JPH06332219A - Electrophotographic sensitive and electrophotographic device having the same - Google Patents

Electrophotographic sensitive and electrophotographic device having the same

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Publication number
JPH06332219A
JPH06332219A JP14545693A JP14545693A JPH06332219A JP H06332219 A JPH06332219 A JP H06332219A JP 14545693 A JP14545693 A JP 14545693A JP 14545693 A JP14545693 A JP 14545693A JP H06332219 A JPH06332219 A JP H06332219A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
photosensitive member
electrophotographic
fluororesin powder
electrophotographic photosensitive
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP14545693A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3097940B2 (en
Inventor
Youichi Kawamorita
陽一 川守田
Takao Soma
孝夫 相馬
Tatsuo Maeda
達夫 前田
Hironori Uematsu
弘規 植松
Tatsuya Ikesue
龍哉 池末
Shunkai Sako
春海 酒匂
Noboru Kashimura
昇 樫村
Shoji Amamiya
昇司 雨宮
公博 ▲吉▼村
Kimihiro Yoshimura
Masaaki Yamagami
雅昭 山上
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to JP05145456A priority Critical patent/JP3097940B2/en
Publication of JPH06332219A publication Critical patent/JPH06332219A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3097940B2 publication Critical patent/JP3097940B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the electrophotographic sensitive body having excellent electrophotographic characteristics, surface slipperiness and wear resistance and having high-grade image characteristics even after repetitive use. CONSTITUTION:The electrophotographic sensitive body having a photosensitive layer on a conductive base is the electrophotographic sensitive body which contains fluororesin powder pulverized and dispersed by high-pressure liquid impingement in the surface layer of the photosensitive body; the electrophotographic sensitive body which contains the fluororesin powder and a fluorine graft polymer formed by settling and refining after a heating treatment in the surface layer of the photosensitive body and contains the compd. (A) expressed by formula I and the compd. (B) expressed by formula II in the photosensitive body and the electrophotographic sensitive body which contains a binder resin and the fluororesin powder boosted to a high pressure state and pulverized and dispersed by high-pressure liquid impingement in the protective layer of the photosensitive body. This electrophotographic device has these electrophotographic sensitive bodies. As a result, the electrophotographic sensitive body having the excellent electrophotographic characteristics, surface slipperiness and wear resistance and having the high-grade image characteristics even after repetitive use is produced.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は電子写真感光体に関し、
特に耐久性、耐摩耗性、電位安定性並びに表面の滑り性
に優れた電子写真感光体に関する。
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor,
In particular, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having excellent durability, abrasion resistance, potential stability and surface slipperiness.

【0002】本発明は静電複写機及びファクシミリ等の
電子写真プロセスを有す装置中で接触帯電(直接帯電)
を印加される電子写真感光体に関する。
The present invention is contact charging (direct charging) in a device having an electrophotographic process such as an electrostatic copying machine and a facsimile.
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member to which is applied.

【0003】また、本発明は上記電子写真感光体を有す
る電子写真装置である。
The present invention is also an electrophotographic apparatus having the above electrophotographic photosensitive member.

【0004】[0004]

【従来の技術】電子写真感光体は、その像形成プロセス
において帯電、露光、現像、転写、クリーニング及び除
電の繰り返し工程を採る。帯電及び露光により形成され
た静電潜像は、粒子状の粉体であるトナーにより現像さ
れる。感光体は、この現像の際、紙などの転写材または
紙粉、更にはトナーと接触し物理的ストレスを受ける。
更に、現像されたトナーは転写プロセスにおいて紙など
の転写材に転写されるが、100%のトナーが転写され
るのではなく、一部が感光体上に残される。この残存す
るトナーを除去しないと繰り返しプロセスにおいて汚れ
等のない高品位な画像は得られない。そのため、残存ト
ナーのクリーニングが必要となる。クリーニングプロセ
スとしては、ファーブラシ、磁気ブラシ、ブレードなど
を用いたものが代表的であるがクリーニング精度及び装
置構成の合理化などの点からブレードクリーニングが選
択されるのが一般的である。ブレード状樹脂板が直接感
光体に接することによりトナークリーニングされる該方
法は、精度の高い一方で、感光体への機械的負荷を上昇
させ、その結果「削れ量増加」、「傷の発生」、及びブ
レードが反転してしまう通称「ブレードめくれ」により
発生するクリーニング不良や装置の停止などの問題が生
じる。このような機械的なストレスに対し感光体表面に
潤滑性及び離型性を付与する技術が検討されている。
2. Description of the Related Art An electrophotographic photosensitive member employs repeated steps of charging, exposing, developing, transferring, cleaning and discharging in the image forming process. The electrostatic latent image formed by charging and exposure is developed with toner, which is a particulate powder. At the time of this development, the photoconductor contacts the transfer material such as paper or paper powder, and further the toner, and is subjected to physical stress.
Further, the developed toner is transferred to a transfer material such as paper in the transfer process, but 100% of the toner is not transferred, but a part of the toner is left on the photoconductor. If this residual toner is not removed, a high-quality image without stains or the like cannot be obtained in the repeated process. Therefore, it is necessary to clean the residual toner. As a cleaning process, a fur brush, a magnetic brush, a blade or the like is typically used, but blade cleaning is generally selected from the viewpoints of cleaning accuracy and rationalization of the apparatus configuration. The method in which toner is cleaned by directly contacting the blade-shaped resin plate with the photoconductor is highly accurate, but the mechanical load on the photoconductor is increased, resulting in "increase in abrasion amount" and "generation of scratches". Also, problems such as defective cleaning and device stoppage caused by the so-called “blade flipping” in which the blade is reversed occur. Techniques for imparting lubricity and releasability to the surface of the photoconductor against such mechanical stress have been studied.

【0005】具体的には、特開昭52−117134、
同53−107841、同54−26740、同54−
27434、同54−86340、同54−14314
2、同54−143148、同56−9345、同56
−126838、同57−14845、同57−747
48、同57−35863、同57−76553、同5
8−44444、同58−70229、同58−102
949、同58−163958、同59−19704
2、同62−272281、同63−30850、同6
3−56658、同63−58352、同63−584
50、同63−61255、同63−61256、同6
3−65449、同63−65450、同63−654
51、同63−73267、同63−221355、同
63−249152、同63−311356などで提案
されるものである。潤滑剤としては、四フッ化エチレン
樹脂、三フッ化エチレン樹脂、六フッ化エチレンプロピ
レン樹脂、フッ化ビニル樹脂、フッ化ビニリデン樹脂、
及びこれらの共重合樹脂などのフッ素含有樹脂が好適で
ある。従来、これらの潤滑剤を適当なバインダー樹脂及
び感光材料と共にサンドミルやボールミルで分散した後
に感光体の表面に塗布し、成膜する。これらの方法で得
られる表面層を付与した電子写真感光体の欠点として
は、感光体表面に求められる滑り性及び耐摩耗性を満足
させる必要性から多量の潤滑剤を分散させると、これに
より感度低下や残留電位上昇、また分散凝集物により塗
膜欠陥を生じ著しく、画像品位を落とすなどと言った問
題を生じた。逆に潤滑材の添加量を減少させると摩擦抵
抗の上昇からブレードめくれの発生や耐摩耗性の優位性
を保てなくなるなど滑り性、耐摩耗性、そして電子写真
特性の三要素を優れた性能で成立させることが困難であ
ることが挙げられる。
Specifically, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-117134,
Same 53-107841, same 54-26740, same 54-
27434, 54-86340, 54-14314.
2, ibid 54-143148, ibid 56-9345, ibid 56
-126838, 57-14845, 57-747
48, 57-35863, 57-76553, 5
8-44444, 58-70229, 58-102
949, ibid. 58-163958, ibid. 59-19704.
2, the same 62-272281, the same 63-30850, the same 6
3-56658, 63-58352, 63-584.
50, 63-61255, 63-61256, 6
3-65449, 63-65450, 63-654.
51, 63-73267, 63-221355, 63-249152, 63-31356, and the like. As the lubricant, tetrafluoroethylene resin, trifluoroethylene resin, hexafluoroethylene propylene resin, vinyl fluoride resin, vinylidene fluoride resin,
Also, fluorine-containing resins such as copolymer resins of these are suitable. Conventionally, these lubricants are dispersed together with an appropriate binder resin and a photosensitive material in a sand mill or a ball mill, and then coated on the surface of the photoreceptor to form a film. As a drawback of the electrophotographic photosensitive member provided with the surface layer obtained by these methods, it is necessary to disperse a large amount of a lubricant from the necessity of satisfying the slipperiness and abrasion resistance required for the photosensitive member surface. There were problems such as a decrease in the residual potential, an increase in the residual potential, and a film defect due to the dispersed aggregates, which markedly deteriorated the image quality. On the other hand, if the amount of lubricant added is reduced, the friction resistance will rise and the blade will be turned over and the superiority of abrasion resistance will not be maintained. It is difficult to establish in.

【0006】また、帯電及び転写プロセスでは、従来コ
ロナ帯電による感光体表面への電荷の付与が一般的であ
ったが、コロナ帯電に比べオゾンの発生が極めて少な
く、したがって、環境安全性の高い接触帯電または直接
帯電と呼ばれる帯電部材を直接に感光体に当接させ電荷
を付与させる方法が検討されている。該方法は、環境安
全性が高い反面、感光体と帯電部材が直接当たる構成の
ため、感光体の「削れ量増大」、「電気特性への悪影
響」、とりわけ繰り返し帯電時の「明部電位の上昇」な
ど、原因が定かになっていない現象も含め感光体に物理
的なストレスを加える結果となっており、これにより電
気特性を損なわず耐削れ性を満足させる必要性が増し、
感光体の特に最も表面となる層に新たな技術的な課題を
投じている。以上示してきた様に電子写真感光体は、そ
のプロセスに接触帯電(直接帯電)を新たに加えること
により、従来にも増して性能向上が求められている。
Further, in the charging and transfer processes, it has been customary to apply a charge to the surface of the photoconductor by corona charging, but the generation of ozone is much smaller than that in the case of corona charging, and therefore contact with high environmental safety is achieved. A method in which a charging member called charging or direct charging is directly brought into contact with a photoconductor to give a charge has been studied. Although this method has high environmental safety, since the photoconductor and the charging member are in direct contact with each other, the photoconductor "increases in scraping amount", "impairs electric properties", and particularly "light-area potential of repeated charge". As a result, physical stress is applied to the photoconductor including phenomena such as `` rising '' that the cause is not clear, which increases the need to satisfy the abrasion resistance without impairing the electrical characteristics,
New technical challenges are being applied to the outermost layer of the photoreceptor. As shown above, the electrophotographic photosensitive member is required to have improved performance more than ever before by newly adding contact charging (direct charging) to the process.

【0007】[0007]

【発明の目的】本発明の目的は、表面滑り性、耐摩耗
性、及び画像品位を含めた電子写真特性の各々を高い次
元で満足し、繰り返し使用後も高品位な画像を保つ電子
写真感光体を提供することであり、潤滑剤を含有した表
面層を有す電子写真感光体に関する。
It is an object of the present invention to satisfy each of electrophotographic characteristics including surface slipperiness, abrasion resistance, and image quality at a high level, and to maintain a high quality image after repeated use. The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a surface layer containing a lubricant.

