JPH07106543B2 - Granular surface polishing equipment - Google Patents
Granular surface polishing equipmentInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07106543B2 JPH07106543B2 JP61117000A JP11700086A JPH07106543B2 JP H07106543 B2 JPH07106543 B2 JP H07106543B2 JP 61117000 A JP61117000 A JP 61117000A JP 11700086 A JP11700086 A JP 11700086A JP H07106543 B2 JPH07106543 B2 JP H07106543B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polishing head
- polishing
- sand
- granular material
- peripheral surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C9/00—Appurtenances of abrasive blasting machines or devices, e.g. working chambers, arrangements for handling used abrasive material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、鋳物砂やその他の用途に利用される砂等の粒
状物を研磨して再生するための表面研磨装置に関する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a surface polishing apparatus for polishing and reclaiming granular material such as foundry sand and sand used for other purposes.
鋳造に利用する鋳物砂の粒子の表面は、鋳造時の粘結剤
または付着物を除去しガスの発生を止めると共に強度を
阻害しないように研磨処理することが必要である。ま
た、コンクリートに利用される海砂には塩分が付着して
いるため、これらの塩分も研磨処理によって除去するこ
とが行われている。The surface of the molding sand particles used for casting needs to be polished so as to remove the binder or deposits during casting to stop the generation of gas and not to impair the strength. In addition, since salt is attached to sea sand used for concrete, such salt is also removed by polishing treatment.
このような研磨処理の方法としては、付着物に対して強
い空気流を吹き付けて除去したり、槽の中に粒状物を装
入して槽の中に備えた撹拌用の羽根による粒状物の表面
から付着物を強制的に剥離させたりすることが従来から
広く行われている。As a method of such a polishing treatment, a strong air flow is blown against the adhered matter to remove it, or the granular matter is charged into the tank and the granular matter is provided by a stirring blade provided in the tank. It has been widely practiced in the past to forcibly remove adhered substances from the surface.
また、この他にも、粒状物を水槽の中に入れて水洗によ
って付着物を除去したり、加熱槽の中で加熱して付着物
を焼却除去する等の方法もある。In addition to this, there are also methods such as putting the granular material in a water tank to remove the adhered material by washing with water, or heating the material in a heating tank to incinerate the adhered material.
ところが、鋳物砂等は一般に脆い反面、非常に硬くてそ
の表面には尖った多くの角を持つものが多い。このた
め、たとえば撹拌用の羽根等を用いた衝撃法による付着
物の除去の場合では、羽根の表面の摩耗度も大きくな
り、その交換頻度がかなり高くなる。そして、衝撃法で
は、処理しようとする砂に対する破砕力が大きくて砂の
角が取れ難いため、処理する砂の整形性が劣る。However, while foundry sand and the like are generally brittle, they are often very hard and have many sharp corners. For this reason, for example, in the case of removing the adhering matter by the impact method using a stirring blade or the like, the degree of wear of the surface of the blade becomes large, and the replacement frequency becomes considerably high. In the impact method, since the crushing force against the sand to be treated is large and it is difficult to remove the corners of the sand, the formability of the sand to be treated is poor.
また、空気流の吹き付けによる除去では、とくに尖った
部分の角に付着した付着物を取り去るのに効率が悪く、
得られる粒状物の良品成形率も低くなってしまう。In addition, the removal by blowing the airflow is inefficient in removing the deposits attached to the corners of the sharp part,
The yield rate of the non-defective product of the obtained granular material is also low.
更に、水洗方法の場合では、粒状物の表面に焼結した付
着物や不溶性の付着物の除去は不可能であり、また乾燥
工程も必要なので、効率の面での障害が大きい。そし
て、燃焼による方法の場合では、最終的に得られる粒状
物の形状に不良が目立ち、また不燃性の付着物は焼結し
たまま残ってしまうことが避けられない。Further, in the case of the water washing method, it is impossible to remove the deposits that have been sintered or the insoluble deposits on the surface of the granular material, and a drying step is also required, so there is a major obstacle in terms of efficiency. In the case of the method by combustion, it is inevitable that the shape of the finally obtained granular material is conspicuously defective, and the non-combustible deposit remains as sintered.
