JPH06342686A - Electric heating device - Google Patents
Electric heating deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06342686A JPH06342686A JP13081693A JP13081693A JPH06342686A JP H06342686 A JPH06342686 A JP H06342686A JP 13081693 A JP13081693 A JP 13081693A JP 13081693 A JP13081693 A JP 13081693A JP H06342686 A JPH06342686 A JP H06342686A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- temperature coefficient
- coefficient resistor
- heating element
- circuit
- series
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
Landscapes
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は電気カーペット等の電気
発熱装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric heating device such as an electric carpet.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】図３に、従来の電気発熱装置、例えば電
気カーペットの電気回路部の構成を示す。発熱体３０１
と温度検知線３０２と中央制御装置３０３とからなる。
この装置の動作においては、温度検知線３０２は検知線
の最も高温な温度を検知し、中央制御装置３０３はその
最も高温な温度データを基に発熱体３０１に流す電流を
リレースイッチでＯＮ−ＯＦＦ制御することにより電気
発熱装置の温度を制御していた。2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 3 shows a structure of a conventional electric heating device, for example, an electric circuit portion of an electric carpet. Heating element 301
And a temperature detection line 302 and a central control unit 303.
In the operation of this device, the temperature detection line 302 detects the highest temperature of the detection line, and the central control unit 303 turns ON / OFF the current flowing through the heating element 301 with a relay switch based on the highest temperature data. By controlling, the temperature of the electric heating device was controlled.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記従
来の電気発熱装置の構成では、１）発熱体が一本で構成
されているために抵抗が大きい。そのため、電源を入れ
たときに発熱体の発熱量が小さく、所望の温度になるの
に時間がかかると言う課題を有していた。もっとも、発
熱体の抵抗を小さくして発熱量を大きくすることは不可
能ではないが、大きい電流を流してのリレースイッチの
ＯＮーＯＦＦを繰り返し行なうと接点の経時変化により
ロッキングと呼ばれる接点の溶着が起こり易いというう
課題があるため発熱体の抵抗をむやみに小さくすること
はできない。２）温度検知線が一本のため個々の場所の
温度を別々に検知することができない。また、個々の場
所の温度を検知できたとしても、発熱体が一本のために
個々の場所の発熱量を別々に制御する事ができない。そ
のため、電気発熱装置の個々の場所毎に温度を制御する
ことができず、表面に座布団が有ったり、膝掛けが有っ
たりという実際の使用環境に於て、表面からの放熱量の
少ない座布団の下ばかり熱くなって、この高い温度を基
に電流を制御しているためにそれ以外の部分の温度が低
いということがある。そのため電源を入れてから十分時
間が経っているにも関わらず座った時の温度が低くく、
しばらくじっと座って居ないと暖かく成らないという課
題を有していた。もっとも、その点に付いても、温度検
知線の本数を増やし、発熱体をいくつかに分割してそれ
ぞれに制御することは不可能ではないが、ａ）配線が複
雑になる。特に温度検知線と発熱体が制御装置に出入り
する部分の配線が複雑になる、ｂ）温度検知線の出力を
基に発熱体の電流を制御する中央制御装置が複雑にな
る、という課題が有った。However, in the structure of the conventional electric heating device described above, 1) the resistance is large because the heating element is composed of one. Therefore, there is a problem that the amount of heat generated by the heating element is small when the power is turned on, and it takes time to reach a desired temperature. However, it is not impossible to reduce the resistance of the heating element and increase the amount of heat generation, but if the relay switch is repeatedly turned on and off with a large current flowing, the welding of the contact, called locking, will occur due to the aging of the contact. However, the resistance of the heating element cannot be reduced unnecessarily because of the problem that it is likely to occur. 2) Since there is only one temperature detection line, it is not possible to detect the temperature at each location separately. Further, even if the temperature of each place can be detected, since the number of heating elements is one, it is not possible to control the amount of heat generated at each place separately. Therefore, it is not possible to control the temperature for each individual location of the electric heating device, and in the actual use environment where there is a cushion on the surface or there is a knee rest, the cushion that emits a small amount of heat from the surface. There is a case where the temperature of the other parts is low due to the fact that the current is controlled on the basis of this high temperature because it becomes hot just below. Therefore, the temperature when sitting down is low, even though it has been enough time after turning on the power,
The problem was that it wouldn't become warm unless I sat still for a while. However, even at that point, it is not impossible to increase the number of temperature detection lines and divide the heating element into several parts and control each of them, but a) wiring becomes complicated. In particular, there are problems that the wiring of the temperature detection line and the part where the heating element goes in and out of the control device becomes complicated, and b) the central control device that controls the current of the heating element based on the output of the temperature detection line becomes complicated. It was.