【0008】また、本発明の目的は、接触帯電(直接帯
電)にかかわる繰り返し帯電時の明部電位の上昇や削れ
量の増大、また該帯電方法や前述のクリーニングプロセ
スにかかわる問題点の解決のために表面滑り性、耐摩耗
性及び画像品位を含めた電子写真特性の各々を高い次元
で満足し、繰り返し使用後も高品位な画像を保つ電子写
真感光体を提供することである。
Another object of the present invention is to solve the problems associated with the increase in the potential of the bright portion and the increase in the amount of scraping during repetitive charging associated with contact charging (direct charging), and with the charging method and the cleaning process described above. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member which satisfies each of the electrophotographic characteristics including surface slipperiness, abrasion resistance and image quality at a high level and maintains a high quality image after repeated use.

【0009】更に、本発明の目的は、上記電子写真感光
体を有する電子写真装置を提供することである。
A further object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic apparatus having the above electrophotographic photosensitive member.

【0010】[0010]

【課題を解決するための手段】すなわち、第1の本発明
は、導電性支持体上に感光層を有する電子写真感光体に
おいて、該感光体の表面層がフッ素樹脂粉体を含有し、
該フッ素樹脂粉体が溶剤と共に高圧状態に昇圧され、該
高圧の液衝突により粉砕及び分散されたものであること
を特徴とする電子写真感光体である。
That is, the first aspect of the present invention is an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the surface layer of the photoreceptor contains a fluororesin powder,
The electrophotographic photosensitive member is characterized in that the fluororesin powder is pressurized to a high pressure state together with a solvent, and is pulverized and dispersed by the high pressure liquid collision.

【0011】第2の本発明は、接触帯電により電子写真
感光体に電圧を印加する手段を有する電子写真装置に用
い、かつ導電性支持体上に感光層を有する電子写真感光
体において、該感光体の表面層が、フッ素樹脂粉体及び
加熱処理された後再沈精製されたフッ素系グラフトポリ
マーを含有し、かつ該感光体が下記化合物(A)
The second aspect of the present invention is used in an electrophotographic apparatus having a means for applying a voltage to an electrophotographic photosensitive member by contact charging, and also provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support. The surface layer of the body contains a fluororesin powder and a fluorine-based graft polymer purified by heat treatment and then reprecipitation, and the photoreceptor has the following compound (A):

【0012】[0012]

【化3】 及び化合物(B)[Chemical 3] And compound (B)

【0013】[0013]

【化4】 を含有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体である。[Chemical 4] An electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by containing:

【0014】また、第3の本発明は、導電性支持体上に
感光層を有する電子写真感光体において、該感光体の保
護層がフッ素樹脂粉体を含有し、該フッ素樹脂粉体がバ
インダー樹脂及び溶剤と共に高圧状態に昇圧され、該高
圧の液衝突により粉砕及び分散されたものであることを
特徴とする電子写真感光体である。
The third aspect of the present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the protective layer of the photosensitive member contains a fluororesin powder, and the fluororesin powder is a binder. It is an electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized in that it is crushed and dispersed by high-pressure liquid collision with a resin and a solvent, and is crushed and dispersed.

【0015】更に、本発明は、これらの電子写真感光体
を有することを特徴とする電子写真装置である。
Further, the present invention is an electrophotographic apparatus comprising these electrophotographic photosensitive members.

【0016】まず、第1の本発明及び第3の本発明につ
いて説明する。
First, the first invention and the third invention will be described.

【0017】本発明における微細な流路に流体を圧送
し、該微細な流路での高圧の液衝突により被分散物を粉
砕及び分散させる手段としては、高圧ポンプとこれに配
管により接続された複数の小径のオリフィスを有す治具
と該オリフィスより液が吐出される際に液同志が衝突す
べく加工された治具により構成され、本発明で言うとこ
ろの高圧とは、前記高圧ポンプの吐出量、吐出圧とオリ
フィス系及び長さ、更には被分散物の粘度よりおおむね
決定され、単位面積あたりの荷重で表せば50〜140
0kg/cm2 を好適とする。このような装置の模式的
な例を図3に示す。図3を用いて装置の簡単な説明をす
れば、非分散物投入容器31より投入された被分散物
は、高圧ポンプ32の吸入〜吐出工程中に配管に充填さ
れる。高圧ポンプは、油圧シリンダーを用いたものやプ
ランジャーポンプなどが利用される。被分散物は、ポン
プの圧縮工程で液衝突治具34に圧送され1個〜数個の
オリフィス37(直径50μm〜2mm、長さ2〜10
mm)を有する治具中の移動により高圧状態での液衝突
が行われる。試料受け容器35に受けられた試料は、必
要であれば更に非分散物投入容器31に投入され所望の
物性まで繰り返し工程を採ることも可能である。更に、
熱交換システムにより配管中の液温コントロールをする
ことも可能である。なお、図中33は高圧配管、36は
圧力計、38は3方バルブである。
A fluid is pumped to a fine channel in the present invention.
Then, the material to be dispersed is powdered by high-pressure liquid collision in the fine flow path.
As means for crushing and dispersing, high pressure pump and
A jig with multiple small diameter orifices connected by pipes
And the liquids collide with each other when the liquid is discharged from the orifice.
It is composed of a jig that is processed as appropriate.
The high pressure of the filter means the discharge amount, discharge pressure and
Generally based on fiss type and length, and the viscosity of the material to be dispersed.
50 to 140 if determined and expressed as the load per unit area
0 kg / cm2 Is preferred. Schematic of such a device
Such an example is shown in FIG. A brief description of the device will be given with reference to FIG.
If so, the substance to be dispersed put in from the non-dispersed substance feeding container 31
Is filled in the pipe during the suction-discharge process of the high-pressure pump 32.
Be done. The high pressure pump uses a hydraulic cylinder or a pump.
A Langer pump is used. The material to be dispersed is
In the compression process of the
Orifice 37 (diameter 50 μm to 2 mm, length 2 to 10
(mm) in a jig with a liquid collision in high pressure
Is done. The sample received in the sample receiving container 35 must be
If necessary, it is further charged into the non-dispersed substance charging container 31
It is also possible to take repeated steps up to the physical properties. Furthermore,
Liquid temperature control in piping by heat exchange system
It is also possible. In the figure, 33 is a high pressure pipe and 36 is a high pressure pipe.
The pressure gauge, 38 is a three-way valve.

【0018】本発明で用いられるフッ素樹脂粉体として
は、四フッ化エチレン樹脂、三フッエチレン樹脂、六フ
ッ化エチレンプロピレン樹脂、フッ化ビニル樹脂、フッ
化ビニリデン樹脂、及びこれらの共重合樹脂などが好適
である。これらフッ素樹脂粉体は、通常の電子写真感光
体製造工程においては、溶剤と共に分散時、または分散
後に適当なバインダー樹脂と混合することが一般的であ
る。このようなバインダー樹脂としては、ビスフェノー
ルA骨格のポリカーボネート樹脂、ビスフェノールZ骨
格のポリカーボネート、その他のポリカーボネート樹
脂、更にはアクリル樹脂、スチレン樹脂、アクリル−ス
チレン共重合樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹
脂、ポリアリレート樹脂、ポリサルフォン樹脂などを、
単独で用いても複数の樹脂を用いてもよい。
The fluororesin powder used in the present invention includes tetrafluoroethylene resin, trifluoroethylene resin, hexafluoroethylenepropylene resin, vinyl fluoride resin, vinylidene fluoride resin, and copolymer resins of these. It is suitable. These fluororesin powders are generally mixed with a suitable binder resin during or after dispersion with a solvent in the usual electrophotographic photoreceptor manufacturing process. Examples of such a binder resin include a polycarbonate resin having a bisphenol A skeleton, a polycarbonate having a bisphenol Z skeleton, other polycarbonate resins, and further an acrylic resin, a styrene resin, an acrylic-styrene copolymer resin, a polyester resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyarylate resin. , Polysulfone resin, etc.
They may be used alone or in combination of a plurality of resins.

【0019】また、本発明の感光体の表面層(保護層を
設けた場合は保護層が表面層となる)には、感光材料の
添加や、潤滑剤を分散させるための分散助剤や界面活性
剤、さらに増感剤や酸化防止剤などの添加剤の添加も可
能である。
Further, the surface layer of the photoreceptor of the present invention (when the protective layer is provided, the protective layer serves as the surface layer), a dispersion aid or an interface for adding a photosensitive material or dispersing a lubricant. It is also possible to add activators and further additives such as sensitizers and antioxidants.

【0020】本発明の感光体は、その表面に潤滑である
ところのフッ素樹脂粉体を有効な量まで、凝集等のない
均一な分散状態で含有することが可能で、従って適正な
表面すべり性、潤滑性及び耐摩耗性を有することができ
る。
The photoconductor of the present invention can contain an effective amount of the fluororesin powder, which is a lubricant, on its surface in a uniformly dispersed state without aggregation and the like, and thus has an appropriate surface slip property. , Can have lubricity and wear resistance.

【0021】次に、第2の本発明について説明する。Next, the second invention will be described.

【0022】本発明においてフッ素樹脂粉体は、感光体
の層中にムラ無く均一に分散されていることが好まし
く、フッ素樹脂粉体はその量に応じて効果も増大するも
のであるが感光層中にフッ素樹脂粉体を均一に分散させ
ることは容易ではない。この均一に分散させる目的のた
めにフッ素系グラフトポリマーを添加しているが、該フ
ッ素系グラフトポリマーはフッ素樹脂に対し顕著な分散
性を示す反面、重合時に残存するモノマー成分や有機塩
類に代表される不純物が感光層中の感光材料に作用し、
そのままでは残留電位の上昇を引き起こし、結果的に繰
り返し使用時の画像カブリの原因となっていた。また、
これらの不純物は通常の精製では除去し切れず、さまざ
まな検討の結果、本発明の様な加熱後再沈精製を施すこ
とにより機能を損なわず電子写真特性も改善することが
判明した。
In the present invention, the fluororesin powder is preferably uniformly dispersed in the layer of the photoconductor, and the effect of the fluororesin powder increases depending on the amount of the photoresin layer. It is not easy to uniformly disperse the fluororesin powder therein. A fluorine-based graft polymer is added for the purpose of uniformly dispersing it. The fluorine-based graft polymer exhibits remarkable dispersibility with respect to the fluororesin, but is typified by the monomer components and organic salts remaining during polymerization. Impurities that act on the photosensitive material in the photosensitive layer,
As it is, it causes an increase in residual potential, resulting in image fog during repeated use. Also,
These impurities cannot be completely removed by ordinary refining, and as a result of various investigations, it has been found that the reprecipitation refining after heating as in the present invention does not impair the function and improves electrophotographic characteristics.

