JPH0678537B2 - Three-fluid slurry-spray nozzle - Google Patents

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 （発明の対象） 本発明は、石油系減圧残渣油（重質油）および石炭のガ
ス化の工程より改質ガス化を行いクリーンな燃料を製造
する際、反応器内へ原料を常時安定して連続的に供給す
ることのできる噴霧ノズルの改良に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Object of the Invention) The present invention relates to a reactor for producing a clean fuel by reforming gasification from a gasification process of petroleum-based reduced pressure residual oil (heavy oil) and coal. The present invention relates to an improvement of a spray nozzle capable of constantly supplying a raw material in a stable and continuous manner.

（従来技術） 石油資源の枯渇が懸念され始めてから石油資源に代わる
代替エネルギー特に石炭の利用が重要視され、種々の研
究がなされている。なかでも、石炭をガス化して天然ガ
スのかわりに使用したり発電用に利用する方法が注目さ
れている。(Prior Art) Utilization of alternative energy, particularly coal, which replaces petroleum resources has been emphasized since various concerns about depletion of petroleum resources have been emphasized, and various studies have been conducted. Among them, a method of gasifying coal to use it instead of natural gas or for power generation is drawing attention.

一方、従来から用いられてきた重油も環境規制に伴つて
その中に含有しているイオウ濃度を低下させなければ燃
料として用いることが困難になつてきている。そのため
特に重金属分の多い石油系減圧残渣油（重質油）に対し
ては、ガス化してイオウ分を除去するプロセスが種々開
発されている。On the other hand, it has become difficult to use heavy oil that has been conventionally used as a fuel unless the concentration of sulfur contained in the heavy oil is reduced due to environmental regulations. Therefore, various processes for gasifying and removing sulfur content have been developed for petroleum-based reduced pressure residual oil (heavy oil), which is particularly rich in heavy metals.

以上のような情勢から我国では、原料取扱い、貯蔵、輸
送等から原油中で最重質油分で最もイオウ濃度が高い石
油系減圧残渣油（重質油）を石炭と混合してスラリー化
し、スチームと酸素によりガス化して、天然ガスの代替
エネルギーとして利用する方法の開発が進められてい
る。しかし、石油製品の需給バランスから重質油の価格
が高騰し製品ガスコストが高くなると考えられ、重質油
混合割合の低減が要請されている。そのため、石炭を重
質油ではなく、高濃度化が容易な水と混合しガス化する
方法にかわりつつある。これまで非粘結炭との混合の場
合には、ノズル内での凝集固化もなく連続供給でき流動
層内での粗粒の生成もなく連続運転を達成できたが、粘
結炭と混合した場合は、炉内に塊状物が生成し堆積した
ため炉自体の運転が不可能になつた。そこでこれまでの
実験（粘結炭と重質油の混合スラリー）で重質油が粘結
炭の粘着性、膨張性を抑制し、ノズル内での凝集固化に
よる閉塞や炉内での粗粒の生成を防止できたことから、
水スラリーを噴霧供給する場合にも重質油を少量添加す
れば上記の欠点を除去できると考えられることから高濃
度の水スラリーと重質油を同時に良好に噴霧するノズル
を開発する必要がある。From the above situation, in Japan, petroleum depressurization residual oil (heavy oil), which has the highest sulfur content and the highest sulfur concentration in crude oil, is mixed with coal to form a slurry by steaming due to raw material handling, storage, transportation, etc. Development of a method of gasifying with natural gas and oxygen and using it as an alternative energy to natural gas is underway. However, it is considered that the price of heavy oil will rise due to the balance of supply and demand of petroleum products, and the cost of product gas will increase, and it is required to reduce the mixing ratio of heavy oil. Therefore, the method of gasifying coal by mixing it with water, which is easily concentrated, instead of heavy oil, is being replaced. Up to now, in the case of mixing with non-caking coal, it was possible to continuously supply without coagulating and solidifying in the nozzle, and continuous operation could be achieved without formation of coarse particles in the fluidized bed. In this case, the operation of the furnace itself became impossible because lumps were generated and accumulated in the furnace. Therefore, in the previous experiments (mixed slurry of caking coal and heavy oil), the heavy oil suppressed the stickiness and expansiveness of the caking coal, resulting in blockage due to coagulation and solidification in the nozzle and coarse particles in the furnace. Since it was possible to prevent the generation of
Even when spraying water slurry, it is considered that the above drawbacks can be eliminated by adding a small amount of heavy oil. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a nozzle that simultaneously sprays high-concentration water slurry and heavy oil well. .

