JPH06346111A - Sliding material and its production - Google Patents
Sliding material and its productionInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06346111A JPH06346111A JP14374993A JP14374993A JPH06346111A JP H06346111 A JPH06346111 A JP H06346111A JP 14374993 A JP14374993 A JP 14374993A JP 14374993 A JP14374993 A JP 14374993A JP H06346111 A JPH06346111 A JP H06346111A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- sintered
- plating
- sliding
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、摺動材料及びその製造
方法に関するものであり、さらに詳しく述べるならば、
裏金上に銅系粉末の焼結層を形成し、焼結層に樹脂を含
浸する摺動材料とその製造方法に関するものである。か
かる焼結層に樹脂を含浸したバイメタル構造の摺動材料
は主として自動車のマニュアルトランスミッションやオ
ートマティックトランスミッションの軸受に使用されて
いる。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sliding material and a manufacturing method thereof, and more specifically,
The present invention relates to a sliding material in which a sintered layer of copper-based powder is formed on a back metal, and the sintered layer is impregnated with a resin, and a method for manufacturing the sliding material. Such a sliding material having a bimetal structure in which a resin is impregnated in a sintered layer is mainly used for bearings of automobile manual transmissions and automatic transmissions.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】かかる摺動材料は、例えば特公昭５３−
３６８５６号、特公昭６３−３７４４５号、特開昭５５
−１０６２３０号、米国特許４２０８４２７号、４６６
６７８７号、５０２４８８２号、欧州特許０４４５７７
号などに摺動層の組成、製造方法などが記載されてい
る。2. Description of the Related Art Such sliding materials are disclosed, for example, in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No.
36856, JP-B-63-37445, JP-A-55.
-106230, U.S. Pat. No. 4,208,427, 466.
6787, 5024882, European Patent 044577
The composition of the sliding layer, the manufacturing method, etc.
【０００３】図２は、ブシュに加工された摺動材料の模
式図であり、図中１は裏金、２は樹脂と鉛青銅などを複
合した摺動層、３はＳｎ又はＺｎめっき層、９は樹脂で
ある。このめっき層３は腐食防止及び外観特性の向上を
目的として設けたものである。また摺動層２の部分拡大
図（図３）に示すように、このめっき層３は樹脂２には
付着しないが鉛青銅粒子４に付着している。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sliding material processed into a bush. In the figure, 1 is a back metal, 2 is a sliding layer which is a composite of resin and lead bronze, 3 is a Sn or Zn plated layer, and 9 is a Is a resin. The plating layer 3 is provided for the purpose of preventing corrosion and improving appearance characteristics. Further, as shown in a partially enlarged view of the sliding layer 2 (FIG. 3), the plating layer 3 does not adhere to the resin 2 but adheres to the lead bronze particles 4.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記したブシュをトラ
ンスミッションで使用すると、ギアオイルにより鉛青銅
が腐食して、鉛青銅粒子４と樹脂層２の境界に隙間が形
成され、この隙間から樹脂層内部にギアオイルが侵入し
て摺動層の組織を粗くし、表面を膨らせる結果軸受性能
が劣化する。When the bush described above is used in a transmission, the lead bronze is corroded by the gear oil, and a gap is formed at the boundary between the lead bronze particles 4 and the resin layer 2. From this gap, inside the resin layer. Gear oil penetrates to roughen the structure of the sliding layer and swell the surface, resulting in deterioration of bearing performance.