このように、従来の研磨処理では、処理の効率の面及び
得られる再生粒状物の品質の面での障害がある。As described above, the conventional polishing process has an obstacle in terms of the efficiency of the process and the quality of the regenerated granules obtained.
本発明において解決すべき課題は、粒状物の研磨処理を
効率的に行えしかも品質の高い再生粒状物が得られるよ
うにすることにある。The problem to be solved in the present invention is to efficiently perform the polishing treatment of the granular material and to obtain the regenerated granular material of high quality.
本発明は、処理する粒状物の装入空間の内部に、砥粒に
よって製造した研磨ヘッドをその回転軸をほぼ水平姿勢
として回転駆動可能に配置し、前記研磨ヘッドの外周面
との間に隙間を持たせて半径方向に延びる複数の翼を放
射状に配列した回転ドラムを前記研磨ヘッド周りにほぼ
同軸上で回転可能に配置したことを特徴とする。According to the present invention, a polishing head made of abrasive grains is rotatably disposed inside a charging space of a granular material to be processed with its rotation axis substantially horizontal, and a gap is formed between the polishing head and the outer peripheral surface of the polishing head. And a rotary drum having a plurality of radially extending blades arranged in a radial direction is arranged substantially coaxially around the polishing head so as to be rotatable.
第１図は本発明の研磨装置を含む設備の概要を示す切欠
正面図、第２図は研磨装置の側面縦断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cutaway front view showing an outline of equipment including a polishing apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side vertical sectional view of the polishing apparatus.
図において、研磨装置は、架台１によって支持されたハ
ウジング２を備え、このハウジング２の内部を粒状物の
研磨及び回収用のチャンバとし、その上部側を研磨の際
に発生する粉塵の分離のための分離塔３としたものであ
る。そして、分離塔３の上端には粉塵排出口3aを設け、
これをダクトによって別置の集塵機４に接続し、粉塵を
回収可能とする。In the figure, the polishing apparatus includes a housing 2 supported by a gantry 1, the inside of the housing 2 serves as a chamber for polishing and recovering particulate matter, and the upper side thereof is for separating dust generated during polishing. The separation tower 3 of FIG. And, a dust discharge port 3a is provided at the upper end of the separation tower 3,
This is connected to the separately placed dust collector 4 by a duct so that dust can be collected.
ハウジング２の側面には粒状物の装入口2aと粉塵の回収
のための空気供給口2bとを設け、また下端部には研磨処
理した粒状物を回収するための回収ホッパ2cを備える。An inlet 2a for particulate matter and an air supply port 2b for collecting dust are provided on the side surface of the housing 2, and a recovery hopper 2c for recovering the polished particulates is provided at the lower end.
分離塔３の下端と回収ホッパ2cとの間には、図１に示す
ようにハウジング２を幅方向に貫通する回転主軸５を設
ける。この回転主軸５は、その両端部を架台１に設けた
軸受1aによって支持され、架台１の下部に組み込んだ電
動機６との間にベルト6aによって駆動系を連接してい
る。A rotary main shaft 5 penetrating the housing 2 in the width direction is provided between the lower end of the separation tower 3 and the recovery hopper 2c, as shown in FIG. The rotary main shaft 5 has its both ends supported by bearings 1a provided on the gantry 1, and a drive system is connected to the electric motor 6 incorporated in the lower part of the gantry 1 by a belt 6a.
回転主軸５には、研磨ヘッド７と回転ドラム８とをそれ
ぞれ同軸上に取り付け、これらの研磨ヘッドと回転ドラ
ム８を共にハウジング２の中に位置させるようにして組
み込む。A polishing head 7 and a rotary drum 8 are coaxially attached to the rotary main shaft 5, respectively, and the polishing head and the rotary drum 8 are assembled so as to be positioned inside the housing 2.
