JPH0634958A - Liquid crystal element and its production - Google Patents

Liquid crystal element and its production

Info

Publication number
JPH0634958A
JPH0634958A JP4194216A JP19421692A JPH0634958A JP H0634958 A JPH0634958 A JP H0634958A JP 4194216 A JP4194216 A JP 4194216A JP 19421692 A JP19421692 A JP 19421692A JP H0634958 A JPH0634958 A JP H0634958A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
transparent plates
nonflexible
pair
transparent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP4194216A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Toru Kashiwagi
亨 柏木
Yasushi Saito
寧 齋藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Priority to JP4194216A priority Critical patent/JPH0634958A/en
Publication of JPH0634958A publication Critical patent/JPH0634958A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the disturbance in the orientation of liquid crystal molecules by external force, etc., and to obtain a wide visual field angle by fixing a pair of nonflexible transparent plates to the outer sides of transparent conductive plastic substrates holding a liquid crystal material therebetween on the peripheral side of the liquid crystal element in such a manner that the polarization action surfaces exist on the inner side. CONSTITUTION:This element has a liquid crystal unit L formed by holding the liquid crystal material 1 exhibiting a smectic phase with a pair of the soft transparent conductive plastic base materials 1 and a pair of the nonflexible transparent plates 3 larger in size than this unit. After the liquid crystal unit L is held by the nonflexible transparent plates 3, the transparent plates are tightened by screw holes 3a at four corners, by which the liquid crystal unit is brought into pressurized contact therewith. The nonflexible transparent plates 3 are formed by laminating polarizing films via tacky adhesive layers on the surfaces of the plastic substrates 2. The nonflexible transparent plates 3 are brought into pressurized contact with the transparent conductive plastic base materials 2 in such a manner that the polarizing films come to the inner side. Then, the easy disturbance in the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is prevented by the protective effect of the nonflexible transparent plates laminated on the outer side even if the external force, etc., are applied thereon.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、TV画面、一般OA機
器、自動車等の表示パネル、車載ナビゲーションのディ
スプレイ等の表示装置や、光スイッチその他の光学変調
素子等に使用される液晶素子に関し、特に強誘電性液晶
材料等のスメクチック相を示す液晶材料を用いた液晶素
子に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal element used for a display device such as a TV screen, a general OA equipment, a display panel for an automobile, a display for an in-vehicle navigation, an optical switch and other optical modulators, In particular, it relates to a liquid crystal element using a liquid crystal material exhibiting a smectic phase such as a ferroelectric liquid crystal material.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術と発明が解決しようとする課題】従来の液
晶素子は、電極材料として、表面にITO膜等の透明電
極層を設けたガラス板を用いているため、衝撃に弱い、
重い、高価である等の問題があった。また、表示する画
素が小さくなると、ガラス板の厚さが無視できなくな
り、視野角が狭くなるという問題もあった。
2. Description of the Related Art Since a conventional liquid crystal element uses a glass plate having a transparent electrode layer such as an ITO film on its surface as an electrode material, it is vulnerable to impact.
There were problems such as being heavy and expensive. Further, when the pixels to be displayed become small, the thickness of the glass plate cannot be ignored, and there is a problem that the viewing angle becomes narrow.

【0003】そこで、ガラス板に代えて透明導電性プラ
スチック基材を使用することが検討されているが、ごく
簡単な表示内容のものを除けば、未だ具体化した例はな
い。特に高画素数、高表示容量が可能で、かつ動画表示
を行い得る高速応答性の強誘電性液晶材料を使用した素
子において、プラスチック基材を使用することについて
の報告は殆どなされていない。
Therefore, the use of a transparent conductive plastic substrate instead of the glass plate has been studied, but there is no example that has been embodied except for very simple display contents. In particular, there are almost no reports on the use of a plastic base material in an element using a high-speed responsive ferroelectric liquid crystal material capable of displaying a moving image with a high pixel count and a high display capacity.

【0004】強誘電性液晶材料を用いる素子は、導電面
を配向処理した一対の導電基材間で双安定的に配向され
た液晶分子が、基材間に印加される電圧の極性に応じ
て、双安定な2状態のうち何れかの配向状態に揃うのを
利用したもので、この2状態のうちの一方における液晶
分子の平均分子長軸方向に偏光軸を一致させた偏光膜を
組み合わせることにより、透過光または反射光を制御す
るものである。
In an element using a ferroelectric liquid crystal material, liquid crystal molecules which are bistable aligned between a pair of conductive base materials whose conductive surfaces have been subjected to alignment treatment are responsive to the polarity of a voltage applied between the base materials. , Using one of the two bistable states to be aligned, and combining a polarizing film in which the polarization axis is aligned with the average long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules in one of the two states. Is used to control transmitted light or reflected light.

【0005】上記素子は、基材としてガラス板を用いる
場合、セルギャップを固定した一対の導電基材間に強誘
電性液晶材料を真空注入法で注入し、全体を液晶材料の
等方相転移温度以上に加熱したのち徐冷して液晶分子を
均一に配向させ、次いで、偏光膜を基材表面に接着する
ことで製造されていた。しかし、基材として透明導電性
プラスチック基材を使用する場合には、製造時や製造後
の取り扱い時に外力等が加えられただけで、液晶分子の
双安定的な配向が簡単にくずれてしまうという問題があ
る。
In the above device, when a glass plate is used as a base material, a ferroelectric liquid crystal material is injected between a pair of conductive base materials having a fixed cell gap by a vacuum injection method, and the whole isotropic phase transition of the liquid crystal material is carried out. It was manufactured by heating above the temperature and then gradually cooling to orient the liquid crystal molecules uniformly, and then adhering the polarizing film to the surface of the substrate. However, when a transparent conductive plastic substrate is used as the substrate, the bistable orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is easily destroyed by an external force or the like being applied at the time of manufacturing or handling after manufacturing. There's a problem.