【０００５】したがって本発明はギアオイルなどの腐食
性潤滑オイルに対する耐食性が改善された焼結層に樹脂
を含浸したバイメタル構造の摺動材料ならびにその製造
方法を提供することを目的とする。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a sliding material having a bimetal structure in which a resin is impregnated into a sintered layer having an improved corrosion resistance to a corrosive lubricating oil such as gear oil, and a method for producing the same.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明に係る摺動材料
は、裏金上に銅系粉末の焼結層が形成され、焼結層の焼
結金属粒子の間隙に樹脂が含浸された摺動材料におい
て、前記金属粒子が、少なくとも摺動面側において、そ
の表面部のＺｎもしくはＳｎからなる又はこれらの金属
を主成分とする層と内部の銅系材料とからなることを特
徴とする。また、上記した摺動材料を製造する方法は、
裏金上に銅系粉末の焼結層を形成し、焼結層に樹脂を含
浸する摺動材料の製造方法において、焼結後にＺｎ金属
又はＺｎ系合金あるいはＳｎ金属又はＳｎ系合金のめっ
きを施し、その後前記樹脂の含浸を行うことを特徴とす
るものである。A sliding material according to the present invention is a sliding material in which a sintered layer of copper-based powder is formed on a backing metal, and a resin is impregnated in the gap between the sintered metal particles of the sintered layer. In the material, the metal particles are characterized in that, at least on the sliding surface side, the surface part thereof is made of Zn or Sn, or is made of a layer containing these metals as a main component and an internal copper-based material. In addition, the method for producing the above sliding material,
In a method for producing a sliding material in which a sintered layer of copper-based powder is formed on a back metal and a resin is impregnated in the sintered layer, Zn metal or Zn-based alloy, Sn metal or Sn-based alloy is plated after sintering. After that, the resin is impregnated with the resin.
【０００７】以下本発明の構成を説明する。銅系粉末と
しては、純銅、青銅、鉛青銅、りん青銅などの公知の銅
系材料を使用することができる。また樹脂層の樹脂とし
ては、ポリテトラフロオロエチレンなどのフッ素樹脂、
フェノール樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂などの摺動材料として
使用されている公知の樹脂を使用することができる。The structure of the present invention will be described below. As the copper-based powder, known copper-based materials such as pure copper, bronze, lead bronze and phosphor bronze can be used. Further, as the resin of the resin layer, a fluororesin such as polytetrafluoroethylene,
Known resins used as sliding materials such as phenol resin and polyimide resin can be used.
【０００８】本発明が特徴とする焼結金属粒子の表面に
設けたＳｎ又はＺｎはオイルに対する耐食性が優れてお
り、オイルに対する耐食性が劣る銅、特に鉛青銅を被覆
してその腐食を防止する。The Sn or Zn provided on the surface of the sintered metal particles, which is a feature of the present invention, has excellent corrosion resistance to oil and coats copper having a poor corrosion resistance to oil, particularly lead bronze, to prevent the corrosion.
【０００９】図１の（ａ）には焼結金属粒子４が１層で
ある場合の摺動層の構造を模式的に示す。焼結金属粒子
４の表面側はＳｎ，Ｚｎ又はこれら合金からなるＳｎ／
Ｚｎ表面層６となっている。図１の（ｂ）には焼結金属
粒子４が２層である場合の摺動層の構造を模式的に示
す。上層の焼結金属粒子４の表面側はＳｎ／Ｚｎ表面層
６となっている。また下層の焼結金属も一部はＳｎ／Ｚ
ｎ表面層６となっている。この表面層は相手材と直接摺
動しないが、ブシュの製造工程で素材が例えば（ｃ）−
（ｃ）で切断されると図１の（ｃ）に示すように断面に
現れ焼結金属の腐食を緩和するので、ある程度は耐食性
向上に寄与する。FIG. 1 (a) schematically shows the structure of the sliding layer when the sintered metal particles 4 are one layer. The surface side of the sintered metal particles 4 is Sn / Zn made of Sn, Zn, or an alloy of these.
It is the Zn surface layer 6. FIG. 1B schematically shows the structure of the sliding layer when the sintered metal particles 4 are two layers. The surface side of the upper sintered metal particles 4 is a Sn / Zn surface layer 6. Also, some of the lower layer sintered metal is Sn / Z
n surface layer 6. This surface layer does not slide directly with the mating material, but the material is, for example, (c) -in the bush manufacturing process.