【0023】加熱処理温度としては、ポリマーのガラス
転移点以上で、かつポリマーが分解しない温度が好まし
く本発明に用いるフッ素系グラフトポリマーの場合、6
0〜250℃が好ましく、特に好ましくは80〜200
℃である。再沈精製とは、被精製物を良溶媒中に溶解さ
せ、この溶液を被精製物の貧溶媒中に滴下して精製する
方法であるが、本発明のフッ素系クシ型グラフトポリマ
ーの精製に用いる溶媒としては、良溶媒として、メチル
エチルケトン、アセトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シ
クロヘキサノンなどのケトン類;ジエチルエーテル、テ
トラヒドロフランなどのエーテル類;酢酸エチル、酢酸
ブチルなどのエステル類;トルエン、ベンゼンなどの炭
化水素類;クロロベンゼン等のハロゲン化炭化水素類な
どが、また貧溶媒として、メタノール、エタノール、ブ
タノール、イソプロピルアルコールなどのアルコール
類;水などが挙げられる。
The heat treatment temperature is preferably a temperature above the glass transition point of the polymer and at which the polymer does not decompose, and in the case of the fluorine-based graft polymer used in the present invention, 6
0-250 degreeC is preferable, Especially preferably, it is 80-200.
℃. The reprecipitation purification is a method in which the substance to be purified is dissolved in a good solvent, and this solution is added dropwise to a poor solvent of the substance to be purified, and is used for the purification of the fluorine-based comb-type graft polymer of the present invention. As the solvent to be used, good solvents include ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; hydrocarbons such as toluene and benzene. Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene and the like, and poor solvents include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, butanol and isopropyl alcohol; water and the like.

【0024】本発明で使用されるフッ素系クシ型グラフ
トポリマーは、各分子鎖の片末端に重合性の官能基を有
する分子量が1000から10000の比較的低分子量
のオリゴマーからなるマクロモノマーとフッ素系重合性
モノマーを共重合して得られるものであり、フッ素系重
合体が幹にマクロモノマー重合体が板状にぶら下がった
構造を有している。マクロモノマーにはグラフトポリマ
ーを添加する樹脂に親和性のあるものが選択され、例え
ばアクリル酸エステル類、メタクリル酸エステル類ある
いはスチレン化合物などの重合体や共重合体などが用ら
れる。一方、フッ素系重合性モノマーとしては、以下
(1)〜(6)の様な側鎖にフッ素原子を有する重合性
モノマーの1種あるいは2種以上が用いられる。
The fluorine-based comb-type graft polymer used in the present invention comprises a macromonomer composed of a relatively low molecular weight oligomer having a polymerizable functional group at one end of each molecular chain and a relatively low molecular weight oligomer, and a fluorine-based polymer. It is obtained by copolymerizing a polymerizable monomer, and has a structure in which a fluoropolymer is a backbone and a macromonomer polymer is hung in a plate shape. As the macromonomer, one having an affinity for the resin to which the graft polymer is added is selected, and for example, polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters or styrene compounds are used. On the other hand, as the fluorine-based polymerizable monomer, one or more of the polymerizable monomers having a fluorine atom in the side chain as described in (1) to (6) below are used.

【0025】[0025]

【化5】 [Chemical 5]

【0026】(式中R1 は水素原子またはメチル基を表
す。R2 は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アル
コキシ基またはニトリル基を表し、またこれらの組み合
わせでも良い。nは1以上の整数、mは1〜5の整数、
kは1〜4の整数を表しm+k=5である。)フッ素系
グラフトポリマー中におけるフッ素系モノマー残基の含
量は、フッ素系グラフトポリマー中5〜90重量%が好
ましく、10〜70重量%が更に好ましい。フッ素系モ
ノマー残基の含量が5重量%より少ないと疎水化の改質
効果は充分に発揮できず、またフッ素系モノマー残基の
含量が90重量%を越えるとマクロモノマーとの相溶性
が悪くなる。得られたフッ素系クシ型グラフトポリマー
には、重合時に残存するモノマー成分や有機塩類が存在
するので電子写真特性を満足させるため本発明の精製方
法を採ることが必要である。
(Where R1 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
You R2 Is a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group,
Represents a Coxy group or a Nitrile group and their combination
You can even mix them. n is an integer of 1 or more, m is an integer of 1 to 5,
k represents an integer of 1 to 4 and m + k = 5. ) Fluorine
Containing Fluorine-based Monomer Residue in Graft Polymer
The amount is preferably 5 to 90% by weight in the fluorine-based graft polymer.
It is more preferably 10 to 70% by weight. Fluorine type
Modification of hydrophobization when the content of nomer residues is less than 5% by weight
The effect cannot be fully exerted, and the fluorine-based monomer residue
Compatibility with macromonomers if the content exceeds 90% by weight
Becomes worse. Fluorine-based graft polymer obtained
Contains residual monomer components and organic salts during polymerization.
In order to satisfy the electrophotographic characteristics, the refining method of the present invention
It is necessary to adopt the law.

【0027】このようにして得られた加熱後再沈精製さ
れたフッ素系クシ型グラフトポリマーを用いて前述のフ
ッ素含有樹脂の粉体を感光層中に分散させる。
The powder of the above-mentioned fluorine-containing resin is dispersed in the photosensitive layer using the thus obtained fluorine-based comb-type graft polymer which has been reprecipitated and purified after heating.

【0028】分散の方法としては通常のサンドミル、ロ
ールミル、ボールミル、アトライター、ホモジナイザー
などを用いることができるが、次の方法を用いることが
より好ましい。即ち、前述のフッ素樹脂粉体と加熱処理
した後再沈精製されたフッ素系クシ型グラフトポリマー
を溶剤と共に高圧状態に昇圧させ、該高圧の液衝突によ
り粉砕及び分散させる前述の方法である。
As a dispersing method, a usual sand mill, roll mill, ball mill, attritor, homogenizer or the like can be used, but the following method is more preferable. That is, it is the above-described method in which the above-mentioned fluororesin powder and the fluorine-based comb-type graft polymer that has been reprecipitated and refined after heat treatment are pressurized to a high pressure state together with a solvent, and pulverized and dispersed by the high-pressure liquid collision.

【0029】更に、第2の本発明は、感光体に下記化合
物(A)及び化合物(B)を含有させていることを特徴
とする。
Furthermore, the second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the photoreceptor contains the following compound (A) and compound (B).

【0030】[0030]

【化6】 [Chemical 6]

【0031】これらの化合物を含有させる方法として
は、分散時または分散後のいずれであってもよい。さら
に本発明の感光体には、界面活性剤、増感剤や酸化防止
剤などの添加剤の添加も可能である。
The method of incorporating these compounds may be either during dispersion or after dispersion. Furthermore, additives such as a surfactant, a sensitizer and an antioxidant can be added to the photoreceptor of the present invention.

【0032】次に、第1の本発明、第2の本発明及び第
3の本発明に共通する事項について説明する。
Next, items common to the first invention, the second invention and the third invention will be described.

【0033】本発明における電子写真感光体の構成を示
す。支持体としては、鉄、銅、金、銀、アルミニウム、
亜鉛、鉛、錫、チタン、ニッケルなどの金属や合金、あ
るいはこれら金属類の酸化物、カーボン、導電性ポリマ
ー成形品などが使用可能である。また、紙、プラスチッ
ク、セラミック等の非導電材料に導電性塗料、蒸着等の
導電処理を施して用いられる場合もある。支持体の形状
は、円筒状、円柱状などのドラム形状や、シート状及び
ベルト状のものとがある。支持体と感光層の間に更に導
電層を設けたり、感光層と支持体または導電層との密着
性や電気特性を改善する目的で中間層を設けることもで
きる。中間層は、カゼイン、ポリビニルアルコール、ニ
トロセルロース、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリエステ
ル、ポリウレタン、ゼラチン、ポリアミド(ナイロン
6、ナイロン66、ナイロン610、共重合ナイロン、
アルコキシメチル化ナイロン)、酸化アルミニウムなど
によって形成できる。中間層の膜厚は、0.1〜10μ
m、好ましくは0.3〜3.0μmが適当である。本発
明は、電荷発生材料を含む電荷発生層と電荷輸送材料を
含む電荷輸送層とを積層した積層感光体や、電荷発生材
料と電荷輸送材料とが単一層に含まれた単層感光体、ま
た、これら積層及び単層感光体のうち表面層として保護
層を持つ感光体に用いることができる。電荷発生材料と
しては、フタロシアニン顔料、多環キノン顔料、トリス
アゾ顔料、ジスアゾ顔料、アゾ顔料、ペリレン顔料、イ
ンジゴ顔料、キナクリドン顔料、アズレニウム塩染料、
スクワリウム染料、シアニン染料、ピリリウム染料、チ
オピリリウム染料、キサンテン染料、トリフェニルメタ
ン染料、スチリル染料、セレン、セレン−テルル合金、
アモルファスシリコン、硫化カドミウムなどが挙げられ
る。顔料及び染料系の電荷発生材料はバインダー樹脂中
に分散して塗料として用いられるのが一般的であるが、
このようなバインダー樹脂としては、ポリビニルブチラ
ール、ポリビニルベンザール、ポリアリレート、ポリカ
ーボネート、ポリエステル、ポリエステル、ポリウレタ
ン、フェノキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂、セルロース系樹脂
などが好ましい。
The constitution of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention will be shown. As the support, iron, copper, gold, silver, aluminum,
Metals and alloys such as zinc, lead, tin, titanium and nickel, oxides of these metals, carbon and molded products of conductive polymers can be used. In addition, a non-conductive material such as paper, plastic, or ceramic may be used after being subjected to conductive treatment such as conductive coating or vapor deposition. The shape of the support includes a drum shape such as a cylindrical shape and a cylindrical shape, a sheet shape, and a belt shape. A conductive layer may be further provided between the support and the photosensitive layer, or an intermediate layer may be provided for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the photosensitive layer and the support or the conductive layer and the electrical characteristics. The intermediate layer is casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, polyvinyl butyral, polyester, polyurethane, gelatin, polyamide (nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610, copolymer nylon,
Alkoxymethylated nylon), aluminum oxide or the like. The thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.1 to 10 μm.
m, preferably 0.3 to 3.0 μm. The present invention relates to a laminated photoreceptor in which a charge generating layer containing a charge generating material and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transporting material are laminated, and a single layer photoreceptor containing a charge generating material and a charge transporting material in a single layer, Further, it can be used for a photoreceptor having a protective layer as a surface layer among these laminated and single-layer photoreceptors. As the charge generating material, phthalocyanine pigment, polycyclic quinone pigment, trisazo pigment, disazo pigment, azo pigment, perylene pigment, indigo pigment, quinacridone pigment, azurenium salt dye,
Squarium dye, cyanine dye, pyrylium dye, thiopyrylium dye, xanthene dye, triphenylmethane dye, styryl dye, selenium, selenium-tellurium alloy,
Examples include amorphous silicon and cadmium sulfide. Generally, pigment and dye-based charge generating materials are dispersed in a binder resin and used as a paint.
As such a binder resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl benzal, polyarylate, polycarbonate, polyester, polyester, polyurethane, phenoxy resin, acrylic resin, cellulose resin and the like are preferable.

