JPH0636752A - Lithium ion secondary battery - Google Patents
Lithium ion secondary batteryInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0636752A JPH0636752A JP4190594A JP19059492A JPH0636752A JP H0636752 A JPH0636752 A JP H0636752A JP 4190594 A JP4190594 A JP 4190594A JP 19059492 A JP19059492 A JP 19059492A JP H0636752 A JPH0636752 A JP H0636752A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- hole
- safety valve
- pressure
- groove
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
- Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は安全弁機構を内蔵したリ
チウムイオン二次電池に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery incorporating a safety valve mechanism.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、携帯電話やビデオカメラ等の電子
機器の小形化、軽量化、高性能化に伴い、これら電子機
器の電源となる二次電池の高容量化、高エネルギー密度
化への要求が高まってきている。最近では、従来から使
用されている鉛二次電池やニッケルカドミウム二次電池
のほかに、リチウムイオン二次電池のような非水電解質
二次電池の開発が進んでいる。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, as electronic devices such as mobile phones and video cameras have become smaller, lighter, and have higher performance, higher capacity and higher energy density of secondary batteries, which are the power source of these electronic devices, have been required. The demand is increasing. Recently, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries such as lithium-ion secondary batteries have been developed in addition to conventionally used lead secondary batteries and nickel-cadmium secondary batteries.
【０００３】しかしこれら二次電池では、例えば短絡等
の原因で電池内圧が上昇し、比較的急速に電池そのもの
が破損し電池の機能を失ったり、周辺の機器を破損する
ことがあった。However, in these secondary batteries, the internal pressure of the battery rises due to, for example, a short circuit, and the battery itself may be damaged relatively quickly and the battery function may be lost, or peripheral devices may be damaged.
【０００４】例えば前記リチウムイオン二次電池では、
機器の故障あるいは誤使用等によって過充電状態や短絡
状態になると、電池内部が加熱され電解液が分解されて
ガスが発生し、電池内圧が上昇し、爆発してしまう場合
があった。このため前記二次電池には防爆のために安全
弁機構が設けられている。For example, in the lithium ion secondary battery,
When an overcharged state or a short-circuited state occurs due to equipment failure or misuse, etc., the inside of the battery is heated, the electrolytic solution is decomposed, gas is generated, and the internal pressure of the battery rises, which may cause an explosion. Therefore, the secondary battery is provided with a safety valve mechanism for explosion protection.
【０００５】ところで、前記安全弁機構が付設されたリ
チウムイオン二次電池としては図５及び図６に示す構造
のものが提案されている。すなわち、発電要素を収納す
る外装缶２１の底部外面には、直線部及びその両端をＶ
字形にした形状を有する放圧用の溝２２が形成されてい
る。前記溝２２の底部は弁膜２３として機能する。前記
溝２２は、前記外装缶２１底部外面に前記溝２２と同形
状のパンチによりプレス加工するか、あるいはエッチン
グ加工するか、いずれかにより形成される。このような
構成の二次電池において、その内圧が過電流等により上
昇すると、前記弁膜２３が破断されて孔が形成される。
この孔より外装缶２１内に充満したガスは放出され、二
次電池の爆発が防止される。前記内圧上昇に伴う爆発を
防止するために、前記安全弁機構の動作圧は１５±５ｋ
ｇｆ／ｃｍ2 であることが望ましい。By the way, as a lithium ion secondary battery provided with the safety valve mechanism, one having a structure shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 has been proposed. That is, on the outer surface of the bottom portion of the outer can 21 that houses the power generation element, the straight portion and both ends thereof are V-shaped.
A groove 22 for releasing pressure having a V shape is formed. The bottom of the groove 22 functions as a valve membrane 23. The groove 22 is formed on the outer surface of the bottom of the outer can 21 by either press working with a punch having the same shape as the groove 22 or etching. In the secondary battery having such a structure, when the internal pressure thereof rises due to overcurrent or the like, the valve membrane 23 is broken and a hole is formed.
The gas filling the inside of the outer can 21 is released through this hole, and the explosion of the secondary battery is prevented. The operating pressure of the safety valve mechanism is 15 ± 5k in order to prevent the explosion caused by the increase of the internal pressure.
gf / cm 2 Is desirable.