従来のスラリー噴霧ノズルは、第１図に示すように原料
供給中心流路１に微粒化されるべき原料（スラリー）13
が圧送され、原料供給管（内側管）２の出口孔３より流
出する。原料供給管（内側管）２は出口孔３の周辺部に
おいて半円錐状面４を有する。A conventional slurry spray nozzle has a raw material (slurry) 13 to be atomized in the raw material supply central passage 1 as shown in FIG.
Is pumped and flows out from the outlet hole 3 of the raw material supply pipe (inner pipe) 2. The raw material supply pipe (inner pipe) 2 has a semi-conical surface 4 in the peripheral portion of the outlet hole 3.

円錐状面６の心出部材８およびノズル外側片７により同
心的に半円錐状面４と円錐状面６とが接触するように挿
入される。噴霧用スチーム12は原料供給管（内側管）２
の外面とスチーム管９の内面で構成する流通路10中に圧
送して供給され半円錐状面４と円錐状面６の接触部のス
チーム流通溝５に至り混合物噴出口11より噴出する。The semi-conical surface 4 and the conical surface 6 are inserted concentrically by the centering member 8 of the conical surface 6 and the nozzle outer piece 7. The steam 12 for spraying is the raw material supply pipe (inner pipe) 2
Is pumped and supplied into the flow passage 10 formed by the outer surface of the steam pipe 9 and the inner surface of the steam pipe 9, and reaches the steam flow groove 5 at the contact portion of the semi-conical surface 4 and the conical surface 6 to be ejected from the mixture ejection port 11.

ところが従来このようなノズルでは、粘結炭を水スラリ
ー化してガス化炉及び燃焼炉に供給した場合、ノズル内
先端部で粒子が凝集，固化して閉塞し供給が不能になつ
たり、炉内全体に塊状物が生成堆積し炉の運転が不可能
になる等の欠点があつた。However, conventionally, in such a nozzle, when caking coal is slurried in water and supplied to a gasification furnace and a combustion furnace, particles agglomerate and solidify at the tip of the inside of the nozzle to clog and the supply becomes impossible. There were drawbacks such as the formation and accumulation of lumps on the whole, which made it impossible to operate the furnace.

（発明の目的） 本発明は、上記欠点を改善し、ノズル先端内部での粒子
の凝集固化による閉塞もなく、良好な噴霧を広範囲に行
い、スラリーを安定供給できると同時に少量の重質油を
水スラリーと同時に噴霧供給することによりどんな炭種
でも広範囲に適用できるノズルを提供することを目的と
するものである。(Object of the Invention) The present invention has improved the above-mentioned drawbacks, has no clogging due to agglomeration and solidification of particles inside the nozzle tip, can perform good spraying over a wide range, and can stably supply slurry, and at the same time, a small amount of heavy oil. It is an object of the present invention to provide a nozzle which can be applied to a wide range of any kind of coal by spray-supplying with water slurry.

即ち、本発明の特徴は、中心部には石炭粒子と水を混合
した水スラリーを流通する流通路を、その外周には重質
油を、また、最外周には蒸気あるいは窒素を夫々流通す
る流通路を形成した同心状の三重管を設け、この三重管
の先端にこれら各流体を混合して噴出する混合室を形成
した三流体スラリー噴霧ノズルにある。That is, the feature of the present invention is that a flow passage for circulating a water slurry in which coal particles and water are mixed is provided in the central portion, heavy oil is provided at the outer periphery thereof, and steam or nitrogen is provided at the outermost periphery thereof. This is a three-fluid slurry spray nozzle in which a concentric triple tube having a flow passage is provided, and a mixing chamber for mixing and ejecting these fluids is formed at the tip of the triple tube.

