method such as spraying or a nozzle, and then dried by heating.

【0020】本発明においては、最表層の樹脂成分及び
高沸点溶媒以外の導電性支持体、電荷発生物質、電荷輸
送物質等については、従来と全く同じものが利用でき
る。
In the present invention, as the resin component of the outermost layer and the conductive support other than the high boiling point solvent, the charge generating substance, the charge transporting substance and the like, the same ones as the conventional ones can be used.

【0021】以下、本発明を最も一般的な有機系感光体
の形態例である図3に示される層構成の場合を中心にし
て説明する。
The present invention will be described below with a focus on the case of the layer structure shown in FIG. 3, which is the most general form of organic photoreceptor.

【0022】導電性支持体としては、導電体あるいは導
電処理をした絶縁体が用いられる。例えばAl、Ni、
Fe、Cu、Auなどの金属あるいは合金、ポリエステ
ル、ポリカーボネート、ポリイミド、ガラス等の絶縁性
基体上にAl、Ag、Au等の金属あるいはIn23
SnO2等の導電材料の薄膜を形成したもの、導電処理
をした紙等が例示できる。
As the conductive support, a conductive material or an insulating material subjected to conductive treatment is used. For example, Al, Ni,
Metals or alloys such as Fe, Cu and Au, metals such as Al, Ag and Au or In 2 O 3 on insulating substrates such as polyester, polycarbonate, polyimide and glass,
Examples include a thin film formed of a conductive material such as SnO 2 and paper subjected to a conductive treatment.

【0023】図3で示される層構成の場合の電荷発生層
は、電荷発生材料又は電荷発生材料と結着樹脂から構成
され、膜厚は0.05〜3μmの範囲が好ましい。この
場合、電荷発生材料としては、例えばシーアイピグメン
トブルー25(カラーインデックスCI 2118
0)、シーアイピグメントレッド41(CI 2120
0)、シーアイアシッドレッド52(CI 4510
0)、シーアイベーシックレッド3(CI 4521
0)、カルバゾール骨格を有するアゾ顔料(特開昭53
−95033号公報に記載)、ジスチリルベンゼン骨格
を有するアゾ顔料(特開昭53−133445号公報に
記載)、トリフェニルアミン骨格を有するアゾ顔料(特
開昭53−132347号公報に記載)、ジベンゾチオ
フェン骨格を有するアゾ顔料(特開昭54−21728
号公報に記載)、オキサジアゾール骨格を有するアゾ顔
料(特開昭54−12742号公報に記載)、フルオレ
ノン骨格を有するアゾ顔料(特開昭54−22834号
公報に記載)、ビススチルベン骨格を有するアゾ顔料
(特開昭54−17733号公報に記載)、ジスチリル
オキサジアゾール骨格を有するアゾ顔料(特開昭54−
2129号公報に記載)、ジスチリルカルバゾール骨格
を有するアゾ顔料(特開昭54−14967号公報に記
載)などのアゾ顔料;例えばシーアイピグメントブルー
16(CI 74100)などのフタロシアニン系顔
料;例えばシーアイバットブラウン5(CI 7341
0)、シーアイバットダイ(CI 73030)などの
インジゴ系顔料;アルゴールスカーレット5(バイエル
社製)、インダスレンスカーレットR(バイエル社製)
などのペリレン系顔料、スクエリック染料、六方晶Se
粉末などが挙げられる。
In the case of the layer structure shown in FIG. 3, the charge generation layer is composed of the charge generation material or the charge generation material and the binder resin, and the film thickness is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 3 μm. In this case, the charge generating material is, for example, CI Pigment Blue 25 (color index CI 2118).
0), CI Pigment Red 41 (CI 2120
0), CI Acid Red 52 (CI 4510
0), CI Basic Red 3 (CI 4521
0), an azo pigment having a carbazole skeleton (JP-A-53-53
-95033), an azo pigment having a distyrylbenzene skeleton (described in JP-A-53-133445), an azo pigment having a triphenylamine skeleton (described in JP-A-53-132347), Azo pigments having a dibenzothiophene skeleton (JP-A-54-21728)
JP-A No. 54-12834), an azo pigment having an oxadiazole skeleton (described in JP-A-54-12742), an azo pigment having a fluorenone skeleton (described in JP-A-54-22834), and a bisstilbene skeleton. Azo pigments (described in JP-A-54-17733) and azo pigments having a distyryl oxadiazole skeleton (JP-A-54-54).
2129) and azo pigments having a distyrylcarbazole skeleton (described in JP-A-54-14967); for example, phthalocyanine pigments such as CI Pigment Blue 16 (CI 74100); Brown 5 (CI 7341
0), indigo-based pigments such as CI Avatar Dye (CI 73030); Argol Scarlet 5 (manufactured by Bayer), Induslen Scarlet R (manufactured by Bayer).
Perylene pigments such as, squaric dye, hexagonal Se
Powder etc. are mentioned.