【0006】例えば製造時には、偏光膜をラミネータ等
を用いて基材表面に接着すると、その際の圧力により、
液晶分子の双安定的な配向がくずれてしまう。加熱配向
前の基材表面に偏光膜を接着しておけば上記のような問
題は生じないが、偏光膜は必ずしも耐熱性に優れたもの
ばかりではないので、高温の熱履歴を加えないのが望ま
しく、したがって偏光膜の接着は液晶分子の配向後に行
わざるを得ない。
For example, at the time of manufacturing, when the polarizing film is adhered to the surface of the substrate by using a laminator or the like, the pressure at that time causes
The bistable orientation of liquid crystal molecules is broken. If the polarizing film is adhered to the surface of the base material before the heating orientation, the above problems do not occur, but since the polarizing film is not always excellent in heat resistance, it is necessary not to add high temperature heat history. Desirably, therefore, the adhesion of the polarizing film must be performed after the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules.

【0007】本発明は以上の事情に鑑みてなされたもの
であって、外力等が加えられても液晶分子の配向が簡単
にくずれるおそれがなく、しかも、従来より視野角の広
い液晶素子を提供することを目的としている。
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a liquid crystal element in which the orientation of liquid crystal molecules is not easily broken even when an external force is applied and the viewing angle is wider than in the past. The purpose is to do.

【0008】[0008]

【課題を解決するための手段および作用】上記課題を解
決するための、本発明の液晶素子は、スメクチック相を
示す液晶材料が一対の柔軟な透明導電性プラスチック基
材で挟着され、その外側に、少なくとも一方が偏光作用
を有する一対の非可撓性透明板が、偏光作用面を内側に
して、上記透明導電性プラスチック基材と圧接されてい
るとともに、当該一対の非可撓性透明板が、素子周辺部
において互いに固定されていることを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a liquid crystal element of the present invention has a liquid crystal material exhibiting a smectic phase sandwiched between a pair of flexible transparent conductive plastic substrates, and the outside thereof. In addition, a pair of non-flexible transparent plates, at least one of which has a polarization action, are pressed against the transparent conductive plastic substrate with the polarization action surface inside, and the pair of non-flexible transparent plates. Are fixed to each other in the peripheral portion of the element.

【0009】上記構成からなる本発明の液晶素子におい
ては、透明導電性プラスチック基材の外側に積層され、
かつ素子周辺部において互いに固定された非可撓性透明
板により、一対の透明導電性プラスチック基材とその間
に挟着された液晶材料とが保護されるので、外力等が加
えられても液晶分子の配向は簡単にくずれない。また、
透明導電性プラスチック基材の外側に重ね合わされる一
対の非可撓性透明板が偏光作用を有するので、基材に偏
光膜を接着する必要がない。また上記非可撓性透明板
は、偏光膜を接着する場合と違い、透明導電性プラスチ
ック基材に外力を加えることなく重ね合わせることがで
きるので、液晶分子の配向をくずさずに液晶素子を製造
することができる。
In the liquid crystal device of the present invention having the above structure, the liquid crystal device is laminated on the outside of the transparent conductive plastic substrate,
In addition, since the pair of transparent conductive plastic substrates and the liquid crystal material sandwiched between them are protected by the non-flexible transparent plates fixed to each other in the peripheral portion of the element, the liquid crystal molecules are protected even if external force is applied. The orientation of does not easily collapse. Also,
Since the pair of non-flexible transparent plates that are superposed on the outside of the transparent conductive plastic substrate has a polarizing effect, it is not necessary to bond the polarizing film to the substrate. Further, unlike the case where the polarizing film is adhered, the above-mentioned non-flexible transparent plate can be superposed on the transparent conductive plastic substrate without applying an external force, so that a liquid crystal element can be manufactured without breaking the alignment of liquid crystal molecules. can do.

【0010】また、上記非可撓性透明板は、素子周辺部
において互いに固定されているので、偏光軸がずれるこ
とがない。またとくに非可撓性透明板を、流動性物質を
介して透明導電性プラスチック基材の外側に重ね合わせ
た場合には、両者の密着性を向上できる。さらに、上記
非可撓性透明板は、偏光作用面を内側にして透明導電性
プラスチック基材の外側に重ね合わされるので、一対の
偏光作用面間の間隔を小さく(400μm程度以下)で
き、素子の視野角が広くなるという利点もある。
Further, since the non-flexible transparent plates are fixed to each other in the peripheral portion of the element, the polarization axis does not shift. In particular, when a non-flexible transparent plate is superposed on the outside of the transparent conductive plastic substrate through a fluid substance, the adhesion between the two can be improved. Furthermore, since the non-flexible transparent plate is superposed on the outer side of the transparent conductive plastic substrate with the polarization action surface inside, the distance between the pair of polarization action surfaces can be made small (about 400 μm or less), and the element It also has the advantage of widening the viewing angle.