【０００４】本発明は上記従来の電気発熱装置の課題を
解決するもので、電源入力時の温度上昇が高速で、場所
毎に発熱量の制御可能な電気発熱装置を提供することを
目的とする。An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional electric heating device, and to provide an electric heating device in which the temperature rise at the time of power input is high and the amount of heat generation can be controlled for each place. .
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、第１の発熱体
と第１の正特性温度係数抵抗体を直列に接続した第１の
回路と、第２の正特性温度係数抵抗体と第２の発熱体を
直列に接続した第２の回路と、電源回路とを備え、第１
の回路と第２の回路が電源回路に対して並列に接続さ
れ、第１の発熱体と第１の正特性温度係数抵抗体の第１
の接続点と第２の正特性温度係数抵抗体と第２の発熱体
の第２の接続点との間に、少なくとも負特性温度係数抵
抗体が接続されている。According to the present invention, there is provided a first circuit in which a first heating element and a first positive temperature coefficient resistor are connected in series, a second positive temperature coefficient resistor and a first positive temperature coefficient resistor. A second circuit in which two heating elements are connected in series and a power supply circuit are provided.
And the second circuit are connected in parallel to the power supply circuit, and the first heating element and the first positive temperature coefficient resistor
At least the negative characteristic temperature coefficient resistor is connected between the connection point, the second positive characteristic temperature coefficient resistor, and the second connection point of the second heating element.
【０００６】[0006]
【作用】上記構成により、電源入力時等の温度が低いと
きには正特性温度係数抵抗体の抵抗が小さくなるととも
に負特性温度係数抵抗体の抵抗が大きくなり、発熱体の
接続が実行的に並列接続として大きな発熱量を得ること
ができる。With the above structure, when the temperature is low at the time of power input, the resistance of the positive temperature coefficient resistor decreases and the resistance of the negative temperature coefficient resistor increases, so that the heating elements can be connected in parallel effectively. As a result, a large amount of heat generation can be obtained.
【０００７】一方、温度が高くなると正特性温度係数抵
抗体の抵抗が大きくなり負特性温度係数抵抗体の抵抗が
小さくなって発熱体が実行的に直列接続になる。On the other hand, as the temperature rises, the resistance of the positive temperature coefficient resistor increases and the resistance of the negative temperature coefficient resistor decreases, so that the heating elements are effectively connected in series.
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例に付いて図面を参照し
ながら説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【０００９】図１（ａ）は本発明の第１の実施例におけ
る電気発熱装置の構成を示すものである。FIG. 1A shows the structure of an electric heating device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
【００１０】図１（ａ）において、１０１と１０２は発
熱体、１０３と１０４は正特性温度係数抵抗体（以下Ｐ
ＴＣと略す）、１０５は負特性温度係数抵抗体（以下Ｎ
ＴＣと略す）、１０６は電源回路である。直列に接続し
た発熱体１０１とＰＴＣ１０３と、直列に接続したＰＴ
Ｃ１０４と発熱体１０２とが電源回路１０６に並列に接
続されており、発熱体１０１とＰＴＣ１０３の接続点
と、ＰＴＣ１０４と発熱体１０２の接続点とがＮＴＣ１
０５で接続されている。In FIG. 1A, 101 and 102 are heating elements, and 103 and 104 are positive temperature coefficient resistors (hereinafter referred to as P
TC is abbreviated as TC, and 105 is a negative temperature coefficient resistor (hereinafter referred to as N
TC is abbreviated), and 106 is a power supply circuit. Heating element 101 and PTC 103 connected in series, PT connected in series
The C104 and the heating element 102 are connected in parallel to the power supply circuit 106, and the connection point between the heating element 101 and the PTC 103 and the connection point between the PTC 104 and the heating element 102 are NTC1.