【0034】電荷輸送材料の例としては、ピレン化合
物、N−アルキルカルバゾール化合物、ヒドラゾン化合
物、N,Nジアルキルアニリン化合物、ジフェニルアミ
ン化合物、トリフェニルアミン化合物、トリフェニルメ
タン化合物、ピラゾリン化合物、スチリル化合物、スチ
ルベン化合物、ポリニトロ化合物、ポリシアノ化合物な
どが挙げられる。これら電荷輸送材料は、バインダー樹
脂中に溶解させ塗料として用いられるのが一般的である
が、バインダー樹脂としては、ポリカーボネート、ポリ
エステル、ポリウレタン、ポリサルホン、ポリアミド、
ポリアリレート、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリビニルブチ
ラール、フェノキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂、アクリロニト
リル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ
樹脂、アルキド樹脂などが挙げられる。これら電荷発生
材料、電荷輸送材料は、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層として
積層感光体の形態としてもよく、混合して単層感光体の
形態も採れ、最も表面となる層に本発明を適用できる。
また、積層及び単層感光体の表面に保護層等の表面層を
設ける場合も本発明が適用できる。
Examples of charge transport materials include pyrene compounds, N-alkylcarbazole compounds, hydrazone compounds, N, N dialkylaniline compounds, diphenylamine compounds, triphenylamine compounds, triphenylmethane compounds, pyrazoline compounds, styryl compounds, stilbenes. Examples thereof include compounds, polynitro compounds, polycyano compounds, and the like. These charge transport materials are generally used as a paint by dissolving them in a binder resin, but as the binder resin, polycarbonate, polyester, polyurethane, polysulfone, polyamide,
Examples thereof include polyarylate, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl butyral, phenoxy resin, acrylic resin, acrylonitrile resin, methacrylic resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin and alkyd resin. These charge generating material and charge transporting material may be in the form of a laminated photoreceptor as the charge generating layer and charge transporting layer, or may be mixed to form a single layer photoreceptor, and the present invention can be applied to the outermost layer. .
The present invention can also be applied to the case where a surface layer such as a protective layer is provided on the surface of the laminated or single-layer photoconductor.

【0035】図1に本発明の電子写真感光体を用いた転
写式電子写真装置の概略構成例を示した。
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural example of a transfer type electrophotographic apparatus using the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

【0036】図において、1は像担持体としての本発明
のドラム型感光体であり軸1aを中心に矢印方向に所定
の周速度で回転駆動される。該感光体1はその回転過程
で帯電手段2によりその周面に正または負の所定電位の
均一帯電を受け、次いで露光部3にて不図示の像露光手
段により光像露光L(スリット露光・レーザービーム走
査露光など)を受ける。これにより感光体周面に露光像
に対応した静電潜像が順次形成されていく。
In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a drum type photosensitive member of the present invention as an image bearing member, which is rotationally driven around a shaft 1a in a direction of an arrow at a predetermined peripheral speed. The photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged at its peripheral surface by a charging unit 2 at a predetermined positive or negative potential in the course of its rotation, and then at an exposure unit 3 an optical image exposure L (slit exposure Laser beam scanning exposure). As a result, electrostatic latent images corresponding to the exposed image are sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor.

【0037】その静電潜像はついで現像手段4でトナー
現像されそのトナー現像像が転写手段5により不図示の
給紙部から感光体1と転写手段5との間に感光体1の回
転と同期取り出されて給紙された転写材Pの面に順次転
写されていく。
The electrostatic latent image is then toner-developed by the developing means 4, and the toner-developed image is rotated by the transfer means 5 between the photoconductor 1 and the transfer means 5 from a paper feeding portion (not shown). The images are sequentially transferred onto the surface of the transfer material P that is synchronously taken out and fed.

【0038】その静電潜像はついで現像手段4でトナー
現像されそのトナー現像像が転写手段5により不図示の
給紙部から感光体1と転写手段5との間に感光体1の回
転と同期取り出されて給紙された転写材Pの面に順次転
写されていく。
The electrostatic latent image is then toner-developed by the developing means 4 and the toner-developed image is rotated by the transfer means 5 between the photosensitive member 1 and the transfer means 5 from a paper feeding portion (not shown). The images are sequentially transferred onto the surface of the transfer material P that is synchronously taken out and fed.

【0039】像転写を受けた転写材Pは感光体面から分
離されて像定着手段8へ導入されて像定着を受けて複写
物(コピー)として機外へプリントアウトされる。
The transfer material P which has received the image transfer is separated from the surface of the photoconductor and is introduced into the image fixing means 8 where the image is fixed and is printed out as a copy.

【0040】像転写後の感光体1の表面はクリーニング
手段6にて転写残りトナーの除去を受けて清浄面化さ
れ、更に前露光手段7により除電処理されて繰り返して
像形成に使用される。
After the image transfer, the surface of the photosensitive member 1 is cleaned by the cleaning unit 6 to remove residual toner after transfer, and is further discharged by the pre-exposure unit 7 to be repeatedly used for image formation.

【0041】感光体1の均一帯電手段2としてはコロナ
帯電装置が一般に広く使用されている。また転写装置5
もコロナ転写手段が一般に広く使用されている。電子写
真装置として、上述の感光体や現像手段、クリーニング
手段などの構成要素のうち、複数のものを装置ユニット
として一体に結合して構成し、このユニットを装置本体
に対して着脱自在に構成しても良い。例えば、感光体1
とクリーニング手段6とを一体化してひとつの装置ユニ
ットとし、装置本体のレールなどの案内手段を用いて着
脱自在の構成にしても良い。このとき、上記の装置ユニ
ットの方に帯電手段および/または現像手段を伴って構
成しても良い。
As the uniform charging means 2 for the photosensitive member 1, a corona charging device is generally widely used. In addition, the transfer device 5
Corona transfer means are also widely used. The electrophotographic apparatus is configured by integrally combining a plurality of constituent elements such as the photoconductor, the developing unit, and the cleaning unit described above as an apparatus unit, and the unit is configured to be detachable from the apparatus body. May be. For example, the photoconductor 1
Alternatively, the cleaning unit 6 and the cleaning unit 6 may be integrated into one unit, and may be detachably configured by using a guide unit such as a rail of the apparatus main body. At this time, the above device unit may be provided with a charging unit and / or a developing unit.

【0042】光像露光Lは、電子写真装置を複写機やプ
リンターとして使用する場合には、原稿からの反射光や
透過光、あるいは原稿を読取り信号化し、この信号に基
いてレーザームービを走査したり、LEDアレイを駆動
したり、または液晶シャッターアレイを駆動することな
どにより行われる。
When the electrophotographic apparatus is used as a copying machine or a printer, the light image exposure L is reflected light or transmitted light from a document, or the document is read and converted into a signal, and the laser movie is scanned based on this signal. Or driving an LED array or a liquid crystal shutter array.

【0043】本発明の電子写真装置をファクシミリのプ
リンターとして使用する場合には、光像露光Lは受信デ
ータをプリントするための露光になる。図2はこの場合
の1例をブロック図で示したものである。
When the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention is used as a printer for a facsimile, the light image exposure L becomes an exposure for printing received data. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of this case.

【0044】コントローラ11は画像読取部10とプリ
ンター19を制御する。コントローラ11の全体はCP
U17により制御されている。画像読取部10からの読
取データは、送信回路13を通して相手局に送信され
る。相手局から受けたデータは受信回路12を通してプ
リンター19に送られる。画像メモリ16には所定の画
像データが記憶される。プリンタコントローラ18はプ
リンター19を制御している。14は電話である。
The controller 11 controls the image reading section 10 and the printer 19. The entire controller 11 is CP
It is controlled by U17. The read data from the image reading unit 10 is transmitted to the partner station through the transmission circuit 13. The data received from the partner station is sent to the printer 19 through the receiving circuit 12. The image memory 16 stores predetermined image data. The printer controller 18 controls the printer 19. 14 is a telephone.

【0045】回線15から受信された画像情報(回線を
介して接続されたリモート端末からの画像情報)は、受
信回路12で復調された後、CPU17で復号処理が行
われ、順次画像メモリ16に格納される。そして、少な
くとも1ページの画像情報がメモリ16に格納される
と、そのページの画像記録を行なう。CPU17は、メ
モリ16より1ページの画像情報を読み出し、プリンタ
コントローラ18に復号化された1ページの画像情報を
送出する。プリンタコントローラ18は、CPU17か
らの1ページの画像情報を受け取るとそのページの画像
情報記録を行なうべく、プリンター19を制御する。
The image information received from the line 15 (image information from a remote terminal connected via the line) is demodulated by the receiving circuit 12, then decoded by the CPU 17, and sequentially stored in the image memory 16. Is stored. When the image information of at least one page is stored in the memory 16, the image recording of that page is performed. The CPU 17 reads out one page of image information from the memory 16 and sends the decoded one page of image information to the printer controller 18. Upon receiving the image information of one page from the CPU 17, the printer controller 18 controls the printer 19 to record the image information of the page.

【0046】尚、CPU17は、プリンター19による
記録中に、次のページの受信を行なっている。
The CPU 17 is receiving the next page while the printer 19 is recording.

【0047】以上の様にして、画像の受信と記録が行な
われる。
Images are received and recorded as described above.

【0048】本発明の電子写真感光体は電子写真複写機
に利用するのみならず、レーザービームプリンター、C
RTプリンター、LEDプリンター、液晶プリンター、
レーザー製版など電子写真応用分野にも広く用いること
ができる。
The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention can be used not only in electrophotographic copying machines but also in laser beam printers, C
RT printer, LED printer, liquid crystal printer,
It can be widely used in electrophotographic application fields such as laser plate making.

【0049】[0049]

【実施例】次に、本発明を実施例を用いてさらに詳しく
説明する。
EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples.

【0050】以下、第1の本発明の実施例を挙げる。 (実施例1)テトラフルオロエチレン樹脂粉体(商品
名:ルブロンL−2、ダイキン工業製)10重量部とク
シ型フッ素グラフトポリマー型界面活性剤(商品名:ア
ロンGF300、東亜合成化学製)固形分として0.4
重量部をモノクロロベンゼン60重量部に混合、撹拌し
た後、図3に示した装置で分散処理を実施した。分散時
の処理圧力は、600kg/cm2 となるようポンプス
トロークで調整した。
The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below. (Example 1) Tetrafluoroethylene resin powder (product
Name: Lubron L-2, manufactured by Daikin Industries) 10 parts by weight and
Si-type fluorine graft polymer type surfactant (Product name: A
Ron GF300, manufactured by Toagosei) 0.4 as solid content
60 parts by weight of monochlorobenzene are mixed and stirred.
After that, dispersion processing was performed with the apparatus shown in FIG. When distributed
Processing pressure is 600kg / cm2 Pumps to be
Adjusted with trokes.

【0051】吐出口より得られた液を再度投入し合計5
回までの高圧処理がされた被分散物をそれぞれ得た。高
圧処理回数に対するテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂粉体の
粒度分布を堀場製作所製粒度分布計(商品名:CAPA
500)で測定した結果を表1に示す。
The liquid obtained from the discharge port was charged again to make a total of 5
Each of the materials to be dispersed that had been subjected to the high-pressure treatment up to once was obtained. The particle size distribution of tetrafluoroethylene resin powder with respect to the number of high-pressure treatments was measured by Horiba Seisakusho (trade name: CAPA).
The results measured in 500) are shown in Table 1.