【０００６】しかしながら、前記プレス加工または前記
エッチング加工のいずれかの方法により前記溝２２を形
成し、その底部に前記動作圧で確実に破断する前記弁膜
２３を形成するには、０．２〜０．４ｍｍの肉厚を有す
る前記外装缶２１底部にその厚さの約１０分の９に相当
する大きな加工量で前記プレス加工または前記エッチン
グ加工を行う必要がある。その結果、成形誤差を生じや
すく、所期の厚さを有する弁膜を精度良く形成すること
が困難になるため、前記動作圧がばらつきやすいという
問題点があった。However, in order to form the groove 22 by any one of the press working and the etching working and to form the valve membrane 23 which is reliably broken at the operating pressure at the bottom thereof, 0.2 to 0 is required. It is necessary to perform the press working or the etching working on the bottom of the outer can 21 having a wall thickness of 0.4 mm with a large working amount corresponding to about 9/10 of the thickness. As a result, a molding error is likely to occur, and it becomes difficult to form a valve film having a desired thickness with high accuracy, so that the operating pressure tends to vary.
【０００７】そこで前記成形誤差を少なくするために、
前記外装缶底部に形成される前記弁膜の肉厚を厚くして
その加工量を低減する必要があった。しかしながら、前
記弁膜の肉厚を厚くすると前記動作圧が例えば４０ｋｇ
ｆ／ｃｍ2 と高くなり、前記弁膜の破断時に前記二次電
池の内容物が前記外装缶外に飛び出してしまい安全性に
劣るという問題点があった。Therefore, in order to reduce the molding error,
It was necessary to increase the wall thickness of the valve membrane formed on the bottom of the outer can to reduce the amount of processing. However, if the wall thickness of the valve membrane is increased, the operating pressure becomes, for example, 40 kg.
f / cm 2 There is a problem in that the content of the secondary battery jumps out of the outer can when the valve membrane is broken, resulting in poor safety.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は従来の問題を
解決するためになされたもので、所期の動作圧で確実に
破断される弁膜を含む安全弁機構を備えたリチウムイオ
ン二次電池を提供するものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to solve the conventional problems and provides a lithium ion secondary battery having a safety valve mechanism including a valve membrane that is reliably broken at a desired operating pressure. It is provided.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、発電要素を収
納した外装缶；前記外装缶に設けられ、放圧用の孔が開
口された封口体；According to the present invention, there is provided an exterior canister accommodating a power generating element; a sealing body provided in the exterior canister and having a hole for releasing pressure.
【００１０】前記封口体に開口された放圧用の孔と、前
記封口体外面に取付けられ、前記孔に少なくとも対応す
る箇所に設けられた溝によりその底部に弁膜が形成され
た薄膜とからなる安全弁機構；を備えることを特徴とす
る。A safety valve comprising a pressure release hole opened in the sealing body and a thin film attached to the outer surface of the sealing body and having a valve membrane formed at the bottom by a groove provided at a position corresponding to at least the hole. A mechanism; is provided.
【００１１】[0011]
【作用】本発明によれば、外装缶に取付けられ前記外装
缶内の圧力を低下させるための孔を開口させた封口体
と、前記封口体外面に取付けられ前記孔に少なくとも対
応する箇所に設けられた溝の底部に弁膜が形成された薄
膜とからなる安全弁機構を備えることによって、前記薄
膜として強度保持のために充分な厚さにする必要がある
前記外装缶底部に比べて薄いものを用いることができ
る。その結果、前記薄膜に所期動作圧で破断される前記
弁膜を形成する際の加工量を大幅に減少させることがで
きるため、成形誤差（弁膜の肉厚誤差）を著しく低減で
きる。したがって、所期動作圧で常に破断される弁膜を
備えた安全弁機構を得ることができるため、前記安全弁
機構が組込まれた電池において過充電や短絡等によりそ
の内圧が上昇した際に、前記弁膜が再現性よく破断され
て前記内圧が過度に上昇することに伴う爆発を防止する
ことができる。According to the present invention, a sealing body attached to an outer can and having a hole for reducing the pressure in the outer can is opened, and a sealing body is attached to an outer surface of the sealing body and provided at a position corresponding to at least the hole. By providing a safety valve mechanism composed of a thin film having a valve film formed at the bottom of the formed groove, a thin film that is thinner than the outer can bottom that needs to have a sufficient thickness to maintain strength is used as the thin film. be able to. As a result, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of processing when forming the valve membrane that is broken in the thin film at the intended operating pressure, and thus it is possible to significantly reduce the molding error (the valve wall thickness error). Therefore, since it is possible to obtain a safety valve mechanism having a valve membrane that is always broken at the intended operating pressure, when the internal pressure of the battery incorporating the safety valve mechanism increases due to overcharging or short circuit, the valve membrane is It is possible to prevent explosion caused by breakage with good reproducibility and excessive increase in the internal pressure.