【0011】以下に本発明を説明する。図1(a) は本発
明の液晶素子の一例を示す分解斜視図である。この素子
は、液晶表示機能を有する液晶ユニットLと、当該液晶
ユニットLよりもサイズの大きい一対の非可撓性透明板
3,3とを備えている。非可撓性透明板3の四隅にはネ
ジ孔3aが形成されており、液晶ユニットLを一対の非
可撓性透明板3,3で挟着した後、このネジ孔3aに挿
通したビスBにナットNを螺着し締めつけることによ
り、非可撓性透明板3,3が、液晶ユニットLの透明導
電性プラスチック基材2,2と圧接されるとともに、当
該一対の非可撓性透明板3,3が、素子周辺部において
互いに固定されて、液晶素子が構成される。
The present invention will be described below. FIG. 1 (a) is an exploded perspective view showing an example of the liquid crystal element of the present invention. This element includes a liquid crystal unit L having a liquid crystal display function, and a pair of non-flexible transparent plates 3 and 3 having a size larger than the liquid crystal unit L. Screw holes 3a are formed at four corners of the non-flexible transparent plate 3, and the liquid crystal unit L is sandwiched between the pair of non-flexible transparent plates 3 and 3, and then the screw B is inserted into the screw holes 3a. The non-flexible transparent plates 3 and 3 are pressed into contact with the transparent conductive plastic substrates 2 and 2 of the liquid crystal unit L by screwing and tightening the nut N onto the pair of non-flexible transparent plates. The liquid crystal element is configured by fixing the elements 3 and 3 to each other in the peripheral portion of the element.

【0012】なお、図において符号Sは位置決め具を示
している。この位置決め具Sは、液晶ユニットLとほぼ
同厚のテープ等からなり、一方の非可撓性透明板3の表
面に貼付固定されて、液晶ユニットLの位置決めと、ビ
スBにナットNを締めつける際に、液晶ユニットLに不
要な応力が加わるのを防止するスペーサとを兼ねてい
る。
In the figure, reference symbol S indicates a positioning tool. The positioning tool S is composed of a tape or the like having almost the same thickness as the liquid crystal unit L, and is fixedly attached to the surface of one inflexible transparent plate 3 to position the liquid crystal unit L and tighten the nut N on the screw B. At this time, it also serves as a spacer for preventing unnecessary stress from being applied to the liquid crystal unit L.

【0013】液晶ユニットLは、図1(b) に示すよう
に、スメクチック相を示す液晶材料1を一対の柔軟な透
明導電性プラスチック基材2,2で挟着して構成されて
いる。また非可撓性透明板3は、図2に示すように、プ
ラスチック基板30の表面に、粘着剤または接着剤の層
31を介して偏光膜32を積層接着することで構成され
ている。そしてこの非可撓性透明板3は、図にみるよう
に、偏光膜32を内側にして、上記透明導電性プラスチ
ック基材2と圧接されている。なお図の場合、偏光膜3
2と透明導電性プラスチック基材2との間には、両者の
密着性を向上させるべく、流動性物質4を介在させてい
る。
As shown in FIG. 1 (b), the liquid crystal unit L is constituted by sandwiching a liquid crystal material 1 exhibiting a smectic phase between a pair of flexible transparent conductive plastic substrates 2 and 2. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the non-flexible transparent plate 3 is formed by laminating and adhering a polarizing film 32 on the surface of a plastic substrate 30 with a layer 31 of an adhesive or an adhesive. As shown in the figure, the inflexible transparent plate 3 is pressed against the transparent conductive plastic substrate 2 with the polarizing film 32 inside. In the case of the drawing, the polarizing film 3
A fluid substance 4 is interposed between the transparent conductive plastic base material 2 and the transparent conductive plastic base material 2 in order to improve the adhesion therebetween.

【0014】偏光膜32の偏光軸は、従来同様に、一対
の非可撓性透明板3,3間で互いに直交または平行にな
る必要があり、図の素子においては、ネジ孔3aにビス
Bを挿通した際に、一対の非可撓性透明板3,3の偏光
膜32,32の偏光軸が、所定の角度になるように、偏
光膜32の方向と、ネジ孔3aの位置が決められてい
る。
The polarization axis of the polarizing film 32 needs to be orthogonal or parallel to each other between the pair of inflexible transparent plates 3 and 3 as in the conventional case. In the element shown in the drawing, the screw B is provided in the screw hole 3a. The direction of the polarizing film 32 and the position of the screw hole 3a are determined so that the polarizing axes of the polarizing films 32, 32 of the pair of non-flexible transparent plates 3, 3 have a predetermined angle when they are inserted. Has been.