【0052】(比較例1)実施例1において使用した高
圧処理に代わって通常のガラスビーズを用いたサンドミ
ル装置を用いた以外は、実施例1と全く同様な処理を実
施した。なおサンドミル装置のディスク回転数は50
0,1000及び2000rpmとし、処理時間はそれ
ぞれの回転数において30,60及び120分とした。
これら各条件で得られた分散液に実施例1と同様な粒度
分布測定を実施し、結果を表1に示す。
(Comparative Example 1) The same treatment as in Example 1 was carried out except that a sand mill apparatus using ordinary glass beads was used instead of the high pressure treatment used in Example 1. The number of disk rotations of the sand mill device is 50.
The processing time was set to 0, 1000 and 2000 rpm, and the processing time was set to 30, 60 and 120 minutes at each rotation speed.
The dispersion obtained under each of these conditions was subjected to the same particle size distribution measurement as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

【0053】[0053]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0054】(実施例2)ポリアミド(商品名:CM−
8000、東レ製)10重量部、メタノール100重量
部及びブタノール80重量部を混合溶解した後、外径3
0mm、肉厚0.8mm及び長さ357.5mmのアル
ミニウムシリンダー上に浸漬塗布し、乾燥後膜厚0.5
0μmの中間層を設けた。
Example 2 Polyamide (trade name: CM-
8000, manufactured by Toray) 10 parts by weight, 100 parts by weight of methanol and 80 parts by weight of butanol were mixed and dissolved, and then the outer diameter was 3
It is applied by dipping on an aluminum cylinder of 0 mm, wall thickness 0.8 mm and length 357.5 mm, and after drying it has a film thickness of 0.5.
A 0 μm intermediate layer was provided.

【0055】次に下記ジスアゾ顔料18重量部、Next, 18 parts by weight of the following disazo pigment,

【0056】[0056]

【化7】 [Chemical 7]

【0057】下記ポリビニル(p−フルオロ)ベンザー
ル樹脂
The following polyvinyl (p-fluoro) benzal resin

【0058】[0058]

【化8】 [Chemical 8]

【0059】(重量平均分子量(1.6±0.3)×1
5 、ベンザール化度80〜70)10重量部、及びシ
クロヘキサノン800重量部をガラスビーズを用いたサ
ンドミル装置で分散し、電荷発生層塗料を得た。この塗
料を前記中間層上に浸漬塗布し乾燥後付着量200mg
/m2 の電荷発生層を得た。
(Weight average molecular weight (1.6 ± 0.3) × 1
0Five , Benzalization degree 80-70) 10 parts by weight, and
800 parts by weight of chlorhexanone is used as a support using glass beads.
It was dispersed by a hand mill to obtain a charge generation layer coating material. This paint
After coating the above intermediate layer by dip coating and drying, the applied amount is 200mg
/ M2 To obtain a charge generation layer.

【0060】次に、実施例1で得られたテトラフルオロ
エチレン樹脂粉体分散液(高圧処理2回品)70重量部
にビスフェノールZタイプポリカーボネート樹脂(粘度
による分子量22000、商品名:ユーピロンZ20
0、三菱瓦斯化学製)50重量部をモノクロロベンゼン
120重量部とジクロロメタン50重量部と共に加え、
溶解させ、この溶解液に下記構造式で示される化合物5
0重量部
Next, 70 parts by weight of the tetrafluoroethylene resin powder dispersion liquid (a product subjected to high-pressure treatment twice) obtained in Example 1 was added to a bisphenol Z type polycarbonate resin (molecular weight depending on viscosity: 22000, trade name: Iupilon Z20).
0, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) 50 parts by weight together with 120 parts by weight of monochlorobenzene and 50 parts by weight of dichloromethane,
The compound 5 represented by the following structural formula is dissolved in the solution.
0 parts by weight

【0061】[0061]

【化9】 [Chemical 9]

【0062】を溶解させ電荷輸送層塗料とし、前記電荷
発生層上に浸漬塗布し、乾燥後膜厚25μmの電荷輸送
層を設けた。このようにして得られた感光体を実施感光
体(a)とした。
Was dissolved to form a charge transport layer coating composition, which was applied onto the charge generation layer by dip coating and dried to form a charge transport layer having a film thickness of 25 μm. The photoconductor thus obtained was used as an actual photoconductor (a).

【0063】(比較例2)実施例2においてテトラフル
オロエチレン樹脂粉体分散液を比較例1で示した中で2
000rpm×120minの条件の分散液を用いた以
外は、実施例2と全く同様な感光体を作成し比較感光体
(a)とした。
(Comparative Example 2) The tetrafluoroethylene resin powder dispersion liquid in Example 2 was 2 out of those shown in Comparative Example 1.
A photoconductor was prepared in exactly the same manner as in Example 2 except that the dispersion liquid under the condition of 000 rpm × 120 min was used, and was used as a comparative photoconductor (a).

【0064】このようにして得られた実施感光体
(a)、及び比較感光体(a)についてキヤノン製PP
Cコピー機(NP−6030)を用いて行った。評価方
法を以下に示し、評価結果を表2に示す。
Regarding the working photoconductor (a) and the comparative photoconductor (a) thus obtained, PP manufactured by Canon Inc.
It was performed using a C copier (NP-6030). The evaluation methods are shown below, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

【0065】『電位』は、暗部電位−650Vとした場
合の0.9Lux・secの像露光照射した際の電位、
及び強露光後の残留電位を初期と連続実焼きコピー4万
枚後に測定したものである。
The "potential" is the potential when the image exposure irradiation of 0.9 Lux.sec is performed when the dark part potential is -650V.
And the residual potential after strong exposure was measured at the initial stage and after 40,000 continuous actual baking copies.

【0066】『感光体欠陥』は、感光体表面の目視観察
によるテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂粉体の凝集物の感光
体への付着を意味する。
"Photoreceptor defect" means the adhesion of an aggregate of tetrafluoroethylene resin powder to the photoreceptor by visual observation of the photoreceptor surface.

【0067】『耐久削れ性』では連続実焼きコピー4万
枚後の感光体削れ量を示した。
The "durability of abrasion resistance" indicates the amount of abrasion of the photoconductor after 40,000 continuous actual burning copies.

【0068】『画像評価』では同じく連続コピー時の初
期及び4万枚後の画像品位を示す。
In the "image evaluation", similarly, the image quality at the initial stage after continuous copying and after 40,000 sheets are shown.

【0069】[0069]

【表2】 [Table 2]

【0070】(実施例3)電荷発生層までは実施例2と
全く同様な試料を準備した。次に、実施例1で示したテ
トラフルオロエチレン樹脂粉体分散液をそれぞれ35
部、70部及び105部にビスフェノールZタイプポリ
カーボネート樹脂(粘度による分子量22000、商品
名:ユーピロンZ200、三菱瓦斯化学製)50重量部
をモノクロロベンゼン120重量部とジクロロメタン5
0重量部と共に加え、溶解させ、この溶解液に下記構造
式で示される化合物50部、
Example 3 The same sample as in Example 2 was prepared up to the charge generation layer. Next, each of the tetrafluoroethylene resin powder dispersion liquids shown in Example 1
50 parts by weight of bisphenol Z type polycarbonate resin (molecular weight 22,000 depending on viscosity, trade name: Iupilon Z200, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) in 120 parts, 70 parts and 105 parts, 120 parts by weight of monochlorobenzene and 5 parts of dichloromethane.
0 parts by weight was added and dissolved, and 50 parts of a compound represented by the following structural formula was dissolved in the solution:

【0071】[0071]

【化10】 [Chemical 10]

【0072】を溶解させ電荷輸送層塗料として電荷発生
層上に浸漬塗布し、乾燥後膜厚25μmの電荷輸送層を
設けた。このようにして得られた感光体を実施感光体
(b),(c),(d)とした。
Was dissolved and applied as a charge transport layer coating material onto the charge generation layer by dip coating, and after drying, a charge transport layer having a film thickness of 25 μm was provided. The photoconductors thus obtained were designated as the photoconductors (b), (c) and (d).

【0073】このようにして得られた実施感光体
(b),(c),(d)について実施例2で示した方法
と全く同様な評価を行なった。結果を表3に示す。
The thus-obtained photoconductors (b), (c), and (d) were evaluated in exactly the same manner as the method shown in Example 2. The results are shown in Table 3.

【0074】[0074]

【表3】 [Table 3]

【0075】以下、第2の本発明の実施例を挙げる。The second embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

【0076】(実施例4) <フッ素系グラフトポリマーの合成>フッ素系グラフト
ポリマーの合成は、特開昭58−164656号公報に
開示されているチオグリコール酸を連鎖移動剤とし、グ
リシジルメタクリレートにて末端二重結合を導入するマ
クロマー合成法をベースにして実施した。
Example 4 <Synthesis of Fluorine-Based Graft Polymer> The synthesis of a fluorine-based graft polymer was carried out by using glycidyl methacrylate as a chain transfer agent using thioglycolic acid disclosed in JP-A-58-164656. It was carried out based on the macromer synthesis method introducing a terminal double bond.

【0077】このマクロマーが非フッ素系セグメントの
場合には、フッ素系重合性単量体と共重合を行ない、ま
たマクロマーがフッ素系セグメントの場合には、非フッ
素系重合性単量体と共重合を行ない、フッ素系グラフト
ポリマーを合成した。 (i)フッ素系グラフトポリマー (a)末端メタクリレート型メチルメタクリレートマク
ロマーの合成 撹拌後、遷流冷却器、滴下ロート、温度計およびガス吹
込口を取り付けたガラスフラスコにメチルメタクリレー
ト(以下、MMAと略記する)を10部とアセトン(1
7.5%)−トルエン混合溶剤90部を仕込み、N2
入後、還流下に重合開始剤としてアゾビスイソブチロニ
トリル(以下、AIBNと略記する)0.5部と連鎖移
動剤としてチオグリコール酸0.35部を加えて重合を
開始させた。その後、5時間の間にMMA90部を連続
的に滴下し、またチオグリコール酸2.9部をトルエン
10部に溶解して、30分毎、9回に分けて追加、同様
にAIBN 1.5部を1時間毎、4回に分けて追加
し、重合を行なった。
This macromer has a non-fluorine segment
In some cases, copolymerize with a fluoropolymerizable monomer, or
If the macromer is a fluorine-based segment,
Fluorine-based grafting by co-polymerization with elementary polymerizable monomers
A polymer was synthesized. (I) Fluorine-based graft polymer (a) Terminal methacrylate type methyl methacrylate
Synthesis of Romer After stirring, a continuous flow cooler, dropping funnel, thermometer and gas blower
Put a methylmethacrylate in a glass flask equipped with an inlet.
10 parts (hereinafter abbreviated as MMA) and acetone (1
(7.5%)-Toluene mixed solvent 90 parts was charged, and N was added.2 Guide
After the addition, azobisisobutyroni
Trill (hereinafter abbreviated as AIBN) 0.5 parts and chain transfer
Polymerization was carried out by adding 0.35 part of thioglycolic acid as a kinetics.
Let it start. After that, 90 parts of MMA are continuously used within 5 hours
Dropwise, and 2.9 parts of thioglycolic acid was added to toluene.
Dissolve in 10 parts and add every 30 minutes in 9 batches.
Add 1.5 parts of AIBN every 4 hours in 4 steps
Then, polymerization was carried out.

【0078】さらにその後、2時間還流して重合を終了
し、下記構造式(I)のポリマー溶液を得た。
After that, the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours to complete the polymerization, and a polymer solution of the following structural formula (I) was obtained.