It is connected at 05.
【００１１】以上のように構成された本実施例につい
て、以下その動作を説明する。The operation of the present embodiment constructed as above will be described below.
【００１２】まず、電源入力時等の温度が低いときには
ＰＴＣ１０３とＰＴＣ１０４の抵抗が小さくなりＮＴＣ
１０５の抵抗が大きくなり、電源回路１０６から供給さ
れる電流は、図１（ｂ）に示すように発熱体１０１及び
ＰＴＣ１０３の回路とＰＴＣ１０４と発熱体１０２の回
路に実行的に並列に流れて大きな発熱量を得ることがで
きる。一方、温度が高くなるとＰＴＣ１０３とＰＴＣ１
０４の抵抗が大きくなりＮＴＣ１０５の抵抗が小さくな
って、図１（ｃ）に示すように、発熱体１０１とＮＴＣ
１０５と発熱体１０２に主に電流が直列的に流れ、低温
時に比べ約４分の１の発熱量となる。また、外から入っ
てきた体の冷えた人が座ったりして電気発熱装置の発熱
体１０１とＰＴＣ１０３側の温度が低くなったとする
と、ＰＴＣ１０３の抵抗が小さくなり電流が発熱体１０
１からＰＴＣ１０３へと流れて発熱量が増加する。First, when the temperature is low at the time of power input, etc., the resistances of the PTC 103 and PTC 104 become small and the NTC becomes small.
The resistance of 105 becomes large, and the current supplied from the power supply circuit 106 effectively flows in parallel to the circuits of the heating element 101 and PTC 103 and the circuit of PTC 104 and the heating element 102 as shown in FIG. The calorific value can be obtained. On the other hand, when the temperature rises, PTC103 and PTC1
The resistance of No. 04 becomes large and the resistance of NTC 105 becomes small, and as shown in FIG.
A current mainly flows in series with the heating element 105 and the heating element 102, and the amount of heat generation is about one-fourth that at low temperature. Further, if the temperature of the heating element 101 and the PTC 103 side of the electric heating device becomes low due to a person with a cold body coming in from outside sitting, the resistance of the PTC 103 becomes small and the electric current is generated by the heating element 10.
The amount of heat generation increases from 1 to PTC 103.
【００１３】以上のように本実施例によれば、電源入力
時の温度上昇を高速にし、かつ、場所毎に発熱量の制御
を可能にすることができる。As described above, according to this embodiment, it is possible to speed up the temperature rise at the time of inputting the power source and to control the amount of heat generated at each place.
【００１４】以下、本発明の第２の実施例について図面
を参照しながら説明する。A second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００１５】図２は、本発明の第２の実施例における電
気発熱装置の構成を示すものである。図において、２０
１と２０２と２０３と２０４は発熱体、２０５と２０６
と２０７と２０８と２０９と２１０はＰＴＣ、２１１と
２１２と２１３はＮＴＣ、２１４は電源回路である。直
列に接続した発熱体２０１とＰＴＣ２０５と、直列に接
続したＰＴＣ２０６と発熱体２０２とＰＴＣ２０７と、
直列に接続したＰＴＣ２０８と発熱体２０３とＰＴＣ２
０９と、直列に接続したＰＴＣ２１０と発熱体２０４と
は、それぞれ電源回路２１４に並列に接続されている。FIG. 2 shows the configuration of an electric heating device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 20
1 and 202, 203 and 204 are heating elements, and 205 and 206
Reference numerals 207, 208, 209 and 210 are PTCs, 211, 212 and 213 are NTCs, and 214 is a power supply circuit. A heating element 201 and a PTC 205 connected in series, a PTC 206, a heating element 202 and a PTC 207 connected in series,
PTC 208, heating element 203 and PTC 2 connected in series
09, the PTC 210 and the heating element 204 that are connected in series are connected in parallel to the power supply circuit 214.