【0015】上記図2は、裏面に配置したバックライト
からの光を調光する透過型の液晶素子を示しており、途
中に設けた反射膜で反射した光を調光する反射型の液晶
素子の場合には、図3に示すように、一対の非可撓性透
明板3のうちの一方の、偏光膜32の裏側に反射膜32
aを形成したものを使用すればよい。一対の非可撓性透
明板3,3を互いに固定する方法としては、上記ネジ孔
3aとビスBとナットNによる方法の他、図4に示すよ
うに、断面略コ字型のクリップ様の金具Kを使う方法
や、図5に示すように、粘着テープTを使う方法も可能
である。図5の場合、粘着テープTは、一方の非可撓性
透明板3の表面の、液晶ユニットLが配置される部分を
除く部分に貼着されることで、前記位置決め具Sの働き
をも兼ねている。なお、この粘着テープTの厚みは、液
晶ユニットLより薄い方が、押さえがよく効くので好ま
しい。粘着テープTに代えて、粘着剤や接着剤を使用す
ることもできるが、その場合には、液晶ユニットLに不
要な応力が加わるのを防止すべく、粘着テープTの厚み
に相当するスペーサを挟むのが好ましい。
FIG. 2 shows a transmissive liquid crystal element for dimming the light from the backlight arranged on the back surface, and a reflective liquid crystal element for dimming the light reflected by a reflecting film provided on the way. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, one of the pair of inflexible transparent plates 3 is provided with the reflective film 32 on the back side of the polarizing film 32.
What formed a is used. As a method of fixing the pair of non-flexible transparent plates 3 and 3 to each other, in addition to the method of using the screw hole 3a, the screw B and the nut N, as shown in FIG. A method of using the metal fitting K or a method of using the adhesive tape T as shown in FIG. 5 is also possible. In the case of FIG. 5, the adhesive tape T also functions as the positioning tool S by being attached to the surface of one of the inflexible transparent plates 3 excluding the portion where the liquid crystal unit L is arranged. Also serves as. In addition, it is preferable that the thickness of the adhesive tape T is thinner than that of the liquid crystal unit L because the pressing is good. An adhesive or an adhesive may be used instead of the adhesive tape T. In that case, in order to prevent unnecessary stress from being applied to the liquid crystal unit L, a spacer corresponding to the thickness of the adhesive tape T is used. It is preferable to sandwich it.

【0016】なお、上記金具Kや粘着テープTを使う固
定方法では、一対の非可撓性透明板3,3の偏光膜3
2,32の偏光軸を所定の角度に固定するための手段が
別に必要である。そのような手段としては、一方の非可
撓性透明板3の表面に形成した突起と、他方の非可撓性
透明板3に形成した、上記突起と係合する凹部または貫
通孔との組み合わせ等があげられる。
In the fixing method using the metal fitting K and the adhesive tape T, the polarizing film 3 of the pair of non-flexible transparent plates 3 and 3 is used.
A separate means for fixing the 2, 32 polarization axes at a predetermined angle is required. As such means, a combination of a protrusion formed on the surface of one inflexible transparent plate 3 and a recess or through hole formed on the other inflexible transparent plate 3 that engages with the protrusion is used. Etc.

【0017】なお上記非可撓性透明板3としては、それ
自身が偏光作用を有するプラスチック板(例えば硬質の
偏光膜それ自身)を使用することもできる。また図の場
合、両方の非可撓性透明板3,3がともに偏光膜32を
備えているが、後述するG−H(ゲスト−ホスト)型の
素子では片方のみが偏光作用を有していればよい。つま
り、一対の非可撓性透明板3,3のうちの一方には、偏
光膜32を備えるかまたはそれ自身が偏光作用を有する
プラスチック板が使用されるが、他方には普通のプラス
チック板を用いることができる。
As the non-flexible transparent plate 3, it is also possible to use a plastic plate (for example, a hard polarizing film itself) which itself has a polarizing effect. Further, in the case of both figures, both of the non-flexible transparent plates 3 and 3 are provided with the polarizing film 32, but in the GH (guest-host) type element described later, only one has a polarizing effect. Just do it. That is, one of the pair of non-flexible transparent plates 3 and 3 is a plastic plate having the polarizing film 32 or having a polarizing effect by itself, while the other is a normal plastic plate. Can be used.

【0018】液晶材料1としては、SmA、SmC、S
mC* 等のスメクチック相を示す液晶材料が使用され
る。これらスメクチック相を示す液晶材料は何れも、ネ
マチック相やコレステリック相を示す液晶材料に比べて
流動性が少ないので、透明導電性プラスチック基材と組
み合わせた際にも配向の安定性が高く、実用的である。
とくにSmC* 相を示す強誘電性液晶材料は、前述のよ
うに高画素数、高表示容量が可能で、かつ動画表示が可
能な高速応答を達成できるため、本発明に好適に用いら
れる。
As the liquid crystal material 1, SmA, SmC, S
A liquid crystal material exhibiting a smectic phase such as mC * is used. Since all of these liquid crystal materials exhibiting a smectic phase have less fluidity than liquid crystal materials exhibiting a nematic phase or a cholesteric phase, the stability of alignment is high even when combined with a transparent conductive plastic substrate, and practical Is.
In particular, the ferroelectric liquid crystal material exhibiting the SmC * phase can be suitably used in the present invention because it can achieve a high pixel count, a high display capacity, and a high-speed response capable of displaying moving images as described above.

【0019】強誘電性液晶材料としては、市販の単成分
または複数成分のもの、低分子または高分子のものが、
何れも好ましく使用されるが、側鎖型、主鎖型等の各種
高分子液晶、強誘電性高分子液晶を補助成分として混合
させる等、他の液晶成分をブレンドすることで、性能を
調整したものでも良い。また、特性の調整のために各種
添加剤、非液晶性化合物、非液晶性高分子等を混合した
ものでも良い。素子をG−H(ゲスト−ホスト)型とす
るときは、強誘電性液晶材料に二色性色素が配合され
る。
Ferroelectric liquid crystal materials include commercially available single-component or multiple-component, low-molecular or high-molecular compounds.
Both are preferably used, but the performance is adjusted by blending other liquid crystal components, such as mixing various polymer liquid crystals of side chain type, main chain type, and ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal as an auxiliary component. Anything is fine. Further, a mixture of various additives, a non-liquid crystal compound, a non-liquid crystal polymer or the like may be used to adjust the characteristics. When the device is of the GH (guest-host) type, a dichroic dye is blended with the ferroelectric liquid crystal material.