【0024】これらの電荷発生材料をテトラヒドロフラ
ン、シクロヘキサノン、ジオキサン、ジクロルエタンな
どの溶媒と共に、ボールミル、アトライター、サンドミ
ルなどの方法で粉砕、分散する。この時、例えば、ポリ
アミド、ポリウレタン、ポリエステル、エポキシ樹脂、
ポリケトン、ポリカーボネート、シリコン樹脂、アクリ
ル樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリビニルホルマー
ル、ポリビニルケトン、ポリスチレン、ポリ−N−ビニ
ルカルバゾール、ポリアクリルアミドなどの樹脂をバイ
ンダーとして加えてもよい。このように調整された電荷
発生層形成液をビードコート法、ノズルコート法、ブレ
ードコート法、ディッピング法、スプレー法等の方法で
塗布、乾燥し、電荷発生層を形成する。
These charge generating materials are pulverized and dispersed with a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexanone, dioxane or dichloroethane by a method such as a ball mill, an attritor or a sand mill. At this time, for example, polyamide, polyurethane, polyester, epoxy resin,
Resins such as polyketone, polycarbonate, silicone resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl ketone, polystyrene, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, and polyacrylamide may be added as a binder. The charge generation layer forming liquid thus prepared is applied and dried by a method such as a bead coating method, a nozzle coating method, a blade coating method, a dipping method or a spraying method to form a charge generation layer.

【0025】図3で示される層構成の場合の電荷輸送層
は、電荷輸送材料と結着樹脂から構成される。この場
合、電荷輸送材料は、主鎖又は側鎖にアントラセン、ピ
レン、フェナントレン、コロネンなどの多環芳香族化合
物又はインドール、カルバゾール、オキサゾール、イソ
オキサゾール、チアゾール、イミダゾール、ピラゾー
ル、オキサジアゾール、ピラゾリン、チアジアゾール、
トリアゾールなどの含窒素環式化合物を有する化合物、
トリフェニルアミン化合物、ヒドラゾン化合物(特開昭
55−46760号)、α−フェニルスチルベン化合物
(特開昭58−198043号)などが使用される。こ
れら電荷輸送材料をポリスチレン、スチレン−アクリロ
ニトリル共重合体、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、ス
チレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体、ポリエステル、ポリ
塩化ビニル、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリ酢
酸ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリアリレート樹脂、
フェノキシ樹脂、ポリカーボネート、酢酸セルロース樹
脂、エチルセルロース樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール、ポ
リビニルホルマール、ポリビニルトルエン、ポリ−N−
ビニルカルバゾール、アクリル樹脂、シリコン樹脂、エ
ポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、フェノール
樹脂、アルキレッド樹脂等の熱可塑性又は熱硬化性樹脂
と共に、テトラヒドロフラン、シクロルヘキサノン、ジ
オキサン、ジクロルエタンなどの溶剤に溶解して電荷輸
送層形成液を調整し、この液をノズルコート法、スプレ
ーコート法などの方法で塗布し、乾燥を施せばよい。
In the case of the layer structure shown in FIG. 3, the charge transport layer is composed of a charge transport material and a binder resin. In this case, the charge transport material is a polycyclic aromatic compound such as anthracene, pyrene, phenanthrene, coronene or indole in the main chain or side chain, carbazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, oxadiazole, pyrazoline, Thiadiazole,
A compound having a nitrogen-containing cyclic compound such as triazole,
Triphenylamine compounds, hydrazone compounds (JP-A-55-46760), α-phenyl stilbene compounds (JP-A-58-198043) and the like are used. These charge transport materials are polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl. Vinylidene chloride, polyarylate resin,
Phenoxy resin, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate resin, ethyl cellulose resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl toluene, poly-N-
Dissolve in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, cyclolhexanone, dioxane, dichloroethane, together with a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin such as vinylcarbazole, acrylic resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, urethane resin, phenol resin, and alkyred resin. A charge transport layer forming liquid is prepared by applying the liquid by a method such as a nozzle coating method or a spray coating method, and then dried.