研削ヘッド７は、数枚のディスク7aを回転主軸５の軸線
方向に配列して全体を円筒状としたものであり、バラン
スウエイトを調整するバランス調整板９に固定用のネジ
を設けることによって、これらのディスク7aを回転主軸
５に一体化する。The grinding head 7 is formed by arranging several disks 7a in the axial direction of the rotary spindle 5 to form a cylindrical shape as a whole, and by providing a fixing screw on a balance adjusting plate 9 for adjusting the balance weight, These disks 7a are integrated with the rotating spindle 5.
それぞれのディスク7aは、研磨処理する鋳物砂等に比べ
て非常に硬い素材を用いることによって砥石状に製作し
たものである。そして、その素材としては、カーボンラ
ンダム，アルミナ，セラミックス，ボラゾン，タングス
テンカーバイト及びダイヤモンド等が利用できる。ま
た、これらの素材を用いて、ディスク7aは砥粒密度が高
くて気孔の少ないものとし、しかも周面には無数の凹凸
ができるように製作する。Each disk 7a is manufactured in the shape of a grindstone by using a material that is extremely hard as compared with the molding sand to be polished. Further, as the material thereof, carbon random, alumina, ceramics, borazon, tungsten carbide, diamond and the like can be used. Further, using these materials, the disk 7a is manufactured so as to have a high abrasive grain density and few pores, and further, to have innumerable irregularities on the peripheral surface.
回転ドラム８は、軸線方向の両端のフランジ8aをスリー
ブ5aを介して回転主軸５の周りに同軸上に連結されたも
のである。そして、両端のフランジ8aに連結した一対の
胴部8bをハウジング２の中に差し込み、架台１側に配置
した受けローラ1bによってこれらの胴部8bを支持する。The rotary drum 8 is formed by connecting flanges 8a at both ends in the axial direction coaxially around the rotary main shaft 5 via a sleeve 5a. Then, a pair of body portions 8b connected to the flanges 8a at both ends are inserted into the housing 2, and the body portions 8b are supported by the receiving rollers 1b arranged on the gantry 1 side.
更に、回転ドラム８には、その胴部8bの外周面とフラン
ジ8aの内壁を利用して、第２図に示すように複数枚の翼
8dを放射状に設ける。これらの翼8dは、研磨ヘッド７の
周りのハウジング２内の空間を複数の領域に区分し、そ
れぞれの基端は研磨ヘッド７の周面から適切な距離をお
いて離れている。また、翼8dの先端には、回転ドラム８
の回転方向に対して逆向きの傾斜させた３枚のベーン8e
を設ける。これらのベーン8eはハウジング２の下端部側
の内周壁との間に僅かの隙間ができる程度の寸法形状と
し、回収ホッパ2cから放出されないままの粒状物を上に
掻き上げて再度研磨ヘッド７によって研磨した後に放出
させるのに利用する。Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the rotary drum 8 utilizes the outer peripheral surface of the body portion 8b and the inner wall of the flange 8a to form a plurality of blades.
8d is provided radially. These blades 8d divide the space inside the housing 2 around the polishing head 7 into a plurality of regions, and the respective base ends are separated from the peripheral surface of the polishing head 7 by an appropriate distance. The rotary drum 8 is attached to the tip of the blade 8d.
3 vanes 8e tilted in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation
To provide. These vanes 8e have a size and shape such that a small gap is formed between the vane 8e and the inner peripheral wall on the lower end side of the housing 2, and the particulate matter that has not been discharged from the recovery hopper 2c is scraped up and again by the polishing head 7. It is used to release after polishing.