【0020】強誘電性液晶材料には、透明導電性プラス
チック基材の間隔を一定に保つために粒状またはロッド
状のスペーサが混入される。スペーサとしては、シリカ
製、ガラスファイバー製または樹脂製の何れを使用して
もよく、その粒径は、所望の電極間隙に応じて選ぶこと
ができる。混合割合は、液晶面積1mm2 当たり10〜
200個程度であればよい。強誘電性液晶材料は、比較
的粘度の高いクリーム状のSmC* 相を示し、液晶の流
動によってスペーサの分布が局在化することがないの
で、スペーサを液晶中に均一に分散させれば、透明導電
性プラスチック基材の間隔を一定に保つことができる。
Granular or rod-shaped spacers are mixed in the ferroelectric liquid crystal material in order to keep the distance between the transparent conductive plastic substrates constant. The spacer may be made of silica, glass fiber or resin, and its particle size can be selected according to the desired electrode gap. The mixing ratio is 10 to 10 mm 2 of liquid crystal area.
It may be about 200 pieces. The ferroelectric liquid crystal material exhibits a creamy SmC * phase having a relatively high viscosity, and the distribution of the spacers is not localized by the flow of the liquid crystal. Therefore, if the spacers are uniformly dispersed in the liquid crystal, The distance between the transparent conductive plastic substrates can be kept constant.

【0021】透明導電性プラスチック基材2としては、
柔軟な透明プラスチック基材の表面に、真空蒸着法、ス
パッタリング法または塗布法によってITO(インジウ
ムチンオキサイド)やSnO2 等の透明導電層を形成した
ものが好適に使用される。単純マトリクス駆動等の素子
の場合、上記透明導電層には、エッチング等により所定
のパターンが形成される。
As the transparent conductive plastic substrate 2,
A flexible transparent plastic substrate on which a transparent conductive layer such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or SnO 2 is formed by a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method or a coating method is preferably used. In the case of an element for simple matrix driving or the like, a predetermined pattern is formed on the transparent conductive layer by etching or the like.

【0022】透明プラスチック基材としては、プラスチ
ックフィルムが好適に使用される。プラスチックフィル
ムとしては、耐熱性、実用的強度、光学的均一性などに
優れ、かつ偏光板と組み合わせた際に複屈折による着色
の起こらないポリエーテルスルフォン(PES)フィル
ム等の非晶質のプラスチックフィルムが好適に使用され
る。プラスチックフィルムの厚みは50〜200μm程
度が好ましく、75〜125μm程度がより好ましい。
A plastic film is preferably used as the transparent plastic substrate. As a plastic film, an amorphous plastic film such as a polyether sulfone (PES) film that has excellent heat resistance, practical strength, optical uniformity, etc. and does not cause coloring due to birefringence when combined with a polarizing plate. Is preferably used. The thickness of the plastic film is preferably about 50 to 200 μm, more preferably about 75 to 125 μm.

【0023】液晶材料1として前記強誘電性液晶材料を
使用する場合には、前述のように熱処理によって液晶分
子を双安定的に配向させるため、透明導電性プラスチッ
ク基材2の導電面に配向処理を施す必要がある。導電面
の配向処理方法としては、 導電面にSiO等を斜方蒸着する方法、 導電面に高分子膜(液晶配向膜)を形成し、その表
面を1方向にラビングする方法、 導電面に、1方向に延伸した高分子フィルムを貼付
する方法、等があるが、とくにの液晶配向膜を形成し
てその表面を1方向にラビングする方法が好適に採用さ
れる。
When the ferroelectric liquid crystal material is used as the liquid crystal material 1, in order to align the liquid crystal molecules bistable by the heat treatment as described above, the conductive surface of the transparent conductive plastic substrate 2 is aligned. Need to be applied. As a method for aligning the conductive surface, a method of obliquely depositing SiO or the like on the conductive surface, a method of forming a polymer film (liquid crystal alignment film) on the conductive surface and rubbing the surface in one direction, a conductive surface There is a method of sticking a polymer film stretched in one direction, and the like. Particularly, a method of forming a liquid crystal alignment film and rubbing the surface in one direction is preferably adopted.

【0024】液晶配向膜としては、耐熱性、安定性、他
の液晶表示方式での使用実績などから、ポリイミド系の
高分子やその誘導体、あるいはその共重合体が好適に使
用されるが、強誘電性液晶材料との相性等を考慮して、
ポリビニルアルコール等の他の高分子を使用することも
できる。また、素子の特性等を考慮すると、液晶配向膜
を形成する高分子材料は、着色が少なく透明性に優れ、
しかも電圧降下を少なくするために高誘電率であること
が望ましい。
As the liquid crystal alignment film, a polyimide-based polymer or its derivative or its copolymer is preferably used because of its heat resistance, stability, and record of use in other liquid crystal display systems. Considering compatibility with dielectric liquid crystal material,
Other polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol can also be used. Also, considering the characteristics of the device, the polymer material forming the liquid crystal alignment film is less colored and excellent in transparency,
In addition, a high dielectric constant is desirable to reduce the voltage drop.