【0026】本発明においては、感光層最表層に所定の
溶媒を所定量残留させる必要があるため、図3における
電荷輸送層を形成する際には、電荷輸送層形成液中に残
留させたい溶媒を予じめ混入させておき、形成液の固形
分濃度、混合溶媒の混合比、塗工条件(例えばスプレー
塗工ではガンと支持体との距離など)、乾燥条件などを
調整し、本発明の電荷輸送層(最表層)が形成される。
In the present invention, it is necessary to leave a predetermined amount of a predetermined solvent on the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive layer. Therefore, when forming the charge transport layer in FIG. 3, the solvent to be left in the charge transport layer forming liquid is desired. In the present invention, the solid content concentration of the forming liquid, the mixing ratio of the mixed solvent, the coating conditions (for example, the distance between the gun and the support in spray coating), the drying conditions, etc. are adjusted. The charge transport layer (outermost layer) is formed.

【0027】[0027]

【実施例】次に、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明す
るが、これにより本発明の態様が限定されるものではな
い。なお、以下に示す部はすべて重量基準である。
EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereby. All parts shown below are based on weight.

【0028】実施例1〜23及び比較例1〜17 80mmφ×340mm、厚さ3mmのAl導電性支持
体を40本準備し、これらの導電性支持体上に下記の電
荷発生層形成液をスプレー塗布し、0.1μm厚の電荷
発生層を形成した。
Examples 1-23 and Comparative Examples 1-17 Forty Al conductive supports having a size of 80 mmφ × 340 mm and a thickness of 3 mm were prepared, and the following charge generation layer forming liquid was sprayed on these conductive supports. The coating was applied to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.1 μm.

【0029】(電荷発生層形成液の調製)下記構造式化
1で示される化合物10.0部、ポリビニルブチラール
樹脂(XYHL:UCC社製)2.5部及びテトラヒド
ロフラン360部をボールミル中で72時間混練分散し
た後、更にテトラヒドロフラン211部、エチレングリ
コールモノエチルエーテル356部を加え、1時間混練
分散した後、テトラヒドロフラン376部、エチレング
リコールモノエチルエーテル664部で希釈して、電荷
発生層形成液を調製した。
(Preparation of Charge Generation Layer Forming Liquid) 10.0 parts of the compound represented by the following structural formula 1, 2.5 parts of polyvinyl butyral resin (XYHL: UCC) and 360 parts of tetrahydrofuran are placed in a ball mill for 72 hours. After kneading and dispersing, 211 parts of tetrahydrofuran and 356 parts of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether were further added, kneading and dispersing for 1 hour, and then diluted with 376 parts of tetrahydrofuran and 664 parts of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether to prepare a charge generation layer forming liquid. did.

【0030】[0030]

【化1】 [Chemical 1]

【0031】次に、電荷発生層上に20μm厚の電荷輸
送層を形成し、電荷輸送層中に残留する溶媒量、溶媒種
の異なった電子写真用感光体サンプル40本を得た。電
荷輸送層形成時の原材料、処方等の条件及び作製手順を
次に示す。
Next, a charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 μm was formed on the charge generation layer to obtain 40 electrophotographic photoreceptor samples having different amounts of solvent remaining in the charge transport layer and different solvent species. The raw materials, conditions such as formulation, and the manufacturing procedure for forming the charge transport layer are shown below.

【0032】(電荷輸送層形成条件)(Conditions for forming charge transport layer)

【化2】 [Chemical 2]

【化3】 使用溶媒:シクロヘキサノン(沸点:155.7℃) キシレン(沸点:140℃) メチルイソブチルケトン(沸点:115.1℃) トルエン(沸点:110.6℃) テトラヒドロフラン(沸点:66.0℃) アセトン(沸点:56.1℃) 電荷移動物質/結着樹脂=1/1 添加剤:シリコーンオイル(KF50、信越化学社製) 添加剤添加量:結着樹脂に対して0.02%添加 塗工方法:スプレー塗布 加熱乾燥時間:140℃、40分[Chemical 3] Solvents used: cyclohexanone (boiling point: 155.7 ° C) xylene (boiling point: 140 ° C) methyl isobutyl ketone (boiling point: 115.1 ° C) toluene (boiling point: 110.6 ° C) tetrahydrofuran (boiling point: 66.0 ° C) acetone ( Boiling point: 56.1 ° C) Charge transfer material / Binder resin = 1/1 Additive: Silicone oil (KF50, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) Additive amount: 0.02% added to the binder resin Coating method : Spray coating Heat drying time: 140 ° C, 40 minutes