When cut at (c), it appears in the cross section as shown in (c) of FIG. 1 and alleviates the corrosion of the sintered metal, thus contributing to the improvement of corrosion resistance to some extent.
【００１０】上記したＳｎ／Ｚｎ層６は通常の方法で銅
系粉末を裏金上に焼結した後にＳｎ，Ｚｎあるいはこれ
らの成分を主成分とするめっきを行うことにより形成す
ることができる。めっき層の形成後樹脂の含浸を行い、
ブシュなどの製品形状に加工する。このＳｎ／Ｚｎ層６
は樹脂含浸の隙間を残すような薄い厚さで形成すること
が必要であり、そのための好ましいめっき厚さは５〜１
０μｍである。また、Ｓｎ／Ｚｎ層６はこれらの元素を
主成分とし、必要によりＣｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｎｉ，Ｂｉ，Ｓｂ
などを含有したものであってもよい。The above-mentioned Sn / Zn layer 6 can be formed by sintering a copper-based powder on a backing metal by a usual method and then performing plating containing Sn, Zn or these components as a main component. After forming the plating layer, impregnate the resin,
Process into product shapes such as bushes. This Sn / Zn layer 6
Is required to be formed so as to leave a gap for resin impregnation, and a preferable plating thickness for this is 5 to 1
It is 0 μm. The Sn / Zn layer 6 contains these elements as main components, and if necessary Cu, Pb, Ni, Bi, Sb
Etc. may be contained.
【００１１】ブシュ形状に加工するために素材を切断す
ると焼結粉末粒子が切断され、めっき層で包囲された
核、すなわち銅系材料が露出しオイルとの反応による腐
食が起こる。かかるブシュは切断部の耐食性は摺動面側
に比較して不良であるので、この対策としてめっき後に
熱拡散処理を行うことにより図１の（ｄ）に示すように
拡散層７を形成することが好ましい。拡散は樹脂の焼成
と同時に行うと、工程数が減らせるためその温度である
４００℃前後が好ましい。なお拡散を行うとめっきによ
り表面に形成されたＺｎ／Ｓｎ層６は極めて薄い層にな
るが、拡散後Ｓｎ／Ｚｎ層６は耐硫黄腐食の面からは少
なくとも０．５μｍ程度は残すことが好ましい。When the material is cut to form a bush shape, the sintered powder particles are cut, and the core surrounded by the plating layer, that is, the copper-based material is exposed and corrosion due to reaction with oil occurs. Since such a bush has poorer corrosion resistance than the sliding surface side at the cut portion, as a countermeasure against this, a diffusion layer 7 is formed as shown in FIG. 1D by performing a thermal diffusion treatment after plating. Is preferred. If the diffusion is performed at the same time as the baking of the resin, the number of steps can be reduced, so that the temperature is preferably around 400 ° C. When diffusion is performed, the Zn / Sn layer 6 formed on the surface by plating becomes an extremely thin layer, but after diffusion, it is preferable that the Sn / Zn layer 6 be left at least about 0.5 μm in terms of sulfur corrosion resistance. .
【００１２】[0012]
【作用】バイメタル構造の摺動材料の銅系粉末がギアオ
イルにより腐食する原因は摺動特性を向上するためにギ
アオイルに添加されているＳ化合物によると考えられて
いる。一方上記した銅系粉末をＳに対する耐食性が優れ
た他の材料に変更することも検討したが、焼結性、摺動
特性及び耐食性を兼備する材料はないのが現状である。
そこで本発明においては銅系焼結金属粒子の表面にＳに
よる腐食に対して抵抗力が高くかつ焼結金属のＣｕに対
して密着性が優れたＺｎ，Ｓｎなどを被覆することとし
た。It is believed that the cause of corrosion of the copper-based powder of the bimetal structure sliding material by the gear oil is the S compound added to the gear oil in order to improve the sliding characteristics. On the other hand, it was examined to change the above-mentioned copper-based powder to another material having excellent corrosion resistance to S, but the present situation is that there is no material having both sinterability, sliding characteristics and corrosion resistance.