【0025】上記液晶配向膜は、高分子材料を適当な溶
媒に溶解または分散させた塗布液を塗布または印刷して
溶媒を乾燥除去するか、または高分子材料の硬化性のプ
レポリマー(オリゴマー、モノマー)を適当な溶媒に溶
解または分散させた塗布液を塗布または印刷して、溶媒
を乾燥除去するとともにプレポリマーを硬化させること
で形成される。
The above-mentioned liquid crystal alignment film is formed by coating or printing a coating solution in which a polymer material is dissolved or dispersed in an appropriate solvent to dry and remove the solvent, or a curable prepolymer (oligomer, It is formed by coating or printing a coating solution in which a monomer) is dissolved or dispersed in an appropriate solvent, drying and removing the solvent, and curing the prepolymer.

【0026】塗布液の塗布には、バーコート法、スピン
コート法、スプレーコート法等の通常の塗布方法を採用
できる他、スクリーン印刷法やオフセット印刷法等の種
々の印刷方法を採用することもできる。液晶配向膜の膜
厚はとくに限定されないが、20Å〜0.5μm程度が
よい。また形成された液晶配向膜のラビングには、従来
同様に、適当な布地を使用すればよい。
For coating the coating liquid, a usual coating method such as a bar coating method, a spin coating method and a spray coating method can be adopted, and various printing methods such as a screen printing method and an offset printing method can also be adopted. it can. The thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 20Å to 0.5 μm. For rubbing the formed liquid crystal alignment film, an appropriate cloth may be used as in the conventional case.

【0027】液晶分子を双安定的に配向させるには、従
来と同様に、導電面を配向処理した一対の透明導電性プ
ラスチック基材2,2で強誘電性液晶材料を挟着し、全
体を強誘電性液晶材料の等方相転移温度以上に加熱した
のち徐冷すればよい。非可撓性透明板3を構成するプラ
スチック基板30は、透明導電性プラスチック基材2,
2間に挟着された配向状態の液晶材料1を外力から保護
するために硬質で、しかも可視域で透明なものが好まし
く、とくにアクリル板、ポリカーボネート板、塩化ビニ
ル板等が好適に使用される。また、液晶材料1および透
明導電性プラスチック基材2を紫外光から守るため、上
記プラスチック基板30は、紫外域に十分な吸収能のあ
るものが実用上好ましく使用される。
In order to bistablely align the liquid crystal molecules, a ferroelectric liquid crystal material is sandwiched between a pair of transparent conductive plastic substrates 2 and 2 whose conductive surfaces are oriented, as in the conventional case, and the whole is laid. After heating to above the isotropic phase transition temperature of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material, it may be gradually cooled. The plastic substrate 30 forming the inflexible transparent plate 3 is a transparent conductive plastic base material 2.
In order to protect the liquid crystal material 1 in an aligned state sandwiched between the two from external force, it is preferable that it is hard and transparent in the visible range, and acrylic plate, polycarbonate plate, vinyl chloride plate, etc. are particularly preferably used. . Further, in order to protect the liquid crystal material 1 and the transparent conductive plastic substrate 2 from ultraviolet light, it is preferable that the plastic substrate 30 has a sufficient absorption ability in the ultraviolet region for practical use.

【0028】偏光膜32としては市販のものが使用で
き、とくに片面に粘着剤等の層31を形成したものが、
プラスチック基板30への固着が実用的に軽便であり、
好ましく使用される。また図3に示す反射型の素子の場
合、片方の非可撓性透明板3の偏光膜32として、裏面
に金属薄膜等の反射膜32aを形成したものを使用する
のが、やはり実用的に軽便であり、好ましい。
As the polarizing film 32, a commercially available one can be used, and in particular, one having a layer 31 of an adhesive or the like formed on one surface is
The adhesion to the plastic substrate 30 is convenient and practical,
Preferably used. Further, in the case of the reflection type element shown in FIG. 3, it is practically practical to use the one having the reflection film 32a such as a metal thin film formed on the back surface as the polarization film 32 of the one inflexible transparent plate 3. It is light and convenient.

【0029】非可撓性透明板3の、偏光膜32が接着さ
れた側と反対側の表面には、複屈折による素子の着色を
防止するため、さらに必要に応じて位相差調整フィルム
等を積層してもよい。流動性物質4としては、素子の光
学的特性を損なわないようにするため、透明でかつ透明
導電性プラスチック基材2や偏光膜32の屈折率と近い
屈折率を有するものが好ましい。具体的にはシリコーン
オイル等があげられるが、これに限定されるものではな
い。
On the surface of the non-flexible transparent plate 3 opposite to the side to which the polarizing film 32 is adhered, a phase difference adjusting film or the like is further provided as necessary in order to prevent coloring of the element due to birefringence. You may laminate. The fluid substance 4 is preferably transparent and has a refractive index close to that of the transparent conductive plastic substrate 2 or the polarizing film 32 so as not to impair the optical characteristics of the device. Specific examples thereof include silicone oil and the like, but the invention is not limited thereto.