【0033】(作製手順)以上のような電荷輸送層形成
時の条件の下で、まず上記使用溶媒の中から少なくとも
3種の溶媒を選択し、次いでそれらの溶媒を適当な割合
に混合後、上記電荷輸送物質、結着樹脂を溶解し、添加
剤を加え、溶媒種、固形分濃度、溶媒混合比の異なる4
0個の電荷輸送層形成液を得、これを電荷発生層上にス
プレー塗布して電荷輸送層を形成した。各電荷輸送層形
成液の溶媒比及び固形分濃度を表1に示す。なお、電荷
輸送層中の溶媒量を変えるため、電荷輸送層形成液処方
の他に、塗工ブース内温度、ガン−ドラム間距離等も調
整因子として加えた。
(Preparation Procedure) Under the conditions for forming the charge transport layer as described above, first, at least three kinds of solvents are selected from the above-mentioned solvents to be used, and then these solvents are mixed in an appropriate ratio, Dissolve the charge-transporting substance and the binder resin, add an additive, and use different solvent species, solid content concentration, and solvent mixing ratio.
0 charge transport layer forming liquid was obtained, and this was spray-coated on the charge generating layer to form a charge transport layer. Table 1 shows the solvent ratio and solid content concentration of each charge transport layer forming liquid. In order to change the amount of solvent in the charge transport layer, the temperature inside the coating booth, the distance between the gun and the drum, etc. were added as adjustment factors in addition to the formulation of the charge transport layer forming liquid.

【0034】[0034]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0035】以上のようにして得られた40本の電子写
真用感光体について、電荷輸送層中の沸点135℃以上
の溶媒の感光層全量に対する含有量、沸点100〜13
5℃の溶媒の含有量及び沸点50〜100℃の溶媒の含
有量を分析し、且つ下記の評価を行なった。 ・・・電子写真用感光体表面の約1mmピッチの高周
波の粗れと、5〜10cmのピッチの低周波のムラ(膜
厚差)。 ・・・複写機内における初期から50,000枚複写
後までの暗部電位(Vd:初期設定−800V)、明部
電位(Vl:初期設定−100V)の変化量(夫々△V
d、△Vl)。 ・・・50,000枚複写試験後の電荷輸送層の摩耗
膜厚。 以上の分析結果及び評価結果を、表2〜3及び表4〜6
に示す。
With respect to the 40 electrophotographic photosensitive members obtained as described above, the content of the solvent having a boiling point of 135 ° C. or higher in the charge transport layer with respect to the total amount of the photosensitive layer, the boiling point of 100 to 13
The content of the solvent at 5 ° C. and the content of the solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 100 ° C. were analyzed, and the following evaluations were performed. ... Roughness of high frequency of about 1 mm pitch on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member and low frequency unevenness (film thickness difference) of 5 to 10 cm pitch. ... Amount of change in the dark potential (Vd: initial setting -800V) and bright portion potential (Vl: initial setting -100V) from the initial stage in the copier until after copying 50,000 sheets (ΔV respectively)
d, ΔVl). ... Abrasion film thickness of the charge transport layer after the 50,000-copy test. The above analysis results and evaluation results are shown in Tables 2-3 and Tables 4-6.
Shown in.

【0036】[0036]

【表2】 [Table 2]

【0037】[0037]

【表3】 [Table 3]

【0038】[0038]

【表4】 註)判定:×:実用不可 △:実用上問題なく良好 ○:特に良好[Table 4] Note) Judgment: ×: Impractical use △: Good without any practical problem ○: Particularly good

【0039】[0039]

【表5】 註)判定:×:実用不可 △:実用上問題なく良好 ○:特に良好[Table 5] Note) Judgment: ×: Impractical use △: Good without any practical problem ○: Particularly good

【0040】[0040]

【表6】 註)判定:×:実用不可 △:実用上問題なく良好 ○:特に良好[Table 6] Note) Judgment: ×: Impractical use △: Good without any practical problem ○: Particularly good