【００１２】[0012]
【実施例】本発明を円筒形リチウムイオン二次電池に適
用した例について図１〜図３を参照して説明する。EXAMPLE An example in which the present invention is applied to a cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery will be described with reference to FIGS.
【００１３】外装缶１は発電要素を収納し、例えば負極
端子を兼ねる。中央に穴を有する封口体２は、前記外装
缶１にレーザ溶接にて気密に取付けられている。正極ピ
ン端子３は、その両端が前記封口体２の上下面から突出
するように前記封口体２の中央部の穴にガラス製絶縁材
４を介してハーメチックシールによって取付けられて、
負極端子となる前記外装缶１と前記封口体２との絶縁を
はかっている。前記外装缶１と前記封口体２と前記正極
ピン端子３は、例えばステンレスから形成されている。The outer can 1 houses a power generating element and also serves as a negative electrode terminal, for example. The sealing body 2 having a hole in the center is airtightly attached to the outer can 1 by laser welding. The positive electrode pin terminal 3 is attached by a hermetic seal through a glass insulating material 4 to a hole in the central portion of the sealing body 2 so that both ends thereof project from the upper and lower surfaces of the sealing body 2,
The outer can 1 serving as the negative electrode terminal is insulated from the sealing body 2. The outer can 1, the sealing body 2, and the positive electrode pin terminal 3 are made of, for example, stainless steel.
【００１４】安全弁機構５は、前記封口体２に開口され
た孔６と、前記封口体２外面にレーザ溶接によって気密
に取付けられ、前記孔６に対応する箇所に設けられた溝
７によりその底部に弁膜８が形成された薄膜９とから形
成されている。前記孔６は、例えば前記封口体２の中心
と同心円状に形成された３個の円弧形の孔からなる。前
記溝７は、例えば前記孔６と対応する箇所に設けられた
円形溝１０とこれと交わり前記封口体２の中心から放射
線状に延びた線形溝１１とからなり、例えばプレス加工
やエッチング加工によって形成される。前記薄膜９は例
えばリング状をなしている。また、前記薄膜９はレーザ
溶接によって前記封口体２に取付けられているため、前
記封口体２と同じ材質、例えばステンレスから形成され
ることが望ましい。The safety valve mechanism 5 is airtightly attached to the outer surface of the sealing body 2 by laser welding and has a groove 7 provided at a position corresponding to the hole 6 at the bottom thereof. And a thin film 9 on which a valve film 8 is formed. The holes 6 are, for example, three arc-shaped holes formed concentrically with the center of the sealing body 2. The groove 7 includes, for example, a circular groove 10 provided at a position corresponding to the hole 6 and a linear groove 11 that intersects with the circular groove 10 and extends radially from the center of the sealing body 2. For example, by pressing or etching. It is formed. The thin film 9 has, for example, a ring shape. Further, since the thin film 9 is attached to the sealing body 2 by laser welding, it is desirable that the thin film 9 be formed of the same material as the sealing body 2, for example, stainless steel.