Therefore, in the present invention, the surface of the copper-based sintered metal particles is coated with Zn, Sn, or the like, which has high resistance to corrosion by S and excellent adhesion to Cu of the sintered metal.
【００１３】さらに被覆の方法としては、生産性に優れ
ためっき法を採用することした。しかしめっき法では表
面にしかＺｎ，Ｓｎが存在せることができず、内部はＣ
ｕが主体となり、素材を切断した時にＣｕリッチ面が露
出されブシュの断面から腐食が起こることになるから、
この対策として拡散によりＺｎ，Ｃｕを粒子内部にも富
化する。以下、実施例により本発明を詳しく説明する。Further, as a coating method, a plating method excellent in productivity was adopted. However, in the plating method, Zn and Sn can exist only on the surface, and the inside is C
u is the main constituent, and when the material is cut, the Cu-rich surface is exposed and corrosion will occur from the cross section of the bush.
As a countermeasure against this, Zn and Cu are enriched inside the particles by diffusion. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
【００１４】[0014]
【実施例】裏金として厚みが１．０ｍｍの鋼板（ＳＰＣ
Ｃ）を使用し、その表面に粒度が８０〜１４５メッシュ
の鉛青銅（ＪＩＳ ＬＢＣ３）粉末を１〜２層 散布
し、軽く押さえた後８００℃で１３分間焼結を行った。[Example] A steel plate (SPC) having a thickness of 1.0 mm as a back metal
C) was used, and 1 to 2 layers of lead bronze (JIS LBC3) powder having a grain size of 80 to 145 mesh were sprinkled on the surface thereof, lightly pressed, and then sintered at 800 ° C. for 13 minutes.
【００１５】その後、下記Ｚｎめっき浴によりめっきを
行った。めっき浴の組成は、酸化亜鉛４０ｇ／Ｌ、青化
ソーダ７３ｇ／Ｌ、苛性ソーダ１２ｇ／Ｌ、Ｍ比２．２
７、あるいは青化亜鉛６０ｇ／Ｌ、青化ソーダ２３ｇ／
Ｌ、苛性ソーダ５２ｇ／Ｌ、Ｍ比２．１７であった。電
流密度は２〜３Ａ／ｄｍ2 、浴温度は４０〜５０℃であ
った。この結果厚みが５〜１０μｍのめっき層が形成さ
れた。一部の試料については４００℃で０．５時間拡散
処理を行った。After that, plating was performed in the following Zn plating bath. The composition of the plating bath was 40 g / L of zinc oxide, 73 g / L of soda blue, 12 g / L of caustic soda, and M ratio of 2.2.
7, or zinc cyanide 60 g / L, cyanide soda 23 g /
L, caustic soda 52 g / L, M ratio 2.17. The current density was 2-3 A / dm @ 2 and the bath temperature was 40-50.degree. As a result, a plating layer having a thickness of 5 to 10 μm was formed. Some samples were subjected to diffusion treatment at 400 ° C. for 0.5 hours.
【００１６】続いて、ポリテトラフロオロエチレン樹脂
を厚みが２０〜５０μｍになるように含浸させ焼付け
し、さらにブシュ形状に加工したものを試験片とした。Subsequently, a polytetrafluoroethylene resin was impregnated to a thickness of 20 to 50 μm, baked, and processed into a bush shape to obtain a test piece.
【００１７】以上のようにして調製した裏金付きバイメ
タル素材を長さ２０×３０ｍｍの長方形試料に切断し、
市販のギアオイルに浸漬し表面のＣｕＳ生成状態を観察
した。５０倍の顕微鏡で観察してＣｕＳの生成がないも
のを良好（○）、ＣｕＳが青銅層まで生成したものを不
良（×）、これらの中間を合格（△）として、次の表に
示す。The bimetal material with a back metal prepared as described above was cut into a rectangular sample having a length of 20 × 30 mm,
It was immersed in a commercially available gear oil and the state of CuS formation on the surface was observed. Observed under a microscope of 50 times, those without formation of CuS are good (∘), those with CuS formed up to the bronze layer are bad (×), and the middle of these is shown as pass (Δ) and shown in the following table.