【００１６】さらに、発熱体２０１とＰＴＣ２０５の接
続点と、ＰＴＣ２０６と発熱体２０２の接続点とはＮＴ
Ｃ２１１で接続され、発熱体２０２とＰＴＣ２０７の接
続点と、ＰＴＣ２０８と発熱体２０３の接続点はＮＴＣ
２１２で接続され、発熱体２０３とＰＴＣ２０９の接続
点と、ＰＴＣ２１０と発熱体２０４の接続点はＮＴＣ２
１２で接続される。Further, the connection point between the heating element 201 and the PTC 205 and the connection point between the PTC 206 and the heating element 202 are NT.
It is connected by C211, and the connection point between the heating element 202 and the PTC 207 and the connection point between the PTC 208 and the heating element 203 are NTC.
The connection point between the heating element 203 and the PTC 209 and the connection point between the PTC 210 and the heating element 204 are NTC2.
Connected at 12.
【００１７】以上のように構成された本実施例につい
て、以下その動作を説明する。The operation of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described below.
【００１８】まず、電源入力時等の温度が低いときに
は、ＰＴＣ２０５と２０６と２０７と２０８と２０９と
２１０の抵抗が小さく、ＮＴＣ２１１と２１２と２１３
の抵抗が大きくなり、電源回路２１４から供給される電
流は、各発熱体２０１、２０２、２０３、２０４に実行
的に並列に流れて大きな発熱量を得ることができる。一
方、温度が高くなると、ＰＴＣ２０５と２０６と２０７
と２０８と２０９と２１０の抵抗が大きくなり、ＮＴＣ
２１１と２１２と２１３の抵抗が小さくなって、発熱体
２０１とＮＴＣ２１１と発熱体２０２とＮＴＣ２１２と
発熱体２０３とＮＴＣ２１３と発熱体２０４に、電流が
直列的に流れ、低温時に比べ約１６分の１の発熱量とな
る。First, when the temperature is low at the time of power input, the resistance of PTC 205, 206, 207, 208, 209 and 210 is small, and NTC 211, 212 and 213.
And the current supplied from the power supply circuit 214 practically flows in parallel to the heating elements 201, 202, 203, and 204, and a large amount of heat can be obtained. On the other hand, when the temperature rises, PTC 205, 206 and 207
And 208, 209 and 210 increase the resistance, NTC
The resistance of 211, 212, and 213 decreases, and current flows in series through the heating element 201, the NTC 211, the heating element 202, the NTC 212, the heating element 203, the NTC 213, and the heating element 204. It becomes the calorific value of.
【００１９】また、周囲の環境による温度の不均一につ
いても第１の実施例と同様に個々の発熱体毎にそれに直
列に接続されたＰＴＣの抵抗変化により発熱量が調整さ
れる。As for the non-uniformity of temperature due to the surrounding environment, the amount of heat generation is adjusted for each heating element by the resistance change of the PTC connected in series to each heating element.
【００２０】以上のように本実施例によれば、電源入力
時の温度上昇を高速にし、かつ、場所毎に発熱量の制御
を可能にすることができる。As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to speed up the temperature rise at the time of inputting the power source and to control the heat generation amount for each place.
