JPH0645812A - Resonator - Google Patents
ResonatorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0645812A JPH0645812A JP15323992A JP15323992A JPH0645812A JP H0645812 A JPH0645812 A JP H0645812A JP 15323992 A JP15323992 A JP 15323992A JP 15323992 A JP15323992 A JP 15323992A JP H0645812 A JPH0645812 A JP H0645812A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- resonator
- transmission line
- line
- resonance
- ring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は高周波用の各種無線機
器、通信機器、測定器の発振器等に用いられる共振器に
関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a resonator used in various radio equipment for high frequencies, communication equipment, oscillators of measuring instruments and the like.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、移動体通信に対する需要が急激に
増大し、適用可能な新たな周波数資源である準マイクロ
波帯を利用したシステムの開発が行われている。高周波
用の発振器に用いられる小形共振器にはTEMモードの
共振器が最もよく利用され、これらの共振器のうち伝送
線路の両端を容量で接続したスプリットリング共振器
は、短絡端が存在せず小型な共振器であることからフィ
ルタ、発振器に用いられている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the demand for mobile communication has rapidly increased, and systems using the quasi-microwave band which is a new applicable frequency resource have been developed. A TEM mode resonator is most often used as a small resonator used in a high-frequency oscillator. Of these resonators, a split ring resonator in which both ends of a transmission line are connected by a capacitor does not have a short-circuit end. Since it is a small resonator, it is used for filters and oscillators.
【0003】以下、従来の共振器について説明する。図
6は従来の共振器の構成の一例を示すものである。図6
において、1はヘアピン構造の伝送線路、2は共振用容
量、3は伝送線路1、共振用容量2から構成されるスプ
リットリング共振器である。A conventional resonator will be described below. FIG. 6 shows an example of the configuration of a conventional resonator. Figure 6
In the figure, 1 is a transmission line having a hairpin structure, 2 is a resonance capacitor, 3 is a split ring resonator composed of a transmission line 1 and a resonance capacitor 2.
【0004】以上のように構成された共振器について、
以下その動作について説明する。まず、リング状伝送線
路の開放端に容量を接続する構造とすることにより、共
振器線路長を1波長より大幅に短縮できる。共振用容量
2と伝送線路1とにより並列共振形の共振回路が構成さ
れ、その共振周波数は伝送線路1の特性(特性インピー
ダンス、電気長)と共振用容量2の容量値によって決定
される。Regarding the resonator configured as described above,
The operation will be described below. First, by adopting a structure in which a capacitance is connected to the open end of the ring-shaped transmission line, the resonator line length can be significantly shortened from one wavelength. The resonance capacitor 2 and the transmission line 1 constitute a parallel resonance type resonance circuit, and the resonance frequency thereof is determined by the characteristics (characteristic impedance, electrical length) of the transmission line 1 and the capacitance value of the resonance capacitor 2.
【0005】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら前記の従
来の構成では,共振用容量が電界の集中している伝送線
路の開放端に接続されているため、共振用容量としてバ
ラクタダイオード等の可変容量素子を用いた場合、その
Q値が低いことより共振器全体の無負荷Qが劣化し、こ
の共振器を高周波帯の発振器に利用した場合、発振器の
C/N、S/Nが確保できないという課題を有してい
た。However, in the above-mentioned conventional structure, since the resonance capacitance is connected to the open end of the transmission line where the electric field is concentrated, a variable capacitance element such as a varactor diode is used as the resonance capacitance. When the resonator is used, the unloaded Q of the entire resonator deteriorates due to its low Q value, and when this resonator is used for a high frequency band oscillator, the C / N and S / N of the oscillator cannot be secured. Had.
【0006】本発明は前記従来の課題を解決するもの
で、バラクタダイオード等の可変容量素子をスプリット
リング共振器へ挿入した場合においても無負荷Qの劣化
の少ない共振器を提供することを目的とする。The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a resonator in which the no-load Q is less deteriorated even when a variable capacitance element such as a varactor diode is inserted in a split ring resonator. To do.
【0007】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】この目的を達成するため
に本発明は、共振用容量をリング状伝送線路の開放端を
除く部分に接続する構成をとっている。In order to achieve this object, the present invention has a structure in which a resonance capacitor is connected to a portion of the ring-shaped transmission line excluding the open end.
【0008】[0008]
【作用】本発明は、共振用容量を電界が集中している伝
送線路の開放端ではなく電界が小さい部分に接続するこ
とで、無負荷Qの劣化の少ない共振器を実現することが
できる。According to the present invention, the resonance capacitance is connected not to the open end of the transmission line where the electric field is concentrated but to the portion where the electric field is small, so that the resonator with little deterioration of the unloaded Q can be realized.