【0041】以上の結果より、次のことが確認された。 感光体最表層結着樹脂の粘度平均分子量が高い程、複
写機内耐摩耗性は高い。 粘度平均分子量が高い程、最表層表面の高周波粗れ、
低周波粗れは、夫々共に高くなり、高周波粗れと低周波
粗れとはトレードオフの関係にある。 最表層表面の高周波粗れ高さが3μmを超えると、ハ
ーフトーン画像及び黒ベタ画像において濃淡ムラが著し
くなり、実用上問題がある。 最表層表面の低周波粗れ高さが3μmを超えると、ハ
ーフトーン画像上ムラが目立つようになり、実用上問題
がある。 最表層中の沸点135℃以上の溶媒の残量が少なすぎ
ると高周波粗れを発生し、多すぎると低周波粗れを発生
し、夫々画像品質上問題がある。 最表層中の溶媒残量が少なすぎると、繰り返し使用に
より黒部電位(Vd)が低下し、静電コントラストが低
下する。 最表層中の溶媒残量が多すぎると、明部電位(Vl)
が繰り返し使用により徐々に上昇し、地肌汚れの発生、
又は静電コントラストが低下する。
From the above results, the following was confirmed. The higher the viscosity average molecular weight of the binder resin on the outermost layer of the photoreceptor, the higher the abrasion resistance in the copying machine. The higher the viscosity average molecular weight, the higher the surface roughness of the outermost surface,
The low-frequency roughness is high, and the high-frequency roughness and the low-frequency roughness have a trade-off relationship. If the height of high-frequency roughness on the surface of the outermost layer is more than 3 μm, unevenness in light and shade becomes remarkable in a halftone image and a solid black image, which is a practical problem. If the low-frequency roughness height of the surface of the outermost layer exceeds 3 μm, unevenness becomes conspicuous on the halftone image, which is a practical problem. If the residual amount of the solvent having a boiling point of 135 ° C. or higher in the outermost layer is too small, high frequency roughening occurs, and if it is too large, low frequency roughening occurs, and there are problems in image quality. When the residual amount of the solvent in the outermost layer is too small, the black part potential (Vd) is lowered by repeated use and the electrostatic contrast is lowered. If the amount of solvent remaining in the outermost layer is too large, the light potential (Vl)
Gradually rises due to repeated use, causing background stains,
Alternatively, the electrostatic contrast decreases.

【0042】これに対し、本発明に従った実施例1〜2
3の電子写真用感光体は、沸点135℃以上の溶媒が1
00〜10,000ppmの範囲で、最表層中に含有さ
れており、高周波粗れ、低周波粗れが夫々3μm以下に
低減され、初期からの画像は良好であり、且つ繰り返し
使用による暗部電位の低下、明部電位の上昇も少なく、
コントラストの低下(△Vd=△Vl)は100V前後に
抑えられてあり、耐久性の高いものである。更に、沸点
100〜135℃の溶媒を1,000ppm以下、沸点
50〜100℃の溶媒を300ppm以下含有させるこ
とにより、より以上に良好な初期画像、繰り返し品質が
得られ、加えて、粘度平均分子量がより大きい(より高
耐久な)最表層の形成に適している。
On the other hand, Examples 1 and 2 according to the present invention
In the electrophotographic photoconductor of No. 3, the solvent having a boiling point of 135 ° C. or higher is 1
It is contained in the outermost layer in the range of 0.00 to 10,000 ppm, high-frequency roughness and low-frequency roughness are reduced to 3 μm or less, respectively, and the image from the initial stage is good, and the dark area potential due to repeated use is low. There is little decrease and increase in bright part potential,
The decrease in contrast (ΔVd = ΔVl) is suppressed to around 100V, which is highly durable. Further, by containing a solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 135 ° C. of 1,000 ppm or less and a solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 100 ° C. of 300 ppm or less, a better initial image and repetitive quality can be obtained. In addition, a viscosity average molecular weight Is suitable for forming a larger (more durable) outermost layer.

【0043】[0043]

【発明の効果】請求項1の電子写真用感光体は、その最
表層に含有される結着樹脂が粘度平均分子量3.5万以
上のものであり、且つ沸点135℃以上の溶媒少なくと
も一種を感光層全量に対して100〜10,000pp
m最表層中に含有してなるものとしたことから、本感光
体によると、塗膜欠陥(高周波粗れ及び低周波粗れ)に
基づく異常画像が抑制され且つ繰り返し電位特性が安定
化されるので、高品質の初期画像及び繰り返し画像が得
られ、しかも感光体の耐久性にも優れている。
According to the electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 1, the binder resin contained in the outermost layer has a viscosity average molecular weight of 35,000 or more and at least one solvent having a boiling point of 135 ° C. or more. 100 to 10,000 pp based on the total amount of the photosensitive layer
m Since it is contained in the outermost layer, the present photoreceptor suppresses abnormal images due to coating film defects (high frequency roughness and low frequency roughness) and stabilizes repetitive potential characteristics. Therefore, high-quality initial images and repeated images can be obtained, and the durability of the photoconductor is excellent.