【００２１】なお、本発明は、上記実施例のような回路
構成に限らず、発熱体と正特性温度係数抵抗体との直列
回路が、複数個並列接続されて、電源回路に接続され、
さらに、いずれかの直列回路の前記発熱体と正特性温度
係数抵抗体との接続点と他のいずれかの直列回路の前記
発熱体と正特性温度係数抵抗体との接続点とが、負特性
温度係数抵抗体を介して接続されており、前記正特性温
度係数抵抗体の抵抗値が小さくなり、同時に前記負特性
温度係数抵抗体の抵抗値が大きい場合は、前記各直列回
路の発熱体が、前記電源回路に並列的に接続されたよう
になり、前記正特性温度係数抵抗体の抵抗値が大きくな
り、同時に前記負特性温度係数抵抗体の抵抗値が小さい
場合は、前記各直列回路の発熱体が、互いに直列的に接
続されて前記電源回路に接続されたようになるような電
気発熱装置であれば、他の回路構成でもかまわない。The present invention is not limited to the circuit configuration as in the above embodiment, and a plurality of series circuits of a heating element and a positive temperature coefficient resistor are connected in parallel and connected to a power supply circuit.
Furthermore, the connection point between the heating element and the positive temperature coefficient resistor in any series circuit and the connection point between the heating element and the positive temperature coefficient resistor in any other series circuit have negative characteristics. When connected through a temperature coefficient resistor, the resistance value of the positive characteristic temperature coefficient resistor becomes small, and at the same time, the resistance value of the negative characteristic temperature coefficient resistor becomes large, the heating element of each series circuit is , If the resistance value of the positive characteristic temperature coefficient resistor is large and the resistance value of the negative characteristic temperature coefficient resistor is small at the same time, the power supply circuit is connected in parallel. Other circuit configurations may be used as long as the heating elements are electric heating devices that are connected in series to each other and are connected to the power supply circuit.
【００２２】なお、負特性温度係数抵抗体のかわりに、
正特性温度係数抵抗体の低温のときの抵抗値と高温のと
きの抵抗値の間の抵抗値を持つ抵抗体を用いてもよい。In place of the negative characteristic temperature coefficient resistor,
A resistor having a resistance value between the resistance value of the positive temperature coefficient resistor at low temperature and the resistance value at high temperature may be used.
【００２３】[0023]
【発明の効果】以上述べたところから明らかなように、
本発明は、発熱体と正特性温度係数抵抗体（ＰＴＣ）と
負特性温度係数抵抗体（ＮＴＣ）を組み合わせて接続す
ることにより、電源入力時の温度上昇が高速にし、か
つ、場所毎に発熱量の制御可能な電気発熱装置を実現で
きるものである。As is apparent from the above description,
According to the present invention, by connecting a heating element, a positive temperature coefficient resistor (PTC) and a negative temperature coefficient resistor (NTC) in combination, the temperature rises rapidly at the time of power input, and heat is generated at each location. It is possible to realize an electric heating device whose amount can be controlled.
【図１】図（ａ）は、本発明の第１の実施例における電
気発熱装置の構成を示す回路図であり、図（ｂ）は、本
発明の第１の実施例における動作を説明するための回路
図であり、図（ｃ）は、本発明の第１の実施例における
動作を説明するための回路図である。FIG. 1 (a) is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an electric heating device in a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (b) illustrates an operation in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3C is a circuit diagram for explaining the operation in the first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の第２の実施例における電気発熱装置の
構成を示す回路図である。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an electric heating device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】従来の電気発熱装置の電気回路部の構成を示す
図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electric circuit section of a conventional electric heating device.
１０１、１０２ 発熱体 １０３、１０４ 正特性温度係数抵抗体（ＰＴＣ） １０５ 負特性温度係数抵抗体（ＮＴＣ） １０６ 電源回路 ２０１、２０２、２０３、２０４ 発熱体 ２０５、２０６、２０７、２０８、２０９、２１０ Ｐ
ＴＣ ２１１、２１２、２１３ ＮＴＣ ２１４ 電源回路101, 102 Heat generating element 103, 104 Positive temperature coefficient resistor (PTC) 105 Negative temperature coefficient resistor (NTC) 106 Power supply circuit 201, 202, 203, 204 Heat generating element 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210 P
TC 211, 212, 213 NTC 214 power supply circuit
Claims (2)
抗体を直列に接続した第１の回路と、第２の正特性温度
係数抵抗体と第２の発熱体を直列に接続した第２の回路
と、電源回路とを備え、前記第１の回路と前記第２の回
路が前記電源回路に対して並列に接続され、前記第１の
発熱体と前記第１の正特性温度係数抵抗体の第１の接続
点と前記第２の正特性温度係数抵抗体と前記第２の発熱
体の第２の接続点との間に、少なくとも負特性温度係数
抵抗体が接続されていることを特徴とする電気発熱装
置。1. A first circuit in which a first heating element and a first positive temperature coefficient resistor are connected in series, and a second positive temperature coefficient resistor and a second heating element are connected in series. A second circuit and a power supply circuit, wherein the first circuit and the second circuit are connected in parallel to the power supply circuit, the first heating element and the first positive temperature coefficient. At least a negative characteristic temperature coefficient resistor is connected between the first connection point of the coefficient resistor, the second positive characteristic temperature coefficient resistor and the second connection point of the second heating element. An electric heating device characterized by the above.