以上の構成において、たとえば鋳造に用いた後の一定量
の鋳物砂を装入口2aからハウジング２の中に投入してい
き、空気供給口2bからはブロワ（図示せず）等によって
適正な圧力の空気を供給する。また、集塵機４を作動さ
せておき、分離塔３で分離させた粉塵を回収するのに待
機する。In the above configuration, for example, a certain amount of molding sand after being used for casting is introduced into the housing 2 from the charging port 2a, and an appropriate pressure is supplied from the air supply port 2b by a blower (not shown) or the like. Supply air. Further, the dust collector 4 is operated and stands by to collect the dust separated in the separation tower 3.
なお、回収ホッパ2cには開閉扉（図示せず）を設けてお
き、一定時間の研磨処理の後にはこれを開いて再生した
鋳物砂を回収するものとする。An opening / closing door (not shown) is provided in the recovery hopper 2c, and after the polishing process for a certain time, the recovery hopper 2c is opened to recover the reclaimed molding sand.
電動機６を作動させると、ベルト6aを介して回転主軸５
が所定の回転速度で回転し、この回転主軸５に一体の研
磨ヘッド７及び回転ドラム８も第２図において反時計方
向に回転する。When the electric motor 6 is operated, the rotating spindle 5 is passed through the belt 6a.
Rotates at a predetermined rotation speed, and the polishing head 7 and the rotary drum 8 integrated with the rotary main shaft 5 also rotate counterclockwise in FIG.
一方、装入口2aから装入された鋳物砂は、回転ドラム８
の隣接する翼8dどうしの間の空間に入り込み、研磨ヘッ
ド７側に流れたり落下したしりて研磨ヘッド７の周面に
接触すると鋳物砂の表面が研磨される。On the other hand, the foundry sand charged from the charging port 2a is the rotating drum 8
When entering the space between adjacent blades 8d, flowing or dropping toward the polishing head 7 side and coming into contact with the peripheral surface of the polishing head 7, the surface of the foundry sand is polished.
ここで、回転主軸５によって研磨ヘッド７及び回転ドラ
ム８は同時に回転を続ける。このため、第３図に示すよ
うに、鋳物砂の粒10が研磨ヘッド７の周面に当たると、
研磨ヘッド７の回転の動きも手伝ってこの粒10が跳ね上
げられ、その後再び自重によって落下して粒10が研磨ヘ
ッド７の周面と接触する。そして、このような接触の繰
り返しにより、鋳物砂の粒10の表面の付着物が研磨ヘッ
ド７の砥粒によって機械的に剥離され、粉体11となって
除去される。Here, the polishing head 7 and the rotating drum 8 continue to rotate simultaneously by the rotating main shaft 5. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, when the grains 10 of the foundry sand hit the peripheral surface of the polishing head 7,
The rotation of the polishing head 7 helps the particles 10 to bounce up and then falls again by its own weight, and the particles 10 come into contact with the peripheral surface of the polishing head 7. Then, by repeating such contact, the deposits on the surface of the casting sand grains 10 are mechanically separated by the abrasive grains of the polishing head 7 to be removed as the powder 11.
更に、研磨過程では、研磨ヘッド７の周りの回転ドラム
８が同時に回転する。このため、第２図において回転ド
ラム８が反時計方向に回転するとき、底部側にある翼8d
どうしの間の鋳物砂は回転ドラム８の回転に伴って次第
に右上がりに移動していく。そして、翼8dの角度が上向
きになり始めると、この翼8dの上に乗っている鋳物砂が
上に放り投げられるようになる。したがって、翼8dどう
しの間に装入されている鋳物砂は、回転ドラム８の回転
によって複雑な運動をし、唯単に研磨ヘッド７が回転を
続けるだけの場合に比べると、研磨ヘッド７の周面との
接触回数を大幅に増やすことができる。その結果、鋳物
砂に対する単位時間当たりの研磨度も向上し処理時間の
短縮が図られる。Further, in the polishing process, the rotary drum 8 around the polishing head 7 simultaneously rotates. Therefore, when the rotary drum 8 rotates counterclockwise in FIG. 2, the blade 8d on the bottom side is
The foundry sand between them gradually moves to the right as the rotary drum 8 rotates. Then, when the angle of the wing 8d starts to face upward, the foundry sand on the wing 8d is thrown upward. Therefore, the foundry sand charged between the blades 8d makes a complicated motion due to the rotation of the rotary drum 8, and compared with the case where the polishing head 7 simply continues to rotate, the circumference of the polishing head 7 is increased. It is possible to significantly increase the number of contact with the surface. As a result, the degree of polishing of the foundry sand per unit time is improved and the processing time is shortened.