【0009】[0009]
【実施例】(実施例1)以下、本発明の第1の実施例に
ついて、図面を参照しながら説明する。(Embodiment 1) A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【0010】図1は本発明の一実施例における共振器の
平面図である。図1において、11は伝送線路、12は
共振用容量である。FIG. 1 is a plan view of a resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 11 is a transmission line and 12 is a resonance capacitor.
【0011】前記のように構成された共振器について、
その動作を説明する。伝送線路11、共振用容量12か
らなる共振器は開放端において電界最大となり、開放端
から離れるにつれて電界は小さくなり、中央部において
電圧最小、電流最大となるRF短絡点となる。これより
共振用容量12を共振器の開放端以外の部分に挿入する
ことで共振用容量12の無負荷Qの影響を受けにくくな
り、共振器全体の無負荷Qの劣化を緩和することができ
る。Regarding the resonator configured as described above,
The operation will be described. The resonator formed of the transmission line 11 and the resonance capacitor 12 has the maximum electric field at the open end, and the electric field becomes smaller as the distance from the open end increases, and the RF short circuit point becomes the minimum voltage and the maximum current in the central portion. As a result, by inserting the resonance capacitor 12 into a portion other than the open end of the resonator, it becomes difficult to be affected by the unloaded Q of the resonance capacitor 12, and deterioration of the unloaded Q of the entire resonator can be mitigated. .
【0012】以上のように本実施例によれば、共振用容
量を伝送線路の開放端を除く部分に挿入することで、共
振器線路長を大幅に小型化できるとともに無負荷Qの劣
化を防ぐことができる。As described above, according to this embodiment, by inserting the resonance capacitor into the portion of the transmission line other than the open end, the resonator line length can be greatly reduced and the deterioration of the no-load Q can be prevented. be able to.
【0013】(実施例2)以下、本発明の第2の実施例
について、図面を参照しながら説明する。(Second Embodiment) A second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【0014】図2は本発明の一実施例における共振器の
平面図である。図2において、21は伝送線路、22は
共振用容量で、図1の構成と異なるのは伝送線路21を
開放端で線路幅を他の線路部分より広くした伝送線路と
した点である。FIG. 2 is a plan view of a resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2, 21 is a transmission line, 22 is a resonance capacitor, which differs from the configuration of FIG. 1 in that the transmission line 21 is an open end and the line width is wider than other line portions.
【0015】前記のように構成された共振器について、
その動作を説明する。ヘアピン構造のリング状伝送線路
の開放端で線路幅を他の線路部分より広くすることで、
図1に示す実施例よりもさらに共振器長を短くすること
ができる。その他の動作は実施例1と同様のため省略す
る。Regarding the resonator configured as described above,
The operation will be described. By making the line width wider than other line parts at the open end of the ring-shaped transmission line of hairpin structure,
The resonator length can be further shortened as compared with the embodiment shown in FIG. The other operations are the same as those in the first embodiment, and will be omitted.
【0016】以上のように本実施例によれば、開放端の
線路幅を他の線路部分より広くしたリング状伝送線路を
用いたスプリットリング共振器において共振用容量を前
記伝送線路の開放端を除く部分に挿入することで、共振
器線路長を大幅に小型化できるとともに無負荷Qの劣化
を防ぐことができる。As described above, according to this embodiment, in a split ring resonator using a ring-shaped transmission line in which the line width of the open end is wider than the other line portions, the resonance capacitance is provided at the open end of the transmission line. By inserting it in the removed portion, it is possible to significantly reduce the resonator line length and prevent deterioration of the no-load Q.
【0017】(実施例3)以下、本発明の第3の実施例
について、図面を参照しながら説明する。(Embodiment 3) A third embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【0018】図3は本発明の一実施例における共振器の
平面図である。図3において、31は伝送線路、32は
共振用容量で、図1の構成と異なるのは伝送線路31
を、平行結合線路部を有するリング状伝送線路とした点
である。FIG. 3 is a plan view of a resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, 31 is a transmission line and 32 is a resonance capacitor. The difference from the configuration of FIG.
Is a ring-shaped transmission line having a parallel coupled line portion.