【0079】反応温度は77〜87℃であった。反応液
の一部をn−ヘキサンにて再沈、乾燥して酸価を測定し
たところ、0.350mg等量/gであった。
The reaction temperature was 77 to 87 ° C. A part of the reaction solution was reprecipitated with n-hexane and dried to measure the acid value, which was 0.350 mg equivalent / g.

【0080】構造式(I)Structural formula (I)

【0081】[0081]

【化11】 [Chemical 11]

【0082】次に上記反応液からアセトンの一部を留去
した後、触媒としてトリエチルアミン0.5%、重合開
始剤としてハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテル250p
pmを添加し、酸価に対して1.2倍モルのグリシジル
メタクリレートを加え、還流下(約110℃)に12時
間反応させた。酸価の減少から求めた反応率は96%で
あった。
Next, after part of the acetone was distilled off from the above reaction solution, triethylamine 0.5% as a catalyst and hydroquinone monomethyl ether 250 p as a polymerization initiator.
pm was added, 1.2 times mol of glycidyl methacrylate was added to the acid value, and the mixture was reacted under reflux (about 110 ° C.) for 12 hours. The reaction rate calculated from the decrease in acid value was 96%.

【0083】反応液を10倍量のn−ヘキサン中に投
入、再沈させた後、80℃で減圧乾燥して、下記構造式
(II)のマクロモノマー85部を得た。ゲルパーミエー
ションクロマトグラフ(以下、GPCと略称する)によ
るポリスチレン換算分子量は、2780(数平均)およ
び6350(重量平均)であった。
The reaction solution was poured into 10-fold amount of n-hexane, reprecipitated, and dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. to obtain 85 parts of a macromonomer represented by the following structural formula (II). The polystyrene reduced molecular weights measured by gel permeation chromatography (hereinafter abbreviated as GPC) were 2780 (number average) and 6350 (weight average).

【0084】構造式(II)Structural formula (II)

【0085】[0085]

【化12】 [Chemical 12]

【0086】(b)フルオロアルキルアクリレート
(幹)/メチルメタクリレート(枝)−グラフトポリマ
ーの合成 (a)と同様の装置に上記構造式(II)のマクロマー7
0部と下記構造式(III)のフルオロアルキルアクリレー
ト30部、トリフルオロトルエン(C6 5 CF3 )30
0部、AIBNを0.35部を仕込み、N2 導入、還流
下(100℃)に、5時間反応させた。
(B) Fluoroalkyl acrylate
(Stem) / methyl methacrylate (branch) -graft polymer
Synthesis of macromer 7 of the above structural formula (II) in the same apparatus as in (a)
Fluoroalkyl acrylate of the following structural formula (III) with 0 part
30 parts, trifluorotoluene (C6 HFive CF3 ) 30
0 parts, AIBN 0.35 parts were charged, N2 Introduction, reflux
The reaction was carried out below (100 ° C.) for 5 hours.

【0087】構造式(III)Structural formula (III)

【0088】[0088]

【化13】 [Chemical 13]

【0089】この反応液を10倍量のメタノール中に投
入、再沈させ、80℃減圧乾燥してグラフトポリマー6
5部を得た。
This reaction solution was poured into 10 times the amount of methanol, reprecipitated and dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. to obtain graft polymer 6
5 parts were obtained.

【0090】このものはGPCにより単一のピークを示
し、ポリスチレン換算分子量は18500(数平均)お
よび29400(重量平均)であった。
This product showed a single peak by GPC, and the polystyrene reduced molecular weights were 18500 (number average) and 29400 (weight average).

【0091】また内部標準物質としてトリフルオロトル
エンを加えて、CDCl2 溶媒にて、’H−NMRスペ
クトルを測定し、トリフルオロトルエンのHと、ポリマ
ー中のMMA単位中の−O−CH3 のHとのピーク面積
比から、グラフトポリマー中のMMA単位の含有量を求
めたところ60%であった。残り40%をフルオロアル
キルアクリレートとした。
Trifluorotoluene was used as an internal standard substance.
Add CD and CDCl2 In a solvent, the'H-NMR spectrum is
Measure the reactor and measure H of trifluorotoluene and the polymer.
-O-CH in MMA unit in3 Peak area with H
From the ratio, the content of MMA units in the graft polymer is calculated.
The result was 60%. The remaining 40% is fluoroal
It was kill acrylate.

【0092】かくしてフッ素系セグメントの含有量が4
0%のフッ素系グラフトポリマーを得た。
Thus, the content of the fluorine-based segment is 4
0% fluorine-based graft polymer was obtained.

【0093】<電子写真感光体の作製>10%の酸化ア
ンチモンを含有する酸化錫で被覆した導電性酸化チタン
粉体200重量部、白色酸化チタン粉体200重量部、
フェノール樹脂400重量部、1−メトキシ−2−プロ
パノール400重量部及びメタノール100重量部をφ
1mmガラスビーズを用いたサンドミル装置で分散して
導電性下引層塗料を調整した。
<Production of Electrophotographic Photosensitive Member> 200 parts by weight of conductive titanium oxide powder coated with tin oxide containing 10% antimony oxide, 200 parts by weight of white titanium oxide powder,
Φ of phenol resin 400 parts by weight, 1-methoxy-2-propanol 400 parts by weight and methanol 100 parts by weight
The conductive undercoat layer coating material was prepared by dispersing with a sand mill device using 1 mm glass beads.

【0094】φ30mm及び長さ357.5(肉厚0.
8mm)のアルミニウムシリンダー上に上記塗料を浸漬
塗布し、140℃で30分乾燥し、乾燥後膜厚20μの
導電性下引層を設けた。
Φ30 mm and length 357.5 (wall thickness 0.
The above coating composition was dip-coated on an aluminum cylinder (8 mm) and dried at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes, and after drying, a conductive undercoat layer having a film thickness of 20 μ was provided.

【0095】次に、N−メトキシメチル化6ナイロン9
0重量部、6−12−66−610共重合ナイロン30
重量部、メタノール500重量部及びブタノール500
重量部で中間層塗料を調整し、前記導電性下引層上に浸
漬塗布し、乾燥後膜厚0.5μmの中間層を得た。
Next, N-methoxymethylated 6 nylon 9
0 parts by weight, 6-12-66-610 copolymer nylon 30
Parts by weight, 500 parts by weight of methanol and 500 butanol
An intermediate layer coating material was prepared in an amount of 1 part by weight, dip-coated on the conductive undercoat layer, and dried to obtain an intermediate layer having a film thickness of 0.5 μm.

【0096】次に、下記構造式のジスアゾ顔料40重量
部、及び
Next, 40 parts by weight of a disazo pigment having the following structural formula, and

【0097】[0097]

【化14】 [Chemical 14]

【0098】下記構造式のポリビニルベンザール樹脂
(数平均分子量10000、ベンザール化度80)20
重量
Polyvinylbenzal resin having the following structural formula (number average molecular weight: 10,000, degree of benzalization: 80) 20
weight

【0099】[0099]

【化15】 [Chemical 15]

【0100】シクロヘキサノン1000重量部をφ1m
mガラスビーズを用いたサンドミル装置で分散し、更に
テトラヒドロフラン1000重量部を加え電荷発生層塗
料とした。この塗料を前記中間層上に浸漬塗布し乾燥後
膜厚180mg/m2 の電荷発生層を設けた。
1000 parts by weight of cyclohexanone is Φ1 m
Disperse with a sand mill device using m glass beads, and
Add 1000 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran to coat the charge generation layer
It was a fee. After dip coating this coating on the intermediate layer and drying
Film thickness 180mg / m2 Of the charge generation layer.

【0101】次に、ビスフェノールZタイプポリカーボ
ネート(商品名:ユーピロンZ200、三菱瓦斯化学
製)10重量部、テトラフルオロエチレン樹脂粉体(商
品名:ルブロンL−2、ダイキン工業製)10重量部と
本実施例で合成したフッ素系グラフトポリマー0.4重
量部をモノクロロベンゼン70重量部に混合、撹拌した
後、図1に示した装置で分散処理を実施した。分散時の
処理圧力は、600kg/cm2 となるようポンプで調
整した。吐出口より得られた液を再度、試料投入口に投
入することを繰り返し合計5回の高圧処理された被分散
物を得た。
Next, bisphenol Z type polycarbonate
Nate (Product name: Iupilon Z200, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.
10 parts by weight, tetrafluoroethylene resin powder (quote
Product name: Lubron L-2, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) 10 parts by weight
0.4 weight of fluorine-based graft polymer synthesized in this example
70 parts by weight of monochlorobenzene were mixed and stirred.
After that, dispersion processing was performed with the apparatus shown in FIG. Distributed
Processing pressure is 600kg / cm2 Adjust the pump so that
Arranged Dispense the liquid obtained from the discharge port again into the sample input port.
Repeated putting in a total of 5 times high pressure treated dispersion target
I got a thing.

【0102】得られた分散液中のテトラフルオロエチレ
ン樹脂粉体の粒度分布を堀場製作所製粒度分布計(商品
名:CAPA500)で測定した結果、平均粒径0.2
2μmであり、0.2μm以下の粒子の占める率は45
%であった。この液100重量部に対し下記化合物A
21重量部
The particle size distribution of the tetrafluoroethylene resin powder in the obtained dispersion was measured with a particle size distribution meter (trade name: CAPA500, manufactured by Horiba Ltd.), and the average particle size was 0.2.
2 μm, and the proportion of particles of 0.2 μm or less is 45
%Met. The following compound A is added to 100 parts by weight of this liquid.
21 parts by weight

【0103】[0103]

【化16】 [Chemical 16]

【0104】及び化合物B 9重量部And 9 parts by weight of compound B

【0105】[0105]

【化17】 [Chemical 17]

【0106】前述のビスフェノールZタイプポリカーボ
ネート20重量部、モノクロロベンゼン150重量部及
びジクロロメタン60重量部を加え均一に撹拌し電荷輸
送層塗料とした。この塗料を前記電荷発生層上に浸漬塗
布し120℃で60分乾燥させ、25μmの電荷輸送層
を設けた。得られた電子写真感光体を実施感光体(e)
とする。
20 parts by weight of the above-mentioned bisphenol Z type polycarbonate, 150 parts by weight of monochlorobenzene and 60 parts by weight of dichloromethane were added and uniformly stirred to obtain a charge transport layer coating material. This coating material was applied onto the charge generation layer by dip coating and dried at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a 25 μm charge transport layer. The obtained electrophotographic photoreceptor is used as a photoreceptor (e)
And

【0107】(比較例3)実施例4において使用したク
シ型グラフトポリマーに代わって加熱再沈精製しないク
シ型グラフトポリマーを用いた以外は、実施例4と全く
同様な感光体を作成し、これを比較感光体(b)とし
た。
Comparative Example 3 A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the comb-type graft polymer used in Example 4 was replaced with a comb-type graft polymer which was not subjected to heat reprecipitation purification. Was used as a comparative photoconductor (b).

【0108】(実施例5)実施例4において使用したジ
スアゾ顔料に代え下記構造式で示されるジスアゾ顔料
(Example 5) Instead of the disazo pigment used in Example 4, a disazo pigment represented by the following structural formula

【0109】[0109]

【化18】 [Chemical 18]

【0110】を用いた以外は、実施例4と全く同様な感
光体を作成し、実施感光体−(f)とした。
A photoconductor was prepared in exactly the same manner as in Example 4 except that the above photoconductor was used.