回路が、複数個並列接続されて、電源回路に接続され、
さらに、いずれかの直列回路の前記発熱体と正特性温度
係数抵抗体との接続点と他のいずれかの直列回路の前記
発熱体と正特性温度係数抵抗体との接続点とが、負特性
温度係数抵抗体を介して接続されており、前記正特性温
度係数抵抗体の抵抗値が小さくなり、同時に前記負特性
温度係数抵抗体の抵抗値が大きい場合は、前記各直列回
路の発熱体が、前記電源回路に実質上並列的に接続され
たようになり、前記正特性温度係数抵抗体の抵抗値が大
きくなり、同時に前記負特性温度係数抵抗体の抵抗値が
小さい場合は、前記各直列回路の発熱体が、実質上互い
に直列的に接続されて前記電源回路に接続されたように
なることを特徴とする電気発熱装置。2. A plurality of series circuits comprising a heating element and a positive temperature coefficient resistor are connected in parallel and connected to a power supply circuit.
Furthermore, the connection point between the heating element and the positive temperature coefficient resistor in any series circuit and the connection point between the heating element and the positive temperature coefficient resistor in any other series circuit have negative characteristics. When connected through a temperature coefficient resistor, the resistance value of the positive characteristic temperature coefficient resistor becomes small, and at the same time, the resistance value of the negative characteristic temperature coefficient resistor becomes large, the heating element of each series circuit is When the resistance value of the positive temperature coefficient resistor is large and the resistance value of the negative temperature coefficient resistor is small at the same time, each of the series circuits is connected to the power supply circuit in parallel. An electric heating device, characterized in that the heating elements of the circuit are substantially connected in series with each other so as to be connected to the power supply circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13081693A JPH06342686A (en) | 1993-06-01 | 1993-06-01 | Electric heating device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13081693A JPH06342686A (en) | 1993-06-01 | 1993-06-01 | Electric heating device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06342686A true JPH06342686A (en) | 1994-12-13 |
Family
ID=15043388
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13081693A Pending JPH06342686A (en) | 1993-06-01 | 1993-06-01 | Electric heating device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06342686A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2340713A (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-02-23 | Otter Controls Ltd | Thick film ohmic heating track with NTC and PTC sections |
| JP2000356358A (en) * | 1999-04-24 | 2000-12-26 | Daimlerchrysler Aerospace Airbus Gmbh | Plate structural member of floor surface plate particularly for aircraft |
| WO2009150454A1 (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-17 | 2D Heat Limited | A self-regulating electrical resistance heating element |
-
1993
- 1993-06-01 JP JP13081693A patent/JPH06342686A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2340713A (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-02-23 | Otter Controls Ltd | Thick film ohmic heating track with NTC and PTC sections |
| GB2340713B (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2003-03-12 | Otter Controls Ltd | Improvements relating to electric heating elements |
| JP2000356358A (en) * | 1999-04-24 | 2000-12-26 | Daimlerchrysler Aerospace Airbus Gmbh | Plate structural member of floor surface plate particularly for aircraft |
| WO2009150454A1 (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-17 | 2D Heat Limited | A self-regulating electrical resistance heating element |
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