【００１８】[0018]
【表１】 浸漬時間（ｈｒ） ２０ ４０ ６０ ８０ Ｚｎめっきなし （比較例） × × × × Ｚｎめっき （実施例） ○ △ × × Ｚｎめっき＋熱拡散 （実施例） ○ ○ ○ ○[Table 1] Immersion time (hr) 20 40 60 80 No Zn plating (Comparative example) × × × × Zn plating (Example) ○ Δ × × Zn plating + thermal diffusion (Example) ○ ○ ○ ○
【００１９】表１の結果よりＺｎめっきおよびその後の
熱拡散が耐食性向上に有効であることが明らかである。From the results shown in Table 1, it is clear that Zn plating and subsequent thermal diffusion are effective in improving corrosion resistance.
【００２０】実施例２ 実施例１で調製したＺｎめっきなし試験片とＺｎめっき
＋熱拡散の試験片を２００時間まで実施例１で使用した
ギアオイルに浸漬された状態で振動（３０Ｇ、２００Ｈ
ｒ）を与えた後、図４に示すシャフト摺動試験に供し
た。図４において、１０はブシュ、１１は軸方向に運動
するシャフト、１２は押えリングである。シャフト１１
を押してシャフト１１が前進した時の荷重を摺動荷重と
して求めた結果を図５に示す。図５より、Ｚｎめっきな
しの試験片では浸漬時間が長くなるほど摺動荷重が高く
なるのに対して、本発明の試験片では摺動荷重がほぼ一
定であることがわかる。Example 2 The Zn-unplated test piece and the Zn-plated + thermal-diffusion test piece prepared in Example 1 were vibrated (30 G, 200 H) while immersed in the gear oil used in Example 1 for up to 200 hours.
After r), it was subjected to the shaft sliding test shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, 10 is a bush, 11 is a shaft that moves in the axial direction, and 12 is a holding ring. Shaft 11
FIG. 5 shows the result of the load when the shaft 11 is moved forward by pushing as a sliding load. From FIG. 5, it can be seen that the sliding load becomes higher as the immersion time becomes longer in the test piece without Zn plating, whereas the sliding load becomes almost constant in the test piece of the present invention.
【００２１】さらに、上記したブシュ形状の試験片の内
径及びシャフト外径を測定し、その差をオイルクリアラ
ンスとした結果を図６に示す。図６より、Ｚｎめっきな
しの試験片では浸漬時間が長くなるほどオイルクリアラ
ンスが小さくなるのに対して、本発明の試験片ではオイ
ルクリアランスがほぼ一定であることがわかる。Further, FIG. 6 shows the result of measuring the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the shaft of the bush-shaped test piece described above and using the difference between them as the oil clearance. From FIG. 6, it can be seen that the oil clearance becomes smaller as the immersion time becomes longer in the test piece without Zn plating, whereas the oil clearance in the test piece of the present invention is almost constant.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明によると、樹
脂を含浸した焼結金属を摺動層とするバイメタル構造の
軸受において焼結金属の耐食性を向上することにより、
摺動特性が改善され、またオイルクリアランスも安定し
て保たれるために、トランンミッションの性能向上に寄
与するとともに、ギアオイルの摺動特性向上のためにＳ
化合物を多量に添加した場合でも軸受の性能を安定して
維持することができる。また、従来ブシュ行っていため
っき（図２の３参照）を省略することができるから、コ
ストダウンを図ることができる。As described above, according to the present invention, by improving the corrosion resistance of a sintered metal in a bearing having a bimetal structure having a sintered metal impregnated with a resin as a sliding layer,
The sliding characteristics are improved and the oil clearance is kept stable, which contributes to the performance improvement of the transmission and S for improving the sliding characteristics of the gear oil.