【0019】前記のように構成された共振器について、
その動作を説明する。ヘアピン構造のリング状伝送線路
に平行結合線路部を設け、その分布結合容量を利用する
ことで、電界の集中を緩和するとともに共振用容量を開
放端を除く部分に挿入することで図1に示す共振器より
もさらに共振器長を短くすることができる。その他の動
作は実施例1と同様のため省略する。Regarding the resonator configured as described above,
The operation will be described. A parallel-coupled line portion is provided in the ring-shaped transmission line of the hairpin structure, and the distributed coupling capacitance is used to reduce the concentration of the electric field and insert the resonance capacitance into the portion excluding the open end, as shown in FIG. The resonator length can be made shorter than that of the resonator. The other operations are the same as those in the first embodiment, and will be omitted.
【0020】以上のように本実施例によれば、平行結合
線路部を有するリング状伝送線路を用いたスプリットリ
ング共振器において共振用容量を前記伝送線路の開放端
を除く部分に挿入することで、共振器線路長を大幅に小
型化できるとともに無負荷Qの劣化を防ぐことができ
る。As described above, according to the present embodiment, in the split ring resonator using the ring-shaped transmission line having the parallel coupling line portion, the resonance capacitance is inserted into the portion other than the open end of the transmission line. In addition, the resonator line length can be greatly reduced, and the deterioration of the unloaded Q can be prevented.
【0021】(実施例4)以下、本発明の第4の実施例
について、図面を参照しながら説明する。(Embodiment 4) A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【0022】図4は本発明の一実施例における共振器の
平面図である。図4において、41は伝送線路、42は
共振用容量で、図3の構成と異なるのは伝送線路41
を、平行結合線路部を有し前記平行結合線路部のインピ
ーダンスを単一線路部分に比しステップ状に変化させた
伝送線路とした点である。FIG. 4 is a plan view of a resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention. 4, 41 is a transmission line, and 42 is a resonance capacitor. The difference from the configuration of FIG.
Is a transmission line which has a parallel coupling line portion and has the impedance of the parallel coupling line portion changed stepwise as compared with a single line portion.
【0023】前記のように構成された共振器について、
その動作を説明する。リング状伝送線路の開放端に平行
結合線路部分を設けそのインピーダンスを単一線路部分
より低くするとともに共振用容量42を開放端を除く部
分に挿入することで、図2、3に示す実施例よりもさら
に共振器長を短くすることができる。その他の動作は実
施例1と同様のため省略する。Regarding the resonator configured as described above,
The operation will be described. By providing a parallel coupling line portion at the open end of the ring-shaped transmission line to make its impedance lower than that of the single line portion and inserting the resonance capacitor 42 at the portion excluding the open end, the embodiment shown in FIGS. The resonator length can be further shortened. The other operations are the same as those in the first embodiment, and will be omitted.
【0024】以上のように本実施例によれば、平行結合
線路部を有し、前記平行結合線路部のインピーダンスを
単一線路部分に比しステップ状に変化させたリング状伝
送線路を用いたスプリットリング共振器において共振用
容量を前記伝送線路の開放端を除く部分に挿入すること
で、共振器線路長を大幅に小型化できるとともに無負荷
Qの劣化を防ぐことができる。As described above, according to the present embodiment, the ring-shaped transmission line having the parallel coupling line portion and having the impedance of the parallel coupling line portion changed stepwise as compared with the single line portion is used. By inserting the resonance capacitor in the split ring resonator at a portion other than the open end of the transmission line, it is possible to significantly reduce the resonator line length and prevent deterioration of the no-load Q.
【0025】(実施例5)以下、本発明の第5の実施例
について、図面を参照しながら説明する。(Embodiment 5) Hereinafter, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
【0026】図5において、51は伝送線路、52はバ
ラクタダイオード、53、54は容量、55は抵抗、5
6はコイル、57はバラクタダイオード52、容量5
3、54から構成される合成容量である。In FIG. 5, 51 is a transmission line, 52 is a varactor diode, 53 and 54 are capacitors, 55 is a resistor, and 5 is a resistor.
6 is a coil, 57 is a varactor diode 52, and a capacitance is 5.
This is a combined capacity composed of 3, 54.