【0044】請求項2の電子写真用感光体は、更に沸点
100〜135℃の溶媒少なくとも一種を感光層全量に
対して1,000ppm以下最表層中に含有してなるも
のとしたことから、更に高粘度(粘度平均分子量の高
い)の最表層を形成できるので、耐久性が更に向上す
る。
The electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 2 further contains at least one solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 135 ° C. in the outermost layer of 1,000 ppm or less based on the total amount of the photosensitive layer. Since the outermost layer having high viscosity (high viscosity average molecular weight) can be formed, durability is further improved.

【0045】請求項3の電子写真用感光体は、更に沸点
50〜100℃の溶媒少なくとも一種を感光層全量に対
して300ppm以下最表層中に含有してなるものとし
たことから、塗膜品質及び電気特性が更に向上する。
The electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 3 further comprises at least one solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 100 ° C. in the outermost layer of 300 ppm or less based on the total amount of the photosensitive layer. And the electrical characteristics are further improved.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明に係る電子写真用感光体の層構成の一例
を示す模式断面図である。
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a layer structure of an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present invention.

【図2】本発明に係る電子写真用感光体の層構成の別の
一例を示す模式断面図である。
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present invention.

【図3】本発明に係る電子写真用感光体の層構成の別の
一例を示す模式断面図である。
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention.

【図4】本発明に係る電子写真用感光体の層構成の別の
一例を示す模式断面図である。
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

a 導電性支持体 b 単層型光導電層 c 電荷輸送層 d 電荷発生層 e 表面保護層 f 光導電層 a conductive support b single-layer photoconductive layer c charge transport layer d charge generation layer e surface protective layer f photoconductive layer

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 中井 洋志 東京都大田区中馬込1丁目3番6号 株式 会社リコー内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued Front Page (72) Inventor Hiroshi Nakai 1-3-6 Nakamagome, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ricoh Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 導電性支持体上に感光層を形成してなる
電子写真用感光体において、該感光体の最表層に含有さ
れる結着樹脂が粘度平均分子量3.5万以上のものであ
り、且つ沸点135℃以上の溶媒少なくとも一種を感光
層全量に対して100〜10,000ppm最表層中に
含有してなることを特徴とする電子写真用感光体。
1. A photoreceptor for electrophotography comprising a photosensitive layer formed on a conductive support, wherein the binder resin contained in the outermost layer of the photoreceptor has a viscosity average molecular weight of 35,000 or more. A photoreceptor for electrophotography, characterized in that at least one solvent having a boiling point of 135 ° C. or higher is contained in the outermost layer of 100 to 10,000 ppm with respect to the total amount of the photosensitive layer.
【請求項2】 沸点100〜135℃の溶媒少なくとも
一種を感光層全量に対して1,000ppm以下最表層
中に含有してなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電
子写真用感光体。
2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein at least one solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 135 ° C. is contained in the outermost layer of 1,000 ppm or less based on the total amount of the photosensitive layer.
【請求項3】 沸点50〜100℃の溶媒少なくとも一
種を感光層全量に対して300ppm以下最表層中に含
有してなることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の電
子写真用感光体。
3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein at least one solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 100 ° C. is contained in the outermost surface layer in an amount of 300 ppm or less based on the total amount of the photosensitive layer.
JP17495393A 1993-06-22 1993-06-22 Electrophotographic photoreceptor Expired - Lifetime JP3239147B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP17495393A JP3239147B2 (en) 1993-06-22 1993-06-22 Electrophotographic photoreceptor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP17495393A JP3239147B2 (en) 1993-06-22 1993-06-22 Electrophotographic photoreceptor

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Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0713364A true JPH0713364A (en) 1995-01-17
JP3239147B2 JP3239147B2 (en) 2001-12-17

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Link
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0744666A2 (en) * 1995-05-22 1996-11-27 Konica Corporation Photoreceptor for electrophotography
US7384716B2 (en) 2004-03-03 2008-06-10 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Coating composition for electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for producing electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image-forming apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0744666A2 (en) * 1995-05-22 1996-11-27 Konica Corporation Photoreceptor for electrophotography
EP0744666A3 (en) * 1995-05-22 1997-01-02 Konica Corporation Photoreceptor for electrophotography
US7384716B2 (en) 2004-03-03 2008-06-10 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Coating composition for electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for producing electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image-forming apparatus

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Publication number Publication date
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