また、各翼8dの基端部は研磨ヘッド７の周面から適切な
間隔を持たせて離れているので、翼8dどうしに挟まれた
空間の中の鋳物砂は、この間隔部分では研磨ヘッド７の
周りで自由に流動する。このため、翼8dによって上に跳
ね上げられないままになりがち翼8dの基端部に溜まる鋳
物砂も、研磨ヘッド７の周面との接触が促進され、良好
な研磨度が得られる。Further, since the base end portion of each blade 8d is separated from the peripheral surface of the polishing head 7 with an appropriate gap, the molding sand in the space sandwiched between the blades 8d is not covered by the polishing head in this gap portion. Flow freely around 7. Therefore, the molding sand, which tends to be prevented from being flipped up by the blade 8d and collects at the base end portion of the blade 8d, promotes contact with the peripheral surface of the polishing head 7 and a good degree of polishing can be obtained.
以上の研磨過程の後に、回収ホッパ2cの開閉扉を開け
ば、付着物が完全に除去されて再生された鋳物砂を回収
することができる。After the above polishing process, by opening the opening / closing door of the recovery hopper 2c, it is possible to recover the foundry sand by completely removing the adhered substances.
なお、鋳物砂だけでなく、その他の各種の粒状物につい
ても同様に研磨処理することが可能であることは無論で
ある。It goes without saying that not only the foundry sand but also various other granular materials can be similarly polished.
また、研磨ヘッド７の回転方向と回転ドラム５の回転方
向とを互いに逆向きとするように駆動機構を備えること
もできる。この場合でも、鋳物砂は研磨ヘッド７の周り
で複雑に動き回り、研磨ヘッド７の周面との接触を繰り
返すことによって、良好な砂の研磨処理が可能となる。Further, a drive mechanism may be provided so that the rotating direction of the polishing head 7 and the rotating direction of the rotating drum 5 are opposite to each other. Even in this case, the foundry sand moves intricately around the polishing head 7 and repeats contact with the peripheral surface of the polishing head 7 to enable favorable sand polishing.
本発明では、回転する砥石状の研磨ヘッドの周りに粒状
物を接触させて付着物を除去し、しかも研磨ヘッドと一
体となって回転する回転ドラムの羽根によって粒状物を
撹拌させながら研磨ヘッドの周面との接触を促進させる
ことができる。このため、研磨ヘッドの回転運動と粒状
物自身の流動運動の合成によって、高い研磨効率での処
理が可能となり、再生製品の品質も向上させることがで
きる。In the present invention, the particulate matter is contacted around the rotating grindstone-shaped polishing head to remove the deposits, and the blade of the rotating drum that rotates integrally with the polishing head stirs the particulate matter while stirring the granular material. The contact with the peripheral surface can be promoted. Therefore, by combining the rotational motion of the polishing head and the flow motion of the granular material itself, processing with high polishing efficiency becomes possible, and the quality of recycled products can be improved.