【0027】前記のように構成された共振器について、
以下その動作を説明する。まず、合成容量57の両端を
伝送線路51の開放端以外の2点に接続する。次にバラ
クタダイオード52のアノード端子をコイル56により
直流的に接地し、抵抗55からバラクタダイオード52
のカソード端子へ直流電圧を印加することで、バラクタ
ダイオード52の直流電位によりバラクタ容量が得ら
れ、合成容量57の容量が決定する。容量53、54は
直流を阻止するとともにバラクタ容量の合成容量57へ
の寄与分を決定する。決定した合成容量57と伝送線路
51とにより並列共振形の共振回路が構成され、その共
振周波数は合成容量57の容量と伝送線路51の特性と
によって決定される。共振周波数の調整は、バラクタダ
イオード52に印加される直流電位によってバラクタ容
量を変化させることにより可能となる。このとき合成容
量57は第4の実施例における共振用容量42に相当す
るため、第4の実施例と同様、共振器の無負荷Qの劣化
は少ない。Regarding the resonator configured as described above,
The operation will be described below. First, both ends of the composite capacitor 57 are connected to two points other than the open end of the transmission line 51. Next, the anode terminal of the varactor diode 52 is grounded in a direct current manner by the coil 56, and the resistor 55 is connected to the varactor diode 52.
By applying a DC voltage to the cathode terminal of, the varactor capacitance is obtained by the DC potential of the varactor diode 52, and the capacitance of the combined capacitance 57 is determined. The capacitors 53 and 54 block the direct current and determine the contribution of the varactor capacitor to the combined capacitor 57. A parallel resonance type resonance circuit is configured by the determined combined capacitance 57 and the transmission line 51, and its resonance frequency is determined by the capacitance of the combined capacitance 57 and the characteristics of the transmission line 51. The resonance frequency can be adjusted by changing the varactor capacitance according to the DC potential applied to the varactor diode 52. At this time, since the combined capacitance 57 corresponds to the resonance capacitance 42 in the fourth embodiment, the unloaded Q of the resonator is less deteriorated as in the fourth embodiment.
【0028】以上のように本実施例によればバラクタダ
イオードをスプリットリング共振器の開放端以外の部分
に挿入することにより、共振器の無負荷Qの劣化を防ぐ
とともに共振周波数の調整を行うことができる。As described above, according to this embodiment, the varactor diode is inserted into a portion other than the open end of the split ring resonator to prevent deterioration of the unloaded Q of the resonator and to adjust the resonance frequency. You can
【0029】なお、第5の実施例において、伝送線路5
1は平行結合線路部を有し、前記平行結合線路部のイン
ピーダンスを単一線路部分に比しステップ状に変化させ
たリング状伝送線路としたが、伝送線路51は、ヘアピ
ン構造を有するリング状伝送線路としても、開放端の線
路幅を他の線路部分より広くしたリング状伝送線路とし
ても、平行結合線路部を有するリング状伝送線路として
もよい。また、第5の実施例では可変容量素子をバラク
タダイオード52としたが、バラクタダイオード52は
任意の可変容量素子としてよいことはいうまでもない。In the fifth embodiment, the transmission line 5
Reference numeral 1 is a ring-shaped transmission line having a parallel coupled line portion, and the impedance of the parallel coupled line portion is changed stepwise as compared with a single line portion. The transmission line 51 is a ring-shaped transmission line having a hairpin structure. The transmission line may be a ring-shaped transmission line having a line width at the open end wider than other line portions, or a ring-shaped transmission line having a parallel coupling line portion. Further, in the fifth embodiment, the varactor diode 52 is used as the variable capacitance element, but it goes without saying that the varactor diode 52 may be any variable capacitance element.
【0030】[0030]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明は共振用容量を電界
が集中している伝送線路開放端ではなく、電界が小さい
部分に接続することでバラクタダイオード等の無負荷Q
の低い可変容量素子を用いた場合においても無負荷Qの
劣化の少ない優れた共振器を実現できるものである。As described above, according to the present invention, the resonance capacitance is connected not to the open end of the transmission line where the electric field is concentrated but to the portion where the electric field is small, so that the no-load Q such as a varactor diode is connected.
It is possible to realize an excellent resonator in which the no-load Q is less deteriorated even when a variable capacitance element having a low value is used.
【図1】本発明の第1の実施例における共振器の平面図FIG. 1 is a plan view of a resonator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図2】本発明の第2の実施例における共振器の平面図FIG. 2 is a plan view of a resonator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図3】本発明の第3の実施例における共振器の平面図FIG. 3 is a plan view of a resonator according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
【図4】本発明の第4の実施例における共振器の平面図FIG. 4 is a plan view of a resonator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
【図5】本発明の第5の実施例における共振器の平面図FIG. 5 is a plan view of a resonator according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
【図6】従来の共振器の平面図FIG. 6 is a plan view of a conventional resonator.