【００１５】このような構成によれば、外装缶１に取付
けられた封口体２に開口され前記封口体２の中心と同心
円状に形成された３個の円弧形の孔６と、前記封口体２
にレーザ溶接によって気密に取付けられ前記孔６に対応
する箇所に設けられた溝７によりその底部に弁膜８が形
成された薄膜９とから構成された安全弁機構５を備える
ことによって、前記弁膜８は強度保持のために厚さに制
約のある前記外装缶１底部に比べて薄い前記薄膜９に設
けることができる。その結果、所期動作圧で破断する前
記弁膜８を設けるための加工量は従来よりも大幅に減少
されるため、成形誤差を低減して、前記安全弁機構５の
前記動作圧のばらつきを小さくすることができる。According to this structure, three arc-shaped holes 6 are formed in the sealing body 2 attached to the outer can 1 and are formed concentrically with the center of the sealing body 2, and the sealing body. Body 2
By providing a safety valve mechanism 5 composed of a thin film 9 which is airtightly attached by laser welding and has a valve film 8 formed at the bottom thereof by a groove 7 provided at a position corresponding to the hole 6, the valve film 8 is It can be provided on the thin film 9 which is thinner than the bottom of the outer can 1 whose thickness is restricted to maintain strength. As a result, the amount of processing for providing the valve membrane 8 that breaks at the intended operating pressure is significantly reduced as compared with the conventional art, so that a molding error is reduced and the variation in the operating pressure of the safety valve mechanism 5 is reduced. be able to.
【００１６】このような安全弁機構５を組込んだリチウ
ムイオン二次電池において、過充電や誤使用による短絡
に起因して異常電流が流れて、電池内の温度が上昇し、
前記外装缶１内に収容された発電要素の電解質が分解
し、ガスが発生して前記外装缶１の内圧が上昇すると、
前記ガスは前記封口体２に形成した前記安全弁機構５の
円弧形の孔６を通して前記薄膜９の前記弁膜８に圧力を
加える。前記安全弁機構５の前記弁膜８は、前記薄膜９
に肉厚誤差が少なくかつ薄く形成されているため、前記
圧力（動作圧）により確実に破断されて前記ガスを外部
に逃散でき、電池内圧が過度に上昇することに伴う爆発
を防止することができる。In a lithium ion secondary battery incorporating such a safety valve mechanism 5, an abnormal current flows due to a short circuit due to overcharging or misuse, and the temperature inside the battery rises,
When the electrolyte of the power generation element contained in the outer can 1 is decomposed and gas is generated to increase the internal pressure of the outer can 1,
The gas applies pressure to the valve membrane 8 of the thin film 9 through the arcuate hole 6 of the safety valve mechanism 5 formed in the sealing body 2. The valve membrane 8 of the safety valve mechanism 5 is the thin film 9
Since it has a small wall thickness error and is formed thinly, it can be reliably broken by the pressure (operating pressure) to escape the gas to the outside, and it is possible to prevent an explosion caused by an excessive rise in the battery internal pressure. it can.
【００１７】また、図４は前記溝７の底部に形成された
弁膜８の厚さと前記安全弁機構５の切裂圧（動作圧）と
の関係を示す。この図４より前記二次電池の爆発を防止
するために好ましい前記動作圧は、１５±５ｋｇｆ／ｃ
ｍ2 である。したがって、前記薄膜９に前記動作圧で破
断される弁膜８を形成し、かつ成形誤差を低減する観点
から、前記薄膜９の厚さを５０〜６０μｍの範囲にし、
かつ前記弁膜８の厚さを２０〜３３μｍの範囲にするこ
とが望ましい。なお、前記実施例では、前記孔６の数は
３個であったが、前記孔６の数は例えば２個または４個
にすることが可能である。FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the thickness of the valve membrane 8 formed at the bottom of the groove 7 and the cut pressure (operating pressure) of the safety valve mechanism 5. From FIG. 4, the operating pressure preferable for preventing the explosion of the secondary battery is 15 ± 5 kgf / c.
m 2 Is. Therefore, from the viewpoint of forming the valve membrane 8 that is ruptured by the operating pressure on the thin film 9 and reducing the molding error, the thickness of the thin film 9 is set in the range of 50 to 60 μm,
Moreover, it is desirable that the thickness of the valve membrane 8 is in the range of 20 to 33 μm. Although the number of the holes 6 is three in the above embodiment, the number of the holes 6 can be two or four, for example.
【００１８】前記実施例では、前記孔６と対応する箇所
に設けられた前記円形溝１０とこれと交わり前記封口体
２の中心から放射線状に延びた前記線形溝１１とを前記
薄膜９に形成したが、例えば前記孔６に対応する箇所に
設けられた円弧形の溝等も使用することができる。前記
実施例では、円筒形リチウムイオン二次電池に適用して
説明したが、角形リチウムイオン二次電池にも同様に適
用することができる。In the above-mentioned embodiment, the circular groove 10 provided at the position corresponding to the hole 6 and the linear groove 11 intersecting with the hole and extending radially from the center of the sealing body 2 are formed in the thin film 9. However, for example, an arcuate groove or the like provided at a location corresponding to the hole 6 can also be used. In the above-described embodiment, the description is applied to the cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery, but the invention can be applied to the prismatic lithium ion secondary battery as well.