（発明の実施例） 本発明の一実施例を第３図乃至第６図によつて説明す
る。(Embodiment of the Invention) An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

原料供給管中心流路１は、原料供給管２に穿設されてい
る。原料供給中心流路１に微粒化されるべき石炭と水の
混合物すなわち水スラリー13が圧送されて出口孔３より
流出する。原料供給管２と石油系減圧残渣油（重質油）
供給管15は一体のものであり、重質油供給管15の先端外
部は、半円錐状面４を有する。この半円錐状面４にはス
チームの流通路であるスチーム流通溝５が４箇所設けら
れている。円錐状面６の中に中心部材８およびノズル外
側片７により同心的に半円錐状面４と円錐状面６とが接
触するよう挿入されている。重質油14は、原料供給管２
と重質油供給管15との間に圧送され、重質油流通路17を
通り出口孔３から水スラリー13と同時に吐出され、混合
室18内で水スラリー13中の石炭粒子表面に付着せしめ
る。The raw material supply pipe central channel 1 is formed in the raw material supply pipe 2. A mixture of coal and water to be atomized, that is, a water slurry 13 is pressure-fed to the raw material supply central flow path 1 and flows out from the outlet hole 3. Raw material supply pipe 2 and petroleum-based reduced pressure residual oil (heavy oil)
The supply pipe 15 is integral, and the heavy oil supply pipe 15 has a semi-conical surface 4 on the outside of the tip thereof. The semi-conical surface 4 is provided with four steam circulation grooves 5 which are steam flow passages. The semi-conical surface 4 and the conical surface 6 are concentrically inserted into the conical surface 6 by the central member 8 and the nozzle outer piece 7 so as to be in contact with each other. Heavy oil 14 is the raw material supply pipe 2
And the heavy oil supply pipe 15 are pressure-fed, pass through the heavy oil flow passage 17 and are discharged from the outlet hole 3 at the same time as the water slurry 13, and adhere to the surface of the coal particles in the water slurry 13 in the mixing chamber 18. .

噴霧用スチーム12は、重質油供給管15の外面とスチーム
管９の内面で構成する流通路10中に圧送され、半円錐状
面４および円錐状面６との接触部に設けたスチーム流通
溝５に至り、このスチーム流通溝５を通つたスチーム12
で混合物噴出口11より水スラリー13と重質油14を連続的
に噴出させる。The atomizing steam 12 is pressure-fed into the flow passage 10 constituted by the outer surface of the heavy oil supply pipe 15 and the inner surface of the steam pipe 9, and the steam distribution provided in the contact portion with the semi-conical surface 4 and the conical surface 6. Steam 12 that reaches the groove 5 and passes through this steam distribution groove 5
Then, the water slurry 13 and the heavy oil 14 are continuously ejected from the mixture ejection port 11.

このノズルにおいて、まず大気圧下でノズル出口から噴
霧される状態を観察しノズル構造が最適か否かの判断を
した。In this nozzle, first, the state of spraying from the nozzle outlet under atmospheric pressure was observed to determine whether the nozzle structure was optimal.

水スラリー調整時に使用した石炭の粒径を表１に示す。Table 1 shows the particle size of coal used in preparing the water slurry.

スラリーノズルの原料供給管出口及び混合物噴出口の径
を2.0mmφ、原料供給管の内径3.0mmφ、重質油供給管の
内径を8.0mmφ、スチーム管の内径を12mmφの物を製作
し表２に示した条件で大気中での噴霧試験を実施した。 The diameter of the raw material supply pipe outlet and the mixture jet outlet of the slurry nozzle is 2.0mmφ, the raw material supply pipe inner diameter is 3.0mmφ, the heavy oil supply pipe inner diameter is 8.0mmφ, and the steam pipe inner diameter is 12mmφ. A spray test was performed in the atmosphere under the indicated conditions.

その結果、水スラリーのたれ落ちや間欠的な噴霧もなく
良好に連続噴霧した。そのため、内径25mmφの反応炉に
設置してガス化実験を行つた。今回の実験で得られた、
粗粒生成抑制に及ぼす重質油混合割合の影響を示す。石
炭（粘結炭）としてボタン指数2.0のウイツトバンク炭
を用い、石炭濃度60重量％の水スラリーを1Kg/h一定で
重質油の割合（水スラリー供給量に対して）を０〜40重
量％まで変化させながら、炉内の粗粒生成割合を調べ
た。その結果、第７図のように重質油が10重量％以下だ
と粗粒生成が著しく炉内に塊状物が堆積し運転が不能に
なつた。10重量％以上にすると粗粒生成が15重量％前後
で一定になり重質油の割合を増加しても粗粒割合は変化
しなかつた。 As a result, the water slurry was satisfactorily continuously sprayed without dripping or intermittent spraying. Therefore, the gasification experiment was carried out by installing it in a reactor with an inner diameter of 25 mmφ. Obtained in this experiment,
The influence of the mixing ratio of heavy oil on the suppression of coarse grain formation is shown. Witbank coal with a Button Index of 2.0 is used as coal (caking coal), and water slurry with a coal concentration of 60% by weight is fixed at 1 Kg / h and the proportion of heavy oil (based on the amount of water slurry supplied) is 0 to 40% by weight. The rate of coarse grain formation in the furnace was investigated while changing the temperature up to. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, when the heavy oil was less than 10% by weight, coarse particles were remarkably generated and lumps were accumulated in the furnace, which made the operation impossible. When the content was more than 10% by weight, the generation of coarse particles became constant around 15% by weight, and the ratio of coarse particles did not change even if the proportion of heavy oil was increased.