第１図は本発明の研磨装置を備えた設備の概要を示す切
欠正面図、第２図は研磨装置の側面断面図、第３図は研
磨状況を説明する概略図である。 1:架台、2:ハウジング 3:分離塔、4:集塵機 5:回転主軸、6:電動機 7:研磨ヘッド、8:回転ドラム 8d:羽根、9:バランス調整板 10:粒、11:粉体FIG. 1 is a cutaway front view showing an outline of equipment equipped with a polishing apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the polishing apparatus, and FIG. 3 is a schematic view for explaining a polishing situation. 1: Stand, 2: Housing 3: Separation tower, 4: Dust collector 5: Rotating spindle, 6: Electric motor 7: Polishing head, 8: Rotating drum 8d: Blade, 9: Balance adjusting plate 10: Grain, 11: Powder
Claims (1)
によって製造した研磨ヘッドをその回転軸をほぼ水平姿
勢として回転駆動可能に配置し、前記研磨ヘッドの外周
面との間に隙間を持たせて半径方向に延びる複数の翼を
放射状に配列した回転ドラムを前記研磨ヘッド周りにほ
ぼ同軸上で回転可能に配置したことを特徴とする粒状物
の表面研磨装置。1. A polishing head, which is made of abrasive grains, is rotatably disposed inside a charging space of a granular material to be processed with its rotation axis substantially horizontal, and is provided between the polishing head and an outer peripheral surface of the polishing head. A surface polishing apparatus for a granular material, wherein a rotary drum having a plurality of radially extending blades arranged in a radial direction with a gap therebetween is rotatably arranged substantially coaxially around the polishing head.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61117000A JPH07106543B2 (en) | 1986-05-20 | 1986-05-20 | Granular surface polishing equipment |
| KR1019870004221A KR940006275B1 (en) | 1986-05-20 | 1987-04-30 | Apparatus for cleaning surface of gronule |
| CN87103452A CN1008981B (en) | 1986-05-20 | 1987-05-12 | The device of cleaning particle surface |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61117000A JPH07106543B2 (en) | 1986-05-20 | 1986-05-20 | Granular surface polishing equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62271675A JPS62271675A (en) | 1987-11-25 |
| JPH07106543B2 true JPH07106543B2 (en) | 1995-11-15 |
Family
ID=14700981
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61117000A Expired - Lifetime JPH07106543B2 (en) | 1986-05-20 | 1986-05-20 | Granular surface polishing equipment |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07106543B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR940006275B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1008981B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05177530A (en) * | 1991-12-26 | 1993-07-20 | Tomio Ino | Granular substance polishing device |
| EP2514539B1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2016-07-06 | Matsukawa, Yasutsugu | Granular body grinding device |
| CN101973088A (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2011-02-16 | 长兴清华粉体及新材料工程中心有限公司 | Preparation method of high liquidity rotational moulding raw material powder |
| JP2014024097A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-02-06 | Asahi Tec Corp | Regeneration method of casting sand |
| CN103273048B (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2016-01-20 | 吴江市液铸液压件铸造有限公司 | A kind of cast cleaning machine being convenient to reclaim |
| CN103252725A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-08-21 | 云南南星科技开发有限公司 | Polishing method of electrolytic lead conductive rod and device of polishing method |
| CN108296439A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-07-20 | 柳州市柳晶科技股份有限公司 | A kind of grinding antiquated sand collection device |
| CN108453216A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-08-28 | 惠水县凡趣创意科技有限公司 | A kind of novel casting molding sand recycling crush tower |
| CN113617596B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2022-03-25 | 马刚 | Spherical part surface spraying pretreatment device for industrial manufacturing |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5682166A (en) * | 1979-12-03 | 1981-07-04 | Tomio Ino | Method for grinding surface of granular object |
-
1986
- 1986-05-20 JP JP61117000A patent/JPH07106543B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1987
- 1987-04-30 KR KR1019870004221A patent/KR940006275B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-05-12 CN CN87103452A patent/CN1008981B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR870010924A (en) | 1987-12-18 |
| CN87103452A (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| JPS62271675A (en) | 1987-11-25 |
| KR940006275B1 (en) | 1994-07-14 |
| CN1008981B (en) | 1990-08-01 |
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