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の効果】以上詳述したように、本発明によれば電
池の内圧上昇によって生じる爆発を効果的に防止するこ
とができ、安全性の高いリチウムイオン二次電池を提供
できる。As described above in detail, according to the present invention, it is possible to effectively prevent an explosion caused by an increase in the internal pressure of the battery, and to provide a highly safe lithium ion secondary battery.
【図１】本実施例である円筒形リチウムイオン二次電池
の安全弁機構の斜視図。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a safety valve mechanism of a cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery that is a present embodiment.
【図２】図１の円筒形リチウムイオン二次電池の安全弁
機構の分解図。FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a safety valve mechanism of the cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery of FIG.
【図３】図１の拡大断面図。FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of FIG.
【図４】安全弁機構における弁膜の厚さの変化に対する
切裂圧の変化を示す特性図。FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing a change in cleaving pressure with respect to a change in leaflet thickness in the safety valve mechanism.
【図５】本発明の従来例である円筒形リチウムイオン二
次電池の安全弁機構の斜視図。FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a safety valve mechanism of a cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery that is a conventional example of the present invention.
【図６】図５の円筒形リチウムイオン二次電池の安全弁
機構の断面図。6 is a sectional view of a safety valve mechanism of the cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery of FIG.
１…電池外装缶、２…封口体、５…安全弁機構、６…
孔、７…溝、８…弁膜、９…薄膜。1 ... Battery outer can, 2 ... Sealing body, 5 ... Safety valve mechanism, 6 ...
Hole, 7 ... Groove, 8 ... Valve membrane, 9 ... Thin film.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 川辺 正道 神奈川県川崎市幸区堀川町72番地 株式会 社東芝堀川町工場内 (72)発明者 栗林 功 東京都千代田区有楽町１丁目１番２号 旭 化成工業株式会社内 (72)発明者 笠原 茂雄 東京都品川区南品川３丁目４番10号 東芝 電池株式会社内 (72)発明者 高山 元 東京都品川区南品川３丁目４番10号 東芝 電池株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Masamichi Kawabe, 72, Horikawa-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Stock company, Toshiba Horikawa-cho factory (72) Inventor, Isao Kuribayashi 1-2, Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shigeo Kasahara 3-4-10 Minami-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Toshiba Battery Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Gen Motoyama 3-4-10 Minami-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Toshiba Battery Co., Ltd.
Claims (1)
に設けられ、放圧用の孔が開口された封口体；前記封口
体に開口された放圧用の孔と、前記封口体外面に取付け
られ、前記孔に少なくとも対応する箇所に設けられた溝
によりその底部に弁膜が形成された薄膜とからなる安全
弁機構；を備えることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次
電池。1. An outer can containing a power generating element; a sealing body provided in the outer can and having a pressure release hole opened; And a safety valve mechanism comprising a thin film having a valve film formed on the bottom thereof by a groove provided at least at a location corresponding to the hole.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19059492A JP3213635B2 (en) | 1992-07-17 | 1992-07-17 | Cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19059492A JP3213635B2 (en) | 1992-07-17 | 1992-07-17 | Cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0636752A true JPH0636752A (en) | 1994-02-10 |
| JP3213635B2 JP3213635B2 (en) | 2001-10-02 |
Family
ID=16260667
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19059492A Expired - Lifetime JP3213635B2 (en) | 1992-07-17 | 1992-07-17 | Cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3213635B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004090814A (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Air bag device |
| JP2010238672A (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 2010-10-21 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | Secondary battery |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108075087B (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2020-07-07 | 安徽中能众诚新能源科技有限公司 | Power lithium battery safety valve |
-
1992
- 1992-07-17 JP JP19059492A patent/JP3213635B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010238672A (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 2010-10-21 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | Secondary battery |
| JP2004090814A (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Air bag device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3213635B2 (en) | 2001-10-02 |
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