このようなことから、粗粒生成を抑制するためには、水
スラリー供給量に対して重質油の供給割合を最低10重量
％にすることにより粗粒抑制に効果があると同時にスラ
リー噴霧ノズル先端内部での凝集固化による閉塞もなく
なり連続的に供給できることが確認できた。Therefore, in order to suppress the generation of coarse particles, it is effective to suppress the coarse particles by setting the heavy oil supply ratio to a minimum of 10% by weight with respect to the water slurry supply amount, and at the same time the slurry spray nozzle. It was confirmed that there was no blockage due to coagulation and solidification inside the tip, and continuous supply was possible.

（発明の効果） 以上説明した通り、本発明によれば連続的に噴霧できる
と同時に粘結炭使用時でも先端内部での凝集固化もなか
つたことから巾広い炭種に適用できる効果がある。ま
た、流動層ガス化炉だけではなく、燃焼炉にも適用可能
なノズルである。(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, there is an effect that it can be applied to a wide range of coal types because it can be continuously sprayed and at the same time, even when using coking coal, there is no coagulation and solidification inside the tip. Further, the nozzle is applicable not only to the fluidized bed gasification furnace but also to the combustion furnace.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

第１図は従来のスラリー噴霧ノズルの概略図、第２図は
第１図のＡ−Ａ断面図、第３図は本発明の三流体噴霧ノ
ズルの概略図、第４図は第３図のＢ−Ｂ断面図、第５図
は第３図中の重質油供給管の外観図、第６図は第５図の
Ｃ−Ｃ視図、第７図は粗粒生成に及ぼす重質油供給割合
の影響を示す線図である。 １……原料供給中心流路、２……原料供給管（内側
管）、３……原料供給管出口孔（内側管）、９……スチ
ーム（外側管）、10……流通路、11……混合物噴出口、
12……スチーム、13……原料（水スラリー）、14……石
油系減圧残渣油（重質油）、15……重質油供給管（中側
管）、16……重質油流通路、18……混合室。FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional slurry spray nozzle, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a three-fluid spray nozzle of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a schematic view of FIG. BB cross-sectional view, FIG. 5 is an external view of the heavy oil supply pipe in FIG. 3, FIG. 6 is a CC view of FIG. 5, and FIG. It is a diagram which shows the influence of a supply ratio. 1 ... Raw material supply central flow path, 2 ... Raw material supply pipe (inner pipe), 3 ... Raw material supply pipe outlet hole (inner pipe), 9 ... Steam (outer pipe), 10 ... Flow passage, 11 ... … Mixture spout,
12 …… Steam, 13 …… Raw material (water slurry), 14 …… Petroleum-based reduced pressure residual oil (heavy oil), 15 …… Heavy oil supply pipe (middle pipe), 16 …… Heavy oil flow passage , 18 …… Mixing room.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】中心部には石炭粒子と水を混合した水スラ
リーを流通する流通路を、その外周には重質油を、ま
た、最外周には蒸気あるいは窒素を夫々流通する流通路
を形成した同心状の三重管を設け、この三重管の先端に
これら各流体を混合して噴出する混合室を形成したこと
を特徴とする三流体スラリー噴霧ノズル。1. A flow passage for circulating a water slurry in which coal particles and water are mixed is provided at the center, heavy oil is provided at the outer periphery thereof, and vapor or nitrogen is provided at the outermost periphery thereof. A three-fluid slurry spray nozzle characterized in that a formed concentric triple tube is provided, and a mixing chamber for mixing and ejecting these fluids is formed at the tip of the triple tube.