1 伝送線路 2 共振用容量 3 スプリットリング共振器 11 伝送線路 12 共振用容量 21 伝送線路 22 共振用容量 31 伝送線路 32 共振用容量 41 伝送線路 42 共振用容量 51 伝送線路 52 バラクタダイオード 53、54 容量 55 抵抗 56 コイル 57 合成容量 1 Transmission Line 2 Resonance Capacitance 3 Split Ring Resonator 11 Transmission Line 12 Resonance Capacitance 21 Transmission Line 22 Resonance Capacitance 31 Transmission Line 32 Resonance Capacitance 41 Transmission Line 42 Resonance Capacitance 51 Transmission Line 52 Varactor Diode 53, 54 Capacitance 55 resistance 56 coil 57 synthetic capacity
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 牧本 三夫 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電器 産業株式会社内Front page continuation (72) Inventor Mitsuo Makimoto 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
Claims (5)
ング状伝送線路の開放端を除く部分に接続された共振用
容量を備えたことを特徴とする共振器。1. A resonator comprising: a ring-shaped transmission line whose both ends are open; and a resonance capacitor connected to a portion of the ring-shaped transmission line other than the open end.
幅を他の伝送線路部分より広くした線路を用いたことを
特徴とする請求項1記載の共振器。2. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein the ring-shaped transmission line is a line whose open end has a wider line width than other transmission line portions.
結合線路部を有する伝送線路を用いたことを特徴とする
請求項1記載の共振器。3. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein a transmission line having a parallel coupling line portion at an open end is used as the ring-shaped transmission line.
た平行結合線路部と前記平行結合線路部に対して線路の
特性インピーダンスをステップ状に変化させた伝送線路
とを用いたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の共振器。4. The ring-shaped transmission line includes a parallel coupling line portion provided at an open end and a transmission line in which the characteristic impedance of the line is changed stepwise with respect to the parallel coupling line portion. The resonator according to claim 1.
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の共振器。5. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein a variable capacitance element is used as the resonance capacitor.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP4153239A JP2512264B2 (en) | 1992-06-12 | 1992-06-12 | Resonator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP4153239A JP2512264B2 (en) | 1992-06-12 | 1992-06-12 | Resonator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH0645812A true JPH0645812A (en) | 1994-02-18 |
JP2512264B2 JP2512264B2 (en) | 1996-07-03 |
Family
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JP4153239A Expired - Fee Related JP2512264B2 (en) | 1992-06-12 | 1992-06-12 | Resonator |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100958832B1 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2010-05-24 | 한국과학기술원 | A Novel Compact Tunable Resonator Based on Varactor-Loaded Complementary Split-Ring Resonator |
JP2011103630A (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-05-26 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Antenna device, and wireless communication apparatus having the same |
JP2011103629A (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-05-26 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Antenna device, and wireless communication apparatus having the same |
JP2013509097A (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2013-03-07 | エイ・ティ・アンド・ティ インテレクチュアル プロパティ アイ,エル.ピー. | Method and apparatus for dynamically processing an electron beam |
JP2013509000A (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2013-03-07 | ザイリンクス インコーポレイテッド | High impedance electrical connection via |
US9106344B2 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2015-08-11 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Method and apparatus for providing beam steering of terahertz electromagnetic waves |
US9246584B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2016-01-26 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Method and apparatus for providing communication using a terahertz link |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04132405A (en) * | 1990-09-25 | 1992-05-06 | Tdk Corp | Voltage controlled oscillator |
-
1992
- 1992-06-12 JP JP4153239A patent/JP2512264B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04132405A (en) * | 1990-09-25 | 1992-05-06 | Tdk Corp | Voltage controlled oscillator |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100958832B1 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2010-05-24 | 한국과학기술원 | A Novel Compact Tunable Resonator Based on Varactor-Loaded Complementary Split-Ring Resonator |
JP2013509097A (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2013-03-07 | エイ・ティ・アンド・ティ インテレクチュアル プロパティ アイ,エル.ピー. | Method and apparatus for dynamically processing an electron beam |
JP2013509000A (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2013-03-07 | ザイリンクス インコーポレイテッド | High impedance electrical connection via |
JP2011103630A (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-05-26 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Antenna device, and wireless communication apparatus having the same |
JP2011103629A (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-05-26 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Antenna device, and wireless communication apparatus having the same |
US9246584B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2016-01-26 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Method and apparatus for providing communication using a terahertz link |
US9106344B2 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2015-08-11 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Method and apparatus for providing beam steering of terahertz electromagnetic waves |
US9338788B2 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2016-05-10 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Method and apparatus for providing beam steering of terahertz electromagnetic waves |
Also Published As
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