【0111】(比較例4)実施例5において電荷輸送層
塗料調整工程におけるテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂粉体
の分散方法が高圧液衝突による方法に代え、通常のガラ
スビーズを用いたサンドミル分散に代えた以外は、実施
例5と全く同様な感光体を用意し、これを比較感光体−
(c)とした。サンドミル分散で得られた非分散物の平
均粒径は0.45μmであり、0.2μm以下の粒子の
占める割合は、わずかに5%であった。
(Comparative Example 4) In Example 5, except that the method of dispersing the tetrafluoroethylene resin powder in the charge transport layer coating material preparation step was changed to the method by high-pressure liquid collision, instead of the ordinary sand mill dispersion using glass beads. Prepared a photoconductor exactly the same as in Example 5, and compared this photoconductor with a photoconductor-
(C). The average particle size of the non-dispersion obtained by sand mill dispersion was 0.45 μm, and the proportion of particles of 0.2 μm or less was only 5%.

【0112】(実施例6)実施例4において使用したジ
スアゾ顔料に代え下記構造式で示されるフタロシアニン
顔料
Example 6 A phthalocyanine pigment represented by the following structural formula was used instead of the disazo pigment used in Example 4.

【0113】[0113]

【化19】 [Chemical 19]

【0114】を用いた以外は、実施例4と全く同様な感
光体を作成し、実施感光体(g)とした。
A photoconductor was prepared in exactly the same manner as in Example 4 except that the above photoconductor was used.

【0115】(比較例5)実施例5において電荷輸送層
における材料を下記構造物(A)と化合物(C)
(Comparative Example 5) In Example 5, the materials for the charge transport layer were the following structure (A) and compound (C).

【0116】[0116]

【化20】 [Chemical 20]

【0117】の組み合わせにいた以外、実施例6と全く
同様な感光体を作成し比較感光体(d)とした。
Except for the combination of the above, a photoconductor was prepared in exactly the same manner as in Example 6 and used as a comparative photoconductor (d).

【0118】このようにして得られた実施感光体(e)
〜(g)、及び比較感光体(b)〜(d)を帯電プロセ
スに接触帯電を用いる電子写真複写機(キヤノン製NP
6030)に装着し、4万枚の実焼き耐久を実施し、そ
のうち初期、2万枚経過時及び4万枚経過時の結果を表
4に示す。
The embodied photoreceptor (e) thus obtained
To (g) and the comparative photoconductors (b) to (d) are electrophotographic copying machines using contact charging in the charging process (Canon NP
6030) and 40,000 sheets were subjected to actual firing durability, and the initial results are shown in Table 4 after 20,000 sheets have passed and 40,000 sheets have passed.

【0119】[0119]

【表4】 [Table 4]

【0120】以下、第3の本発明の実施例を挙げる。The third embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

【0121】(実施例7)テトラフルオロエチレン樹脂
粉体(商品名:ルブロンL−2、ダイキン工業製)10
重量部と実施例4で用いたクシ型フッ素グラフトポリマ
ー型界面活性剤固形分として0.4重量部をモノクロロ
ベンゼン60重量部に混合、撹拌した後、図3に示した
装置で分散処理を実施した。分散時の処理圧力は、60
0kg/cm2 となるようポンプストロークで調整し
た。
(Example 7) Tetrafluoroethylene resin
Powder (trade name: Lubron L-2, manufactured by Daikin Industries) 10
Parts by weight and the comb-type fluorine-grafted polymer used in Example 4
-Type surfactant solid content 0.4 parts by weight
After mixing with 60 parts by weight of benzene and stirring, the results are shown in FIG.
Dispersion processing was performed by the device. The processing pressure during dispersion is 60
0 kg / cm2 Adjust the pump stroke so that
It was

【0122】吐出口より得られた液を再度投入し合計5
回までの高圧処理がされた被分散物をそれぞれ得た。高
圧処理回数に対するテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂粉体の
粒度分布を堀場製作所製粒度分布計(商品名:CAPA
500)で測定した結果を表5に示す。
The liquid obtained from the discharge port was charged again and a total of 5
Each of the materials to be dispersed that had been subjected to the high-pressure treatment up to once was obtained. The particle size distribution of tetrafluoroethylene resin powder with respect to the number of high-pressure treatments was measured by Horiba Seisakusho (trade name: CAPA).
The results measured in 500) are shown in Table 5.

【0123】(比較例6)実施例7において使用した高
圧処理に代わって通常のガラスビーズを用いたサンドミ
ル装置を用いた以外は、実施例7と全く同様な処理を実
施した。なおサンドミル装置のディスク回転数は100
0及び2000rpmとし、処理時間はそれぞれ回転数
において60,120及び180分とした。これらの条
件で得られた分散液を実施例7と同様な粒度分布測定を
実施し、結果を表5に示す。
Comparative Example 6 The same process as in Example 7 was carried out except that a sand mill apparatus using ordinary glass beads was used in place of the high pressure process used in Example 7. In addition, the disk rotation speed of the sand mill device is 100.
The processing time was set to 0, 2000 rpm, and the processing time was set to 60, 120, and 180 minutes in the number of rotations, respectively. The dispersion obtained under these conditions was subjected to the same particle size distribution measurement as in Example 7, and the results are shown in Table 5.

【0124】[0124]

【表5】 [Table 5]

【0125】(実施例8)10%の酸化アンチモンを含
有する酸化スズで被覆した導電性酸化チタン粉体50重
量部、フェノール樹脂25重量部、メチルセロソルブ2
0重量部、メタノール5重量部及びシリコーンオイル
(ポリジメチルシロキサンポリオキシアルキレン共重合
体、数平均分子量30000)0.002重量部をφ1
mmガラスビーズを用いたサンドミル装置で2時間分散
して導電層塗料を調製した。アルミシリンダー(φ80
×360)上に上記塗料をディッピング塗工し、140
℃で30分間乾燥させ膜厚20μmの導電層を形成し
た。
(Example 8) 50 parts by weight of conductive titanium oxide powder coated with tin oxide containing 10% antimony oxide, 25 parts by weight of phenol resin, and methyl cellosolve 2
1 part by weight of 0 part by weight, 5 parts by weight of methanol and 0.002 parts by weight of silicone oil (polydimethylsiloxane polyoxyalkylene copolymer, number average molecular weight 30,000)
The conductive layer coating material was prepared by dispersing for 2 hours with a sand mill using mm glass beads. Aluminum cylinder (φ80
X360) and dip-coat the above coating on it
It was dried at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a conductive layer having a film thickness of 20 μm.

【0126】次に、メトキシメチル化ナイロン樹脂(数
平均分子量32000)30重量部及びアルコール可溶
性共重合ナイロン樹脂(数平均分子量29000)10
重量部をメタノール260重量部及びブタノール40重
量部の混合溶媒中に溶解した液を上記導電層上にディッ
ピング塗工機で塗布し、乾燥後の膜厚が1μmの下引層
を設けた。
Next, 30 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon resin (number average molecular weight 32000) and alcohol soluble copolymer nylon resin (number average molecular weight 29000) 10
A solution prepared by dissolving parts by weight in a mixed solvent of 260 parts by weight of methanol and 40 parts by weight of butanol was applied on the conductive layer with a dipping coating machine to form an undercoat layer having a film thickness after drying of 1 μm.

【0127】次に、下記構造式のジスアゾ顔料Next, a disazo pigment having the following structural formula

【0128】[0128]

【化21】 [Chemical 21]

【0129】4重量部、ベンザール樹脂2重量部及びテ
トラヒドロフラン40重量部をφ1mmガラスビーズを
用いたサンドミル装置で60時間分散した後、シクロヘ
キサン/テトラヒドロフラン混合溶媒で希釈し、電荷発
生層用塗料を得た。この塗料を上記下引層上にディッピ
ング塗工し、乾燥後の膜厚が0.1μmの電荷発生層を
設けた。
4 parts by weight, 2 parts by weight of benzal resin and 40 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran were dispersed for 60 hours in a sand mill using φ1 mm glass beads and then diluted with a cyclohexane / tetrahydrofuran mixed solvent to obtain a charge generation layer coating material. . This coating material was applied on the above-mentioned undercoat layer by dipping to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.1 μm after drying.

【0130】次に、下記構造式Next, the following structural formula

【0131】[0131]

【化22】 [Chemical formula 22]

【0132】の電荷輸送材料10重量部及びポリカーボ
ネート樹脂(数平均分子量25000)10重量部をジ
クロルメタン20重量部及びモノクロルベンゼン40重
量部の混合溶媒中に溶解し、この液を前記電荷発生層上
にディッピング塗工し、120℃で60分間乾燥させ膜
厚20μmの電荷輸送層を形成した。
10 parts by weight of the charge transport material and 10 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin (number average molecular weight 25000) are dissolved in a mixed solvent of 20 parts by weight of dichloromethane and 40 parts by weight of monochlorobenzene, and this solution is placed on the charge generating layer. Dip coating was performed and the coating was dried at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a charge transport layer having a film thickness of 20 μm.

【0133】次に、実施例7で得られたテトラフルオロ
エチレン樹脂粉体分散液(高圧処理2回品)14重量
部、電荷輸送層で用いた電荷輸送材料4重量部、ポリカ
ーボネート樹脂(ビスフェノールZ型:数平均分子量4
0000)4重量部、モノクロベンゼン250重量部及
びジクロルメタン250重量部を混合、溶解し表面保護
層塗料とした。この塗料を霧化塗布し、120℃で60
分間乾燥して5.0μmの保護層を形成した。
Next, 14 parts by weight of the tetrafluoroethylene resin powder dispersion liquid obtained in Example 7 (two-time high-pressure treatment product), 4 parts by weight of the charge transport material used in the charge transport layer, polycarbonate resin (bisphenol Z Type: number average molecular weight 4
0000) 4 parts by weight, 250 parts by weight of monochlorobenzene and 250 parts by weight of dichloromethane were mixed and dissolved to obtain a surface protective layer coating material. This paint is atomized and applied at 120 ° C for 60
After drying for 5 minutes, a protective layer of 5.0 μm was formed.

【0134】(比較例7)実施例8においてテトラフル
オロエチレン樹脂粉体分散液を比較例6で示した100
0rpm×180minの分散液を用いた以外は実施例
8と同様な感光体を作成した。
(Comparative Example 7) The tetrafluoroethylene resin powder dispersion in Example 8 was 100 as shown in Comparative Example 6.
A photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the dispersion liquid of 0 rpm × 180 min was used.

【0135】このようにして得られた感光体をデジタル
カラー複写機(キヤノン製、CLC−500)に搭載し
てマクベス濃度0.25のハーフトーン画像を出した。
明視距離(肉眼より30cm)で画像を実施例8と比較
すると、比較例7ではハーフトーンが不均一でなめらか
さがなくざらついた印象を受けた。
The photoconductor thus obtained was mounted on a digital color copying machine (CLC-500, manufactured by Canon Inc.) to produce a halftone image having a Macbeth density of 0.25.
When the image was compared with Example 8 at a clear viewing distance (30 cm from the naked eye), Comparative Example 7 had an impression that the halftone was non-uniform and not smooth and rough.