The performance of the bearing can be stably maintained even when a large amount of the compound is added. Further, the plating (see 3 in FIG. 2) which has been conventionally performed can be omitted, so that the cost can be reduced.
【図１】本発明材料の摺動層の模式図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sliding layer of the material of the present invention.
【図２】ブシュの模式的断面図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a bush.
【図３】従来の摺動層で起こる腐食の説明図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of corrosion that occurs in a conventional sliding layer.
【図４】シャフト荷重試験法の説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a shaft load test method.
【図５】摺動荷重の測定結果を示すグラフである。FIG. 5 is a graph showing the measurement results of sliding load.
【図６】オイルクリアランスの測定結果を示すグラフで
ある。FIG. 6 is a graph showing measurement results of oil clearance.
１ 裏金 ２ 摺動層 ３ めっき層 ４ 焼結金属 ６ Ｓｎ／Ｚｎ層 ９ 樹脂 １０ ブシュ 1 Back Metal 2 Sliding Layer 3 Plating Layer 4 Sintered Metal 6 Sn / Zn Layer 9 Resin 10 Bush
Claims (3)
焼結層の焼結金属粒子の間隙に樹脂が含浸された摺動材
料において、前記金属粒子が、少なくとも摺動面側にお
いて、その表面部のＺｎもしくはＳｎからなる又はこれ
らの金属を主成分とする層と内部の銅系材料とからなる
ことを特徴とする摺動材料。1. A sintered layer of copper-based powder is formed on the back metal,
In a sliding material in which a resin is impregnated in the spaces between the sintered metal particles of the sintered layer, the metal particles are composed of Zn or Sn at the surface portion at least on the sliding surface side, or have these metals as a main component. And a copper-based material inside the sliding material.
結層の焼結金属粒子の間隙に樹脂を含浸する摺動材料の
製造方法において、焼結後にＺｎもしくはＳｎあるいは
ＺｎもしくはＳｎ系合金のめっきを施し、その後前記樹
脂の含浸を行うことを特徴とする摺動材料の製造方法。2. A method for producing a sliding material, comprising forming a sintered layer of copper-based powder on a backing metal and impregnating a resin into the spaces between the sintered metal particles of the sintered layer, wherein Zn or Sn or Zn is used after sintering. Alternatively, a method for producing a sliding material, which comprises plating an Sn-based alloy and then impregnating the resin.
の熱拡散処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項２記載の摺
動材料の製造方法。3. The method for producing a sliding material according to claim 2, wherein the plating layer and the sintered metal are subjected to thermal diffusion treatment after plating.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14374993A JP3242754B2 (en) | 1993-06-15 | 1993-06-15 | Sliding material and manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14374993A JP3242754B2 (en) | 1993-06-15 | 1993-06-15 | Sliding material and manufacturing method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06346111A true JPH06346111A (en) | 1994-12-20 |
| JP3242754B2 JP3242754B2 (en) | 2001-12-25 |
Family
ID=15346127
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14374993A Expired - Fee Related JP3242754B2 (en) | 1993-06-15 | 1993-06-15 | Sliding material and manufacturing method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3242754B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006080289A1 (en) * | 2005-01-25 | 2006-08-03 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Electrically conductive fine particles and anisotropic electrically conductive material |
| JP2014530981A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2014-11-20 | マーレ インターナショナルゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテルハフツングＭＡＨＬＥ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ＧｍｂＨ | piston |
-
1993
- 1993-06-15 JP JP14374993A patent/JP3242754B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006080289A1 (en) * | 2005-01-25 | 2006-08-03 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Electrically conductive fine particles and anisotropic electrically conductive material |
| JP4863988B2 (en) * | 2005-01-25 | 2012-01-25 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Conductive fine particles and anisotropic conductive material |
| JP2014530981A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2014-11-20 | マーレ インターナショナルゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテルハフツングＭＡＨＬＥ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ＧｍｂＨ | piston |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3242754B2 (en) | 2001-12-25 |
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