【0030】上記流動性物質4は、透明導電性プラスチ
ック基材2の外側に非可撓性透明板3を重ね合わせる際
にごく少量を介在させると、図2,図3に示すように薄
い膜となって両者の隙間を埋め、その密着性を向上させ
る。但し本発明においては、流動性物質を使用せずに、
両者を重ね合わせてもよい。本発明の液晶素子の層構成
は、以上で説明した図の例に限定されるものではない。
例えば前述のように、非可撓性透明板3はそれ自身が偏
光作用を有するものでもよい。また、一対の非可撓性透
明板3,3は、素子のタイプによっては、片方のみ偏光
作用を有していてもよい。反射型の素子の場合、反射膜
32aは、偏光膜32でなく、プラスチック基板30等
の他の部材の表面に形成されていてもよい。その他、本
発明の要旨を変更しない範囲で種々の設計変更を施すこ
とができる。
The flowable substance 4 is a thin film as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 when a very small amount is interposed when the inflexible transparent plate 3 is superposed on the outside of the transparent conductive plastic substrate 2. And fills the gap between the two, improving its adhesion. However, in the present invention, without using a fluid substance,
You may superimpose both. The layer structure of the liquid crystal element of the present invention is not limited to the examples of the figures described above.
For example, as described above, the non-flexible transparent plate 3 may itself have a polarizing effect. Further, depending on the type of element, only one of the pair of inflexible transparent plates 3 and 3 may have a polarizing effect. In the case of a reflective element, the reflective film 32a may be formed on the surface of another member such as the plastic substrate 30 instead of the polarizing film 32. In addition, various design changes can be made without changing the gist of the present invention.

【0031】[0031]

【実施例】以下に本発明を、実施例に基づいて説明す
る。実施例 PESフィルムの表面にITO膜が形成された透明導電
フィルム(住友ベークライト社製、厚さ100μm)の
導電面に液晶配向材(日産化学社製の品番RN305)
を塗布、焼付けして高分子膜(液晶配向膜)を形成し、
その表面を1方向にラビングして配向処理を行った。
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below based on examples. Example A transparent conductive film (Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., thickness: 100 μm) having an ITO film formed on the surface of a PES film has a liquid crystal alignment material (Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd., product number RN305) on the conductive surface.
Is applied and baked to form a polymer film (liquid crystal alignment film),
The surface was rubbed in one direction for orientation treatment.

【0032】つぎに上記透明導電フィルム2枚の間に、
強誘電性液晶材料(メルクジャパン社製の品番ZLI3
654)と粒径2μmのシリカ製スペーサとの混合物を
挟着し、液晶の等方相転移温度以上に加熱した後、徐徐
に冷却して液晶を配向させて液晶ユニットを形成した。
一方、透明アクリル板(180mm×145mm、厚さ2m
m)の中心部155mm×120mmの領域に、粘着剤付き
の偏光膜(日東電工社製の品番NPF−G1220D
U)をラミネータを用いて粘着固定して、一対の非可撓
性透明板を作製した。なお、上記一対の非可撓性透明板
は、強誘電性液晶材料を挟着した2枚の透明導電フィル
ムの外面に重ね合わせた際に、偏光膜の偏光軸が互いに
直交するように偏光膜の貼付方向を調整し、位置合わせ
と固定のためのビスが挿通されるネジ孔を四隅に形成し
た。
Next, between the two transparent conductive films,
Ferroelectric liquid crystal material (Merck Japan Ltd. product number ZLI3
654) and a silica spacer having a particle size of 2 μm were sandwiched and heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the isotropic phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal, and then gradually cooled to orient the liquid crystal to form a liquid crystal unit.
On the other hand, transparent acrylic plate (180mm x 145mm, thickness 2m
m) in the central area of 155 mm x 120 mm, a polarizing film with an adhesive (product number NPF-G1220D manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation)
U) was adhesively fixed using a laminator to prepare a pair of non-flexible transparent plates. The pair of non-flexible transparent plates are polarizing films such that the polarizing axes of the polarizing films are orthogonal to each other when they are superposed on the outer surfaces of two transparent conductive films sandwiching a ferroelectric liquid crystal material. The attachment direction of was adjusted and screw holes were formed at the four corners through which screws for positioning and fixing were inserted.

【0033】つぎに、強誘電性液晶材料を挟着した2枚
の透明導電フィルムの外面に少量のシリコーンオイル
(信越化学社製の品番KF96、粘度5cs)を塗布し
た後、図1(a) に示すように、上記一対の非可撓性透明
板3,3を、所定の方向を向けて液晶ユニットLの外面
に圧接させるとともに、四隅のネジ孔3aに挿通したビ
スBとナットNによって互いに固定して液晶素子を作製
した。
Next, a small amount of silicone oil (product number KF96 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., viscosity 5 cs) was applied to the outer surfaces of the two transparent conductive films sandwiching the ferroelectric liquid crystal material, and then, as shown in FIG. 1 (a). As shown in FIG. 3, the pair of inflexible transparent plates 3 and 3 are pressed against the outer surface of the liquid crystal unit L in a predetermined direction, and the screws B and the nuts N inserted into the screw holes 3a at the four corners are used to separate them from each other. A liquid crystal device was manufactured by fixing.