【0136】更に、ドラム上でのトナー画像を観察した
ところ、実施例8においてドットに対してトナー像が忠
実に再現されているが、比較例7においてはトナーの付
着が不十分なドット像が見うけられた。
Furthermore, when the toner image on the drum is observed, the toner image is faithfully reproduced with respect to the dots in Example 8, but in Comparative Example 7, the dot image in which the toner is insufficiently adhered is found. I was seen.

【0137】(実施例9)実施例8において、テトラフ
ルオロエチレン樹脂粉体分散液を8重量部、22重量部
及び36重量部とし、それぞれ霧化塗布した。
(Example 9) In Example 8, the tetrafluoroethylene resin powder dispersion liquid was made to be 8 parts by weight, 22 parts by weight and 36 parts by weight, and each was atomized and applied.

【0138】このようにして得られた感光体をCLC−
500にそれぞれ搭載し、マクベス濃度0.20のハー
フトーン画像を出した。その結果、明視距離にて画像を
見たところ、いずれの感光体でも、ざらつきのない均一
なハーフトーンが得られた。また、ドラム上でのトナー
画像においてもいずれもトナー像が忠実に再現されてい
た。
The thus-obtained photosensitive member was treated with CLC-
It was mounted on each of the 500 and produced a halftone image with a Macbeth density of 0.20. As a result, when an image was viewed at a clear viewing distance, a uniform halftone without roughness was obtained with any of the photoconductors. Also, in the toner image on the drum, the toner image was faithfully reproduced.

【0139】[0139]

【発明の効果】以上、実施例が示すように第1の本発明
及び第3の本発明によれば、感光体に求められる電子写
真特性を満足した上で従来得がたかった表面滑り性や耐
摩耗性に関し著しい改善がなされ、高耐久でかつ耐久後
も高品位な画像特性を有する電子写真感光体の提供が可
能となった。
As described above, according to the first and third aspects of the present invention, as shown in the examples, the surface slipperiness and the surface slipperiness which have hitherto been difficult to obtain are satisfied while satisfying the electrophotographic characteristics required for the photoreceptor. The abrasion resistance has been remarkably improved, and it has become possible to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having high durability and high-quality image characteristics even after the durability.

【0140】以上、実施例が示すように第2の本発明に
よれば、従来のコロナ帯電に比べより耐摩耗性及び電位
安定性を要求される接触帯電(直接帯電)の系を有す電
子写真装置に装着され繰り返し使用された際に、優れた
耐久性、画像性を有する電子写真感光体の提供が可能と
なった。
As described in the examples, according to the second aspect of the present invention, an electron having a system of contact charging (direct charging), which requires more abrasion resistance and potential stability than the conventional corona charging. It has become possible to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent durability and imageability when it is mounted on a photographic device and repeatedly used.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の転写式電子写真装置の概略構成図であ
る。
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a transfer type electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention.

【図2】電子写真装置をプリンターとして使用したファ
クシミリのブロック図である。
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a facsimile using the electrophotographic apparatus as a printer.

【図3】本発明で用いる高圧で液衝突させるための装置
の一例の概略構成図である。
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of an example of an apparatus for causing liquid collision at high pressure used in the present invention.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 植松 弘規 東京都大田区下丸子3丁目30番2号 キヤ ノン株式会社内 (72)発明者 池末 龍哉 東京都大田区下丸子3丁目30番2号 キヤ ノン株式会社内 (72)発明者 酒匂 春海 東京都大田区下丸子3丁目30番2号 キヤ ノン株式会社内 (72)発明者 樫村 昇 東京都大田区下丸子3丁目30番2号 キヤ ノン株式会社内 (72)発明者 雨宮 昇司 東京都大田区下丸子3丁目30番2号 キヤ ノン株式会社内 (72)発明者 ▲吉▼村 公博 東京都大田区下丸子3丁目30番2号 キヤ ノン株式会社内 (72)発明者 山上 雅昭 東京都大田区下丸子3丁目30番2号 キヤ ノン株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hironori Uematsu 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. (72) Inventor Tatsuya Ikezue 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Incorporated (72) Inventor Shunkai 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. (72) Inventor Noboru Kashimura 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. ( 72) Inventor Shoji Amemiya 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. (72) Inventor ▲ Yoshi ▼ Murahiro Hiromura 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. (72) ) Inventor Masaaki Yamagami 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc.

Claims (19)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 導電性支持体上に感光層を有する電子写
真感光体において、該感光体の表面層がフッ素樹脂粉体
を含有し、該フッ素樹脂粉体が溶剤と共に高圧状態に昇
圧され、該高圧の液衝突により粉砕及び分散されたもの
であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体。
1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the surface layer of the photoreceptor contains a fluororesin powder, and the fluororesin powder is pressurized to a high pressure state together with a solvent, An electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by being pulverized and dispersed by the high-pressure liquid collision.
【請求項2】 前記昇圧、粉砕及び分散が、前記フッ素
樹脂粉体及び溶剤を微細な流路に圧送し、該微細な流路
での高圧の液衝突により行なわれる請求項1記載の電子
写真感光体。
2. The electrophotography according to claim 1, wherein the pressurization, pulverization and dispersion are carried out by pressure-feeding the fluororesin powder and the solvent into a fine flow path and by high-pressure liquid collision in the fine flow path. Photoconductor.
【請求項3】 前記昇圧、粉砕及び分散が、前記フッ素
樹脂粉体及び溶剤を微細な流路に圧送し、該流路の吐出
口直後の障害壁への液衝突により行なわれる請求項1記
載の電子写真感光体。
3. The pressurization, pulverization and dispersion are carried out by pressure-feeding the fluororesin powder and solvent to a fine flow passage and causing liquid to collide with an obstacle wall immediately after a discharge port of the flow passage. Electrophotographic photoreceptor.
【請求項4】 前記感光体の表面層が電荷輸送層である
請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。
4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the surface layer of the photosensitive member is a charge transport layer.
【請求項5】 前記感光体の表面層が電荷発生層である
請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。
5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the surface layer of the photosensitive member is a charge generation layer.
【請求項6】 前記感光体の帯電特性がマイナス電荷帯
電である請求項4記載の電子写真感光体。
6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 4, wherein the charging characteristic of the photosensitive member is negative charge charging.
【請求項7】 前記感光体の帯電特性がプラス電荷帯電
である請求項4記載の電子写真感光体。
7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 4, wherein the charging characteristic of the photosensitive member is positive charge.
【請求項8】 請求項1ないし7記載の電子写真感光体
を有することを特徴とする電子写真装置。
8. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1.
【請求項9】 接触帯電により電子写真感光体に電圧を
印加する手段を有する電子写真装置に用い、かつ導電性
支持体上に感光層を有する電子写真感光体において、該
感光体の表面層が、フッ素樹脂粉体及び加熱処理された
後再沈精製されたフッ素系グラフトポリマーを含有し、
かつ該感光体が下記化合物(A) 【化1】 及び化合物(B) 【化2】 を有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体。
9. An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, which is used in an electrophotographic apparatus having means for applying a voltage to the electrophotographic photoreceptor by contact charging, wherein the surface layer of the photoreceptor is , Containing a fluororesin powder and a fluorine-based graft polymer purified by re-precipitation after heat treatment,
In addition, the photoreceptor has the following compound (A): And the compound (B) An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising:
【請求項10】 前記フッ素樹脂粉体及びフッ素系グラ
フトポリマーが、溶剤と共に高圧状態に昇圧され、該高
圧の液衝突により粉砕及び分散されたものである請求項
9記載の電子写真感光体。
10. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 9, wherein the fluororesin powder and the fluorograft polymer are pressurized together with a solvent to a high pressure state and pulverized and dispersed by the high-pressure liquid collision.
【請求項11】 前記昇圧、粉砕及び分散が、前記フッ
素樹脂粉体、フッ素系グラフトポリマー及び溶剤を微細
な流路に圧送し、該微細な流路での高圧の液衝突により
行なわれる請求項9記載の電子写真感光体。
11. The pressurization, pulverization and dispersion are carried out by pressure-feeding the fluororesin powder, the fluorine-based graft polymer and the solvent to a fine flow passage, and by high-pressure liquid collision in the fine flow passage. 9. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to item 9.
【請求項12】 前記昇圧、粉砕及び分散が、前記フッ
素樹脂粉体、フッ素系グラフトポリマー及び溶剤を微細
な流路に圧送し、該流路の吐出口直後の障害壁への液衝
突により行なわれる請求項9記載の電子写真感光体。
12. The pressurization, pulverization and dispersion are carried out by pressure-feeding the fluororesin powder, the fluorograft polymer and the solvent to a fine flow passage, and liquid collision with the obstacle wall immediately after the discharge port of the flow passage. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 9.
【請求項13】 請求項9ないし12記載の電子写真感
光体を有することを特徴とする電子写真装置。
13. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 9.
【請求項14】 導電性支持体上に感光層を有する電子
写真感光体において、該感光体の保護層がフッ素樹脂粉
体を含有し、該フッ素樹脂粉体がバインダー樹脂及び溶
剤と共に高圧状態に昇圧され、該高圧の液衝突により粉
砕及び分散されたものであることを特徴とする電子写真
感光体。
14. An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the protective layer of the photosensitive member contains a fluororesin powder, and the fluororesin powder is brought into a high pressure state together with a binder resin and a solvent. An electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized in that it is crushed and dispersed by a pressure increase and a collision of the high-pressure liquid.
【請求項15】 前記昇圧、粉砕及び分散が、前記フッ
素樹脂粉体、バインダー樹脂及び溶剤を微細な流路に圧
送し、該微細な流路での高圧の液衝突により行なわれる
請求項14記載の電子写真感光体。
15. The pressurization, pulverization and dispersion are performed by pressure-feeding the fluororesin powder, the binder resin and the solvent to a fine flow passage, and by high-pressure liquid collision in the fine flow passage. Electrophotographic photoreceptor.
【請求項16】 前記昇圧、粉砕及び分散が、前記フッ
素樹脂粉体、バインダー樹脂及び溶剤を微細な流路に圧
送し、該流路の吐出口直後の障害壁への液衝突により行
なわれる請求項14記載の電子写真感光体。
16. The pressurization, pulverization and dispersion are performed by pressure-feeding the fluororesin powder, binder resin and solvent to a fine flow passage, and liquid collision with an obstacle wall immediately after a discharge port of the flow passage. Item 14. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to Item 14.
【請求項17】 前記保護層が更に電荷輸送材料を含有
する請求項14記載の電子写真感光体。
17. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 14, wherein the protective layer further contains a charge transport material.
【請求項18】 前記保護層が、バインダー樹脂及びフ
ッ素樹脂粉体を含有する溶剤の霧化塗布により形成され
たものである請求項14記載の電子写真感光体。
18. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 14, wherein the protective layer is formed by atomization coating of a solvent containing a binder resin and a fluororesin powder.
【請求項19】 請求項14ないし18記載の電子写真
感光体を有することを特徴とする電子写真装置。
19. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 14.
JP05145456A 1993-05-26 1993-05-26 Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic apparatus having the same Expired - Fee Related JP3097940B2 (en)

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