【0034】上記液晶素子の2枚の透明導電フィルム間
に30Hz、30Vの矩形波電圧を印加したところ、黒
⇔透明の変化が確認された。また2枚の透明導電フィル
ム間に1ms、±30VのDCパルスを印加したとこ
ろ、良好な応答性(コントラスト)とメモリー性が確認
された。また、上記液晶素子の中心部に1kgの錘を載せ
て1時間放置した後、上記と同様に2枚の透明導電フィ
ルム間に30Hz、30Vの矩形波電圧を印加したとこ
ろ、黒⇔透明の変化が確認された。また2枚の透明導電
フィルム間に1ms、±30VのDCパルスを印加した
ところ、良好な応答性(コントラスト)とメモリー性が
確認された。このことから、実施例の素子は、押圧を受
けても液晶の配向に変化のないことが確認された。
When a rectangular wave voltage of 30 Hz and 30 V was applied between the two transparent conductive films of the above liquid crystal element, a change between black and transparent was confirmed. When a DC pulse of ± 30 V for 1 ms was applied between the two transparent conductive films, good responsiveness (contrast) and memory property were confirmed. In addition, when a 1 kg weight was placed on the center of the liquid crystal element and left for 1 hour, and then a rectangular wave voltage of 30 Hz and 30 V was applied between the two transparent conductive films in the same manner as above, the change between black and transparent was observed. Was confirmed. When a DC pulse of ± 30 V for 1 ms was applied between the two transparent conductive films, good responsiveness (contrast) and memory property were confirmed. From this, it was confirmed that the element of the example did not change the orientation of the liquid crystal even when it was pressed.

【0035】[0035]

【発明の効果】本発明によれば、外側に積層された非可
撓性透明板の保護作用により、外力等が加えられても液
晶分子の配向が簡単にくずれず、また当該非可撓性透明
板の偏光作用面を内側にして積層したことにより、広い
視野角を有する液晶素子が得られる。
According to the present invention, the protective action of the non-flexible transparent plate laminated on the outside prevents the alignment of liquid crystal molecules from being easily collapsed even when external force is applied, A liquid crystal element having a wide viewing angle can be obtained by stacking the transparent plates with the polarization action surface inside.

【0036】したがって本発明によれば、ガラス等を用
いず全てプラスチック材料により、高画素数、高表示容
量でかつ動画表示を行い得る高速応答性および視野角の
広い表示素子を実用化することが可能となる。本発明の
構成は、表示素子だけでなく光スイッチその他の光学変
調素子にも採用できる。
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to put into practical use a display element having a high number of pixels, a high display capacity, a high-speed response and a wide viewing angle, which is capable of displaying a moving image and is made of a plastic material without using glass or the like. It will be possible. The configuration of the present invention can be applied not only to the display element but also to an optical switch and other optical modulation elements.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】同図(a) は本発明の液晶素子の一例を示す分解
斜視図、同図(b) は上記素子に使用される液晶ユニット
の層構成を示す断面図である。
FIG. 1A is an exploded perspective view showing an example of a liquid crystal element of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a sectional view showing a layer structure of a liquid crystal unit used in the element.

【図2】図1の液晶素子の層構成を示す断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a layer structure of the liquid crystal element of FIG.

【図3】液晶素子の層構成の他の例を示す断面図であ
る。
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the layer structure of the liquid crystal element.

【図4】本発明の液晶素子の他の例を示す斜視図であ
る。
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another example of the liquid crystal element of the present invention.

【図5】本発明の液晶素子のさらに他の例を示す分解斜
視図である。
FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing still another example of the liquid crystal element of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 液晶材料 2 透明導電性プラスチック基材 3 非可撓性透明板 1 Liquid crystal material 2 Transparent conductive plastic substrate 3 Inflexible transparent plate

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】スメクチック相を示す液晶材料が一対の柔
軟な透明導電性プラスチック基材で挟着され、その外側
に、少なくとも一方が偏光作用を有する一対の非可撓性
透明板が、偏光作用面を内側にして、上記透明導電性プ
ラスチック基材と圧接されているとともに、当該一対の
非可撓性透明板が、素子周辺部において互いに固定され
ていることを特徴とする液晶素子。
1. A liquid crystal material exhibiting a smectic phase is sandwiched between a pair of flexible transparent conductive plastic substrates, and a pair of non-flexible transparent plates, at least one of which has a polarizing action, are provided on the outside thereof. A liquid crystal device, wherein the pair of non-flexible transparent plates are fixed to each other in the peripheral portion of the device while being pressed against the transparent conductive plastic substrate with the surface inside.
JP4194216A 1992-07-21 1992-07-21 Liquid crystal element and its production Pending JPH0634958A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4194216A JPH0634958A (en) 1992-07-21 1992-07-21 Liquid crystal element and its production

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4194216A JPH0634958A (en) 1992-07-21 1992-07-21 Liquid crystal element and its production

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0634958A true JPH0634958A (en) 1994-02-10

Family

ID=16320890

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP4194216A Pending JPH0634958A (en) 1992-07-21 1992-07-21 Liquid crystal element and its production

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0634958A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5523122A (en) * 1993-01-14 1996-06-04 Fuji Electrochemical Co., Ltd. Intermittent coating process and an apparatus therefor with adjustment of spacing between coating roll and adjuster
US5582868A (en) * 1994-02-28 1996-12-10 Fuji Electrochemical Co., Ltd. Process and apparatus for interment coating of a sheet without wrinkling thereof
US6538709B1 (en) * 1998-02-17 2003-03-25 International Business Machines Corporation LCD panel including plurality of display panel parts wrapped around by a thin plastic film envelope with an opening

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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